What’s Behind the World’s Heaviest Door?

Unlike a giant vault or blast door, the world's heaviest door was built to protect the outside world...from what was behind it...
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[@kylehill]

*Thanks for watching.* I know there’s a lot going on in the world right now, but maybe we can take a moment, a deep breath, and learn about T H I C C D O O R.

[@duckmehh546]

nice rubber balls

[@lazytommy0]

Thicc door was entertaining, thanks (: Thats one door i would love to see slammed shut just once lol

[@crimsonraen]

Yeah there is. Thanks for keeping us entertained, and our minds elsewhere! :D

[@TantalumPolytope]

can you make a video about the portal gun from portal? and what might happen when a moving portal 'touches' a static object? oh and also, you have beautiful balls

[@figo3554]

Nice door

[@WackoMcGoose]

"Now _that_ is a big door." I can see why they used that door in both of the Tron movies, considering _the world's largest source of neutron radiation_ and _a laser that can convert matter into data and back again_ would probably require similar levels of containment.

[@gerarddip]

I was just gonna comment that quote lmao

[@B00s3]

😆 I knew someone had to have beaten me to quoting this... but I couldn't help myself and did so anyway.

[@whtutlknabtwlls4266]

How did the MCP allow this to be posted?

[@your_name_here_1]

Welp guess I got my question answered here 😂

[@BensBrickDesigns]

I've found my people.

[@Kikabopom]

"this absurdly large and complicated security measure isn't to keep people or things out, it's to keep _something_ in" will never fail to be the most terrifying and intriguing concept in the world

[@Shattered_Universe]

I mean, that’s *kinda* like the Vaults in the Borderlands series; most of them just imprison intergalactic eldritch monstrosities… Huh…Someone probably should make sure that people are aware that this particular door doesn’t contain treasure or something…

[@TimeFadesMemoryLasts]

@@Shattered_Universe Yeeeah, that's what someone hiding treasures would say.... nice try, I'll open that door anyways \s

[@-libertyprimev1-902]

Even scarier would be "-it WAS to keep something in."

[@MegaBrokenstar]

Fiction writers tend to agree with you; it’s a nigh-exhausted trope at this point, especially in fantasy and sci-fi. The Pandorica (Dr Who), The Thousand-Year Door (Paper Mario), Dashi’s PuzzleBox (Xiaolin Showdown), the Millennium Items and Puzzle in particular (Yu-Gi-Oh), the Amber in Bubblegum’s Castle (Adventure Time), Tanen Gard (Bone), etc etc etc. It’s everywhere. It’s not a bad trope, and it can be executed in different ways for different emotional effects (for example, it’s different if the protags think the evil force is a treasure and try to hunt it vs if they know it’s a prison and try to protect it from outside malicious actors), but it’s VERY common at this point.

[@sethaie]

That would make great slogan for a pair of boxers

[@icecreep109]

I finally have something related to share: I work at the Center for Plasma Material Interaction, the foremost lab studying the use of liquid lithium in nuclear fusion. Under a strong magnetic field and heat gradient - such as you would find in a fission device - liquid lithium will flow along the walls, and even upside down. With this, the steel reactor walls are protected both from radiation, and physical damage from flare ups in the plasma. Additionally, the lithium helps to absorb any contaminants that make their way into the plasma.

[@IndianaTony]

Very cool addendum! As Kyle was describing all the shortcomings of the containment materials I kept thinking it doesn't seem like solid materials alone are the answer; a liquid barrier--if it could be shaped properly--could act as a self-healing barrier. It's awesome that you guys are working on that.

[@thedyingtitan1247]

@@IndianaTony And another thing about using a liquid metal is its pump able, use it in a heat exchanger to a steam system, Pump in bottom, the liquid flows to top while getting heated, also lithium under neutron bombardment can produce Tritium and Deuterium-Tritium fusion reactions are what produce mountains of neutrons. You get cooling, fuel production, and heat transfer all in one.

[@kidwajagstang]

That is extremely fascinating and exciting work! I always excelled in the sciences in school, but didn’t qualify for any scholarships because I wasn’t “well-rounded” by playing sports and refused to put myself into massive debt from student loans. Never was given any direction or instructions on what I needed to do in order to become a scientist that gets to perform the experiments that are on the cutting edge of science. I was never given a clear plan on how to get from point A to point B. I’ve always wanted to be able to work in the areas that perform experiments that delve into the areas of our reality that are still unknown to us or are misunderstood (and it’s known to be misunderstood) because they are just altogether avoided (for many ridiculous reasons) or we only have a small fraction of the answers needed to be able to fully understand whatever it might be that I’d be studying..

[@BabyMakR]

Wouldn't the Neutron bombardment start turning some of the Lithium into Tritium and Helium? Could be a way to make tritium to fuel the reactor I guess.

[@thedyingtitan1247]

@@BabyMakR I already mentioned that, but exactly, It would be cooling, Fuel Production, and neutron shielding for the reactor walls all in one, plus since its molten lithium it can be pumped and used in a heat exchanger to power steam turbines to produce power.

[@StreamKArt]

The fact that no one is mentioning him stumbling at 4:50 and actively chose to leave it in upsets me. It's moments like those that I love in videos like these

[@royalbavarian2040]

I was looking for this comment 😂

[@bedeckt]

Saw this comment and was waiting to see a green screen image of him tripping while making the video. He still stumbled, but not the way i expected.

[@gilles466]

He fumbled, he didn't stumble.

[@methamphetamememcmeth3422]

Why would it upset you? Weird af.

[@W00KYs]

"behold....my BALLS" not what I expected to hear in this video... "I live Agaaaaiiiiine" was also a very great line. Not only very educational but also a joy to view! Kudos to you/r writer!

[@StrongKingGaming]

Quit looking at his balls dude 😮😮😮

[@Musicguy208]

I can feel the excitement Kyle had after finding that paper about nuclear attenuation! Love it!

