JWST confirms MOST DISTANT galaxy! Plus nuclear fusion ignition & Artemis splashdown | NSN Dec ’22

In this month's Night Sky News we chat about how to spot all the solar system planets in the betwixtmas period, the splashdown of Orion of the Artemis 1 mission, the breakthrough in nuclear fusion at the Livermore Laboratory, and a new record holder for the most distant galaxy known confirmed by JWST!
International Space Station fly-overs for your location: spotthestation.nasa.gov/
JWST observing schedules: www.stsci.edu/jwst/science-ex...
JWST data archive (with public access!): mast.stsci.edu/portal/Mashup/...
Twitter bot for JWST current observations: / jwstobservation
Kluth et al. (2020; machine learning for positioning of lasers in nuclear fusion experiments; only available behind pay wall) - aip.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10....
Piaulet et al. (2022; Kepler 138d “water world”) - arxiv.org/pdf/2212.08477.pdf
Kramer et al. (2022; SKYSURF ghostly glow in Hubble data) - arxiv.org/pdf/2208.07218.pdf
Windhorst et al. (2022; SKYSURF ghostly glow in Hubble data) - arxiv.org/pdf/2205.06214.pdf
Carleton et al. (2022; SKYSURF ghostly glow in Hubble data) - arxiv.org/pdf/2205.06347.pdf
Robertson et al. (2022; JADES JWST deep field project) - arxiv.org/pdf/2212.04480.pdf
Curtis-Lake et al. (2022; JADES JWST deep field project) - arxiv.org/pdf/2212.04568.pdf
Windhorst et al. (2022; PEARLS JWST medium field project) - arxiv.org/pdf/2209.04119.pdf
Yan et al. (2022; redshift ~ 20 galaxy claims in early JWST data) - arxiv.org/pdf/2207.11558.pdf
00:00 Intro
01:11 Mercury, Venus & Toenail Moon 24th Dec
01:37 International Space Station fly-overs 24th & 25th Dec
02:24 Saturn & Toenail Moon 26th Dec
02:56 All planets visible late December
03:43 Mercury & Venus conjunction 28th Dec
04:32 Winter hexagon Dec & Jan
05:25 Saturn & Venus conjunction 22nd Jan
07:22 Nuclear fusion IGNITION breakthrough!
12:42 Orion splashdown Artemis 1 mission
15:12 Square Kilometre Array breaks ground
17:12 Kepler 138d; a “waterworld” found by Hubble
18:19 Ghostly glow leftover in Hubble images
21:22 JWST discovers most distant galaxy yet
27:29 Outro
28:13 Bloopers
Video edited by Jonny Hyman: / @thehumanverse
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👩🏽‍💻 I'm Dr. Becky Smethurst, an astrophysicist at the University of Oxford (Christ Church). I love making videos about science with an unnatural level of enthusiasm. I like to focus on how we know things, not just what we know. And especially, the things we still don't know. If you've ever wondered about something in space and couldn't find an answer online - you can ask me! My day job is to do research into how supermassive black holes can affect the galaxies that they live in. In particular, I look at whether the energy output from the disk of material orbiting around a growing supermassive black hole can stop a galaxy from forming stars.
drbecky.uk.com
rebeccasmethurst.co.uk

[@terrygoyan3022]

Thank you Dr. Becky for making the week even better! I love these JWST updates from a reliable source. No hype, just science!

[@TML0677]

No hype? What about Fusion ignition breakthrough? I would send you all to Congo mines with half meal a day!!!

[@freyatilly]

@The Metal Jedi .. The comment was about the telescope, not the fusion. Clearly your con-fusion.

[@alanwakefield2453]

Yes. Nothing about terrified scientist or impending doon from barrelling meteors

[@TML0677]

@@freyatilly stfu and watch the video again 7:24. 1/3 of the video is about stupid Tokamaks

[@VictorVonGrooove]

The only hype we see is the twinkle in her eyes when she talks about it.

[@lokilawson]

Your enthusiasm for JWST is warranted…. And contagious!

[@tankourito5419]

Aye. It's particularly exciting what they can do in 2023 with their first full year being operational. Now that all the instruments are working too. I'm looking forward to it.

[@csh43166]

Indeed!!!

