Mass spectrometry part 1 : introduction

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Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that produces spectra (singular spectrum) of the masses of the molecules comprising a sample of material. The spectra are used to determine the elemental composition of a sample, the masses of particles and of molecules, and to elucidate the chemical structures of molecules, such as peptides and other chemical compounds. Mass spectrometry works by ionizing chemical compounds to generate charged molecules or molecule fragments and measuring their mass-to-charge ratios.[1]
In a typical MS procedure, a sample, which may be solid, liquid, or gas, is ionized. The ions are separated according to their mass-to-charge ratio.[1] The ions are detected by a mechanism capable of detecting charged particles. Signal processing results are displayed as spectra of the relative abundance of ions as a function of the mass-to-charge ratio. The atoms or molecules can be identified by correlating known masses to the identified masses or through a characteristic fragmentation pattern.
A mass spectrometer consists of three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector.[2] The ionizer converts a portion of the sample into ions. There is a wide variety of ionization techniques, depending on the phase (solid, liquid, gas) of the sample and the efficiency of various ionization mechanisms for the unknown species. An extraction system removes ions from the sample, which are then trajected through the mass analyzer and onto the detector. The differences in masses of the fragments allows the mass analyzer to sort the ions by their mass-to-charge ratio. The detector measures the value of an indicator quantity and thus provides data for calculating the abundances of each ion present. Some detectors also give spatial information, e.g. a multichannel plate.
Mass spectrometry has both qualitative and quantitative uses. These include identifying unknown compounds, determining the isotopic composition of elements in a molecule, and determining the structure of a compound by observing its fragmentation. Other uses include quantifying the amount of a compound in a sample or studying the fundamentals of gas phase ion chemistry (the chemistry of ions and neutrals in a vacuum). MS is now in very common use in analytical laboratories that study physical, chemical, or biological properties of a great variety of compounds.
As an analytical technique it possesses distinct advantages such as: 1. Increased sensitivity over most other analytical techniques because the analyzer, as a mass-charge filter, reduces background interference 2. Excellent specificity from characteristic fragmentation patterns to identify unknowns or confirm the presence of suspected compounds. 3. Information about molecular weight. 4. Information about the isotopic abundance of elements. 5. Temporally resolved chemical data.
A few of the disadvantages of the method is that often fails to distinguish between optical and geometrical isomers and the positions of substituent in o-, m- and p- positions in an aromatic ring. Also, its scope is limited in identifying hydrocarbons that produce similar fragmented ions.[3] Source of the article published in description is Wikipedia. I am sharing their material. Copyright by original content developers of Wikipedia.
Link- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

[@nivethas3881]

Sir..iam a pg chemistry student I have taken notes from ur video...not even touched any other reference..yesterday I have taken seminar on mass instrumentation... I got claps from the lecturer..bcos of ur videos on mass instrumentation and the basics..I think u deserve that...claps

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

I am really proud of you. Thank you for appreciating my efforts. Thank you.

[@saramurugesh1576]

@@shomusbiologyofficial very useful video sir..I'm also doing 1 st pg on biochemistry....

[@saramurugesh1576]

I'm 1 st yr pg student I have no idea about mass spec once I saw ur video ..it's really very clear about mass spec.. thank you sir.. kindly make more videos about instrumentation topics sir

[@ayanghosh4832]

Sir, yesterday it was exam about mass spectrometry, and I scored 37/40 It totally done for you... sir I love you so much, thank you sir

[@varelovissa]

You helped me way more than uni lecturers through undergrad and I still come back to your lectures now in my second year of PhD. Thank you for doing this!!! You’re a Saint.

[@faradpack]

I agree a little error in mass is fine!! BUT, come on guys, please do not say molecular weight of H, It is Atomic weight of H =1, molecular weight of Hydrogen (H2) is 2, H is atom, H2 molecule

[@senka9119]

corrtect 5h=5 only

[@deeptirane3602]

However sir! Glycine has hydrogen atom not molecules(H2). Thus the molecular weight for 5H should be 5 . Unless it is deuterium instead of protium.

[@fabianatormente6967]

Thank you so much for sharing your knowledge about MS, I' ve tried to understand what really happens inside the equipment and with your video I could finally get it!!! I coursed a Proteomic discipline during master classes, and I was disappointed because they had to explain the basics first, as you did! As a result, me and my coleagues went out without the most important part of the content! I'm really thankful and I just can't wait to see the other parts!!! Congrats!!! I hope to be a nice teacher as you do!!! Regards from Brazil :-)

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

2 things for correction- It should be molecular mass not molecular weight i spell "peak" wrong. it should be "peak" but not "pick"

[@manisha_mehra]

sir atomic mass for hydrogen is 1

[@blessingsmwansa3049]

and molecular mass for glycine is 75g/mol Good presentation.

[@kasireddydr]

Nice...presentation, dont look into mistakes,,all we know.the atomic weights of elements.the question was either we understand r not....keep it up...

