Koxinga - Chinese Pirate Who Fought European Colonization

Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the history of China continues with a video on Koxinga. This admiral became the pirate king of China and fought the Dutch Empire and the Qing dynasty. The episode covers the battles of Lialuo Bay and Fort Zeelandia.
Zheng He's Floating City: When China Dominated the Oceans: • Zheng He's Floating Ci...
Why the Ottomans Never Colonized America: • Zheng He's Floating Ci...
Previous episodes on Chinese History: • Chinese History
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Art: Nargiz Isayeva
Animation: Agarahim Ibrahimov
Script: Leo Stone
Narration: Officially Devin ( / @offydgg & / @gameworldnarratives )
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Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: www.epidemicsound.com
#Documentary #Koxinga #DutchEmpire

[@KingsandGenerals]

Let's form our own navy: www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals

[@anastasiaa9255]

Hey 👋

[@mdmiloy5897]

Do you know kings and genarals arabians were vassals of ottomans. please add arabian paninsula in ottoman map please. Replay soon kings and genarals

[@mdmiloy5897]

Do you agre with me kings and genarals. pkease said your artist please to add arabian paninsula in ottoman map please.

[@rmz9309]

Hi, I've been watching you since the King and Generals Turkey War of Independence in 2017 you could do the serial please

[@mdmiloy5897]

Kings and genatals when you make last epesode of 30 years war and please add full OTTOMAN map in the last epesode of 30 years war and add full arabian paninsula in ottoman map pkease. please repaly my comment !

[@murderouskitten2577]

So a half Japanese half Chinese son of a pirate turned Admiral leads a force of Samurai , Chinese soldiers and Afrikan Gunner's - and they say fiction is not grounded in real life.

[@terryhsiao1745]

Not many Japanese were left by that time

[@ddwkc]

Don't forget the random English samurai who just show up in the history for a little while! I guess modern world is too contaminated with nationalism and identity politics, but the past was a clusterfuck of all sorta people.

[@sihhaoo]

Taiwan in a nutshell.

[@murderouskitten2577]

@Tango Zulu especially the german 😂

[@murderouskitten2577]

@my name is my name i would watch that if amazon would make it.

[@abcdef27669]

Destroy the Ming fleet, and them become the Ming main naval force. STONKS

[@hellothere4858]

That seems to be a pattern for chinese pirates

[@FD_Stalker]

@@hellothere4858 No, it seems to be a pattern of entire Chinese history -- even who tired to destroy or conquer China, all became China at the end...

[@TheZachary86]

FD_Stalker Everyone will be assimilated

[@asdfghjkl92213]

FD_Stalker thus this is the fate of the USA as well

[@ReviveHF]

Same thing goes to the Roman Empire even before 3rd century crisis.

[@chrisw7511119]

Can you believe that he is a mix of almost everything: half Chinese, half Japanese, descendants of pirate and samurai (from her mother's side), a scholar trained in Confucius doctrine, a great general and admiral, fierce pirate, a prince and a self-made king, even being a madmen to some degree. In short, he is such an intriguing person！

[@lkcdarzadix6216]

A true mad man

[@Thecognoscenti_1]

Don't forget that his realm was run like a business and specialised in trade.

[@azzurracupini6441]

Don't forget He had also a white dutch concubine too😉💖!!!!

[@undertheglassmoon2239]

And They said he is a moody man..

[@DJ-qr6dl]

@@azzurracupini6441 you think that's funny? You clearly don't understand how messed up that was.

[@Zantides]

"Really fun episode!", tell that to the guys on bottom of the sea

[@mdmiloy5897]

Please add full ottoman map in last epesode of 30 years war and add full arabian paninsula in ottoman map and full arabian paninsula was vassals of ottomans and said that all artist please agre with me and do that and replay soon

[@mdmiloy5897]

@Gluten Orm 3 nd era

[@mdmiloy5897]

@Gluten Orm 3 world war will came soon!

[@blindtherapper2470]

@GoodGirlKate the joke or the bottom?

[@ef3001]

Gluten Orm "Donald Trump will probably end up in a Gulag". Don't get our hopes up for nothing...

[@user-kt1lh5sz1i]

All hail Kings and Generals, henceforth renamed Kings and Admirals

[@janwouter5215]

Emperors and admirals.

[@improvementjourney7075]

Admirals are generals

[@misterfishman7897]

_Captains_ and admirals

[@janwouter5215]

@@misterfishman7897 that doesn't make sense

[@user-kt1lh5sz1i]

@@Georgios1821 So are everyone

[@dominicperez3777]

Koxinga also raided several towns in the Philippines and threatened to invade Manila if the Spanish didn't pay tribute to him. The situation was so bad for the Spanish that they had to end their plan to colonize Mindanao and give up their colonies at the Maluku Islands. However this invasion never took place due to Koxinga's death.

