Which DNA test is best? Whole Genome Sequencing, Whole Exome Sequencing, and Genotyping - EXPLAINED

Trying to decide on what kind of DNA test to get? Confused over the many consumer offerings and about what your doctor is telling you? This video contains everything you need to know. Here I compare whole genome sequencing, whole exome sequencing, and genotyping on: how much of the genome they cover, how they work, their cost, and what they can tell us.
00:00 Intro
00:30 Genomics review
01:55 Genome coverage
02:27 How they work
05:07 Cost
05:43 What they can tell us

[@mitkomitev7]

From a perspective a person that didnt know nothing about Genomics and DNA this video was amazing. You explain very clear and simple, and i think i have better understanding now what it is about. Good luck with your work. Greetings from Bulgaria!

[@sophitran]

Love your straight forward , easy to understand explanations of a complex matter . Please make more videos ! ❤️ A from the BayArea

[@JoseCastillo-wx6jd]

Excellent video, very clear. Thank you.

[@mattbrady130]

Thank you so much for making this video. I am doing a project in my masters program and this was a huge help!

[@moriahnoellesVblog]

Thank you for this explanation!

[@martinwhitney9343]

brilliant video, thank you

[@franzbuchel7295]

Excellent information! Could You explain Epigenetics in an other video and tell what test You would consider for that?

[@sebastianrodriguez1021]

It's an awesome video, Katharine. :) Txs By the way, can you make something similar but focused in microbial sequencing? Greetings from Ecuador.

[@KatharineME]

Thanks Sebastian, I'll keep microbial sequencing on my radar 👍.

[@mauriamazigh2964]

Your thoughs on Nebula Genomics and the transfer to YFull?

[@dbottrel]

What about “methylation genetic test”? Is this a 4th option or is it included in one of the three tests you mentioned? Thank you for your video. :)

[@carlloeber]

Great thank you.. have you done another video since this one?

[@KatharineME]

No but I have a bunch of good stuff coming, stay tuned ☺️

[@annac1678]

Thank you so much for your video! It's been so helpful. What do you think of Nebula for whole genome sequencing? It's much better priced than Guardiome. Or is there any other company you might recommend that is not over 1K?

[@KatharineME]

In general, I would say make sure you get 30X sequencing. Lower depth than that is sort of a waste. Nebula is cheaper, that's an upside. The downsides are the privacy concerns, the fact that they sequence in China, and issues around who keeps the data. Guardiome is more expensive because the service is completely private, all done in America, and we give you a custom analysis (meet with you to hear what you want to know about your genome). Hope that helps!

[@Prime9-67]

I have a question, for gene editing purposes, what gene test is needed in order to obtain all genes base pairs codings? I will like to know if there is a lab report that could point where is the mutation in a gene and the full base pairs gene/s codes in order to design a guide rna for Crispr cas9.

[@TheTobacko1]

My favorite company in this field is definitly INVITAE ❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤

[@86harbhajan]

Awesome

[@DanElton]

Great explanation! I want to get my genome sequenced, but trying to decide between providers. Looking at Nebula genomics right now.. not sure if I want to pay $1000 for the ultra high accuracy sequence or just $300 for the lower accuracy one (people say it's only 99% accurate). The $300 one seems like it would give me everything I want to see right now but the $1000 might be a better long-term investment.

[@lindyixchelsedona270]

I waited 5mths with Nebula 2 b told my sample was insufficient so I would have 2 start all over again!! ... got my money back - no thanks!! ....

[@james575730]

@@lindyixchelsedona270 did you try circledna instead?

[@lindyixchelsedona270]

@@james575730 do they do full genomic sequencing!!??

[@tylerkelly67]

Very interesting, thank you. WHO can help us read the results? I understand WGS needs to be interpreted by some kind of professional? Great video!

[@KatharineME]

Hey Tyler, my best recommendation is our Custom DNA Analysis at Guardiome: www.guardiome.com/custom-dna-analysis

[@thegreatconvergence8422]

I'm planning on taking a Nebula Genomics whole Genome sequencing what do you think?

[@phobe645]

Hi Katherine, At this time is it possible to use whole geneome sequencing & whole ecome sequencing in combination at present (5-24)?Your presentation was wonderful on many levels~~thank you!!

[@KatharineME]

Hi JC, yes it is possible. The whole exome has sequence data on the coding regions only (2% of genome) while whole genome obviously has sequence data on the whole genome. So the exome data is kind of a subset of the genome data. But you could use them together to increase confidence of variant calls in coding regions. Does that make sense?

[@JS-de8yi]

Thanks so much for a great answer😅 Katherine

[@e3.s.nro2tan75]

guardiome vs Nebula Genomics, which is better and uptodate?

