Jim Crow | Daily Bellringer

Jim Crow: What were Jim Crow Laws? The Jim Crow Era marks a sad and offensive period in American History as laws were passed that discriminated against African Americans and attempted to take away basic rights. Through the work of Civil Rights advocates these laws were reversed and struck down but unfortunately, the damage had been done. Questions below:
1. What was the purpose of Jim Crow Laws?
2. Where does the name "Jim Crow" come from?
3. What argument did the Supreme Court make stating that segregation was legal as long as this existed?
4. What organization was founded in 1909 to protect the rights of African Americans?
5. Why do you believe the Supreme Court upheld and defended clearly unjust laws that discriminated against African Americans?
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#jimcrow #historyofjimcrow #civilrights

[@thatsthewayitgoes9]

By omitting who did 99% of this, and deflecting the truth, the harm continues.

[@thatsthewayitgoes9]

You gave a great historical summary. All your historical summaries are very very good.

[@americanhistorygeek1926]

Great video Jared, very informative!

[@edwardmachain7900]

Great vid! Using this in my US History class.

[@thedailybellringer]

Thanks I hope the video is useful!

[@bepassa12]

Correction: Jim Crow did not end in 64. The Democrats (not Republicans) kept it alive until 78.

[@LIVINGTHISJOURNEY]

Thank you for informing people of this

[@thedailybellringer]

A terrible time in our history that should never be repeated!

[@adamberan1052]

learned a lot

[@roadrunner9141]

Still going on in Mississippi

[@nessness556]

Getting out of this state

[@eddiekulp1241]

Your lieing

[@munsterbraum2792]

LOL No its not...

[@leiland9099]

Sir yes it is they passed the 1020 in Jackson Ms recently which enforces Jim Crow law under different terms.. S#!+ neva went away anyway

[@Lucky.Man.Altimori]

I sadly believe you..!

[@brenkelly8163]

An excellent job. Actually, the laws you're talking about started being made in 1865 and were made on a state-by-state basis in 15 states. One example from 1940 in Alabama: "County Boards of Education to provide free separate schools for white and colored children". Wonderful stuff and thank for showing the length and the laws made against black Americans. The Supreme Court did not end Jim Crow, as one of the last laws was made in 1967, 102 years later. But the Supreme Court had no method to enforce the laws they invalidated, and instead the 15 states resisted enforcing the SCOTUS rulings like the Brown 1, Brown II and Loving decisions. Many of these 15 states very strongly resisted and would not integrate schools as so ordered by the Supreme Court. The states and their local governments violently bucked the court and maintained their own police and even state national guard. SCOTUS has NO power to force changes on state levels and so states continually and flagrantly in some cases violate those decisions. SCTOUS is the branch of government with no guns or ability to enforce and no ability to legislate. States have their own police forces and legislatures. Hence the integration demanded by the Brown decision was eventually abandoned, as it became Title 6 of the Civil rights act of 1964 but was gutted when forced bussing or forced integration was stopped and overturn in 1980. Just like Roe was overturned.

[@user-mx7hg9sx4p]

Great ❗ video and very educational 💯🔥👍

[@RebeccaWatkins-ly2fv]

Thank you!

[@thedailybellringer]

You're welcome! I am glad you found the video beneficial. Thanks

[@colinlawrence3685]

You should talk about the 'Compromise of 1877' to explain to your viewers why the North pulled out of the South.

[@thedailybellringer]

You might check out this video

[@thedailybellringer]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/oaqVgXerq7R2gK8

[@bunnyreid3]

I am facing Jim Crow law in Hartford probate court by a black judge and white lawyer. Who tell me my mom can't have a headstone and not reimburse for funeral in Jamaica

[@bunnyreid3]

Yes black people can support Jim Crow law, which is sad. It is alive

[@Mccalldiana4545]

Thats true your right

[@JeffTheEntrepreneur]

This makes me sick. Will change this if I’m ever president

[@thedailybellringer]

A sad time in history

[@smacksumbody]

I was hoping you’d mention the brutality of public lynchings and those who took body parts as souvenirs as one way to enforce these laws of barbarians….but didn’t 🙄

[@CenkHoca]

Back in those days people were better, hard working and got married before having children... They were god feeeeearing

[@NH-lf1wu]

The truth is awful

[@thedailybellringer]

Unfortunately yes. A terrible time in our history that should never be repeated.