[@rodrigogimenez-ricolaguna4913]

Spain didnt left The Philippines, nor payed tribute to nobody

[@XuerLi]

Another reason was that Koxinga received news that there were some massacres happened there by the Spanish colonists against migrant Chinese population.

[@rodrigogimenez-ricolaguna4913]

@@XuerLi Spain didnt have Colonies. All those territories, from Naples to Flandes, from Chile to the Philippines they were Spain and thier habitants were just citicens of Spain.

[@earlibre0420]

@@rodrigogimenez-ricolaguna4913 I live here in the Philippines and you, my friend, don't know what you are saying.

[@user-qv5cs4lc9t]

I wonder what had the Philippines look like now if he did invade and succeed, I mean majority will be Buddhist, a new Ming Dynasty will be established there and everyone will be Chinese for sure. Maybe it will be Taiwan but stronger and bigger?

[@Jasta85]

Koxinga - "Hey Dutch, this other fort surrendered so we executed all the men and enslaved the women. Do you want to surrender too?" Dutch - "No" Koxinga - *surprised pikachu face*

[@axolotl-guy9801]

ok, your funny, using enslaved people as a joke... 😂🤣

[@DogFoxHybrid]

Dutch should have drawn and quartered him for that kind of treachery.

[@Emilechen]

@@axolotl-guy9801 of course, Koxinga is not a pirate, only his father is, Koxinga is a mandarin and general, he will not mistreat women like that,

[@zetos4440]

@@axolotl-guy9801 lol butthurt

[@axolotl-guy9801]

@@Emilechen Well I mean, It's was not any western countrie his or her bisnusses at all, the Dutch had now right. But I don't like this persons humour.

[@DragonballBlack]

The Chinese, African and Samurai Warriors TOGETHER is pretty cool. This would be an awesome movie.

[@sparda11]

Samurai were definitely not fighting as pirates, although the Japanese pirates (though they were few in actuality within the wokou) did possess prowess in swordsmanship and spear usage, they were definitely not samurai.

[@excessiveone9952]

@@sparda11 probably former Samurai or Ronin who lost their masters. Although stealing and killing is allowed

[@ricanredru4760]

Stories like this is what scares the bejesus out of white nationalist in the USA or the West

[@MarkSeiler]

@@ricanredru4760 why would you say that? You do realize that the USA does on the books business with some of the most morally questionable people on the planet... let alone their off the books deals with so called enemies of the state. Why does race have to enter the equation? Sounds like someone bought into the nonsensical propaganda...

[@ricanredru4760]

@@MarkSeiler you're missing the point. There's people that will deliberately lie about their own countries history just to never empower certain people or communities.

[@jevinliu4658]

Koxinga: Surrender and I'll leave you unharmed Fort 1: *Surrenders* Koxinga: *Sacks Fort 1* Fort 2: *Does not surrender* Koxinga: *Surprised Pikachu face*

[@markhenley3097]

In Europa Universalis IV you get an event mentioning him as a European country, when you control land in the East Indies.

[@daisyftw]

Unbelievable we get taught 0 about these stories in history class. EU IV does a much better job. I wasnt aware of Murat Reis until I played EU IV.

[@louiscasteran6298]

And also the forming event of the kingdom of tungning in taiwan, once the ming have mingxploded

[@Argacyan]

# Eu4 gang

[@lucimicle5657]

@Argacyan We are everywhere there is history!

[@midshipman8654]

poguemahone tbf there are a lot of secoundary events like this in history that are interesting, but not necessarily vital to know. if we learned about each of the events like this one, history classes would move through 1 year of history every irl school year!

[@josephdee4649]

"Taiwan was always meant to be a temporary base from where he could strike back to retake the mainland" Sound just like the KMT a few decades ago looool History repeating itself 300 year later.........

[@anantakandaka5096]

The ROC is much like the Ming Dynasty - a native regime. However, the Qing Dynasty brought "foreign people" (the Manchus) into China, while the PRC brought "foreign idea" (communism) into China. And to your surprise, you might find it interesting that Emperor Pu Yi, the last Qing Emperor and his royal house became strong supporters of communism.

[@whitelen7466]

@@anantakandaka5096 Republicanism and Liberal democracy is also a foreign idea lmao.

[@atoll8423]

@@anantakandaka5096 Didn't Pu Yi join fascist powers to become the head of Manchukuo puppet state? Even converting to worship Amaterasu?