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I'm a biotechnology masters student and I just wanted to let you know you have helped me so much with your videos, so thank you alotttttt

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

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[@pelluriharibabu5955]

Sir Really it was awe some presentation. i am mesmerized. got clear. because at this time i am lack of knowledge about GC. When i am surfing about GC accidentally i got into urs presentation. thanks a lot.

[@mamta7971]

Thank u so much sir u always help me to study biochemistry topics I'm very thankful to u bcoz without any guidance biochemistry is very big deal to understand

[@pallavibejalwar6524]

Apart from the calculation part, video was helpful in understanding basic working and mechanism of mass spectrometry.

[@bhushangayake2840]

Hydrogen having Atomic mass 1.0079 amu. Overall really nice explanation. It is helpful for understanding the Spectroscopy.

[@MegaPitchblender]

Nevermind the crab comments Suman. Those who dont like it don't pliz dont discourage.....Best starting material for newbees

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Thank You

[@munawarahmed9674]

very nice and very clear - GOD bless you keep it up shamu thanks

[@maryambegum9521]

Thank you so much sir. It was such an excellent video that cleared all my concepts. 🦋🙂

[@ranitaramesh2592]

Thank you so much for all the effort you have put into this! This gives a bit more clarity of the concept.

[@suneelrathore2159]

thank you so much about mass spectrometry basic, yes little errors on example of molecular Mass but it moves

[@vinayvarma2891]

Thank u sir u r exaplaination is gud it helps me alot in exams 4rm basic point of view onces again thank u....

[@shanmukh1380]

nice presentation i liked it and thank you so much for upload

[@dealnewschannel8508]

Hi What is the best and portable type of spectrometer which used in analyzing he isotopes in a gas ? same

[@arifibrahim3724]

Dear Sir, your lecture is full of knowledge thank you very much. I had a question in my mind "How to determine the number of monolayers in graphene using Raman spectroscopy". kindly help me

[@granmaphil3381]

This will definitely help people. You did a good job. :)

[@reinstamedia551]

molcular mass of hydrogen is 1.007 only , molecular mass of glycine will be 75. nice presentation.

[@ShireenHussain81]

Thank you for a very good and simple start

[@sasibobbili7647]

Very clear explanation about introduction ... thnq so much sir ...

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[@saumyatagahtyari7724]

Before starting this chapter, I thought, I should take small tutorial about this chapter introduction, and i taken help from your video sir, seriously now I can start this chapter happily because you have explained this chapter introduction brilliantly. Thanku sir😊

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome. Glad to hear that you're getting benefit from my lectures

[@piphong8731]

The way you explain is super easy to understand! Thank you for a great lesson :)

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

+Pi Phong thank you for appreciating

[@nadaj.9943]

Thank u so much for this clearly and interesting explanation! u litteraly explain all I need to know and more !

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome. Glad to hear that you're getting benefit from my lectures. Please subscribe and share

[@mahamaalhassan776]

You good, you provided the basic tool in understanding mass spec. Thanks for that,,, (y)

[@pavadaiarumugam9723]

No other videos are best than this. Really very helpful. Thank you so much sir.

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

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[@habibboroun2787]

I am really appreciated for the video as it was really helpful for me.

[@jyotsnapriyam3972]

Awesome.....thanks a lot...plz upload some more videos on analytical bio techniques

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[@saminazehra456]

u can define it more easily rather than making it complicated but thanks it is also useful

[@mayaraeufrasio8866]

Your explanation helped me a lot. Thank you so much!

[@mumarakbar4768]

Mayara Eufrasio hi

[@sreyagupta7466]

Dear Shomu, how Molecular ion with one positive charge could break into fragments where all of them contain positive charge? it only possible if the molecular ion lose more electrons during the fragmentation. If so, a large number of electrons will be generated in the chamber which might repeal the parent electron required for the bombardment.

[@deboralgo]

Very very good and complete lecture! Thank you so much.

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome

[@samantha.patriot]

Perfect! Many Many Thanks Shomu :)

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[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Thank you. Glad you liked my lectures

[@balrajerathod8833]

Please solve this question Q. Interpret Mossbauer spectra of FeSO4, 7H20 from given data ( given , δ= 0.119 aqnd 0.130 cm/sec, Δ EQ= 0.32)

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[@shomusbiologyofficial]

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[@MsBeen23]

thankyou so much sir :) great job, i am so thankful..

[@lakshminarayanamanyam5484]

sir ji, i had a doubt regarding molecular weight of hydrogen atom and glycine

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Thank you sir .your teaching is excellent. thank you for simplifying the topic .

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Thank you so much for appreciating my efforts

[@kenishathomas4660]

this was an excellent video, it helped me thanks. I noticed the incorrect calculations too. I suggest writing an annotation to inform visitors who do not know better of your error. keep up the good job thanks for the videos!!!

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

+kate thomas thank you. I will keep that in mind

[@parulsingh6238]

Having a doubt Sir when electrons hit the molecule it develops positive charge but when another electron would come to hit that molecule then it might not get attracted by that positive charge??? And to be get stable why molecules break themselves apart instead of completing it's octate

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Thanks it was really helpful.