[@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721]

@@tankourito5419 2023 is gonna be the year of JWST, I'm sure of it!

[@docferringer]

Contagious? Damn son, I'm sorry. We will have to isolate you in an abandoned missile silo until we find a cure. In the mean time I'm prescribing 10ccs of Bill Nye daily and a Soul Patch of Neil deGrasse Tyson as needed for discomfort.

[@lokilawson]

@@docferringer a bit of Sabine Hossenfelder may also be in my future. Or past. I suppose it is relative to when you read this comment.

[@aemrt5745]

Really happy about the Artemis flight. I am one of thousands of Engineers that worked on the program. I worked on the ground test stand for the Jetison Motor that removed the capsule abort system rocket. Seeing the video of Jetison Motor working made my year! Have a Happy Christmas and wonderful New Year!

[@christoduplessis8177]

As a South African super proud to have part of the SKA here, doing our little bit to help the world understand the our universe even better 🙂

[@darkydoom]

I'm so happy I found your channel. I love your enthusiasm for this field and all fields of science, and your presentation of information and news is enjoyable to listen to and easy to digest.

[@DrBecky]

Glad you enjoy it! Thank you

[@SmittyHalibut]

Your excitement about the knowledge coming out of JWST is so infectious. :-)

[@csh43166]

I was just thinking the same thing!

[@ninadgadre3934]

People like you and Sabine are soon becoming the only places I seek details or clarifications on any clickbaity news I read these days. Thank you for your enormous service to humanity!

[@IMortage]

Beware that Sabine does have more of her own agenda, even if she's someone I recommend as well. But I'd be a bit more cautious there.

[@hans-joachimbierwirth4727]

For some that might be important because that is one of the few places where flat earth drivel gets some respect and confirmation. For others its just the only physics prof still on the German antisemitism trip. There has been some sxympathy for nazis on this channel too this year, so i am not really surprised to find comments like yours.

[@marcuscarana9240]

I remember when KZbin was only a platform for people playing games or doing comedy sketches which is nice and all but I love how KZbin is nowadays also a platform for intellects and even people with Phds to share their knowledge and expertise on things like science and astronomy.

[@2Sheds30619]

A very Merry Christmas and Happy New Year to both you and Sam. Thank you for all you do to educate and entertain us.

[@_general_error]

Finaly someone came up with actual numbers in their fusion video. Thank you, Becky, what would the internet do without you?

[@cmel7841]

ohh that gave me the biggest smile about the ISS on Christmas morning. love it

[@cobitanium]

Thank you Dr. for the great content during this year. All the best for 2023 !!

[@richc47us]

Isn't it amazing!? All this gives me the feeling that new discoveries are just around the corner ...everyday! I'm anticipating that 2023 will be a very exciting year!

[@cheddarbeansoup]

Another evening made better by our favorite news host. 😄

[@johnwilson839]

I'm an old timer antenna engineer and I think insects have antennae but arrays have antennas. I'm not 100% on this but I'm pretty sure at least from the perspective of my corner of the antenna development community.

[@AquaPeet]

My god your video has the BEST audio in the WORLD!!! So clear, high and low end, no compression artifacts..... Okay back to the video! :)

[@dipendhruv3951]

Thanks Dr. B for sharing all your vids, your research and most importantly your passion and enthusiasm - have a great break and look froward to more enthusiastic Dr. B episodes - All the very best wishes and HNY!!

[@shanieboi86]

Hi Dr Becky, thanks for your year of amazing space news. I love your explanations of complex work. It gives this engineer with a physics heart the joy of learning about interesting research.

[@Systox25]

9:05 this crazy dude is from Helion. Ceo David Kirtley said in a video on Real Engineering, they demonstrate in 2024 power generation and the next version could be commercially available. And that video with Cleo ans Simone was so funny to watch 😂. They are awesome!

[@sebastiancardozo591]

I love that you give us a taste of the technical details. Keep them coming Dr. Becky!

[@johnmcnaught7453]

Love your stuff. Halfway through your new book, and I'm finding it to be a great read. You have a way of making the complex understandable to us lesser mortals. Stay Well.

[@danhitchcock727]

This channel content is great, and the delivery is so enthusiastic. I listen to every word!

