Carboxylic Acid Derivatives (Live Recording) Organic Chemistry Review & Practice Session

[@Leah4sci]

Grab the Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Practice Worksheet + Session Notes at Leah4sci.com/orgolive (+ heads up for upcoming sessions) ERROR: At 29:56, when the electrons move to form a new double bond between oxygen and sulfur, the bond holding chlorine to sulfur simultaneously breaks. This leaves us with sulfur dioxide gas (SO2) as a by-product as well as a chloride ion floating in solution. I apologize for any confusion and thanks to the viewer that alerted me!

[@yousifdiwan5720]

Please do a live on ethers and epoxides synthesis and reactions as well. I rely on your videos a lot to help me succeed in my Orgo class.

[@yousifdiwan5720]

Please do a live on ethers and epoxides synthesis and reactions as well. I rely on your videos a lot to help me succeed in my Orgo class.

[@Leah4sci]

I post a poll every weekend to choose Monday's topic. I also cover ethers and epoxides in detail in my orgo study hall program here: leah4sci.com/join

[@RookieGamerz-3110]

Just amazing. Best video on whole KZbin for acid derivative and their Interconversions.

[@Leah4sci]

Thank you, so glad you like it!

[@princessofmoney1]

best teacher!! thank you so much for this

[@Leah4sci]

You are so very welcome

[@prav3178]

Thank you so much for these videos. Despite being so in depth, its actually interesting and easy to learn because of your style of teaching!

[@Leah4sci]

I'm so happy to hear that, it's my goal to make things easier to understand. Glad I can help!

[@zengjess9741]

You are great! The r and S configuration confused for aged and you solved for me! Appreciate a lot !

[@Leah4sci]

Thank you so much! Glad my videos helped clarify R and S for you

[@nanazamini7188]

Thank u leah this video is the only things i need right now for my exam

[@Leah4sci]

I'm glad this came at the right time for you. Wishing you all the best on your exam

[@mwambobwalya1405]

I wrote my final exam in organic chemistry just wanted to say thank you for making it bearable

[@Leah4sci]

So happy that I was able to help you!

[@hadassachata4270]

Thank you so much for your hard work all these years. Please do aromatics, Enol Enolate , Amine and acid next! I know you have some of the pre-recorded lessons, but the live stream version is really super fun!

[@Leah4sci]

I really do enjoy the livestreams and plan to continue them weekly through the end of this semester. I post a poll each weekend to help choose the upcoming Monday's topic. Be sure to vote each week to help me choose

[@kylenguyen2606]

At 52:57 min, wouldn’t the ammonia be basic enough to abstract the acidic H from the carbox. acid? Ty

[@Leah4sci]

You're absolutely correct. This reaction will require an acid catalyst to not only keep the carboxy protonated, but also to protonate it AGAIN turning OH into an OH2+ good leaving group

[@haleydiaz5884]

I think the synthesis problem is incorrect. The starting carbon skeleton has 3 carbons, then you suddenly made a carbon disappear after the hydroboration oxidation step, which should not occur. In order to produce the desired product (in which we have two carbon atoms before the ester) then we would have to do ozonolysis under oxidizing conditions (i.e. 1. O3 2. H2O2). That we produce the carboxylic acid that we're looking for, and then we can use Fischer Esterification to make the correct ester.

[@Leah4sci]

Thank you for catching that, yes I completely missed the third carbon. Everything else holds, just add one more carbon to the parent chain

[@jomanaziadi6465]

THANK YOU.

[@Leah4sci]

You're welcome!

[@YEEAIKSENGNYJC2024-d1o]

I think for the last qn to step down: 1. NaOH (aq), I2 (aq) - haloform 2. concentrated H2SO4, heat under reflux with the alcohol.

[@Leah4sci]

at which point in the video?