[@lishiping84]

反攻大陆！ Well probably it's all squares to you but it is the motto for KMT AND means retake the mainland,

[@yourrain2587]

@@anantakandaka5096 ??? What??? How do you write that sentence with a straight face? You're claiming because Communism was a foreign idea, PROC is illegitimate but Republic of China was founded on the another foreign ideology of Democratic republicanism???? This is illogical!

[@hyltoniali257]

The Dutch calling of KoxinGa is originated from GuoXingYe in Chinese meaning: "the man who was granted with the royal surname of the Ming court, Zhu/ Chu

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

its actually "Kok-sèng-iâ" in Hokkien POJ. that was the predominant spoken language during that era there

[@brainwashington1332]

@@xXxSkyViperxXx just to point out that Hokkien is the dialect spoken in Fujian province, Hokkien (福建) is the pronunciation of Fujian (福建) in the Fujian dialect.

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

@@brainwashington1332 hokkien is a chinese language of the southern Min family. it is the most famous among the other Min languages because of its reach overseas, hence it is the one that naturally got its name from the name of the entire province. sometimes it is also called as Fukien or Fookien or sometimes as Minnan. the naming dispute is hard to resolve because using Minnan is also not specific enough. Minnan or Southern Min also includes Teochew which is also a different unintelligible sister language located in the outskirts of Fujian in Guangdong province. Hainanese is also included in the same family branch but located far away in Hainan island near Vietnam and Guangdong province. chinese languages are mostly not intelligible with each other and in themselves have dialects of their own. the Taiwanese dialect of Hokkien, for example is only a dialect compared to dialects of Hokkien in mainland China and in multiple countries in Southeast Asia.

[@Ryanjelly22]

@@xXxSkyViperxXx This should be one of the top comments.

[@brainwashington1332]

@@xXxSkyViperxXx I speak Hokkien actually, my step mom is Teochew and it is very similar to Hokkien (Teochew is the Cao Zhou Hua pronunciation of Cao Zhou). As for Fukien or Fookien, they are the Cantonese (Guang Dong Hua) pronunciation of Hokkien. Regardless in which dialect it is spoken, 福建 (Fujian) means the same thing and is written the same, 福 means prosperous and 建 means health. Yes, they all belong to the Minnan family of dialects. Cantonese belongs to the Yue group of dialects which I also speak.

[@huyung8478]

The signature "Zheng" on the peace treaty kept in The Hague Museum in the Netherlands. This is his official name. Interestingly, because the Spanish slaughtered Chinese businessmen in Manila, he also planned to attack Manila. However, his life had been harassed by tropical diseases and he died soon after.

[@u-tone1997]

Human generals: I'm unstoppable Virus, germs and parasites: Hold my beer

[@apedemak23]

Thanks for this video! Dutch Formosa is never really covered by history books in the Netherlands, as the focus of colonial history is more on Indonesia, Suriname and the Antilles. I knew a bit about some pirate king capturing it from the Dutch and handing it over to the Chinese empire, but not much more than that. This video has been very revealing.

[@williamyao5317]

assume it is because there are more ppl from those nations who are currently living in Holland

[@ninjamonkey2251]

"I have an idea. Let's betray our word and convince the enemy they can't trust us. Then they'll surrender for sure!" -70% of commanders.

[@Anwoo]

This was never heard informations about Koxinga during the transition from Ming to Qing dynasty. good content!

[@user-nc5yc9es6j]

hi i'm your subscriber. didn't expect to see your comment here.

[@shappi99]

Though it’s pretty well known in the Chinese speaking world, of course 😛

[@sihhaoo]

he's basically the sole reason how, in the first place, Taiwan was connected with China, and Japan lol... the other funny rumors to know is, his lieutenant Chen is allegedly one of the founders of Tiandihui (nowadays Triad), as a continuation of resisting Manchurian ruling over Han chinese after the forces of Koxinga was properly defeated by Qing.

[@frankincensemerchant1284]

On a side note you guys should do a video on the Axum-Himyarite War(Total War has units for both btw lol).

[@KingsandGenerals]

It is perpetually on the list, need to get to it. :-)

[@abthedragon4921]

@@KingsandGenerals cool

[@awa359]

Indeed and before it Shiba Empire

[@frankincensemerchant1284]

@@yasinibrahim I suggested that a while back I think they will do it as part of their Ottoman series(Ottomans where involved after all). The Axum-Himyarite War is more plausible at the moment due to the conflict featuring in Total War something Kings and Generals use often in their videos.

