Making a Circuit Board From Scratch

PLEASE READ THIS VIDEO DESCRIPTION FOR DETAILS:
Here, I make a control unit for creating chaser animations for my various electrical projects. It's composed of two circuit boards, one that handles the logic and another to control the high-voltage loads. The full circuit is programmed with numerous animation patterns, the speed and brightness of which can be adjusted with a control panel.
Note: This video is not intended to be a tutorial. To learn the ins and outs of making PCBs at home, Google "PCB toner transfer method." However, I have included some notes below. If you have a question, I'm happy to answer it in the comments if it hasn't already been answered here.
PATREON EXCLUSIVES
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TOOLS & MATERIALS FEATURED IN THIS VIDEO
(MORE DETAILS BELOW)
▶ Autodesk (formerly CadSoft) Eagle: goo.gl/EMM1YT
▶ HP Glossy Premium Presentation Paper (CG988A): (Apparently, this is no longer produced. If you find a good alternative, please let everyone know in the comments.)
▶ Pulsar Toner Transfer Paper (Somewhat easier alternative to the HP Glossy, recommended for beginners): amzn.to/2s0WJpQ
▶ MG Chemicals Copper Clad Board: amzn.to/2s8UDVK
▶ ClassicCut Ingento Paper Cutter 1152 (New version): amzn.to/2s9bFmB
▶ Goof Off Professional Strength Remover: amzn.to/2raI5II
▶ White Cotton Gloves, Medium: amzn.to/2s8Pk8O
▶ White Cotton Gloves, Large: amzn.to/2s17cBE
▶ 250mL Graduated Cylinder: amzn.to/2s1hnGi
▶ Proxxon FBS 115/E Precision Rotary Tool: amzn.to/2rGeL0a
▶ Proxxon Drill Stand MB 140/S: amzn.to/2s1azsk
▶ Weller WLC100 Soldering Station: amzn.to/2sIaUxV
▶ Husky 6-Piece Mini Pliers Set: amzn.to/2sZ17ml
▶ Arduino Uno R3 (Replacement model to my Duemilanove): amzn.to/2s1qM0O
▶ USBtinyISP V2 AVR ISP Programmer (Newer model than mine): amzn.to/2s1yzvB
▶ Techspray Fine-L-Kote HT: goo.gl/nNMcBq
▶ Smooth-On Mold Star Silicone 15 Slow, Trial Unit (See below for more info): amzn.to/2sIf1Kz
▶ Smooth-On Smooth-Cast 320 Resin, Trial Unit (See below for more info): amzn.to/2rGq2gG
OTHER NOTES
▶ I design my circuit boards in Autodesk Eagle and print the final layup from Adobe Illustrator.
▶ The sanding is to remove surface oxidation on the copper-clad board. As you might be able to tell, this particular stock had been sitting for quite a while and had become pretty cloudy.
▶ The laminator I use is GBC's Personal Laminator, model 1701987. It's no longer manufactured, but you can find a current, recommended model at www.pcbfx.com/m.... This is where I was led to the GBC I use, which I've been very happy with for a number of years.
▶ I use an HP LaserJet HP1102w in this video, but most laser printers will work. (The toner in Brother printers is generally reported not to give good results, however.) Will your specific printer work? I don't know, since I don't have one to test.
▶ I wear cotton gloves once I begin cleaning the copper-clad board (a) to avoid contaminating it with oils before applying the toner mask, and (b) because the boards get pretty hot coming out of the laminator.
▶ I use Goof Off Professional Strength Remover to clean the boards and to remove the toner, but regular acetone works, too.
▶ The etching solution is 2 parts hydrogen peroxide (available at any drug store) and 1 part muriatic acid (available at nearly any hardware store).
▶ The toner mask sometimes looks white because, with the HP paper I use, a thin layer of paper sticks to the toner. It appears lighter or darker depending on lighting and moisture.
▶ The "silk screen" on the top is added simply by using the same toner-transfer process.
▶ The red thing with all the holes in it is a homemade fume extractor.
▶ I program the microcontroller using an Arduino Duemilanove (see above for newer model) through the USBTiny ISP Programmer (see above for newer model). Note: I cannot provide support for these items.
▶ The spray I coat the circuit boards with is Techspray's Fine-L-Kote HT, a conformal coating that prevents oxidation. It can be soldered through if necessary.
▶ I created the original circuit box from modeling styrene, then molded it using Smooth-On Mold Star silicone. The cast is made with Smooth-Cast 320 resin. Casting a box is a little pricier, but saves loads of time over building one from scratch every time. You can find more about these materials at www.smooth-on.com.
▶ The arrow shown at the end is a custom, scaled-up version of my Bristow arrow (satelluxe.com/p....

