Mesoscale Auroral Curls in Iceland

The view highlight the wave in the middle of the frame. It’s still a hot topic for the aurora expert. The formation of these curl-like structures may be connected with flow shear driven by ultra-low frequency waves. These curls are fine structures in the poleward boundary of multiple arcs formed by longitudinal-arranged field-aligned current pairs. It look like to the Auroral Undulations Triggered by Kelvin-Helmholtz Waves.
The view was captured when the aurora appears in the zenith which exists only several minutes. I also captured a timelapse video at that moment. Photo taken at Kerid Crater, Iceland on Jan 16th. 2024.