[@theswave7975]

I appreciate u madam u helpmed my get an A+ in my organic chemistry exam thank u so much

[@Leah4sci]

That makes me so happy, congratulations on your A+! I'm honored to have been a part of this journey with you

[@martinitamaloii96]

I am struggling with Ochem iii and I have an exams in 19 days, I really need your help, is there anywhere I can send you my syllabus ?

[@martinitamaloii96]

Lesson 1: Nomenclature of carboxylic acids & derivatives This lesson revises the naming systems (common & IUPAC) of carboxylic acids and other acid derivatives, eg. acid halides, acid anhydrides, esters( including lactones), amides( including lactams) and nitriles. Upon completion of this lesson students should be able to - apply the functional group priorities and- propose IUPAC names for multifunctional carboxylic acid derivatives. Lesson 2 Physical properties of carboxylic acid s & derivatives Outlined in this lesson is the physical property trends of carboxylic acid derivatives, with specific reference to boiling points, and solubility. Also revised are the factors that influence the acidity of carboxylic acids and the acidity trends of dicarboxylic acids and substituted aromatic carboxylic acids. Upon completion of this lesson students should be able to explain why the boiling points of amides are higher than that of carboxylic acids. Students should also be able to propose an experimental procedure to separate a mixture comprising a phenol. alcohol and carboxylic acid. Lesson 3: Preparation & Reactions of Carboxylic acids This lesson covers the different methods (reactions, reagents and conditions ) for the synthesis of carboxylic acids. Also elaborated on is the synthetic utility of carboxylic acids; this entails the role of carboxylic acids as reagents in functional group interconversion reactions. Upon completion of this lesson students should be able to propose reagents & conditions for the conversion of carboxylic acids to: carboxylate salts, primary alcohols, acyl chlorides, esters or lactones, amides or lactams and ketones. Lesson 4: Acyl Substitution In this lesson students are introduced to the nucleophilic addition-elimination or acyl substitution mechanism, which is the preferred mechanism for the interconversion of carboxylic acid derivatives. Upon completion of this lesson students should be able to explain the reactivity trend of carboxylic acid derivatives and apply it when proposing acid interconversion reactions. Lesson 5: Preparation and Reactions of acyl halides & acid anhydrides This lesson introduces students to the chemistry of the two most reactive acid derivatives, being acid halides and acid anhydrides; with the acid halides being the most reactive. Upon completion of this lesson students should be able to propose reactions for the interconversion of acid halides and anhydrides to other acid derivatives. Lesson 6: Preparation and Reactions of Esters This lesson introduces students to the chemistry of esters. Upon completion of this lesson students should be able to propose reactions for the functional group interconversion of esters, explain the transesterification reactions and propose reagents and conditions for the synthesis of esters. Lesson 7: Preparation and Reactions of Amides This lesson introduces students to the chemistry of the least reactive acid derivatives, being amides. Upon completion of this lesson students should be able to propose mechanisms and reactions involving amides Lesson 8: Preparation and Reactions of Nitriles This short lesson introduces students to the chemistry of nitriles. Upon completion of this lesson students should be able to propose a mechanism for the conversion of nitriles to carboxylic acids acid under acid or base catalyzed conditions. Lesson 9: Carboxylic acids and derivatives continued This lesson introduces students to (i) qualitatitive test to differentiate between different carboxylic acid derivatives, and (ii) the spectral features ( IR, 1H & 13C -NMR, MS) of carboxylic acids and derivatives Upon completion of this lesson, students should be able to identify and differentiate between carboxylic derivatives using chemical analysis and spectroscopic data. Unit 3_ Lesson 1-5_ Lecture Notes _ Exercises and SolutionsFolder Lesson icon Unit 3_ Lesson 1-5 Done: View To do: Go through the activity to the end Lesson 1: Questions to be answered upon completion of this lesson include the following: A. Acidity of alpha-hydrogens of carbonyl compounds where are the reactivity sites of carbonyl compounds located? why are alpha-hydrogens acidic? why is it important to know/be aware of the acidity of a-hydrogens? why are the alpha-hydrogens of esters less acidic than those of aldehydes and ketones? B. Keto and enol tautomers How are tautomers different from resonance structures? What is the mechanism for keto-enol tautomerism under (i)acid-catalyzed and (ii)base-catalyzed conditions? What is the difference between an enol and an enolate? How do they differ in terms of reactivity? Lesson 2: Questions to be answered upon completion of this lesson include the following: A. Summary of types of enols and enolates -Why are enolates of carboxylic acids/1°or 2° amides not easily formed under basic conditions? - Why is the keto tautomer more stable than the enol tautomer? - Why are the α-hydrogen β-dicarbonyl compounds more acidic than those of mono carbonyl compounds? B. Regioselective formation of enolates -What is the difference between the thermodynamic(TE) and kinetic enolate(KE)? - Under which conditions will the TE and KE form? Lesson 3: On completing this lesson students should be able to: •Predict the products of reactions of enols and enolates •Propose mechanisms for alkylations, acylations, and other electrophile additions to enols and enolates Lesson 4: On completing this lessons students should be able to: •Propose a synthesis for substituted ketones using the acetoacetic ester synthesis • Propose a synthesis for substituted carboxylic acids using the malonic ester synthesis • Outline and propose mechanisms for the three-step Stork enamine reaction. Lesson 5: On completing this lessons students should be able to: •Differentiate between the types of condensation reaction. •Provide detailed mechanism (curved-arrow) for each condensation reaction. •Predict the outcome of a condensation reaction •Propose reaction conditions to form one product (primarily) in crossed Claisen and aldol condensation reactions. •Apply the conjugate addition, Robinson Annulation, Mannich reaction, aldol and Claisen condensation rxn in multistep synthesis UNIT4: AMINES Folder icon Unit 4_ Lessons 1-3_AMINES _ Lecture notes & ExercisesFolder Lesson 4: Unit 4: Lessons 1-3 To do: View To do: Go through the activity to the end Lesson 1: Structure, classification, nomenclature, physical & chemical properties of amines Lesson 2: Synthesis /Preparation of Amines Lesson 3: Reactions of amines; Qualitative test and spectral features of Amines Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this unit students should be able to Explain why amines cannot be resolved into separate enantiomers. Analyze the reactions and properties of amines. Propose methods for amine synthesis and understand the limitations of each method Apply the reactions of amines (Hofmann elimination, Diazotization, Sandmeyer reaction, etc) in multistep synthesis

[@Leah4sci]

I'd be happy to help you prepare for your upcoming exam. Reach out ot me here leah4sci.com/contact

[@martinitamaloii96]

@@Leah4sci Thank you, I will do it now.

[@shraddhawagh5491]

Does organic acid & carboxylic acid are the same?

[@Leah4sci]

A carboxylic acid is a type of acidic functional group in organic molecules. Not all organic acids contain carboxylic acid groups, but most do.

[@eman4159]

is there Carboxylic Acid reactions mechanisims

[@Leah4sci]

Yes, do you mean is there a video?

[@steveng724]

Hello Ms. Leah, I believe you made a slight error. SO₂ must be the product, not SO₂Cl, because the escape of SO₂ gas is key to driving the reaction forward via Le Chatelier's principle. In this reaction, you're converting a relatively unreactive carboxylic acid into a highly reactive acyl chloride. The formation of SO₂ gas is what helps overcome the energetic barrier. As SO₂ leaves the system, the reaction shifts toward more product formation. SO₂Cl, on the other hand, would be much less stable since it is not neutral like SO₂ and has a positive formal charge . Additionally , I believe SO₂Cl, is not a real documented stand-alone species, that would probably not be a gas if it did exist since most chlorine-containing species are not gases .

[@Leah4sci]

Thank you so much for pointing this out. Do you remember where it comes up in the video? (So I can note this for future students watching)

[@steveng724]

@@Leah4sci Hello the error is at 31:50 .

[@Leah4sci]

@@steveng724 Thank you! I added a note in the pinned comment.