[@jimboyle8739]

The paper you recommend is no longer available. Have you found a good substitute?

[@WesleyTreat]

I haven't tried any alternatives, but you might try HP's Everyday Laser Glossy FSC Paper, which looks to have similar specs (amzn.to/2Boogbt). Note: I have not tried this and I don't know if it will work. If you anyone tries it, please report back.

[@erengul9870]

@@WesleyTreat I have used these before. They do work.

[@MoT-MasterOfThings]

@Wesley treat, i did my computer engineering, and till date i hardly remember the names of circuit. I only studied definition of all circuits, and some practicals from books. I never think of - Building a board from scratch ( bcz, that requires understanding of circuit) Questions - how you got this kind of deep knowledge about all the components.? What study you have completed? Are you have some exceptional brain and i dont? What is the difference that , you can do and we normal engineering students can't. Is there difference between education?

[@erengul9870]

@@MoT-MasterOfThings Education teaches you how to learn in my opinion. You can't just go university and except to learn everything. Its called passion, you gotta learn yourself. No one taught IBM workers how to make a motherboard.

[@AbdullahPunctureWale-II]

@@erengul9870 True... This is truely inspirational.... I will also try to build a "toy" mother board..... soon..

[@miteb.decarburetor3985]

I love the style of the video! No useless talk, nothing distracting. The best description is "I do and I understand"

[@kerDwyn4093]

it makes no sense at all to someone trying to figure out how to do it. It doesn't say if the printed thing is just papar or some kind of plastic or some other material. i assume it is some kind of material because later it does not disolve. what is the black thing he runs it through 4 times.... It doesnt say if the 1st liquid he put it into is water or some kind of acid.

[@WesleyTreat]

​@@kerDwyn4093 You could try, you know, reading the video description, as suggested in the comment pinned to the very top.

[@soyNYZ]

Right. Just showed the ingredients and see how its made.

[@StanbyMode]

@@kerDwyn4093 idiot

[@bluedaylight1243]

@@StanbyMode wow, why you so mad

[@jakelear792]

I work for a printed circuit boards company and it can be so stressful at times but you just made this look ridiculously satisfying

[@GogramanSam]

The most interesting video on KZbin I've ever seen.

[@Lelik744]

Снято шикарно, профессионально. Классный ролик. И PCB тоже классно сделал

[@genkidama7385]

i agree, this guy made his own device from scratch, so much respect. even the box case is done perfectly.

[@nkohanowski]

Ha! Macgyver with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, OCD... If he only had three days to design and four days to build an anti Russian hacking box. .." Ха! Macgyver с обсессивно-компульсивным расстройством, OCD ... Если у него было всего три дня на дизайн и четыре дня на создание антироссийской взломанной коробки Kha! Macgyver s obsessivno-kompul'sivnym rasstroystvom, OCD ... Yesli u nego bylo vsego tri dnya na dizayn i chetyre dnya na sozdaniye antirossiyskoy vzlomannoy korobki"...

[@haileymcgowan8784]

Ive thought about this for so long I just didn’t know when the right time to watch it would be lol

[@ItsKevinBroPSN]

And not a single word

[@senthilnathanviswanathan4924]

Bro, I am a layman in electronics. PCB and the various components look terrible to me. Don't know how such a complicated looking PCBs are made. You made me understand in a better way, without talking one word. That's great.

[@johndoe-lz8fo]

I wish I had someone like you to teach me this stuff when I was kid. Or have an education system that taught us hands on learning like this. You should think about teaching this stuff at a school!

[@SimplyDuker]

Only if you have the hots for it tho. Otherwise, you'd find it very tedious and brain-melting.

[@elsauramba2059]

School was put to manipulate us, all of the crap that we learnt didnt work, we didnt use it, but if they tought us skills we would be powerful

[@unbendedurchin1821]

Is this electrical engineering in a nutshell?