[@DenizenoftheAges]

Happy holidays Dr. Becky! Thanks for the news!

[@ross077]

Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year to you and yours Dr. Becky, thanks for all your coverage of space news this year.

[@snjsilvan]

You sure did pick the right job. It's obvious how passionate you are about it. Merry Christmas!

[@philhogan5623]

One star that always seems to get overlooked is Canopus. It's the 2nd brightest star in the whole sky, yet it rarely gets mentioned. It lies not far south of Sirius and is extremely prominent from southerly latitudes this time of the year.

[@stargazer7644]

It isn’t popular because a majority of the world’s population live so far north that they can never see it.

[@dougel4709]

Merry Christmas Dr. Becky!!!! And a happy new year!! Thank you for all the work you put in to making these videos for us. Lots of love and God bless!! btw... I enjoyed your version of "Merry Little Christmas"! Not to mention all the other little jingles you share in your bloopers. 🎶🥰🎵

[@John-ed2wj]

This channel has definitely been my best subscription this year.

[@paulalexandredumasseauvan2357]

love the christmas setting, love the sweater, love the briefing, LOVE THE BLOOPERS MOST OF ALL! 😂 "merry christmas 🎄 to all and to all a good night!" see you next year 🙂

[@sentientdesign295]

Thank you Dr. Becky, as always, you deliver succinct, well explained space news. Have a very merry Christmas.

[@eliasmondino]

loved the news channel -ish style on this one, the light the voice the pace the production. Not that anything of that is really needed, but perfect for special occasions

[@fishnsyd]

You’ve got me just as excited for JWST!

[@nicolasblume1046]

The break through in fusion is great! But it the media coverage was problematic: often it was claimed in the headlines that there was more energy produced than comsumed, but this is only if you ignore the massive amount of energy needed to run the lasers. This was often not mentioned in the media unfortunately

[@davidbrydon4288]

I assume that extra energy covers the energy that gravity would give in natural fusion in a star. If that’s so then fusion will never happen.

[@johnbennett1465]

@@davidbrydon4288 incorrect. The lasers are very inefficient. Something like 100 watts of energy goes into them for each watt of laser output. The rest is lost as waste heat, running cooling systems, etc.

[@lokilawson]

@@davidbrydon4288 actually the energy could end up self sustaining if one were to balance the influx of hydrogen to the creation rate of helium. One would harvest off a portion of the excess energy for our use, leaving enough energy to continue the reaction. This is what she meant by ignition. More energy came off the fusion reaction than was consumed by forcing the atoms together. The problem, as it were, was that the lasers used to initiate ignition are consuming energy just to run them. And that consumption in this particular instance was way more than the yield. It actually isn’t much of a problem. The issue here is that scaling everything up to a level that it would actually be useful is years, and a lot of innovations away. This news is exciting as a milestone, but it really isn’t all that surprising. We sort of knew we would get here. It is just that here is a very long way from the finish line.

[@ivoivanov7407]

​@@davidbrydon4288 The experiment was dome by old and very inefficient lasers (300 MJ in, just 2 MJ out),. But, there are some good news - according to my colleagues that are into lasers technology, today's best lasers would require not 300 MJ but "just" 100 MJ. That is still way off the goal, but a big step into the right direction.

[@martynspooner5822]

Yes that is something I completely over looked or to more fair didn't even think about until this video pointed it out. But should be no surprises the press is aways sensationalist by its nature.

[@argyem6688]

OMG, I LOOOVE your Christmas jumper! Merry Christmas and Happy New Year, Becky. You are a beautiful person, in every sense for which I have data. 🙂 And thanks for the heads-up about the ISS. Wouldn't want any confusion. 😉

[@williamfabuien1125]

Love ya Dr Becky, keep the awesome videos rolling into the new year.

[@andymelendez9757]

Your enthusiasm is contagious!

[@bobpgeorge8985]

Didnt know about the 300 MJ requirement for firing the laser in the nuclear ignition experiment. There seems to a very long way to go before making any commercial use of fusion energy. Love the channel for the awesome explanations. Thank you so much for making it simple and understandable.

[@IRGeamer]

I've heard multiple physicist say that large scale fusion energy production has been "20 years away" for 70 years now.