[@captainmarino99]

I'm a medical physicist and papers like that are used in our field to design the shielding around linacs and other radiation sources used for cancer treatment... Speaking of which, any thoughts on rad therapy episodes, Kyle? There are a lot of different ways to talk about it and its history. Just a thought. Great video!

[@Fizzlefuse]

I also think its fascinating that the way the door was designed it allowed for one person to open/close it. That's a impressive feat of engineering.

[@Shiara-rose]

This is starting to sound like an infomercial

[@Shiara-rose]

I agree though

[@fridgepuff1722]

Add a motor to it and a password and bam

[@HypeIke]

There's a story I remember my dissertation supervisor told me: A steel used or to be used (don't quite recall) in a reactor housing but would become brittle and nobody knew why. It was found that the Silicone used the steel to increase its strength had been transformed into Aluminium due to the radiation

[@johnpekkala6941]

Indeed alchemy is actually possible in that way. U just need a particle accelerator or some other source of radiation, something that however did not exist when they tried transform lead into gold in the middle ages. Instead they tried using piss, EEEWW! Not sure if u can transform lead into gold with an accelerator either but logically it should be possible. The issue is the cost of the energy required to run the accelerator will be many times the value of the produced gold. Its same as with antimatter production and so its infeasible for anything but research purposes.

[@Soken50]

@@johnpekkala6941 There is probably a decay chain from some isotope of lead to some isotope of gold but I don't recall any.

[@josephvanas6352]

@@Soken50 There probably is, there is also a radioactive platinum isotope that decays to stable gold. The issue would be from a lead isotope to a stable isotope of gold. What use is radioactive gold if it all decays to thallium or something.

[@Soken50]

@@josephvanas6352 stable was implied, I should have been explicit. Since I became curious, I dived a bit deeper and there exists at least one decay chain leading from radioactive lead to stable gold : _{82}^{197}Pb -> _{81}^{197}Tl -> _{80}^{197}Hg -> _{79}^{197}Au Edit : formatting

[@stevenscott2136]

@@josephvanas6352 As a kid, I thought that was the plan in "Goldfinger" -- nuke the gold so it turns into something worthless. Took me most of the movie to realize that people just wouldn't WANT radioactive gold, so no value.

[@alexmcd378]

"If your head were in the path of that beam, you'd be dead " Anatoli Bugorski: hold my vodka

[@stevenshea990]

I mean he was hit by a proton beam, which isn’t fun, but is nowhere near as dangerous as neutron radiation. Not only will the beam instantly give you a fatal dose, it will induce radioactivity in your tissues literally turning your corpse into radioactive waste

[@TheBreadSoldier]

🫱🥃 ok

[@thefoxpine]

I love that door. It's so ominous and monolithic, almost like something you'd see in the SCP universe. I've always loved visuals/renders of imposing, cold, monolithic structures and monuments, and this is a real-world example of precisely that.

[@altosack]

Umm, OK, but it’s too heavy to have vibes.

[@KarmatheCorgi]

Now you make me wonder if the unkillable lizard SCP would be able to withstand a good ole blast of radiation like this... then again... knowing him he'd probably become radioactive and well... that isn't good for us!

[@keiyakins]

​@@KarmatheCorgiHe'd adapt in some way that let him survive it, I'm sure. That damn lizard always does.

[@noobartz0890]

owo

[@frtzkng]

If you want architecture in this style, look for Brutalism

[@Scoots1994]

The first nuclear power plant in the US was the Shippingport plant in western PA. It was decommissioned in the late 80s. I got to go though the huge heavy door in to the core, and the engineering of the door was amazing considering it had been closed in the 50s and opened in the 80s how well it worked.

[@AK-gg5nh]

Drive past it everyday…it’s a huge plant

[@Scoots1994]

@@AK-gg5nh the original one, last I saw, looked like a park but with tall fences around it

[@FEAR_Actual]

The containment doors do get opened from time to time at nuclear power plants especially for usual maintenance procedures, so I'd hope they worked after 30+ years lol

[@Scoots1994]

@@FEAR_Actual well that changes the story a bit :) ... Still an amazing door

[@AsbestosMuffins]

@@Scoots1994 ya I was also gonna say they have to open the doors to do maintenance and refueling. Also a funny fact about that particular reactor was it was delivered by steam engine, there's a great picture of it out there

[@Mrmder]

I laughed and I learned. Perfect blend. Thanks Kyle, you're awesome.

[@kylehill]

My pleasure!

[@Arkolun-zk7tm]

​@@kylehillbest radiation youtuber

[@WarlandWriter]

Don't worry Kyle, it's not about the size of your door, it's about how you use it.

[@kingnekogon]

There. It's now at the appropriate like count.

[@cmelton6796]

Don't forget how well it swings

[@hughcaldwell1034]

@@cmelton6796 My door swings both ways.

[@wojtek4p4]

To be honest, it's hard to top the door to _the most powerful death ray in the world_ I'd be envious too

[@SangheiliSpecOp]

@@kingnekogon 6 9

[@isabellerror]

ITS ALL FUCKING BOILING WATER

[@calebbrown6735]

Yeah. But I wouldn't make tea out of this water.

[@Jimmysage3273]

It’s all just rotating a crank honestly

[@dearthditch]

This was my first (only) thought

[@jenluvjake]

Always has been 🔫

[@aksux]

Radiation

[@DanBowkley]

Given that neutrons aren't really keen on going around corners, why didn't they just build a zigzagged corridor leading to the accelerator instead of having a door at all? Seems like that would've been vastly simpler and cheaper.

[@markh.6687]

You and your sorcery have no magical powers here! This is SCIENCE! We calculated it was cheaper and faster to build the door than do all the extra digging and concrete work.