[@johnv4102]

For anyone to acquire the knowledge and then make the actual fabrication of a finished product as you illustrated here, would most likely take months of research and practice unless they have worked with someone like you. With this message I just wanted to express my gratitude for putting this well edited video and following up with important details in the description. So for lack of a better word... THANK YOU!!!

[@WesleyTreat]

Thanks, John. Glad you enjoyed it!

[@__Shade9__]

This is fantastic! My 7 year old son is obsessed with circuit boards, he keeps pulling them out of everything and really wants to learn how to make them. We both really enjoyed this video thank you:)

[@johnnyjxdthegod2655]

Not the KZbinr but glad u found something u needed

[@unbendedurchin1821]

So basically if you’re child is smart, he needs to complete algebra before high school and he needs to start calculus or have it partially finished by the end of high school and then he will take physics and that’s really where people quit because math is easy at that point (just a geometric tool really) and it becomes more about problem solving and solving things on your own so if you give him a lot of legos this will help and if you teach him how to cook and become somewhat independent and have a good complex about himself then he will be at the top of school I know this because I was close to being the smartest but I fell short and i am an average engineer which is still good to have but I certainly won’t be making any breakthroughs but I can still do my job just not as fast as the smartest who do it

[@miloalvarez5020]

@@unbendedurchin1821humble

[@IronShredd]

I would never have thought that a tutorial regarding something of this nature would have been at all effective without oral commentary. This video proved me wrong.

[@ghrocker99661]

Please have children, and please have a lot of them. We need more smart and talented people like you, seriously.

[@WesleyTreat]

Thanks, but that is one thing I will not make. There are plenty of how-to videos I can point you to, though.

[@warheadssociety8177]

Currently in Late Youth, I am not gonna say my Age, I do make Small 8 Bit Motherboards using 7/8 Integrated circuits. I use Color Code Resistors too. Only one in my School who doesn't get Fortnite. I am not a A Student though. But still, Nerds don't Really Innovate. Neither do Jocks.

[@Nelekochara]

eugenics. sweet.

[@heidis8713]

@ Robert, it takes all types to make the world go around. We all love our gadgets - and I'm not dismissing the incredible minds of inventors - but imagine if we didn't have guys willing to do the dirty or dangerous work. Who is gonna collect the trash? Fix the sewage pipes? Repair electrical lines?

[@chrisalister2297]

I was doing this when I was 15. Radio Shack sold a PCB making kit back in the mid-1980s. Think it was $15-$20. A lot of money for a kid back then. Had to use the small plastic hand-crank drill to make the holes.

[@WesleyTreat]

Thanks for all the great feedback, everyone! Please see the video description for all the details. And if you like watching things get made, please subscribe.

[@xvanilla1034]

you're a professional!

[@jakep8484]

Can you make a video on how to create a mold like that?

[@aabhaskrjha]

fantabulous

[@cmuller1441]

Too much talking! 😆

[@deshantdevkota2563]

TeachME i Want To lEarn

[@creuzm]

On behalf of humanity, I hereby award you the highest level of distinction. The world is a better place because of you. Keep it up.

[@bablutu]

No boring intro, no stupid music, straight to the subject, great presentation, this is how you win subscribers.

[@EMPBossHacks]

@Wesley Treat This is one of the best tutorials Ive seen in my entire life

[@mrbeep8096]

This dude is out here making Circuit Boards from scratch while I am sitting in my room doing nothing with my life. I got to learn more so I can begin making my own circuit boards for my own purposes.

[@jimmydiresta]

So fu'kin cool!! I have to try this

[@WesleyTreat]

Thanks! Feel free to message me if you have any questions.

[@WesleyTreat]

+TheRaellz The chip is an ATMega and I programmed it with the Arduino IDE. (I used an Arduino with a USBtinyISP to program it without the bootloader.) Good luck!

[@princeondeliya6332]

@@WesleyTreat ur contact no

[@haoxiong7077]

I am quite enjoying this video, BTW the etching part is so perfect that it almost looks like an industry made PCB.

[@armandomagallon6588]

Very good no irritating background music ,no useless talking just pure details .

[@gladwingeorge1374]

One of the best home-based "complete" electronic hardware design videos. Great job!! You inspire me to build stuff on my own.

[@tisabethelbanda3780]

Whatever machine that’s running in the background…it’s so soothing, worse off if you close your eyes… I don’t know why I searched “how to build motherboard” but I’m glad I found your videos, very informative ❤

[@KevinGenus]

I need to be an apprentice with this guy, this is incredible!

[@MrDavidsdale1]

Wow, not sure which is more fascinating your skills or the manner you capture the process step by step...thank you for sharing.

[@pcelarstvo7971]

This is poetry of video making! Enjoyed, subscribed. excellent job.

[@samuelranta8617]

I loved the fact that not a word was spoken, just shown! Others make three times longer videos never getting this much in one. In this, the whole process was compressed to 10 minutes!

[@davidlescarbeau521]

Man, I've never seen someone work as beautifully as you do! This is not only interesting, it's also very educating!I just loved it.

[@kiraelayne]

Not only is this super cool if you want to see how a circuit board is made, but the cinematography is by far the best I've seen as of late on KZbin. Props to everyone involved in the creating and editing this video!

[@slavric]

I was most impressed by the quality of toner transfer and of course enclosure making. Very informative video indeed.

[@pkf4124]

Proof that instructional videos need neither words nor text, just a smile at the end. ..... Subscribed

[@nabeelghanim]

best video in youtube, no word yet says alot.

[@cagedaf8806]

I'm 45. I attended a vocational school my junior and senior year of high school where I learned every process in this video. I made a guitar distortion pedal and strobe light from scratch. I didn't follow electronics but now have the itch to make a few things and couldn't remember what the copper dissolving mixture was. thank you

[@ScottTurnerformeindustrious]

Damn that was clever - well done!

[@hardkrash]

You are the first person I have seen show proper soldering iron storage in a video! WOO HOO! Tin the tip before storing!

[@biancamaria5970]

I am so impressed with this video that im subscribing right now!!. 1. Amazing Camera work. I mean really, if anyone has to comment it will be compliments! 2. Attention to detail blows me away with the camera placement, zoom, explanation, parts list, soldering that box you made is unreal!! 3. Why isn't that a speed controller for a space ship :P

[@supernoobishdude371]

For 10 min I watched you and you didn't say a word but yet I understood everything. You were both educational and entertaining. I even could feel the passion towards your work. Keep up the good work and thank you for the video.

[@enyoc3d]

this is the best video on youtube

[@BharatElectronics]

How to install altium20 kzbin.info/www/bejne/hajVd6SsjsyEmbM

[@linandy1]

Wow, the suspense to see what you had made really got me .

[@JMTosses]

About a year later I must say this video aged well - actually it's timeless. Thank you for putting this together - I think I might give this a shot instead of going for a small CNC. Great content. By the way - now that this is over a year old, would you change anything or has there been an update on the process since? Cheers!

[@festerbestertester2232]

Awesome video - great camera work, no incessant chatter or ridiculous music, showing very clearly each step. Very well done - best one us newb PCB builders have found. Thank you for sharing, good luck with your projects!

[@papatoeknee]

Very cool, right down to the sound effects. Now let me go find the thumbs up!

[@jessstuart7495]

I'm amazed how well that molded case turned out. No bubbles or voids! Well done Sir!

[@JoshuaCasper]

Mesmerizing ... I am jealous of your skill!!

[@EE-hu9zx]

Absolutely beautiful video. I clean offices at cmu and have been sooo curious about the invisible technology that controls our world. Your series will help illuminate the masses in a way never before seen. Your heart and smile were very evident long before the final shot showing your face. The editing, shots etc had a strong pulse of enlightenment I could palpably feel, amazing, illuminating, revolutionary, brilliant, essential learning...I bow deeply to you sir

[@davinciclaude6037]

I am from island I used plywood, nails and copper wire to make PCB. They were work of art, but when I see this video I realize that I was in the stone age.

[@abdulmsiddiqui4344]

Those arent pcbs (printed circuit boards.) they were called breadboards or prototypes

[@KingLordLele]

@@abdulmsiddiqui4344 they aren't breadboards, breadboards are a completely different thing

[@DynamicSeq]

That's how I first started...Brass nails and copper wire...

[@ashrafali2535]

It’s rare that you watch just one video and subscribe to a channel! You deserve more sir.