[@juliuscaesar8925]

I know I would love to see that

[@szzzx8935]

Koxinga= 国姓爷, literally means "The Lord with Emperor's Family Name". His real name is Zheng Cheng Gong, Cheng Gong = succeed or achieve honor. Also, today there is one district in Xia Men (a city in Fujian province) called "Si Ming", which means missing or thinking the Ming :(

[@josephtangtaipei]

"外國人則稱他為國姓爺(Koxinga)" 台灣這邊歷史教科書上寫的---三民出版社 普通高中歷史第一冊

[@ttytty6940]

Or you can direct translate his name into Success Zheng 😂😂his father name him Success 😂😂😂

[@szzzx8935]

@@josephtangtaipei 不是因为国姓+爷听起来吊么

[@Redeemed]

再说了，人家已经赐国姓了，就不应该叫 郑成功，而应该是朱成功。

[@barkingamer4225]

@@Redeemed that's not how it works

[@jmd45678]

Damn I felt like I was watching a miniseries. This was a great video

[@LuvBorderCollies]

Yeh, a ton of history which I'd never known, not even remotely. I had no idea the Dutch were on Taiwan or even fought with/against Chinese types at all.

[@bluemoondiadochi]

As a history buff, it's not every day i see something interesting that i have absolutely no idea about! Great job, it was an amazing video!

[@anaraschulz9814]

Qing Dynasty : *appears* The VOC : “This is getting out of hand, now there are two of them!”

[@TheTariqibnziyad]

Is the second Japan ?

[@bigbrothersinnerparty297]

Ibnziyad Tariq china

[@skepticalmagos_101]

VOC = Trade Federation XD

[@zehengzhang151]

Great Video! I'm from Xiamen, which used to be the base of Koxinga for a decade or two before he settled in Taiwan. There is actually a big statue of him in Xiamen. Also the primary school I went to was built next to Yanwu Pond, which used to be the pond Koxinga trained his naval force. Anyway, great video! Koxinga is a man with some interesting life story.

[@JahRandom]

By far my favorite channel on all of KZbin...keep it up Kings and Generals!!!

[@rudamachoo]

please, more podcasts in the webpage. they're amazing! :D as always, thank you for all your hard work. it's super appreciated

[@lordkiwi355]

Holy Cow this was an amazing story! how have I never heard this before?! Truly amazing work K&G!

[@juliuscaesar2861]

Zheng Chenggong is not a pirate, but his father, Zheng Zhilong, was. Koxinga was a loyalist of Ming Empire, who refused to surrender to Manchu, even after his father had already given himself up to the Qing.

[@VisualdelightPro]

Absolutely Corr3ct also the Manchu Qing are not Chinese they are expelled Tungusic anti human Luciferians.

[@breninowen2427]

I’ve been waiting for this episode! Thanks guys

[@teo5758]

This is one of the best episode of this channel !

[@lukezuzga6460]

Brilliant work Fellas! Thx.

[@yewsoonfatt]

Koxinga was not his name. His name is Zheng Cheng Gong. Kongxinga means "the lord with honor name given by emperor"

[@yoga5631]

Couldn't blame them iirc back then chinese people have about 3-5 names on them

[@yewsoonfatt]

@@Peichen01 this is a history channel, then it should reveal the full story so that people understand thoroughly, else those ppl from other region might get confused with the names of one same character. and we are not the believer of his temple or the sailors from the same era of his, so it is abundance to follow that way. Cheng Ho has been honored as San Bao Tan Jian as well, but we still call him Cheng Ho. and if you are right, we should not be calling the Chinese emperor's name like Qian Long or Yong Zheng, because that is just not respectful to the emperor. but why do we still call them that way? because your theory just doesnt work today. We are learning history here not worshipping some goddess or hero

[@ElCidLee]

His name would spell in Hokkien as Tenn sing kong, or Tenn sim better.

[@zeflute4586]

Koxinga (Hokkia) = Guo Xing Ye (Mandarin) =国姓爷/國姓爺

[@dunwumao]

你说的是对的。郑成功，本名郑森。赐姓朱，赐名成功，封延平君王，领招讨大将军。普通人不能乱叫他的新名字（朱成功），所以称呼为国姓爷。他的长官或同僚可以叫他新名（成功），但不会带上新姓（朱），一般称呼他郑成功，或延平郡王

[@LichsuhoathinhDrabattle]

Informative, nuanced and amazing narration. Keep up the amazing work! 💗🤞✨

[@justinvang561]

There is a solider who fought for the Dutch at Fort Zeelandia against Koxinga at the time named Albrecht Herport. This is what he said about the Ming Dynasty China "The Chinese knew how to make very effective guns and cannons, so that it’s scarcely possible to find their equal elsewhere".

[@user-fs9vp9io1h]

To clarify, a rebel leader Li Zicheng captured Beijing, which forced the emperor to commit suicide. The northern army of Ming who was fighting against the Manchus wanted to join the rebels. They were rejected. Their family received persecution by the rebels, which forced them to join the Qing. Li Zicheng was defeated.