[@RandomPodficMaker]

okay, but consider this: 1) door is cooler 2) stupid people can't open the door, but they can navigate a zig zag and start a lawsuit if they got hurt by their own stupidity

[@DanBowkley]

@@RandomPodficMaker fair points, especially #2!

[@Fenrires]

This is actually how medical radiation equipment is protected in hospitals. Source: Shielding Techniques for Radiation Oncology Facilities Book by Patton H. McGinley

[@CostMusic]

I like how Thor can be in action movies and teach me stuff I never knew at the same time

[@Neo0311]

Kyle is more handsome.

[@bn-tc2tk]

@@Neo0311 definitely better hair, that flow is luxurious

[@victoriaevelyn3953]

I think its mad how something as high tech as a nuclear reactor still has roots back to the industrial age with steam power

[@klutzspecter3470]

Nothing like boiling water.

[@zelashizzz1278]

All that engineering, labor, and technology just to boil some water.

[@JesperVille]

@@zelashizzz1278 WITH EFFICIENCY!*insert mad scientist*

[@xanmontes8715]

I've been asking scientists about that actually. Long story short, water is an amazing liquid. It boils easily, it condenses easily, it absorbs neutrons like nobody's business and nuclear power plants have a 33% efficiency rating which is double that of a car engine, for example. It's pretty much THE most efficient method while at the same time being extremely (hopefully, cause accidents do happen) safe.

[@delor3an12]

Most power plants have water as the working fluid. Works well for storing heat because the specific heat is one of the highest out of any other substance.

[@th3ranger]

I’ve been curious how neutron embrittlement would be dealt with in fusion plants, and as far as I know there is no solution. With a fission plant they simply build heavy and thick, but with more specialized materials like superconductors being involved with fusion… I have no idea how that gets accommodated.

[@jackvandongen7983]

4:13 im not even gonna talk about that

[@matthewboire6843]

. . .

[@MDMoore6]

“I don’t have door envy…” Narrator (probably Morgan Freeman): “But he did, in fact, have crippling door envy…”

[@WingManFang1]

Legend

[@matthewcotterill7155]

Or zefrank.

[@aethlred7380]

Has there ever been a narrator that isn't Morgan Freeman? They might go by different names but it's probably just Morgan Freeman under an alias.

[@Kimmaline]

One of my best friends growing up, his dad was a scientist at LLL during the 70s and 80s. You wouldn't believe the stories he had about the stuff they took into the lab to blow up and look at under microscopes and things. Let's just say they took measurements I doubt made it into any papers.

[@marcusviniciusdoprado7508]

Come on, Kim! Give us something. It would dope to hear One

[@joellenrhodes456]

Yes, yes I would. I worked at LLNL.

[@Shorjok]

You can't tell us nothing

[@devonwilliams2423]

Most likely animals if y’all are curious lol in fact I’m certain as it’s essential to prepare for such event

[@sylvrwolflol]

@@devonwilliams2423Knowing research scientists, honestly probably Twinkies and other dumb things when they had spare time with it and no pressing deadlines. They're all grad students at heart, they're going to play with the giant toys and be goofy nerds once the time to be serious is past.

[@Liquid278]

“Behold, my balls” Oh Kyle, don’t tease Also the door that Kyle is talking about was probably used for filming after it was done being used for science things

[@breakfast-burrito]

4:11 - he continues the tease 😅

[@dodgehemi5045]

Epstein vault

[@TheMaelstrom]

It was featured in "Tron" while it was still in service.

[@MAGGOT_VOMIT]

Kyle has been running around the whole vid with pube dander on his shirt. {0.o} 😆😂🤣

[@wayneharrison6621]

@@TheMaelstrom That’s the first thing that came to mind when I saw it.

[@JamesJohnson-ok1hn]

DOE announced today they succeeded in a fusion process. Coming sooner than we expected..

[@ĪĪMizumiĪĪ]

I was thinking of that

[@miufke_]

He do be vibin' DOE

[@Blahajenthusiast]

THE UNMATCHED POWER OF THE *SUN* , coming to a store near you!

[@joecook3223]

That's cool. A fusion process that generated more power than it took to sustain it?

[@joecook3223]

@@Blahajenthusiast ladies and gentlemen, fasten your seatbelts

[@Muffinshaker]

Thank you for the memories … as a young designer the late 1970’s I got to design parts of the “rotating target assembly “. My office was in the building right across the street. Fun times. The door is actually cantilevered. The person in the thumbnail can actually push and open it by hand. The Lab was a wonderful playground of minds of the most talented people in the world. 😊😊😊😊😊

[@Athenor]

Just starting, but as a fan of the Tron franchise, I always love any time this door comes up!

[@Athenor]

YES! You talked about it! I was hoping you would! The DVD collector's edition talks about it a bit.

[@ianloreen7817]

Oh, good. I thought I was going crazy.

[@clayp4420]

Yes doesn't Kyle know that this is the door that keeps Kevin Flynn away from the MCP. Such timing I just watched Tron again on Wednesday.

[@erice.3468]

Thank you!

[@groundzer0s]

To quote Flynn himself: Now THAT is a big door!

[@shingshongshamalama]

I love the thought that Kyle just saw a photo on pinterest, went "what's that?" and then ended up making a twenty minute video about it. That's the scientific spirit alright.

[@pererau]

I'm no math major, but I'm pretty sure rounding 11 up to 20 is a bit of a stretch!😂😂😂

[@stevenscott2136]

@@pererau Well, ARIA cut out the nine minutes Kyle spent brushing his hair and handling his balls. 😁

[@pererau]

@@stevenscott2136 I'm sure a lot of people want to see Kyle playing with his balls and hair. I'm more interested in the science.

[@daleolson3506]

To show off his gross hair

[@NotJohnnyTamale]

What the actual f*ck did I just read?

[@scyberclops]

Your two balls reminded me of the battery bounce test. Get an iron skillet, 1 dead AA and 1 live AA battery. Hold each sideways about 8” above the skillet. As you drop each, a charged battery will land with a thunk and a dead battery will bounce. So if you have a pile of batteries in your kitchen junk drawer that need testing, that’s a simple one.

[@Thros1]

You can do this on practically any surface

[@nikopack7571]

why an iron skillet? a kitchen countertop or even a wooden coffee table will work fine

[@datyeen]

Dude just use your kitchen counter.

[@MonkeyJedi99]

@@nikopack7571 The iron skillet won't take dents or chips like a counter surface or wooden table might? Also, should a battery break and leak, it's easier to fully clean a pan than your whole kitchen.

[@capness1228]

@@MonkeyJedi99 what kind of double A's you got that ruin an entire kitchen?

[@drflannelxd904]

Bold of you to assume that if the radiation didn't kill me immediately, *that* would be my last mistake.

[@zolf3141]

Years ago I worked for the local municipality and whenever we would be doing any kind of maintenance or landscaping within ~100yards of LLNL their security detail would arrive. Blacked out SUV’s full tactical kit and they’d monitor everything we were doing as well as their perimeter security cameras tracking our movements.

[@calliarcale]

"Now that is a big door!" Seriously, that's actually the door that Flynn breaks into in "Tron", because they filmed the Enron manufacturing/lab floor scenes at Lawrence Livermore National Lab.

[@melissawickersham9912]

You mean “Encom”. 😄

[@mickeymorgan4672]

The blue laser assembly in Tron was the Shiva laser in building 391 at Lawrence Livermore. It was later removed and replaced with the Nova Laser that nearly doubled the size of the building. Nova proved to be way too small and this led to the National Ignition Facility being built.

[@melissawickersham9912]

@@mickeymorgan4672 Wow. That laser used to be the largest of its kind in the world. Imagine having to work with a device like that!

[@carlsaganlives6086]

@@melissawickersham9912 Lotta bad press after that Great White club fire, though. Maybe that was pre-9/11 so less security regarding renting it out over the weekend, and toned down light shows at smaller, indoor venues, I suppose.

[@Rutgerman95]

Honestly kinda disapointed Kyle didn't mention it's starring role in TRON

[@cpeabody85]

Kyle, I hope that the people and scientists you met with in Ukraine are OK, seriously! And to anyone who watches shows like Kyle's to escape the harshness of the world I apologize to you, this is the only way I could communicate my best wishes to Kyle and the people he met, this was the only form of social media I use that I share with kyle

[@ArtisticlyAlexis]

I'm thankful you wrote this. I didn't even think about how Kyle was recently there, & those poor scientists who are currently being held against their will, trying to keep the world safe while their own safety is under threat! It's a tragedy & my heart goes out to them!

[@thalastianjorus]

I know a couple of bladesmiths in Ukraine, one who lives in Sumy (where much fighting recently was, and still is.). They've all said their families are all at the homes of their relatives outside the cities, and are doing okay so far. Seems many have left the cities for the countryside. The worry isn't the occupation, initially... it is what will happen to the Ukrainians _after_ Russia has control. They were... less than kind to the people of Ukraine, Belarus, etc during the Soviet era. Yes, about 30% of the population are Russian descendant... the rest are not, and the Russian government treats them... _differently..._ as well.

[@commander31able60]

@@joshuagop5909 should be we suspend our regular lives because people elsewhere are suffering? if we did that, we wouldn't have time to live at all.

[@aaronjaggard8287]

Pat yourselves on the back

[@skepticalbadger]

@@joshuagop5909 Congratulations, you're a collossal tool.

[@Burgher1605]

Behold... My Balls. 3:25

[@idocareforapples3908]

Lmaoooo

[@matthewboire6843]

Hehe

[@filipesaul8435]

I love it how primitive humans are We invent increasingly complicated and complex and dangerous feats of engineering, just to heat up water

[@NOTSOSLIMJIM]

My Army reserve unit had one of the old WWII nuclear bunkers we have in the hills of Fort Hood. It was 30m x 150m with a blast door. The 20ton blast door protected some old tents, MRE's, and empty fuel cans.

[@JMUDoc]

The moment I saw the thumbnail, I thought "is that the _TRON_ door...?" Kyle did not let me down😁.

[@duhmonke]

Math and science both have always been something I’ve been so interested in but could never properly pay attention to it in school. You instruct and explain it really well. Thank you for showing me how much I really actually love to learn.

[@davidsuda6110]

Problem with school is it doesn't teach science per se but what we have learned from science. At least that was my experience. A good example is when Kyle discusses science papers. A single study says little of value yet most people I know are ignorant of that. Also given that his videos are 15 minutes and school lasts 7 hours or so I can see why school doesn't work for most people.

[@GeneralSic66]

Love this format! Brings me back to Because Science days. Hope you guys make more videos like this! You're too good at it, Mr. Hair

[@SuperShanko]

Because…. Science, what is is alternate universe you speak of? Hoho Hoho! **mind wipe**

[@brockoala2994]

Me too love this! Totally not because of that *cough* balls *cough* part anyways.