[@salvadormedina1856]

This is the first and only video that had captured my attention entirely to make me instantly subscribe without ever watching another video from the same channel

[@DonnyBwelding1]

Fascinating !!! Thank you so much for making this :)

[@ishthaish]

Wow! amazing . You make it look so simple and so easy . I wish I had your workshop .

[@alexkriska9544]

For computer-nerds like us, this is basically porn. Great video!

[@SI-nh1kw]

lmaoo TRUE AF

[@E-2.71]

Well Said!! Kim

[@kadenduzan8405]

Kim Jong Sins except you don’t have to switch between tabs or close your laptop when your mom comes in the room

[@onlybhavin]

Realy

[@Moloc2230]

Lol damn right

[@annabellethepitty]

The little trick you did with the speed of the video and the drill press was cool.

[@derecwilsom4546]

love the video, i laughed out loud when the camera fell over, watched it all though :)

[@WildmanTech]

Cool trick with the laminator to transfer the resist. Totally worth the price of admission for that alone!

[@PetersonRyan97]

You really know how to make a good video!

[@ygormartinsr]

When I clicked on this video I was expecting it to be the ol' classy 144p tutorial being recorded with a smartphone with non-stop useless comments and a loud af ncs song playing on the background. But oh boy, was I wrong. This is definitely the best tutorial I've ever seen. Straight to the point and very well executed. Props to the creator!

[@janicknorman9396]

epic video.

[@markconger8049]

I have watched several videos on making circuitboards just to see the various ways people do it. I like this video because it covered more than just the board. And, in so doing, pointed out a product I need but hadn't seen used - the liquid plastic. Just what I need for my own project.

[@ZapattaZ]

Beautyfull vidéo, I love ambient sounds too

[@emanuelpaschal2210]

One of the most beautiful and satisfying video I ever seen since I started to use KZbin

[@lolsypussy]

The process is music to the ears. I have worked with old school and now doing modern fabrication methods but I always watch this when I had the chance.

[@mrchickene1805]

Amazing job. I understand the circuit board part ( and it was excellent) but I was floored by how you made your own box. How did you get/make the rubber mold for the box?

[@proccessingunit2337]

It looks like it may have been a silicon mold. Perhaps he created a wooden box and submerged it in silicon to get the wood. Or perhaps it was store bought

[@lawrencemanning]

That was the most interesting bit for me too. Especially interesting to see someone NOT use a 3D printer to achieve the same thing.

[@markschuurman4000]

@@lawrencemanning Reading the introduction of Wesley Treat it says: I created the original circuit box from modeling styrene, then molded it using Smooth-On Mold Star silicone. The cast is made with Smooth-Cast 320 resin. Casting a box is a little pricier, but saves loads of time over building one from scratch every time. You can find more about these materials at www.smooth-on.com.

[@phgodts]

Never thought to use a laminator to transfer the toner. Thanks for the tip!

[@powermouze]

O.H. M.Y. G.O.D! Dude you rulez!

[@KeitelDOG]

The guy make 3 genius things look simple in the same video. There's no word, WOW

[@GUPRPEET-Singh]

for me even sounds was also amazing....

[@hi-hc2ql]

Anyone else catching a small asmr vibe from this video? Loved it! Keep it up.

[@alfredoborrero8631]

This is amazing, very neat ... How did you do the mold for the device box?

[@WesleyTreat]

Thanks! I used Smooth-On's Mold Star silicone. They've got some good tutorials on their site: www.smooth-on.com/applications/basics-mold-making/?tags=video-tutorial

[@oddis188]

Brings back school memories. I loved these as a 10y old. We just had to do the circuits with paint

[@oddis188]

Ps. Love them still

[@junaidkhan7069]

what kind of paper are you using??

[@kiwiblue1606]

Amazing, you have an entire production line

[@ighosilva5589]

what kind of paper you are using to print out the layout...???

[@knifesk]

Probably glossy photographic paper

[@glwoods8762]

Nice video. It's great for someone who doesn't know enough to know what they don't know. It really puts me in the right direction to make my own boards. Thanks!

[@lyteyearz5810]

7:16 Sponsored by BRAZZERS 😬😈😂

[@darrenbird2526]

Wow! What a channel! I honestly believe I have found the "Channel" of "Channels"... You are now my Guru! I will follow you, wherever you go! I am literally addicted and as it's 38C outside, I am sitting on the couch for the whole of today,catching your channel. I think I'll have to become a patreon, as you deserve to be paid for, your very detailed and professional content, your knowledge and what we can learn from you goes without saying! You are now at the top of my pile! Cheers from Tasmania, Australia!