[@chedelrio-baker1088]

Stop calling Black Americans as Afro-Americans. Seeing that you have multiple generations of blacks in America and blacks have been in America before whites came to America. Black people in america are just called Black Americans. But I still love the fact that you were trying to educate Americans about their history

[@msbrickcity_900]

We are African ppl our DNA didn't change nor stop nor switch over black is a dehumanizing term that was created during slavery time they can call you black that shit don't fly with me Iam African so they going to address me as one

[@richard3716]

democrats did this

[@jb-vb8un]

right Sir - - - Civil War and aftermath Another definition of Progressivism: Prior to the end of slavery and suppressing the vote for 100 years, then later keeping Blacks dependent on entitlements, Democrats used the whip to keep Blacks in line. The Republican Party was beginning a 50-year era of dominance (1858-1910). During the war, Northern Democrats divided into two factions, War Democrats, who supported the military policies of President Lincoln, and Copperheads, who strongly opposed them. Historian Kenneth Stampp has captured the Copperhead spirit in his depiction of Democratic Congressman Daniel W. Voorhees of Indiana: There was an earthy quality in Voorhees, "the tall sycamore of the Wabash." On the stump his hot temper, passionate partisanship, and stirring eloquence made an irresistible appeal to the western Democracy. His bitter cries against protective tariffs and national banks, his intense race prejudice, his suspicion of the eastern Yankee, his devotion to personal liberty, his defense of the Constitution and state rights faithfully reflected the views of his constituents. Like other Jacksonian agrarians he resented the political and economic revolution then in progress. Voorhees idealized a way of life which he thought was being destroyed by the current rulers of his country. His bold protests against these dangerous trends made him the idol of the Democracy of the Wabash Valley. In 1860 the Democrats were unable to stop the election of Republican Abraham Lincoln, even as they feared his election would lead to civil war. The party was divided between North and South. The northern wing nominated Douglas, and the southern wing nominated Vice President John C. Breckinridge. Douglas campaigned across the country and came in second in the popular vote, but carried only Missouri. Breckinridge carried 11 slave states. The heart of Democrat Resistance in the North resided in New York. The New York City draft riots (July 13-16, 1863) were the largest civil and racially-charged insurrection in American history, aside from the Civil War itself. Initially intended as a protest against the draft, it turned into a race riot. Workers feared free black people would compete for jobs. Black people throughout the city were attacked. 120 people were killed, public buildings, churches, homes of various abolitionists or sympathizers, and many black homes were ransacked or destroyed. The Colored Orphan Asylum was burnt to the ground. Only a fraction of Union troops occupied the South after the war, and the balance mustered out according to length of service. Because blacks were not admitted into ranks until the middle of the war, they were retained at a higher rate, making the occupying force "blacker" than the one that won the war. The roughly 200,000 black Americans who served in the Union Army comprised an estimated 10 percent of the North's total fighting force. But by the last quarter of 1865, blacks made up about one-third of the occupation army. Many Southerners took this as a deliberate Republican insult.[33] The Democrats lost consecutive presidential elections from 1860 through 1880 (but 1876 was in dispute); 1884 was their next victory. The Democrats were weakened by "The Cause" in the Civil War but benefited from resentment toward Republicans for its effort to promote equality for blacks in Reconstruction. The Republicans received the eternal hatred and hostility of Democrats, and shied away from social issues for the next 150 years, focusing instead on its original purpose of preserving the Union through national security, and on economic issues. The Redeemers gave the Democrats control of every Southern state. Democratic terrorism at first was focused on Republicans; once the Republicans had been chased out, the lynching of Blacks peaked about 1892 with over 150 victims, or about one every two days. Across the South Republican parties were formed by African Americans. Black people were the original Republicans in the South. The Republican Party in Texas was founded on the 4th of July 1867 in Houston, Texas by 150 African Americans and 20 whites. Two of the first three statewide Republican chairman were African American. The first 42 Black legislators elected in Texas were all Republican. The first 112 Black legislators elected in Mississippi were all Republican. The first 190 Black legislators elected in South Carolina were all Republicans. The first 41 Black legislators in Georgia were Republicans. The first 127 Black legislators in Louisiana were Republicans.