[@joangalt6270]

It would be even better if he had an actual science DEGREE or PhD or something, anything, to make him more legit. For me, he's just another guy on YT reading science facts off a set of notes. Period

[@GeneralSic66]

If you would do your research, he has a Bachelors in science with engineering and a masters in science communication

[@Kimmaline]

@@joangalt6270 first off, Kyle has two degrees....Im not certain where you got your extremely inaccurate information. Secondly, your condescension smacks of intense privilege and a lack of taking into account that not everyone has the same access to higher education. Not everyone in this country and around the world has the financial access to advanced degrees that you see as admission to the Respect Room. Gatekeeping who we see as worthy of listening to by limiting it to only those who gained degrees--a process which is so widely varied as to be unrecognizable across the spectrum--isn't only insulting to the untold brilliant and highly informed, expert, lived experience educators out in the world, we are cutting everyone else off from their information, research, and expertise. Beyond that, not everyone is neurotypical, and from bottom to top our educational system has largely remained steadfast in its refusal to look past its rigid methods of teaching which have been proven time and again to only be ideal for a fraction of children. For autistic people like Kyle, navigating the halls of academia can be difficult at best. I also want to challenge the idea that higher education is the magic bullet you deem it to be. I've known people with masters degrees who could barely tie their own shoes, and some of the best historical experts I've known had three semesters at community College and a lifetime of tracking down primary document sources. There are a lot of wonderful people out there with amazing amounts of knowledge and insight in their heads and they want to connect and share that with other people. All of those reasons aside, as compelling as I believe them to be, mainly I'd change your way of thinking because you sound like an elitist asshole. These creators are passionate about science and want other people to be excited about it too. So long as they don't take credit for work that is not their own, why decry teaching? Do you think every college professor is teaching only their own work? Have a good day.

[@ElegantJames]

Allegedly we just recently figured out Nuclear Fusion. It's not a dream anymore, I just read something about scientists being able to replicate fusion for the first time in history

[@Friedbaboons]

We all know that the real largest door is the one under Aperture Science, that leads to a tiny door.

[@Reman1975]

The enormous scale of what the field of nuclear physics encompasses never crossed my mind until a few yeas ago. My naive thought process kind of assumed all the big theories of "This much of this stuff all together gets hot, and this much in one place vaporizes several city blocks" had already been published, and the majority of what was being done now was just fiddling with small details around the edges.......... Then I found myself on a 3 hour plane trip sitting next to a really interesting Swedish bloke who happened to teach the subject in a university. We'd been chatting and laughing for a while before the subject of work came up, and when he smiled and said "Well, I'm actually a Professor of theoretical nuclear physics at XXXX university" I instantly started asking about it. He seemed slightly surprised that this admission hadn't killed the topic of work dead, but he was a typical considerate Swede and dumbed the subject right down to answer my questions. After a while he realised from my follow up questions that I understood slightly more than he was expecting (though still not a huge amount more), so the answers got a bit more complex. The reason this all springs to mind was that he said that there's loads of REALLY counterintuitive stuff that goes on in even a normal fission reactor (I think the phrase "There's some really CRAZY weird sh*t that happens" was one of the ways he excitedly described it....... You've gotta love Swedes. :D), so I asked for some examples, and one of them was how stainless steel can eventually get ridiculously brittle if exposed for long enough to a high level of radiation, to the extent that it'll almost shatter like glass when tapped with a hammer. That concept felt particularly weird to me (A engineering machinist by training) so I asked for details. He spent the remaining 45 minutes of the flight trying to dumb this down far enough for me to understand. The explanations that confused me got down to the level of descriptions involving tennis, golf and Velcro covered ping pong balls colliding, and some of them vanishing, while others stuck together in unexpected ways. In the end the closest we got was that the outcome was similar to the microscopic lattice of fractures you might get in cast iron from giving it several abrupt heating and quenching cycles, but the actual molecular process that was occurring in that example was entirely wrong and in no way even analogous to what was going on in radiation blasted stainless steel. :D He actually tried to apologise to me at one point for not being able to explain the process well enough for me, someone who didn't even take physics at school, to understand ! The poor guy usually taught people who'd been through advanced maths and physics at school, then often did more of the same at college, so they had a solid foundation in the basics before he even saw them. This poor guy wasn't used to explaining stuff that then needed the explanation explaining, then parts of that explaining [repeat ad infinitum]. I told him it was OK, and the problem was that, without even a baseline of high school physics in my past for him to work up from, it was akin to expecting a dog to understand commands in a different language to the one it was trained in. My understanding of how the universe works is predominantly on the everyday, or macroscopic level, so skipping microscopic to get right down to atomic was probably far too much of a jump for me. I've thought about that guy a few times since then (Usually at those times when I've tried to add to what I thought was my reasonable grasp of some subject, only to quickly realising that all the understanding I'd accumulated so far didn't even come close to scratching the surface of the subject as a whole !). He must be one hell of a good teacher. He managed to answer about 90% of the questions I put to him in a way that my idiotic head could understand. You can't do that just by parroting stuff you were taught. You have to be able to visualise and feel the entire subject on a really fundamental level to be able to do that. On top of that he was a really nice guy too. :)

[@BoyProdigyX]

This reminds me of those "Quantum Physicist Explains String Theory in 5 Levels of Difficulty" videos haha

[@Rachel-fi4sc]

This is an amazing comment. What a once-in-a-lifetime experience!

[@Chris-hx3om]

His name wasn't Max Tegmark was it? If it was, I'd pay money to be on a flight with him, and the longer the better. (His book, This Mathematical Universe, is brilliant)

[@Reman1975]

@@Chris-hx3om That name didn't ring any bells, so I Googled "Max Tegmark". I found a photo, but I still couldn't really tell. 🤔 I put his name in KZbin, and for the last half hour or so I've been watching of one of his lectures (Called "WSU Master Class: History and Mysteries of The Universe with Max Tegmark"), and it's taken me that long to be about 99% sure that the guy I was chatting with wasn't him, but this Max does appear to be a really interesting lecturer, and has a very similar kind of enthusiasm for his subject as the guy on the flight, so I've now got to keep on watching the rest. 😁

[@emdash2997]

What a cool story, thanks for sharing. 😊

[@AnonymousFreakYT]

I love that the giant door was in Tron - theoretically to protect the employees in the "Laser research facility" from the laser. Then they just run their experiment standing a couple meters from the laser.

[@aarongreenfield9038]

I'm pretty sure it was more to protect the outside world, (Not that they gave the slightest crap) but from Liability, should someone have their molecules turned into dark matter, And sent to an alternate dimension to detonate. ☢☢☢💥

[@bestaround3323]

I think being near that thing will kill you lol.