[@joeketa6352]

Great video. I lived in Tainan City for seven years and read many accounts of the battles for Fort Zeelandia and of the Zheng dynasty. The Zheng family went through so much drama before and after arriving in Taiwan. It would make a compelling HBO series.

[@peasantmob1712]

The account of the battle against Coyett/Hollanders came mostly from the accounts of Coyett but I should mention there are other sourcing which described things differently. For example, in the first naval engagement described in 16:29, the Portuguese witness of the battle said that the Dutch lost not because of a lucky shot which caused their ship to explode, but because of Chinese fireships. Likewise for the engagement at the beach in 16:41, the Chinese account only said that they used 1000 men to directly participate in the battle, not 4000 as claimed by Coyett. The same account also blamed the Dutch defeat to Coyett, whereas Coyett's account blamed it on Captain Pedel.

[@KoenBoyful]

You always have 2 stories in history. And historians take all the cronicles and see which parts of all the cronicles makes sense and by that make a story on how it PROBABLY went. In this video I agree with everything. It is not Coyett who said it this way but also tens of eye witness Dutchmen who had it written in their diary. Some lie here in the Dutch Museum.

[@peasantmob1712]

@@KoenBoyful As far as I know the only Dutch contemporary account is from Coyett. The other sources I've read to cross-compare accounts comes from a Chinese writer who interviewed with Koxinga's generals (Jiang Ri Sheng), a Chinese eye-witness of the expedition (Ying Yang), a Portuguese eye-witness who tagged along with Koxinga during the expedition (Philip Meij), and from a B&R anonymous Spanish account. From what I've seen the video only relies on Coyett's account, and this is questionable because the purpose of Coyett's account, written by Coyett, was to exonerate Coyett for the loss of Formosa. If you know these other eye-witness accounts from the Dutchmen then please do share their names so I can look up their accounts.

[@user-ni9mj1km5j]

作为中国人，看到郑成功写下来的记录，葡萄牙人的记录是正确的

[@denniscleary7580]

Another great episode 👍

[@coaxb9965]

This is amazing history that doesn't get mentioned at all ! I find it completely beautiful !!

[@louiscarlotimkang8844]

Also please cover about the Chinese pirate named Lin Feng also known as "Limahong" in the history of the Philippines.

[@tonifrancisco417]

Up

[@ColoniaMurder20]

how about notorious visayan pirates in the philippines who brings terrors in coastal area in china during pre colonial?

[@matthewbryson6423]

What a fascinating story! An amazing presentation as well.

[@andreasleonardo6793]

Too nice history's video from excellent historic channel thanks for sharing

[@3mKay]

cool, I learn from my father than my father that my grandmother's ancestors 13 generations ago was a chinese pirate that settled in Thailand

[@anthonychan4338]

Shi Lang 施琅 deserved a mention, he was a talented officer in Koxinga’s fleet, but had issues with Koxinga’s son, when Shi left to work for the Qing, Koxinga had Shi’s father and son killed, motivating Shi to destroy the Koxinga clan. Shi became the commander in chief of the Qing fleets and led 300 warships and over 20K troops from Fujian Province to defeat the Koxinga clan at the Battle of Penghu (1683), and bringing Taiwan into the Qing empire.

[@XuerLi]

Shi Lang and his brother, as well as Gan Hui were three of the most fearsome generals under Koxinga, unfortunately Shi Lang had bad relationship with Koxinga and eventually surrendered to Qing, and Gan was killed in the siege of Nanjing.

[@lan250]

施琅 是最可惡的大漢奸

[@herosio270]

Shi Lang and Hong Chengchou were both traitors of the Han people, even though they were fellow countrymen of Koxinga who came from Quanzhou, Fujian.

[@AlphaOmegaGreece]

Very nice video well done! As a Greek mythology-history video creator myself i think such channels are a must in KZbin.Congratulations!

[@cooolbigguy]

Great video! I was fortunate to have visited some of the locations mentioned

[@jpstapylton]

You've really gone and outdone yourself with this one lads the graphics are outstanding! 👏🏻👏🏻

[@Zantides]

Should i feel bad for totally ignoring the video and playing total war instead atm lmao.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Yes

[@napoleonibonaparte7198]

Wonder what happened to the African soldiers of Koxinga...

[@hantingliu882]

They are blacknese now

[@vietviolar5850]

@@hantingliu882 A Chigga you mean.