[@djelalhassan7631]

Great

[@roczrocz3320]

Hello mam, My baby was recognized with hydrocephalus at the age of 3.5 months. She was proceeded with VP SHUNT surgery but she is no more now. Kindly guide us the procedure for going genetic test,whether it is necessary or not,if required what to do when we have no abovesaid samples with us.

[@joshdanao4987]

May I ask who or what company you would recommend to go to for if I want to get a whole genome sequencing test (specifically for ancestry?)?

[@KatharineME]

To be honest, for ancestry I think using the paper trail is much more accurate. There are services that will help you do that I believe, but I do not have experience with anyone in particular.

[@joshdanao4987]

@@KatharineME yeah fair enough, I mean I am doing my own research now, only problem is being away from the country of origin of my ancestors and having enough resources (money). Also, do you see any of the current genotyping companies (ancestry, 23andme, etc.) switching to whole genome sequencing in the near or distant future? Coz regarding database numbers, the former have a huge advantage.

[@ZangaroZen]

Excellent overview and explanation. Never heard of Guardiome. Will check them out. For WGS, I am considering: Dante Labs Nebula Genomics Sequencing Which is best? Some have hefty monthly/annually subscription costs. Want a WGS that is economical, has full access to the raw data, and continuous access to new research.

[@Snowshoe2014]

Has anyone tried one of the companies listed for suggesting WGS

[@nomadicexplorers]

Did you choose one?

[@jtxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx]

The cost of WGS has recently (late 2022) gone down a lot, under $200 sometimes, for 30x coverage they claim

[@KatharineME]

Hi Juan, yes. In the case where you can max out the sequencing machine with samples on each run and you don't need to pay the people doing the DNA extraction, library prep, sequencing, and data QC, then I think $200 is achievable.

[@organicjuice]

I encountered this question in a molecular exam and I could not find a clear answer online. Maybe you can help me with it. What percentage of cancer is caused by an Exon mutation?

[@KatharineME]

I think the reason you could not find a clear answer is because it's difficult definitively say that X mutation in Y exon caused Z cancer, especially if the mutation is somatic. The development and progression of cancer is complex. We do know however that roughly 5-10% of cancer are caused by an inherited germline mutation (but these metric doesn't represent exonic mutations only)

[@organicjuice]

@@KatharineMEThanks for taking the time to answer my question 😊

[@user-xx7or5qg8u]

Do all the whole genome sequencing companies charge a monthly fee to access one's DNA results?

[@KatharineME]

Many do. Or for example they will charge a subscription for access to their analysis suites. Guardiome is the only company I know of that does everything up front, gives you all your data, and doesn't keep your data.

[@GH-fi8vc]

What if some one want to check for cousin marriage.. which test is best for them?

[@KatharineME]

Hello, it looks like SecuriGene does this kind of test. I don't have experience with them so I'm unsure of the quality. I don't know whether or not they will return your data to you, or whether they would share your data with other companies. We do relationship testing at Guardiome as well, but with full privacy. You can get a quote by emailing [e-mail].

[@e3.s.nro2tan75]

Will lifestyle or habits like yoga, mediation can change whole genome sequence? Is there a potential of our lifestyle habits like drinking, exercising change our whole genome sequence or it is constant and timeless, no matter what you do it never changes?

[@magiv4205]

No, your genome is not going to change unless your cells suffer catastrophic damage on the chromosomal level, for example through extreme radiation poisoning. But certain lifestyles or environmental influences can influence the EXPRESSION of your genome, or what we call epigenetics. Fitness, yoga and meditation are certainly healthy, but they can't save you from cancer.

[@KatharineME]

Hi all, I'll just add a few details. It's true, you cannot change your germline DNA sequence. You were born with it and it is in all of your cells. Things you do in life can affect your epigenetics (which is how your genes are expressed) and can cause somatic mutations. Somatic mutations are mutations to your genome that occur in individual cells. Some of these mutations can make the cell divide uncontrollably, leading to cancer. Smoking for example can cause these types of somatic mutations. Overall, living healthy can help prevent some types of cancer and other diseases, so it's a good idea ☺️.

[@lillillikins]

*except b cells that have undergone vdj recombination to generate antibody diversity.

[@lillillikins]

They have slightly different DNA to the rest of your body's cells.

[@heathercutburth2363]

Can any of these tell if you have a auto immune disease

[@KatharineME]

Yes, some autoimmune diseases. The idea is, once you have your genome sequence, you can take advantage of all genomic links to autoimmune disease as they are discovered by the community. When a paper comes out that links gene X to autoimmune disease Y. You can check your gene X sequence to find out if you may have disease Y.

[@Andre-ym6ep]

Damn you cute😊