[@DamonCzanik]

That door will always be the Tron door to me. They even showed it in Tron Legacy. End of Line.

[@MistahBryan]

If THAT was the "Door" what was the rest of the room made of?

[@danieljensen2626]

Probably similar layers of metal/concrete all the way around.

[@hackersulamaster]

Hillary Clinton's used underwear.

[@Shadow__133]

@@hackersulamaster Same material as Trumps' wig.

[@Shadow__133]

@∆ lol

[@tncorgi92]

6:05 wondering how they directed neutrons toward a target, since they have no charge and would not be controlled by a magnetic field.

[@Robbie-mw5uu]

the amount of radiation you get standing outside that door is the same amount of radiation you would get standing next to Chernobyl's elephant's foot...

[@Northern-Smudge4]

Why would they even make it then if you couldn’t get anywhere near it? Hoping they’ll figure it out by the time the half life dies down if it ever does?

[@DrYeet2704]

*when the elephant’s foot first formed. The Elephant’s Foot’s reactivity has dropped significantly since the accident as a lot of the elements inside it have decayed down to other, less radioactive elements.

[@elementalturnip]

As both Kevin and Sam Flynn said, "now that is a big door."

[@shauntoochaos235]

You are entering the vicinity of an area adjacent to a location. The kind of place where there might be a monster, or some kind of weird mirror. These are just examples; it could also be something much better. Prepare to enter: The heaviest hinged door.

[@vcdrny]

Glad Kyle did the Chernobyl trip when he did.

[@ArenaDestroyer]

Actually I expect him to do it again in the future.

[@C0LDHeartedPerson]

@@ArenaDestroyer That depends on how the situation in Ukraine ends. After this war a new Cold War might start and Russia might just restrict border flow.

[@DrYeet2704]

@@C0LDHeartedPerson who knows, what with how it is. But for the moment, I do not believe that any fingers will hover above a red button with a trefoil symbol on it. My reasoning? Too much at stake. Putin wants Ukraine as it would expand his “alliance” that has Belarus and Armenia in it, both being previous USSR states. If he had Ukraine, he could pressure NATO a lot more. Ukraine is a neutral zone at the moment, arms tied with rope to both NATO and the CSTO (Putin’s version of NATO). If NATO took Ukraine, well, Putin would not be happy, to put it that way. NATO would have much more area to pressure the CSTO and Belarus would not be in a good place. The country would have NATO forces on 3 flanks, which would not be good. Kinda like the situation now with Russian forces on 3 flanks of Ukraine. My source was RealLifeLore’s video on what’s happening with the Russia-Ukraine war.

[@C0LDHeartedPerson]

@@DrYeet2704 Well, I meant more that now Putin is branded, by almost the whole world, as war criminal. And with somehow complicated political situation after this war, Russia might not be so open to anyone from west side.

[@onelessthing]

Is it just me, or did he post the Pripyat video only to take it down or unlist it shortly after launching it?

[@Kghammond852]

Little did he know we have solved one of the first steps to fusion a year later by finally producing a positive output even if it was only a few MW.

[@kirkbolas4985]

Kyle …how did the folks at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory create such a high energy neutron beam and how did they manage it in terms of aiming it and modulating its output?

[@strider2175]

The way that changes in material that has been irradiated is measured, is through a measurement called the reference transition temperature. This measures the temperature at which any given material will transition from state to state (ie solid to liquid, liquid to gas, etc), and then that is compared to that same material after it has been exposed to a certain amount of radiation (be it alpha, beta, or gamma). Fun fact for the day.

[@mordorson]

Not quite. It measures at what temperature a material is more likely to fail in a ductile manner vs brittle fracture, not when it transitions from one state to another, so it's the temperature at which a material transitions between ductile failure and brittle fracture. For example for a given material, above its reference transition temperature (RTT) it's more likely to fail in a ductile way, while below its RTT it's more likely to brittle fracture

[@markh.6687]

I thought they subject samples to physical testing (brittleness, ductile limits) and electronic microscopes looking at structural changes.

[@GarryDumblowski]

So, personally, this reminds me of how chlorine trifluoride can be safely stored in a steel drum despite being a strong enough oxidizer to corrode the metal making up the drum, because the metal inside the drum is "passivated" by the reaction into inert metal fluorides. Is it possible that a material could be chosen that gets "passivated" under neutron radiation, such that even if its interior structure gets destroyed, the resulting damage is still able to shield neutrons from the outside, and the activation of the atoms doesn't produce any super radioactive isotopes?

[@matthewcox7985]

That was the whole idea behind that project!

[@GarryDumblowski]

@@matthewcox7985 As in, the whole idea was to find a material that "passivates" under heavy neutron radiation? I figure that's what you mean but I gotta ask to make sure anyway

[@alexrogers777]

@@GarryDumblowski Thats a cool idea but ultimately no, neutron radiation isn't going to passivate anything (or least anything that we know of or can even imagine)

[@caav56]

@@alexrogers777 A fuckton of pure water's a good way to deal with neutrons.

[@absolutekold]

Kyle, as someone who works at the NBSR (a CP-5 variant), and what I guess could be called the cranky older cousin to the RTNS-II (their neutrons were ~14MeV ours get down to

[@psychozen7169]

Most fusion naturally occurs in space so I would hypothesis that gravity and dark matter would be needed to contain this nuclear reaction

[@yeetmeouttheroofredacted5027]

Imagine having a game like metro exodus about escaping it while a nuclear meltdown is happening

[@VoidTempests]

Behold, my balls already is the funniest statement of the year. I'm suprised Kyle had the dedication to get castrated just for us.