[@markhorton3994]

@@IRGeamer As important as achieving ignition is we are STILL 20 years from large scale fusion energy production.

[@IRGeamer]

@@markhorton3994 "we are STILL 20 years from large scale fusion energy production" Was there a reason you just restated my point?

[@fsdds1488]

@@IRGeamer There were a few problems that lead to this, undereatimation of funding, fundamental flaws in Tokamak design, and the fact that there's simply not enough fuel to begin with makes it extremely hard to actually achieve the objectives on time.

[@thevindictive6145]

Heard they are about 20 years away from commercial viability.

[@jamesgreenler8225]

We've been seeing some great meteorite falls lately. I'm trained to collect in field data to help recover witnessed falls. Taking measurements using video images where we see a meteorite causing shadows from objects like street signs ect . We use doplar radar if we have covered and that usually does the trick but sometimes we have to triangulation using anything we can . Alot of people think they can tell how far away meteorites land when they seem them go over the horizon. They get really mad at me when I tell them they can't and that its an optical illusion that the meteroid went over the horizon. If I say I saw something and how far away it was its because I could actually tell . Most people don't understand that .

[@stuartmanstible-cutlass8425]

Merry Christmas Dr Becky. Thank you sooo much for the tip off RE the ISS this Christmas morning. I've never seen it before and it went down an absolute treat with the kids! Very convincing indeed as you say! X

[@alanguile8945]

I didn't think I would see someone jumping with such happiness over redshift 20! Love the enthusiasm, have a great Christmas and it is a beautiful tree!

[@EatCheese11]

Impressive stuff from Webb.

[@spacetime3]

Can't believe it's been a year since the launch !! Still, JWST bringing out so much cool data I love it it's more than I could ever hope for, and it's the first year! Like if redshift 20 galaxy is confirmed I mean its insane 180 million years is so soon after the cosmic microwave background and should we even expect much structure. I wonder if there would be any evidence of primordial black holes, Direct collapse black holes...will we get an answer for things like the mass of TON-618. So cool.

[@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721]

Oh my god, I didn't hear until now that they achieved nuclear fusion ignition! I'm glad that this channel keeps me up-to-date on the news I care about.

[@franks3593]

Dr. Becky, thank you for your insights, excitement, and informative updates! I wish you and yours a joyous holiday season, and nice singing voice BTW.

[@williamlazenby314]

I'm hopeful for viable commercial fusion within less than two decades. Technology has been shown to grow exponentially. With better AI and even faster computers constantly being developed it's only a matter of time. The race between technology and climate change has truly begun.

[@TonyVallad]

Yep, I think the same. The way things are going I'm really hopeful we get some AMAZING technology really really soon. Much sooner than most people think. I'm still having a hard time believing it myself but it's wonderful to see ! And I'm not even talking about science discoveries and new theories that will come up in the next years, it's going to be mind-blowing !

[@skierpage]

No, climate change is winning by far. We have to almost completely stop burning fossil fuel long before fusion will make a dent. "The GCP's estimates put the remaining carbon budget for 1.5C - specifically, the amount of CO2 that can still be emitted for a 50% chance of staying below 1.5C of warming - at 380bn tonnes of CO2 (GtCO2). At the current rate of emissions, this budget would be blown in just nine years."

[@Styphon]

I don't need a "Mr. Fusion" for my car, but ample clean energy to charge it with would be great.

[@jschreiber6461]

Great commentary on the fusion energy payback. The core reaction did indeed produce considerably more energy than was injected by the lasers, and that should be the main focus. The issue around how much energy was used to produce the ignition energy laser pulse is a distraction. Lasers have ALWAYS been terribly inefficient, maybe this could be done with somewhat more efficient LED lasers, and all the supporting electronics made less wasteful, however that is a different issue. Other researchers using alternative more efficient ignition methods, particularly private ones, should be hugely encouraged by this result.

[@Dr.RiccoMastermind]

Wow, best Chrsitmas pullover! One that I actually like ☺️ Merry Christmas, Dr. Becky! 🎅

[@beatesiefer5639]

Thank you for your enthusiastic videos. Enjoy your well deserved time off! Love the bloopers at the end, by the way ...

[@shreesumanchaudhary772]

Yes, She is unique ❤️❤️ Thanks for your passion so that we can learn and explore a lot , PhD scholar astrophysics IIT Hyderabad .. Wanna meet you once

[@Birkguitars]

I am not actually a regular star gazer but I do enjoy the videos and I actually saw some of the Geminid meteors last week. I also saw the ISS go directly overhead a few years ago. For those who haven't seen it with the naked eye it is almost unfeasibly bright and fast and at first I thought it was an aircraft. We had an app on the phone to identify but once you have seen it you will always recognise it. Well worth a look for anyone up that early.

[@amanhaf]

Your explanation of the nuclear reaction was the best I've seen by far, please keep doing these videos!

[@DrBecky]

Thank you! Glad you enjoyed it

[@KuruGDI]

Dr. Evil would proud of the Livermore Laboratory and their use of "Lasers"

[@MultiSteveB]

28:40 Proof that Dr. Becky is part Cat. :D

[@adamc1966]

I loved watching her play with the tree. 🥰

[@Carrinthe]

I'm going to say it: In 40 years time the latest nobel prize winner that made the final breakthru making nucular fusion commercially viable is going to say: "I watched Dr. Becky on KZbin when I was 10 and she got me into nuclear science "

[@bassManDavis1953]

Thank you so so much Becky for all of your wonderful sessions and wishing you a very happy Christmas and a wonderful 2023. So Looking forward to another year of your beautiful voice. Much peace and love to you xxxx Gary

[@simonf8370]

Thank you for such great content Dr. Becky. Your enthusiasm is infectious. Have a great Christmas break!

[@GreatBigBore]

I hate to be the bearer of bad news, but efficient fusion won’t solve any problems. The problem doesn’t lie in how to generate electricity. The problem is in how we govern ourselves. Mark my words, even when we get efficient fusion, nothing in the world will change: the rich will continue to get richer and more powerful while the poor get poorer. It’s time for major reform. Actually it’s probably too late

[@adamc1966]

True. Politics will be first and foremost. 👍

[@Systox25]

Cheap and reliable fusion could help with the climate and probably wars. But like always. Only the richest profit from this the most.

[@davidpierce9065]

If that's true, you should revolt!

[@StuartAylward]

£££ the root of all humanities problems

[@johnmccallum9106]

The rich will benefit but the poor may also. If the poor get less poor will it truly matter if the rich are still rich?

[@mroutcast8515]

Happy Holiday, Becky! 🎅 Thank your for yet another year of amazing space content!

[@AG-io5wr]

The night sky. Always awe inspiring.

[@StarCitizenJorunn]

Aww the space Christmas carol at the end was the best! Happy Holidays Dr Becky!

[@milt7348]

Thank you Dr. B. Been a wonderful year with you. Stay safe.

[@rodddossantos1437]

Merry Xmas Dr. Becky! Thank you for all your illuminating work and amazing enthusiasm! I try and tell everyone I know, you’re just the best!!

[@MrAndroidData]

"im so northern" love it, bloopers are brilliant, and you can sing

[@ThebigScience]

It is a pleasure to follow you here on youtube. I love JWST and therefor the news you tell about it. I have even build a JSWT myself with 18 Nanoleaf hexagon panels :) So, i also wish i could have that awesome t-shirt in my size.. sadly for me they run out. Anyway... thank you for your great videos. I hope i could here from you someday that we have found them, the others Greatings from the Netherlands! Merry Christmas and till next year!

[@recifebra3]

Thanks again for all your posts!! Merry Xmas!

[@versedi]

Merry Christmas wishing everything best. Loved this episode, hyped about future of JWST.

[@dannylukic6536]

That's such an awesome jumper! Merry Christmas 🎅

[@Odin029]

According to a researcher who retired from Lawrence Livermore, that laser system was chosen because it had the best mix of reliability, controlability, and power output, not because it was the most efficient. That laser used fairly old technology even when it first built and installed. So I'm excited about the fusion ignition because now it becomes more of an engineering problem than a scientific one, and engineers work fast when there are dollar signs dancing around in their eyes.