[@johnjay5868]

@@hantingliu882 Not nice

[@imperialguardsman9867]

For I understood the soldiers of Koxing after their defeat against Qing(after his death) were integrated into Qing and many of them end up serving the dynasty in posts all over empire including in north against Russians. So thats kind interesiting.

[@jerryx3253]

Integration into the firearm branch of the Qing military.

[@Muguratiu]

As always, beautiful content. Things I would probably never have the ocasion to discover, I find here. Also, the artwork of late become increasingly beautiful. Thank you for this and keep it up! Signed: a curious European.

[@OrbitalAstronaut]

Really good video. Fun to watch.

[@cbrtdgh4210]

The Ming princes fled to Burma and Taiwan, from which remnants fought against the Qing. 400 years or so later, the KMT also fled to Burma and Taiwan, from which they fought against the CCP. I wonder whether KMT Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek was influenced by history.

[@shappi99]

Not many other places to go, really :D

[@photon1899]

I don't think he was. I mean Taiwan was basically his only possible option thanks to it being relatively free from Communist influence due to Japanese colonialism and the islands ethnic and cultural distinctiveness.

[@jerryx3253]

Also one thing in common, both were shit at managing the country in their later years. (massive scale of famine, diseases and inability to govern properly among political infightings)

[@cbrtdgh4210]

@@jerryx3253 Yes the KMT never managed to get a full grip on the chaos of the warlord era after the Qing. Still, the famine and death under their control pales in comparison to that caused by Mao and his social engineering projects.

[@cbrtdgh4210]

@@jerryx3253 between 15-55 million died in the great famine. Millions were persecuted during Mao's time, especially during the Cultural Revolution. Meanwhile, Taiwan thrived and prospered.

[@lesleylee3755]

Never thought I will hear Formosa and Zeelandia in English one-day (I literally live near the fort😂)

[@yoyo-vn3qd]

台南的朋友你好

[@nucks-bi8ph]

Taiwan has a very interesting history eh? Buncha pirates, LOL!

[@stacey_1111rh]

Excellently done

[@HondaFanboy]

Engaging, well paced, crafted and produced. Kudos! I about a part of Chinese andTaiwanese history that I probably never would have taken the time to learn.

[@napoleonibonaparte7198]

“Maybe we should reform, modernise and open up?” Said no one in the Ming or Qing courts.

[@VladislavDrac]

So convinced that they're above all else

[@MiguelLopez-yc2rh]

​@@aver_nestress4570 You say it like no eastern nation did the same during that time. Also, what about countries like Switzerland?

[@cockatyusha2359]

@@mq7447 who says that Qing didn't modernise? The Ming merely reverse engineered some European cannons and firearms. Meanwhile, late Qing also underwent socio-economic reforms modelled after the west. All the cutting edge weapons that the Beiyang clique armies possessed were also inherited from the Qing.

[@cockatyusha2359]

@@mq7447 I think that Qing society and government is more or less the same as the Ming, just different rulers. Neither dynasties can keep up with the west had they persisted with their neo Confucian policies. Mere intellectual exchanges with the Jesuits won't be sufficient. I think that significant advancements were only made around the time of and since the may forth movement where western institutions and ideas like liberalism, republicanism and socialism began to spread.

[@sharadowasdr]

Chinese pirates during this whole time : "How many times do we have to teach you a lesson old man !"

[@dannywong4002]

During the 16th. century, Ming China was still a naval power to be reckoned with. Before Coxinga gave the Dutch a thrashing, the Chinese had defeated the Portuguese in two battles, Battle of Sincouwaan & Battle of Tunmen.

[@georgeabraham5672]

Awesome as always

[@yao842]

Wow. Really interesting. thank you.

[@XuerLi]

Zheng Zhilong was just a pirate businessman, unlike his son he didn't receive any proper confucian education, he was never a Ming loyalist, he had strong military forces in Fujian but refused the orders from Longwu emperor of fighting against the Qing, instead he took a large portion of his troops and surrendered to Qing.

[@unifieddynasty]

You guys should totally do a video on the southern Ming remnants in Yunnan and the coast. And include that Polish priest who went back to ask the Pope for help against the Qing.

[@scponyoutube313]

Another great video

[@philandeswilliams1975]

All your videos are good. This is one of the best; the sea is in that family's blood!

[@wulffhe4102]

Loving the Three Kingdoms background music!

[@jomni]

Interesting times. There’s also this Japanese lord named Yamada Nagamasa who served the Thai / Siamese Kingdom of Ayutthaya. Ayutthaya also employed Europeans to man their artillery. Asia at that time was more cosmopolitan than we think.

[@xygog2408]

Chinese, Indians and Arabs have settled in SE Asia since ancient times. I figure Japanese emigrated to the Philippines too. At the end of Ming dynasty, European colonialism has reared its ugly in SE Asia too.

[@larshofler8298]

Asia has always been cosmopolitan since the medieval times... Europeans were very late to the party, mostly because they lived in the remote northwest corner of the continent...

[@user-pd9ju5dk5s]

Pick up a history book. Ayutthaya was once one of the richest cities in the world. Angkor was also a very large and metropolitan city. Japan was also WAY more metropolitan than the Portuguese when they arrived in Japan. Portugal's population was only 2 million while Spain's was 8 million. Meanwhile Japan was 18 to 26 million. If wasnt for the firearm technology, the West might not have been so successful

[@bmona7550]

There is a reason why the Chinese and the Japanese regarded the Europeans at the time as barbarians as well. They had poor hygiene compared to Asians at the time, took over land because Europe was a sh*thole, and wasn’t as rich in resources. That’s all it is to it. If you look at last history, the most prosperous and peaceful times were in Asia specifically South East Asia. If you were from anywhere else, you would have experienced things like constant war, raids, failed alliances and genocide. Those things happened as well but not the same extent as in Europe and regions around Europe

[@user-pd9ju5dk5s]

@@bmona7550 Aside from Greek and Romans, the rest of Europe was considered barbarian backwaters.

[@VictorNobrega1986]

Excellent work 👌👍😀

[@axolotl-guy9801]

Nice video!

[@beachboy0505]

History lessons never learnt: privateers always turn against their master lol

[@TheGhostOperative]

you cant make someone do your dirty job then expect deference. the viking sagas will tell you that.

[@admontblanc]

Which is why Portugal ever barely employed them.

[@yip2454]

This needs to be made into a movie

[@haitaoliu9743]

Great work. Hard to believe, that I, a Chinese, would learn so much about this legendary pirates family in an English speaking youtube channel. Kudos to you.

[@coastsouljah]

This is very cool. Quite timely :)

[@Boatswain_Tam]

Excellent video and brilliant narration, as always. Just one thing, are you sure fort Zeelandia is not a Star Fort？Its showing as a round citadel.

[@nekomakhea9440]

"It's over, I have the high ground" - The Chinese upon seizing a redoubt overlooking your fortress

[@vonbalt4891]

@AIIUserNamesInvalid If only a certain jedi turncoat had thought that way too..

[@samfcarvalho]

Great episode

[@Crytica.]

Eindelijk een video over ons en dan is het over hoe wij worden gesloopt.

[@fredfrond6148]

This would make a great movie maybe even a mini series.

[@WingChunBoyz]

There’s a TVB series called Zheng Cheng Gong starring Ray Lui. It was made in the late 80’s/early 90’s.

[@lennhsu]

In Taiwan we usually just call him by his actual name "Zheng Cheng Kung". The title Koxinga is used sparingly, mostly in folk religion (Yes he is worshiped in Taiwan as a deity, not a major one though). His given name Cheng Kung, which conveniently literally means success or achievement, is also used to name a high school and an university to commemorate him.

[@lordblenkinsopp1537]

Loved the art style in this one! Are you ever going to do a series on the Peloponnesian War?

[@yannsteunou-murray9401]

If I can make a request, perhaps a video on Ching Shih? Stunning work as always!

[@kevinhu8415]

I want to ask when is the next video about Imjin war？I like that series，thank you for your great video！

[@kevinhu8415]

Tecumseh Thanks I will！

[@steyn1775]

*Dutch is mentioned in Thumbnail* *Loud rumble can be heard in the distance as the Dutch are coming to do what's know as* *"G E K O L O N I S E E R D !"*

[@bluemoondiadochi]

Could still be worse: at least it isn't the Spanish.

[@KarimDeLakarim]

@AIIUserNamesInvalid Inqu.........................

[@hmmmhmmm6917]

@@KarimDeLakarim Don't say it...

[@dominiquewong4706]

@@bluemoondiadochi Fun fact: The Spanish actually colonized the north of Taiwan for 16 years and the Dutch rule them out.

[@viracocha6093]

Other way around this time

[@user-hv8fw1hb1n]

Very good history channel

[@ChrisJohnson-jb3cb]

This was epic!!!

[@serumcell7216]

This is one of the most interesting episodes on something I had close to 0 knowledge about. The amount of people from different ethnic & cultural backgrounds working together on this one was incredibly interesting and kind of emotional.

[@henryhao007]

The emperor committee suicide when the peasant army took over the capital, which basically forced the army garrisoned at great wall join forces with the Manchus, some details u might missed.