[@Winn_Or_Lose]

We all know the heaviest doors in the world are the ones at the entrance of Kyle’s facility

[@littlejourneyseverywhere]

Definite door envy. 😂

[@TheMaelstrom]

Did you know they used the National Ignition Facility target chamber at Lawrence Livermore as the warp core set in Star Trek: Into Darkness?

[@Machistmo]

The whole point of fusion is to avoid the radioactive side effects of fision

[@StonedDragons]

A grown man playing with his balls like that, shameful.

[@Ashurion-Neonix]

"Now that is a big door." But in all seriousness, Tron was how I first discovered this.

[@Le_Codex]

This door looks awfully similar to the one in Tron, around the start of the movie. Which also had a laboratory dealing with a lot of very high power stuff

[@DavidChipman]

That's because it is.

[@LDSG_A_Team]

Thank you, Kyle. I have a ton of respect for you.

[@Мопс_001]

Well, I hoped for atleast some photos of that stuff. In particular, atleast show photos of those radiated metals, or/and how they actually behave after heavy radiation (idk, poking it with a stick or anything). The same applies to the door. Ok, it's big, it's thick. But could there be one or two photos of how it looked before and after the exploitation to understand the scale? Are there any visible changes on it afterwards? From all the plain info I cannot tell what is this door in more "material" aspect.

[@xARMM4G3D0Nx]

The current fusion achievements make these results more important then ever before.

[@HungerGamesFan00]

that vault in the first shot immediately made me think of "aw fuck everything's supposed to have been turned to glass back there man don't go in"

[@MichaelJONeill333]

Kyle, thank you for so many years of fun, witty and super informative videos. Addicted to your channel and I learn so much!

[@dascandy]

Did you consider the inputs we have from Sellafield/Windscale in the UK, where the reactor core was known to store energy in its deformed crystal structure (see also Wigner release)?

[@JeffreySJonas]

Thanks for posting that first. There are several very scary KZbin videos documenting the Windscale reactor fire, with interviews of the people who were there. Scarier than the intentional irradiating of the surrounding area with the air-cooled reactors was the government's cover-up :-(

[@JCarey1988]

That's very obscure outside the UK, although f*cking terrifying to read about. The book "Atomic Accidents" has a very hair-curling account of the disaster there.

[@ManoharOfficial]

Those swords in the background need to either both point upwards or downwards, that asymmetry is an ocd magnet 😅

[@leosypher9993]

A month after this video was released nuclear fusion would be achieved for the first time

[@daedalus6433]

No, we have achieved nuclear fusion before that, just not sustainable ones, or ones that give a net positive in energy output

[@windhelmguard5295]

@@daedalus6433 we have achieved nuclear fusion with net positive output before. problem is that the output was way too positive to do anything useful with it, outside of it being so scary that nobody fucks with you.

[@rd76pag]

I have learn something new about this door from this informative video. Thanks for making it. The thumbnail got me wanting to watch this particular video because I remember seeing this door in the original Tron. I always thought that the door was fascinating and wonder why that door exist in the first place. Now I know.

[@pjbth]

2:31 you better get out of that reactor quick. It's already taken your right foot!

[@danieljensen2626]

Lol, I also couldn't stop looking at that

[@MrQuantumInc]

"Activation" is really worrying since one of the main selling points of Nuclear Fusion is that it does not produce radioactive waste. So not only will someone have to go in there are remove all of the panels from the inside of a fusion reactor regularly but disposing of it will have some of the same problems as waste from fission.

[@Yora21]

Well, it does create radioactive waste. But the amount and dangerous lifetime are on a much lower scale than uranium fission reactors. Not perfect, but much better.

[@danieljensen2626]

Yup. The safety concerns with fusion are pretty comparable to fission actually.

[@etiennedud]

And the removal process for fusion seems more difficult that for fission

[@grandsome1]

The safety of fusion is that if humans disappear it will turn off pretty quickly and not have a runaway chain reaction like fission.

[@Deilwynna]

@@danieljensen2626 fusion meltdowns isnt possible on the scales of the fusion reactors we are building right now, so thats not a concern unlike the fission ones. once you turn off a fusion reactor, its only residual radioactivity left in the reactor itself. with fission reactors you have the fuel and the reactor core being very radioactive even after you shutdown the reactor, hence you need to keep running coolant through a fission reactor core even after you turn it off, not to mention the concern of meltdowns if things go wrong, like damaged control rods, malfunctioning cooling systems, etc

[@borbleborb4586]

“Now that is a big door!” - Kevin Flynn

[@machinistpro140]

having worked at LLNL and (formerly LLL) on the mftf project, shiva, mars, and nova projects, i wish i could tell you how you got so much wrong ( or half-right ) and that door was built in the 60's for starters

[@NeurodivergentSuperiority]

This comment needs more attention!

[@explodingwolfgaming8024]

0:32 lmao is that not the door from the original Tron?

[@fikriifi1671]

Yep, I was thinking the same

[@Liquid278]

Probably because they used that door for filming? I’m not that into filmography, so I don’t know for sure

[@ZacabebOTG]

It is indeed. Much of the "real world" footage was shot at Lawrence Livermore.

[@Leyllara]

3:18 DID YOU REALLY MADE THAT CURSED REFERENCE?

[@SeprexOG]

what is it?

[@Leyllara]

@@SeprexOG i don't remember lol been 5 months

[@SeprexOG]

@@Leyllara my bad bro

[@1tgb4yb25ub5ub]

​@@SeprexOGone man one cup?

[@1tgb4yb25ub5ub]

​@@Leyllarasee my reply

[@HectorSaIamanca]

I'm really curious about the hinges of this door. At 10:10 you see what looks like electrical cables going to the hinges. Magnetic bearings? Servo motors geared to the door itself?

[@OfficialTubeYou]

Kyle’s first line. 👌🏻*mwah* Lol love you bro. “Yeah we’re brothers now, get over it”

[@AldoHacha]

That joke killed me harder than radiation poisoning

[@calyodelphi124]

This uh......... this actually kind of changes my perspective quite a lot about the difficulty of fusion energy. It's not _just_ achieving net energy. It's also solving the problem of _degradation and activation of the materials used to build the reactor_ due to the intense neutron flux of the reaction. It's _very_ possible that the nuclear waste from a fusion reactor could be _worse_ than from current uranium fission reactor designs, due to activation of the reactor vessel itself. :x

[@Canucklug]

The goal for activated fusion walls is that after 100 years they can be buried 20 feet deep as low level radioactive material. However this may not be the case as it will be very difficult to find any material to survive well at all so that the activation profile might end up as a secondary consideration. It is likely that fusion activated material would be far less intense than the worst fission byproducts but I assume it would be in greater quantity than the comparable low level fission material The proposal for the ARC reactor is that the inner vacuum chamber would have to be replaced every 2 years at a cost of 100 million, half a billion per decade is definitely a problem for commercial prospects. It's usually said that commercial fusion requires a power gain of 20 over the fuel input energy while ARC is projected as a gain of 13. Which is really quite close, but maybe still far away There are alternative designs that have better engineering prospects but are less tested as far as physics - like Helion's Deuterium-He3 reactor that would recover the energy of charged fusion products directly in the electromagnet at high efficiency, and there's some liquid inner wall concepts like General Fusion's super giant 100 MW spherical piston design

[@JCarey1988]

Yep at the levels of radiation used in a fusion reactor you literally have to deal with it turning structural materials into Swiss Cheese. A containment structure that could have laughed at an artillery bombardment when brand new can be reduced to having the strength of a stale biscuit because it's been torn up at the atomic level; even transmuted into an entirely new element!

[@TheEMTDad]

Kyle, with Russian and Ukrainian forces activly fighting in the exclusion zone, radiation levels surrounding the site have reportedly skyrocketed. Could you please do a video on what could be the result of the fighting in the exclusion zone if it continues to worsen over then next few weeks?

[@SoranoGuardias]

Radiation is probably being detected more because the settled dust is now being disturbed again. More radioactive particulates in the air not burried under wet nature.

[@TheEMTDad]

@@SoranoGuardias Agreed, but according to reports from reliable intelligence, meters in the area are reaing exponentially higher then normal and its supposedly from a Russian artillery round striking a containment unit. I'll post a link to yesterdays intelligence briefing if anyones interested.

[@SoranoGuardias]

@@TheEMTDad Radiation inside the containment unit is already higher because it is keeping more of the facility drier. As water acts like a moderator and absorbs neutrons, there is already more reactions being detectect. I don't think Russia would be so stupid as to land an artillery strike anywhere danger-close to the containment facility.

[@sakaraist]

@@SoranoGuardias Russia already hit a radioactive waste repository with a shell yesterday unfortunately. I don't think i'd completely rule out the possibility.

[@SoranoGuardias]

@@sakaraist Is there a verified report on that?

[@mhervyrenzelgarcia3827]

cool stuff there dude, can't say I understood most of it, but I enjoyed it regardless. Quick request, can you make a video on the Martian Iron Rings from Warhammer 40k? They are like the demented lovechild of a space elevator and an orbital rings that act as a space dock yard.

[@oberonpanopticon]

2:15 it’s still hilarious to me how for all our technology, we’re still just using steam power in the end.

[@flowerfaerie8931]

Congrats Kyle, you managed to make me laugh at a “your mom” joke.

[@JariakaBroekie888]

Love your content Kyle keep up the work

[@omaralvaro9170]

4:06 mY BAlLS

[@Trainboyz1.]

Why did he have to take them

[@jklappenbach]

Nuclear research was just a ruse. The interior surface of the door is covered with runes and the incantation: "Ph'nglui mglw'nafh Cthulhu R'lyeh wgah'nagl fhtagn" It's the only thing keeping the ancient ones from passing into our dimension after the rift occurred.

[@Lena-xt7jp]

this guy looks like if Thor was just a normal dude

[@wwclay86]

What would happen to a person standing 6 feet from you if you get hit by the beam?

[@SkullpunkArt]

4:50 I feel this personally

[@cleverusername4821]

I loved the video Kyle. I always do, I'm sorry if this is a sensitive subject but have you had any success at getting your video back from the copyright strike/take down/whatever? I'm dying to see it and I can see the passion you have which just makes the whole thing even more enjoyable. You have reignited my passion for actually learning more science, I'm enrolling in an electronics class this year. I'm 28 but that doesn't mean that I can't go back to school and follow a passion I have had for about 22 years. And I'm only doing that because of you, Thank you Kyle. I really appreciate it. I also really hope Ukraine gets all the help need to keep their country in the hands of the Ukrainians. I know Ukrainians are really tough but I send them my best wishes and love. And I hope all the people you met in Chernobyl are safe and sound. I believe that they are.

[@Xazmadan939-59]

americans will use burgers per eagle scream rather than normal metric system

[@redcat9436]

Your comment is foolish and ignorant.

[@motherlessgoat72]

I love how in nearly every video that I watch of yours, I eventually come to a point where I'm demanding you tell me how I would die.

[@TheSpliceofLife]

Finally, after working at Lawrence Livermore for five years, I got to see this door. And there are two of them. I even got to see the RTNS inside the building.

[@TV_Crafts]

0:10 based

[@Grymgar]

Watching your videos lately has made me hope that Ukraine repels invasion, Chernobyl stays safe, and potential nuclear warfare in Europe averted once more.

[@TakeAHikeMike]

Spoiler. It's your mom.

[@certainlynotmaindenless2315]

I'm in my first year of studying Material science as a University student, never thought of nuclear smashing lattice, good reminder

[@134StormShadow]

Why is it ALWAYS Kevin that gets discombobulated ? 🤷‍♂️🤣🤣🤣🤣