[@ShaunakDe]

Is it just me or did anyone else hear 'flight of the bumblebees' during the drilling.

[@MrPazz1972]

This video was so elegant and intuitive. A masterpiece.

[@pratyushchandra867]

The most underrated Satisfying video.

[@domenicoteodonio6421]

Best know-how I've seen for self-made electronics (and not only). Respect!

[@arkadihughes4893]

I learned so much from this, and you didn't say a word. Great video, thank you

[@alanlee7068]

If fact, you don't need etch all space metal, just etch a trench around the wire and foot pads. it has four effects: 1. To shorten etch time . 2. to improve etch quality from avoid over etching. 3. etch solvent to be reusable and durable by less copper contained. 4. to keep the large metal space on board is good for EMI against .

[@thetiredtechie2704]

Who could possibly dislike this video? Engineering ASMR right there. Thank you Wesley for a great tutorial!

[@Zarlax]

How have I never seen this before?!? This answered so many questions. A diy board has been on my list for eons, now - I just need a project that requires it lol!

[@IronDave1985]

There is something wholly satisfying about this video.

[@Madogen]

This is actually to a very high standard. Nicely done sir.

[@StephenThorley]

Wow casting your own box that's going above and beyond ... I'm impressed.. could you do a video of your construction process for creating the box from modeling through to casting ?

[@thedillestpickle]

That was incredible! The plastic case molding part blew my mind.

[@Shine___10101]

This is so satisfying to watch. I learned a lot from it and the audio really helped me relax at the same time. Plus, the final output is so amazing 👌. The effort put into making this project and the video itself is very commendable. I finally found a great ASMR to save too, hehe. Thank you so much for making this video, Sir!

[@klhmia]

When I get so triggered over people's lengthy intros and overly talkative bullshit, I come here just to relax knowing there is perfect like this out there. This is fucking beautiful.

[@damonsisk4270]

May not be intended as a tutorial, but 100x better than the typical wordy tutorial!

[@TheYooToob2000]

This is so cool. And a bazillion bonus points for not using stupid KZbin music in your video. This was really awesome.

[@EnCoberturaScenery]

My friend, this is a really nice video!! I remember when made PCB with acid and handmade drills, times without CNC. Very clean work, handmade, but clean and professional. Congratulations!! My best wishes from Spain!

[@3thirty689]

That was incredible. Men like you change the world. You are limitless

[@fuadmaayeh8813]

Oh WOW WOW WOW this is the first video I see in my life that is extremely powerful & effective without human voice

[@MrPnew1]

Who needs a 3D printer around when Wesley is casting. Fantastic result.

[@TheTrblesm]

The editing of this deserves a million likes. Nice board!

[@royshashibrock3990]

Video is one of the best - good quality video, straight to the point (no wasted time), very informative. My only complaint is he did not show us the board being screen printed - that is what sets a board apart as professionally done, and this step is often omitted by amateurs (including myself). Overall good video.

[@WesleyTreat]

I had thought to skip it only because I felt the video was getting too long, and it was just the same process repeated on the other side. Thanks! 👍

[@jeanious2009]

God damn dude I thought you were just going to print and etch the board...yo' ass started polluting the board with components, then even made the housing from scratch...fucking amazing dude...just fucking AMAZING!!

[@hazratusman4869]

Man we need teachers like you

[@royalheathen7899]

Didn't even watch yet, but can tell its gonna be awesome, amazing start within 5 seconds man!!

[@amomandhertoddler1227]

I've been working at a PCB coating house for about 6 years now and everytime I pick up a board I always wonder what it goes into exactly (we don't always know due to government/military restrictions, were just told the class) or how it was made. This was so interesting to watch. Thank you! 🙂🙂

[@PeterLawton]

One thing that is cool is that the answer to your question keeps changing. Improvements in parts, designs, and ideas just keep happening, evolving what's inside.

[@ajeethsuryash5123]

You should be in Hollywood making movies... Really, your professional skills inspires me... Bravo... You are the Bear grills of Engineering...

[@podilichaitanyaakhilkumar4911]

Simply superb. No words can reach out your hard work.