Mesozoic Era- Geologic & Biological Evolution and Extinction of Dinosaurs | GEO GIRL

[@mmandrewa2397]

The Deccan Traps were formed right after, or at the end of, the Cretaceous. The Siberian Traps go with the end-of-the-Permian mass extinction.

[@GEOGIRL]

Oh yes, thanks for this correction, this is a very old video of mine and I have corrected it in videos since, but just in case people are coming to this one I will pin this comment so that they know. Thanks for catching this! ;D

[@XanderKalas]

Sometimes KZbin recommends channels like this that need more views! This was an awesome presentation and jam-packed with information that I had not heard before. Subscribed, and I think I will go binge-watch some more of your vids. Thanks for the time that you put into this work!

[@GEOGIRL]

Oh my gosh, you made my day with this comment! Thank you, I am so glad you appreciate the jam-packed information I put into my videos, sometimes people like less information, but I really go the other way haha. So thanks again, this makes me motivated to continue making these videos :)

[@tecksup]

Excelent presentation skills! You make long lectures fun to watch and learn, I'm sure your students found their favorite subject!

[@GEOGIRL]

I don't think my in-person students love me or geology as much as my voluntary, online students hahaha, but thank you! ;)

[@jerryking5506]

Really enjoyed this!

[@GEOGIRL]

So glad you did! ;D

[@NG-fk6wc]

My absolute favorite epoch in the geological timeline . Love it, and great job!

[@GEOGIRL]

Thanks so much! Glad you liked it ;)

[@jazminelopez2643]

Lol I'm living for the epic dinosaur cover! Great video!

[@Smilo-the-Sabertooth]

Awesome topic. The Mesozoic era, a time when dinosaurs dominated the planet. 🦖🦕 I miss visiting these legendary creatures at the museums. Amazing video. 👍👍👍👍👍

[@GEOGIRL]

Thanks so much! I miss it too, can't wait to get back out there and go see some :D

[@Smilo-the-Sabertooth]

@@GEOGIRL You’re welcome. 😉👍 I can’t wait either. 🦖🦕

[@martianmurray]

Here for the thumbnail, it’s awesome

[@leighcoulson2148]

Just discovered this channel ...very interesting stuff and very comprehensive 'for the masses'.

[@GEOGIRL]

Thanks, so glad you think so, I hope you got the information you were looking for! ;)

[@geoscilove6609]

18:55 I didnt get this convergent evolution thing maybe because of the language. Could you please explain. Thank you.

[@GEOGIRL]

Well, convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar traits in species of different time periods. For example, birds evolved to fly in the Mesozoic, and later in the Cenozoic, mammals evolved to fly (bats). These were completely independent events, independent lineages, and different time periods, but the trait was the same, flight. Now if we think about the marine reptiles, these large Meozoic reptiles evolve to fill an oceanic niche that marine mammals fill today. After these reptiles went extinct at the end of the Cretaceous, Cenozoic mammals evolved to go back into the water and fill this unfilled niche. Marine mammals evolved very similar traits to the reptiles that had lived before them, but their time periods did not overlap and their lineages were completely independent of one another (aka: convergent evolution). Hope that helps ;)

[@geoscilove6609]

@@GEOGIRL Wow! This makes me appreciate how wonderful nature is. Thank you Geo girl for explaining.

[@GEOGIRL]

@@geoscilove6609 No problem, glad it helped ;) I agree, nature is so amazing, it takes advantage of every ecological opportunity!

[@Dr.IanPlect]

@@GEOGIRL 'Different time periods' isn't part of the definition for convergent evolution. The taxa can be contemporaries e.g. the _current_ convergence of flight in several major lineages, you don't have to specify an example of 'this did it, then that', concurrency is fine.

[@Dr.IanPlect]

@@geoscilove6609 She got an aspect wrong; 'Different time periods' isn't part of the definition for convergent evolution. The taxa can be contemporaries e.g. the current convergence of flight in several major lineages, you don't have to specify an example of 'this did it, then that', concurrency is fine.

[@gabrel1167]

heey! thanks for making this video, i have to do a homework about the dinosaurs and this video is being very helpful and interesting! Sorry about my english. Greeting from a brazilian student🇧🇷

[@GEOGIRL]

So glad you found this video helpful! Thanks for the comment and kind words, also hello Brazil! ;D

[@shaneward7836]

Really appreciate the effort ❤️

[@riverfields3563]

Was there a Triassic period ? And Can u make a video about the biology of Both the Triassic and Jurassic periods please?

[@GEOGIRL]

That's so funny that you ask that because I am currently in the process of making 5 Triassic and Jurassic videos ;D And out of those 5, 3 are about the life (one about ocean life, one about land life, and one all about dinosaurs) :)

[@riverfields3563]

@@GEOGIRLI’m sorry, I didn’t know you were in that middle of doing that. I can’t wait to see them though, I know there gonna be awesome.

[@GEOGIRL]

@@riverfields3563 No don't apologize! I am glad you asked because that let's me know that I'm making the right videos :D

[@riverfields3563]

@@GEOGIRL Oh ok

[@michey7234]

Thank you ❤❤❤ I felt lost studying the mesozoic era but i have a path now thanks to you I understand it well

[@kidDrzz23]

Aye man, I'm a low-key big time nerd, and I love watching your videos High asf... Do you have a public page or like a Twitter? I'd love to follow you

[@GEOGIRL]

Lol, well I am glad to hear you are a nerd cuz me too! Yep, I have a twitter, linkedin, and instagram (both geogirl account and personal account) all linked on my channel page. If you go to my channel at kzbin.info you can just click on the social media icons in the lower right side of the banner at the top! ;)

[@kidDrzz23]

@@GEOGIRL aye thanks for the info and for the reply man...yeah i really loved your Mollusca arc, you got me all excited about them and and they're Molluscs but Keep up the Work man👌🏽👌🏽👌🏽😌

[@GEOGIRL]

@@kidDrzz23 Haha I know right, I was worried no one would get excited for things like mollusks or brachiopods, but apparently people like them just as much as I do! :D

[@abicoughlan6229]

Can u pls do a video on the impacts of the kpg mass extinction ?

[@beachboardfan9544]

Daaaaaaaamn what caused such a size difference in ammonoids? Was their size age based or environment based?

[@GEOGIRL]

Both! Mostly, different species that lived at the same time varied in size depending on environment or ecological role/niche, but there are some cases in which we interpret the fossils in the rock record as different species due to their size difference only to go back and find that they were actually the same species but at a different life stage. Then on top of those coincident size variations, there were some trends in their size over geologic time as well. They got more complex and morphologically diverse throughout the mesozoic and thus, more diverse in size as well, but it wasn't a straight bigger or smaller trend to my understanding, it was just more of a widening of the size range over the course of that era. I do have some videos where I talk a lot more about them and their diversity: kzbin.info/www/bejne/jJLMq5JvltegjdU as well as why they died at the end of the cretaceous when nautiloids survived into the Cenozoic: kzbin.info/www/bejne/l3vbYXmqnNOFfq8

[@beachboardfan9544]

@@GEOGIRL 👏👏👏 You are such a stud its ridiculous! Thx for sharing the knowledge!

[@markclark4154]

They used the K instead of the C as C was used in another event I recall.

[@nico7685]

The K comes from the german therm called Kreide ^^

[@sprchik11]

Just in case you or anyone watching still wonder why Cretaceous is 'K' -- Like you mentioned, "Creta" = Latin for chalk... but in German, chalk is "Kreide" and for some reason (maybe the other 2 'C's it could be confused with? 🤔) they decided the German abbreviation 'K' was the way to go! 🤷‍♀️ I also haven't seen/heard it referred to as K-T in years now. K-Pg (Cretaceous-Paleogene) is all the rage. Which definitely took some getting used to... I mean it's already confusing enough with the K! 😂 Why they gotta switch it up like that hahaha

[@GEOGIRL]

Ohhh that make sense about the K, thanks! haha And yea I know its KP or KPg now but for SEO purposes I tend to stick with KT cuz it is just better known. But hopefully in the future I will get more used to saying KP haha! Thanks for the info, super helpful! :D

[@nicholasmaude6906]

In regards to mammals, Rachel, IIRC some mammal-like reptiles survived to the end of the Cretaceous.

[@nicholasmaude6906]

With the advances in genetic-engineering recently, Rachel, do you think that Ammonoid analogues could be created by genetically modifying Chambered Nautiluses?

[@GEOGIRL]

Absolutely, I don't see why not. Honestly, I don't put it past nature to evolve chambered Nautiluses in the future either. ;)

[@nicholasmaude6906]

@@GEOGIRL Genetic-engineering I suppose could be used in the future too to create Orthicone analogues from modified Chambered Nautiluses.

[@darthnarodnik]

I love your presentations, but there is far too much emphasis on America.

[@GEOGIRL]

Yep, I know, I am sorry it is just what I have access to regarding references, but I am working on incorporating more on international locations as I aquire more resources ! Thanks for the feedback :)

[@cluke1620]

I always see the Siberian and Decan traps and the Chixalu crator in their modern positions but of course with 66 million years of plate movement I am assuming that the meteor actually hit much further south where South America was located during the end Cretaceous period?

[@GEOGIRL]

Yes, you are right the continents were organized differently back then. However, to my knowledge, by the Late Cretaceous, the continental configuration was almost to where it is at today (see Figure 11: www.researchgate.net/publication/270585440_Island_life_in_the_Cretaceous_-_Faunal_composition_biogeography_evolution_and_extinction_of_landliving_vertebrates_on_the_Late_Cretaceous_European_archipelago/figures?lo=1) which is why I think the actual place the meteor hit was somewhat close to what is shown on modern maps.

[@cluke1620]

@@GEOGIRL thanks for the rapid reply. In studying paleontology I really enjoy trying to make it work the same way that time is analyzed in physics where it is done frame by frame. It really is like filling in a big puzzle where every point in time is a new puzzle and you go about trying to make the pieces that you have fit but obviously some 4-year-old came in and played with the puzzle and 99% of the pieces are missing so all you have is an occasional corner and then part of the picture might look like what happened in the puzzle A thousand years beforehand where you had two pieces and it helps you guess where that one piece that is in a corner or a side goes. LoL 😂

[@GEOGIRL]

@@cluke1620 Hey that's so true! I actually made a geology-puzzle analogy similar to that in my very first video, love the similarities! (and I also love puzzles so I guess my profession is fitting haha)

[@sydhenderson6753]

I object to the ammonoid rule being "short" Jurassic + Cretaceous is twice as long as the entire Cenozoic!

[@jjnoguera]

Es la primera vez que oigo lo de la era de los moluscos. Hay quien afirma que en ellos se inicio la consciencia. The origin of consciousness. Identifying the evolutionary markers of when consciousness exploded. Simona Ginsburg, Eva Jablonka. IAI, 20th August 2021

[@GEOGIRL]

Oh wow! I had never heard about that, or even though about the origin of consciousness, what a cool discovery, thanks for the reference, I will look into it! :)

[@MrGuzmanra]

How do geologists know the location of the continents throughout deep time ⏲ 🤔?

[@GEOGIRL]

Oooo You just gave me a video idea! haha thanks! It's my understanding that they do this through a lot of different methods, but I promise I will compile info on the main techniques geologists use to do this and get back to you soon ;)

[@MrGuzmanra]

@@GEOGIRL that's 🙂 👌. And why were all the continents together at the beginning? Was earth ever a water world?

[@GEOGIRL]

@@MrGuzmanra Wow you are hitting on such interesting questions right now! I don't know how I haven't answered these yet on my channel, but I for sure will, thanks! ;D

[@rursus8354]

K for Cretaceous is of course because of acronym collision with the Cambrian. So they used K as in the German name for Cretaceous.

[@tigertiger1699]

Holy crap you know your stuf👍👍🙏🙏

[@GEOGIRL]

Oh thank you! ;D

[@tigertiger1699]

@@GEOGIRL I would love to be able to conceptualise in my understanding what happened over the time you are speaking to, the tectonics, environments and live forms.. what it look like as things came & went🤯👍.. but little brain n too lazy… so sit back and have a young 👸 on KZbin blow my mind…🤗😂🙏🙏🙏🙏🌹🌹🌹

[@GreenPoint_one]

Its called KT bcs it comes from the german word of cretaceous called Kreide. KT means Kreide-Tertiär

[@jeangab536]

Amonite earings tho

[@gabeesp9654]

Its difficult for me to believe that the Earth is over 250million years. So Mesozoic covers all three time periods ?

[@GEOGIRL]

The Mesozoic is the era that covers from about 250 to about 65 million years ago, and yes it covers the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods. Before the Mesozoic, there was the Precambrian and then the Paleozoic and after the Mesozoic is the Cenozoic era which is the era we are currently in now. Hope that helps! :)

[@gabeesp9654]

@@GEOGIRL ok thanks it did clear out questions on this the visual chart definitely help to explain.

[@gabeesp9654]

@@GEOGIRL thanks (:

[@isaacfraser7999]

300 million years after the Cambrian explosion

[@dietrichvarez1720]

I want to tell my chicken Rooster that he is a dinosaur!

[@jeetenzhurlollz8387]

how beautiful you are...