[@jb-vb8un]

Republican empowerment of Blacks Republicans stripped white males who engaged in rebellion against the United States of the vote, and gave it to Blacks. Newly freed Blacks held local, state and federal elected and non-elected positions as Republicans. The white males who were deprived of the vote were also barred from holding any civil service position and were universally Democrats. This disenfranchisement created enormous resentment among Democrats, so they formed the Ku Klux Klan to engage in voter intimidation and suppression. The House elections of 1866 decisively changed the balance of power, giving the Radicals control of Congress and enough votes to overcome Johnson's vetoes and even to impeach him. Johnson was acquitted by one vote, but he remained almost powerless regarding Reconstruction policy. Radicals used the Army to take over the South and give the vote to black men, and they took the vote away from an estimated 10,000 or 15,000 white men who had been Confederate officials or senior officers. The Radical stage lasted for varying lengths in the different states, where a Republican coalition of Freedmen, Scalawags, and Carpetbaggers took control and promoted modernization through railroads and public schools. They were charged with corruption by their Southern Democrat opponents, calling themselves "Redeemers" after 1870. Democrat Klan reaction A political cartoon depicting the KKK and the Democrat Party as continuations of the Confederacy The Ku Klux Klan started attacking Black Republican conventions. At the Republican convention in Louisiana, the Klan joined with New Orleans police and New Orleans' Democrat mayor. The New Orleans Republican convention was attacked. 40 Blacks and 20 whites were killed. Another 150 were wounded. In 1868 the Democrats put out push cards in South Carolina listing what they called the 'radical' members of the South Carolina legislature. A push card is about the size of a baseball card. The cards had the pictures of 63 legislators they wanted to kill. 50 of the legislators were Black and 13 were white. All 63 were Republicans. On the back of the was the name of the legislator. On election day, November 3, 1874, an Alabama chapter of the White League repeated actions taken earlier that year in Vicksburg, Mississippi. They invaded Eufaula AL, killing at least seven black Republicans, injuring at least 70 more, and driving off more than 1,000 unarmed Republicans from the polls.[2] The group moved on to Spring Hill AL, where members stormed the polling place, destroying the ballot box, and killing the 16-year-old son of a white Republican judge in their shooting.[3] The White League refused to count any Republican votes cast. But, Republican voters reflected the black majority in the county, as well as white supporters. They outnumbered Democratic voters by a margin greater than two to one. The League declared the Democratic candidates victorious, forced Republican politicians out of office, and seized every county office in Barbour County, Alabama.[4] Such actions were repeated in other parts of the South in the 1870s, as Democrats sought to regain political dominance in states with black majorities and numerous Republican officials. In Barbour County, the Democrats auctioned off as "slaves" (for a maximum cost of $2 per month), or otherwise silenced all Republican witnesses to the events. They were intimidated from testifying to the coup if the case went to federal court.[4] By 1876, the situation had become ungovernable for Republicans.[5] The Republicans had been able to pass the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments which guaranteed Blacks basic equality and civil rights, but eventually had to declare an amnesty for whites who engaged in rebellion. Reconstruction ended, and Republicans withdrew from social engineering which had divided the country so deeply and stirred up such bitterness and hatred among Democrats toward both Blacks and Republicans. Reconstruction earned Republicans the undying hatred of Democrats.[6][7] By 1877, however, Redeemers regained control of every state, and President Rutherford Hayes withdrew federal troops, causing the collapse of the remaining three Republican state governments. The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were permanent legacies. African Americans in the South were left to the mercy of increasingly hostile state governments dominated by white Democratic legislatures; neither the legislatures, law enforcement or the courts worked to protect freedmen.[8] As Democrats regained power in the late 1870s, they struggled to suppress black voting through intimidation and fraud at the polls. Paramilitary groups such as the Red Shirts acted on behalf of the Democrats to suppress black voting. From 1890 to 1908, 10 of the 11 former Confederate states passed disfranchising constitutions or amendments,[9] with provisions for poll taxes,[10] residency requirements, literacy tests,[10] and grandfather clauses that effectively disfranchised most black voters and many poor white people. The disfranchisement also meant that black people could not serve on juries or hold any political office, which were restricted to voters; those who could not vote were excluded from the political system. Bitterness and hatred of Republicans by Democrats created an enduring legacy lasting beyond the 20th century and into 21st century.

[@jb-vb8un]