[@adanphu4325]

Very good job

[@redayasubba5778]

I never knew about this history thank you kings and generals

[@kimcarrier9834]

Koxinga(Dutch of 国姓爷) means Mr. "Imperial surname". To be bestowed the Imperial surname is a great honor. Whos original surname is 郑Zheng, first name is 森sen, courtesy name is 成功(Success), the Imperial surname of Ming Dynasty is 朱zhu.

[@johnpaulmoy1677]

The most interesting part you forgot to add is that the Dutch fortress was initially owned by the Spanish. Conquistadores had arrived there with the intent of trying to conquer China from the Phillipines. Scheming governors and ambitious Spaniards/Portuguese (united at the time) thought to use Taiwan as a forward base to invade southern China. This never happened b/c the Dutch caught them with their pants down. Instead the Spanish and Portuguese conquistadores united to invade Cambodia which is a story for another time.

[@sharifnl9435]

Great video, again! Love to see you make one on The Dutch East India Company, would that be something that could happen in the future?

[@samsmith2635]

17:26 Man, well said, love this guy.

[@arthurreede4478]

Of course it's a german snitching the dutch hahaha

[@hansihobr]

It's strange that they haven't blamed a Spanish :P

[@saintdelisiaso3613]

What happend in 1918

[@arthurreede4478]

@@luux4177 yeh definately not after they got the blame of the first war. Although they were polite enough to respect our neutrality the first war. The second not so much and our elder still call the germans names for that

[@arthurreede4478]

@@hansihobr When the Spanish allied with Portugal they probably did :')

[@Miquelalalaa]

Okay dude I’m fine with stereotypes because they’re usually accurate and make for good humour but let’s face it you probably wouldn’t be playing on stereotypes about a non-white people... it’s not politically correct to do so.

[@sonicart77]

In Taiwan Koxinga's name is Zheng Cheng Gong. In Tainan the old Dutch fort still exists

[@pranavmishra263]

@KingsandGenerals you all should surely make a video on The Battle of Saragarhi.

[@DarknessTemplar6]

William Adams at 3:00 now that is an awesome cameo

[@cavc94]

Are these Zheng related to Zheng He? That would be kind of poetic. On the other hand I'd love to see more videos about this region on this era. It seems like an ethnic salat where you can find people from many places. Something about Yamada Nagamasa maybe?

[@adropintheocean9421]

Sadly no, Zheng He was a enunch

[@deadby15]

Koxinga sent a letter to the Japanese Shogunate Government to seek help restoring Ming. Some Warlords did wish to join the fray, stating that would be a good training for their warriors, the Shogun ultimately decided they shouldn't interfere.

[@Jake-dh9qk]

Probably cus they were still salty from the Imjin wars

[@user-jw5bf5ny3z]

In the cold weapon war, Japan has never defeated China, and I think Japan's consideration is correct.

[@KhanhNguyen-mh5ec]

@@user-jw5bf5ny3zUntil world war 2

[@xmoreno3366]

so coool thanks for videoo

[@TheCodeSwordfish]

Please cover Marius vs Sulla and the reforms.🙏 And Graccho Brothers. Thank you for the hard work !

[@opakular]

There is an important omission in this video. The narrative states that the Chinese had no modern firepower. On the contrary, Koxinga's forces, besides musketeers, possessed numerous cannons which were used to bombard Fort Zeelandia.

[@KingsandGenerals]

According to our sources, Koxinga's father had cannons, while Koxinga himself didn't.

[@opakular]

@@KingsandGenerals Lost Colony: The Untold Story of China's First Great Victory Over the West by Tonio Andrade mentions Koxinga's use of cannons in the siege. His following book The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History provides an insightful history of Chinese military developments prior to the Sino-Dutch War.

[@ReviveHF]

@@KingsandGenerals But he do have a lot of Musket troops few of them are actually Africans.

[@Cyberpunkerify]

@@KingsandGenerals The museums in Taiwan say that Koxinga had cannons that were generations behind in technology to Dutch firepower. But they still had cannons.

[@rayray6490]

Kings and Generals ...that is very very surprising coming from a channel of your caliber. That simply doesn’t make sense though. Lost Colony: The Untold Story of China's First Great Victory Over the West by Tonio Andrade....specifically and very clearly mentions several occasions where Koxinga used cannons in his siege of fort Zeelandia. In particular Philip Meij, a surveyor under Koxinga and Coyett’s secretary recorded 1700 and 2500 cannonshots on the day Koxinga’s troops attacked the redoubt near the main fort that sealed the fate of the battle. The Chinese cannons were likely low caliber but they undoubtedly have them, and they were powerful enough to reduce that redoubt to nothing.

[@enduringkarma2373]

The fact he took out the dutch is a testimony to the power of intelligence

[@hunterkiller3167]

Mesmerizing!