[@skierpage]

It's hard to rush multiple engineering challenges. More efficient lasers is just a small part of the problem. E.g. the hohlraum target that ignited is a gold canister containing a precision-manufactured pellet of DT fuel, both very expensive. Even if you could somehow ignite one 10 times a second, the fuel cost is very high.

[@fernandochoucate5784]

I love it. All the best Bec. Take care and enjoy your break.

[@DavidOwensuk]

Awesome job this year Dr Becky, happy Christmas!

[@martynspooner5822]

Thanks for everything, I couldnt even put into words how much I love your channel.

[@LikeOnATree]

Thanks for your videos Dr. Becky!! Merry Christmas and Happy New Year to you!!

[@autohmae]

I had watched multiple 'science communicators' on KZbin talk about the nuclear fusion ignition and still you told me something important I didn't know yet. PS last time we say you in Christmas clothes was nerve wrecking but also happiness !

[@jojo-pk]

Night Sky News has got to be my favorite format on this channel :)

[@DrBecky]

Glad you like it!

[@cipedead0777]

Have a good and safe Christmas & New Year. I have loved all your video you have got me to look up so much, thank you.

[@robertfallows1054]

Super video. Some of things you explained were answers and details I had never heard before. Plus your reactions to the newly discovered red shifts were very funny.

[@pistitoth1363]

Boldog karácsonyt kívánunk!

[@simonb467]

Always a pleasure to watch and such great info, thank you Dr Becky and a very merry Christmas to you and your family ☃️🎅

[@ronhudson3730]

Beautiful tree and sweater (jumper?) That’s a lot of presents! Merry Christmas to you Dr. Becky. Have a great holiday and a Happy New Year.

[@Mtnsunshine]

Merry Christmas, 🎄 Dr. Becky. May you have a wonderful holiday. Thank you for all you share here. It is truly fascinating and appreciated.🙏👍

[@nickscurvy8635]

I didn't think I'd live to see the day we would achieve fusion ignition. This is such a big deal and blessed time to be alive.

[@tycannah4271]

You confirmed the cause of Zodiacal light during those bloopers. Thanks for a great year of updates.

[@jorjafoxluvr]

Merry Christmas! ps Love your songs at the end They make my week :)

[@humbladybug70]

Love!!! Your "bloopers" especially your song.

[@thecroft6070]

Merry Christmas & Happy New Year to you, Dr. Becky. Your channel is superb.

[@Zonker66]

Happy Christmas, Dr. Becky. Thank you for your channel.

[@randys5740]

Another great episode Dr Becky.

[@RobofGabriola]

That was a wonderful video! Thank you for your enthusiasm. The news lately often boggles the mind. When I hear reference to Redshifts of >13 it makes my head spin.

[@skinnyjohnsen]

Tank you Dr. Becky! I wish you and yours a merry Christmas and a happy new year -:)

[@jpe1]

I still remember when I was 10 years old and my mom got me up at 3:30am on an August night to show me the “Great Hexagon.” I had forgotten Capella’s name since then, so thank you for the reminder, I look at that asterism and reminisce about mom every time I see it in the sky. BTW, you forgot Beetlejuice in Orion, right at the center of the hexagon.

[@rickcreamer8193]

Thank you for all of the information that you provide for your viewers! Have a very Merry Christmas and a happy New Year holidays! 😊

[@andrejkocsis4671]

Hey Doc! Merry Christmas and Happy New Year to you!

[@franmurillo6960]

merry christmas Dr. Becky🎉, i recently joined to your channel and i enjoy and learn a lot with you

[@AnonimityAssured]

I love your enthusiasm. (So Northern!) It doesn't surprise me that you can sing.

[@johndd9140]

Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year to you too, Dr B 😁

[@myaccount6487]

Happy Christmas. Happy New Year. Happy star gazing. Happy happy happy x

[@arch454]

Merry Christmas and Happy New Year. what a year with the JWST (and all the others) what wonders lie in the future

[@maksphoto78]

Wow Becky, you're awesome for bringing these news to us. Love your enthusiasm.

[@cbate2702]

Brilliant! First time viewer & will definitely be viewing next time... So have a good one, however you're celebrating ;)

[@jamessharier7529]

We're hunkering down for a blizzard here in NE Ohio but hopefully the sky will clear out for awesome viewing. Merry Christmas Dr B