DEMOCRAT INSURRECTION - - -- In the late afternoon of May 1, 1866, long broiling tensions between the residents of southern Memphis, Tennessee erupted into a three day riot known as the Memphis Riot of 1866. The riot began when a white police officer attempted to arrest a black ex-soldier and an estimated fifty blacks showed up to stop the police from jailing him. Accounts vary as to who began the shooting, but the altercation that ensued quickly involved more and more of the city. The victims initially were only black soldiers, but the violence quickly spread to other blacks living just south of Memphis who were attacked while their homes, schools, and churches were destroyed. White Northerners who worked as missionaries and school teachers in black schools were also targeted. In an attempt to restore order, U.S. Army commander George Stoneman ordered the black soldiers of the Third United States Colored Heavy Artillery regiment back to Fort Pickering just outside the city and they obeyed. Nonetheless, the violence continued throughout the night as the targets now became the black civilians in the city. Memphis police and firemen openly participated in the violence and looting and as a result the city’s black citizens could not count on them to stop the attacks or put out the fires in the African American neighborhoods. The conflict stretched into a second day when Memphis Mayor John Park refused to request state or federal assistance. On the afternoon of the third day, General Stoneman declared martial law and sent black and white troops into the city to reestablish order. Within a month a congressional committee arrived to investigate the riot. The investigation and interviews were thorough, but the report was controlled by Radical Republicans in Congress and used to gain support for Reconstruction policies. The national impact of the report was the rapid endorsement of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, making all ex-slaves citizens, and the increasing of Republican majorities in Congress in the November 1866 elections. The report sought to show the vulnerability of southern blacks immediately after the end of the Civil War but it targeted Irish southerners as their major threat (as opposed to white southerners in general). The report blamed the overwhelmingly Irish police force of Memphis as well as the black-Irish competition for manual labor jobs for the underlying tensions that led to the conflict. Yet it virtually ignored the non-Irish whites who participated in the rioting and the role of black soldiers who before the fighting had been given responsibility for patrolling much of the city. The authority given to the black soldiers disturbed and discomforted many of Memphis’s white citizens who preferred that the newly freed slaves retain subordinate roles in their city. By the end of May 3, Memphis’s black community had been devastated. Forty-six blacks had been killed. Two whites died in the conflict, one as the result of an accident and another, a policeman, because of a self-inflicted gunshot. There were five rapes and 285 people were injured. Over one hundred houses and buildings burned down as a result of the riot and the neglect of the firemen. No arrests were made.

[@jb-vb8un]

DEMOCRAAT INSURRECTION - - The Colfax Massacre occurred on April 13, 1873. The battle-turned-massacre took place in the small town of Colfax, Louisiana as a clash between blacks and whites. Three whites and an estimated 150 blacks died in the conflict. The massacre took place against the backdrop of racial tensions following the hotly contested Louisiana governor’s race of 1872. While the Republicans narrowly won the contest and retained control of the state, white Democrats, angry over the defeat, vowed revenge. In Colfax Parish (county) as in other areas of the state, they organized a white militia to directly challenge the mostly black state militia under the control of the governor. Colfax Parish reflected the political and racial divide in Louisiana. Its 4,600 voters in the 1872 election were split between approximately 2,400 hundred mostly black Republican voters and 2,200 white Democratic voters. One incident however, touched off the Colfax Massacre. On March 28, local white Democratic leaders called for armed supporters to help them take the Colfax Parish Courthouse from the black and white GOP officeholders on April 1. The Republicans responded by urging their mostly black supporters to defend them. Although nothing happened on April 1, the next day fighting erupted between the two groups. On April 13, Easter Sunday, more than 300 armed white men, including members of white supremacist organizations such as the Knights of White Camellia and the Ku Klux Klan, attacked the courthouse. When the militia maneuvered a cannon to fire on the courthouse, some of the sixty black defenders fled while others surrendered. When the leader of the attackers, James Hadnot, was accidentally shot by one of his own men, the white militia responded by shooting the black prisoners. Those who were wounded in the earlier battle, particularly black militia members, were singled out for execution. The indiscriminate killing spread to African Americans who had not been at the courthouse and continued into the night. All told, approximately 150 African Americans were killed, including 48 who were murdered after the battle. Only three whites were killed, and few were injured in the largely one-sided battle of Colfax. On April 14, the state militia under the control of Republican Governor William Kellogg arrived at the scene and recorded the carnage. New Orleans police and federal troops also arrived in the next few days to reestablish order. A total of 97 white militia men were arrested and charged with violation of the U.S. Enforcement Act of 1870 (also known as the Ku Klux Klan Act). A handful of them were convicted but were eventually released in 1875 when the U.S. Supreme Court in United States v. Cruikshank ruled the Enforcement Act was unconstitutional. No one was ever arrested by the state of Louisiana or by intimidated local officials.

[@faithgood6527]

Sure it's easy to say it was the democrats, but the statues are of them.. But its heritage.. Parties change. Follow the Ideology.. Knowing truth heal the country, making past wrongs right.. The very ones that set up the system of white supremacy and European in mind, the goal was a white utopia..

[@mendezfocus]

You must be lefty the way the way you are narrating is lefty

[@guesswhoscomingtoyoutube]

how

[@sandrahumes-benton3087]

Probably because a rightie wouldn’t even acknowledge that it was an issue. Better yet a rightie would claim there were positive benefits for the blacks.