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[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome

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[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Glad you liked my lectures

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[@quantum7401]

I have some 14-day old urine in the refrigerator, I want to drug screen it via GC/MS. Will the results still be valid? What is Forensic protocol, in regards to length of time a sample is valid?

[@mayankshekhar1426]

sir your all spectroscopic parts good , you left onlly one uv visible spectroscopy. so i request you to upload that spectroscopy also.

[@fredeisele1895]

Should make it clear that ion acceleration is induced by an electric field not a magnetic field. The magnetic field deflects the moving ions.

[@pharmadna3939]

Hats off legend It's really appreciate to watch video No mistakes No extra chutiyapa No hard way Sabse badi baat I seen 4-5 videos on that mass spectrometry Every one say it spectroscopy Except u

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Thank you

[@nitincharbe1331]

i think fragmentation is because of the electron bombardment,,,also the peak of the molecular ion will be on farthest right on the graph,,, by this way we can identify parent peak,,

[@sheeezashoukat6068]

Kindly upload video on TMT (tandem mass tag) techniques for quantification

[@rashmiverma8510]

Nice video but the molecular weight of hydrogen atom is 1. Molecular weight of glycine is therefore 75.

[@dr.sriramakrishna7325]

really good for learners , but little bit changes are to be need.

[@poojadubey8540]

Thank you sir..i am btech biotech student and i have presentation on mass spectroscopy... Ur lecture is very helpful for me..

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Glad to help you out

[@poojadubey8540]

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[@Sunshine-zi7oy]

you are just amazing.. God bless you

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Thank you

[@shaunwong6327]

Thank you so much

[@hussaian143]

how you ll get protein structure from mass spectra....

[@arunaa7058]

Thank you sir ..this video helpful for preaparing tamilnadu FSO exam

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome

[@subho_art_graphy]

What happens in mass spectrometry if a peptide contain a large number of basic amino acid? And what happens if the peptide contains large number of acidic amio acid?

[@subhankardash9635]

But in metastable ion video u have told that molecular ion pass through analyser ????

[@roshiniunni6719]

Why negative ions are not detected in this mass spectrometry? Mostly positive ions are used.... what's the reason for this..Sir?

[@ranishineraju]

Thankyou so much Sir... You are really my life saviour :)

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome. Glad to hear that you're getting benefit from my lectures

[@chikondiliomba642]

Thanks a lot it was very clear.

[@yumengyan1521]

In time point 14:20, can you explain more about why only 1 electron kick the molecule and why only 1 electron is knocked out， thank you！

[@mahadevicm7974]

Mass spectrometry instrumentation is good...thank u bro..

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

+Mahadevi c m glad to hear that

[@patelmahira8040]

Thank you so much for explaining it 💙💙

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome

[@abdualazizalmalki8046]

Thank you

[@SHIRESUJIT]

Very useful. Ignore the negative comments. You will always find the people spreading a negativity. Stay on positive side.

[@saiganesh5310]

I like your explanations but in the bigining of this lecture why did you compared X-ray crystallography and NMR with Mas spectrometry ?

[@saiganesh5310]

Application of X-ray crystallography and NMR applications are different

[@kiranhayat1645]

can u make a video on uv light spectrometry

[@vamsikatta8570]

Shomu Sir. You are Great ,Greatest

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Thank you so much for appreciating my efforts

[@seb42]

KICK ASS HEADSET DUDE! Where did you get them?!?!?!?!?!? Sooooo jealous :/

[@selouakaid3470]

salem allikm,thanks a lot i like your teching method but i am confused about : H mass is 1 because we are speaking about an atom of hydrogen not a hydrogen gaz H2 is not ?

[@gajendrachola8679]

Nice explanation.....

[@hipstertech7462]

Humble correction molecular mass of glycine is 75 and alanine is 89 as the atomic mass of hydrogen is 1. Thank you

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Thank you

[@ramonmassoni9657]

thanx bro you are a master

[@ajaysharma-zi2ef]

Thanku so much sir........

[@983CHEM]

Thanks this subject very good I'm hussam master degree in biochemistry. .

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great job...

[@rajak2914]

very nice explination

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Hey! Your videos are great and helpful. Could you please also make a video on question of mass spectrometry of csir net. It would be really helpful

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Okay

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Amazing thanks

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its good...

[@calligraphybykamali7388]

Sir, I'm a ug chemistry student.. Your video was useful& extraordinary.. But I wanna Mass spectrum of acetaldehyde video Sir. I search here.. Not here this side..

[@muhammadammaar1989]

thank you

[@emdrmt28]

Can you also please talk about Gas Chromatography please

[@aniruddhakale2899]

Nice....I like It...

[@krunalpatelbiotech]

nmr and xray use for knowing 3d structure of protein.

[@nasermtn4113]

Tnx, good presentaion

[@pharmacist606]

You helped me a lot.

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome