Metabolism | Electron Transport Chain: DETAILED | Part 2

Official Ninja Nerd Website: ninjanerd.org
Ninja Nerds!
In this lecture Professor Zach Murphy will present on part 2 of this three part series on the Electron Transport Chain (ETC). During this lecture we will be continuing our discussion on the ETC as we move through this intricate and important process. We hope you enjoy this lecture and be sure to support us below!
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[@Cygnus1698]

The ultimate life saver on KZbin so far. Please keep this up. When I pass my exams in 2 weeks, I will definitely remember you

[@rowanessam9154]

bro how did the exam go

[@signalrod2213]

@@rowanessam9154 i think he forgot him

[@halla2022]

😂😂😂

[@thehottalk7606]

@@signalrod2213 😂😂😂

[@samsonurom]

I think he actually forgot too. 😂

[@quantumcrash7266]

The metabolism puzzle of a thousand pieces is finally forming a picture that is astounding. The speed and scale and precision and complexity and elegance of what takes place in our body is like....you just have to stare in awe at the beauty.

[@pranavireddy1605]

one video of yours makes many concepts and doubts clear and you make every topic very interesting thank you Dr.Zach

[@shahzaibfaisal3705]

One little detail if anyone is intrested, the FADH2 produced in beta oxidation and (glycerol 3 phosphat--> DHAP) are mainly oxidized by CoQ, A BG THANKS TO NINJA FOR THESE VIDEO BLESSINGS

[@drmsathish]

Best teacher I have ever seen...keep rocking

[@marta6755]

Thank you so much! This is really helpful and you are a great teacher.

[@BrodieGiesbrecht]

This was amazingly helpful, thank you! Subscribed as I'm sure I will be referencing your videos again in the near future!

[@matheusmaurer1427]

You also help a lot of brazilian students. Thank you so much 💪

[@wr2526]

Just finished watching this! Just amazing!

[@ashutoshtripathi2336]

i am speechless after watching you video thankou for having such a wonderfull video god bless u

[@10knovideoschallenge32]

You're the best ❤ very well explained 🖒

[@crystalf9236]

Thanks for reviewing Kreb’s cycle and electron transfer in deeper studies than 55 years ago when studied .

[@kleylak]

Is there a charity or project we can donate to as a thank you to you? Your videos have been incredibly useful in concepts I don't understand from the professor in class. I can't thank you enough.

[@NinjaNerdOfficial]

We have a patreon account you can visit. We have the link on every one of our videos in the about section! Thanks for your support!!

[@NinjaNerdOfficial]

+Leyla Kavandi if you are interested we do have a patreon account! Thanks for being a ninja nerd!!!

[@lisarey1969]

Thanks For The videos!!! Itu very helpful for my exams right now..... keep it up!!!!!

[@25amonterolinariza62]

So nice, now I understand the shuttles involved in glyco🤘👍👍👍

[@stepup5338]

Dr Zach is the Ultimate Boss!!!

[@ramchandrasuthar2848]

Very nice explanation sir God bless you

[@hustler_motivation001]

You are the best I have seen so far

[@anatharow3405]

Thank you soooooo much! Your the best!

[@tsmmusic2182]

This is just amazing and awesome. Keep it up man. You know your staff. Am from Zimbabwe and really really appreciate your dedication. God bless🙌

[@pierpaolotofani3929]

thank you sir. You are awesome.

[@thefenerbahcesk4156]

I wish you had connected the OAA to the Citric Acid Cycle and also mentioned its role in gluconeogenesis.

[@emanali9010]

Your videos r super helpful... god bless u👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻

[@NinjaNerdOfficial]

Thank you so much 🙃

[@chrismerloi5940]

Thank you!!!! amazing explanation

[@rukhsanayasin8673]

Thank you very much ninja your videos are super cool only u can taught me biochem metabolisms

[@zaidkhan-yc3fd]

Thank you sir for outstanding lecture

[@aminabajchorova5324]

I mean this is my first comment during years of using KZbin, but you’re super cool! Thank you for these videos, they are so helpful I can’t even describe how much!

[@julietifebuche6438]

I've been soooo scared of this topic😪... Thank you sir for simplifying it this much!... God bless you sir💜

[@rossenlyubomirov2675]

I believe that there is a factological discrepency regarding the Glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle. The reactions that you display appear to happen in the matrix, however they actually occur in the intermembrane space. I apologise if this was mentioned in the video. Great playlist!

[@chrischukwuma6469]

But i always thought that the reduction of Oxaloacetate to Malate occured in the intermembrane space and not the cytosol like he depicted

[@harshalchorya7168]

You are a great great professor a bestest ....no words for you man ....thank u soo muchhhhhhhhhhhhh..

[@bernaylmaz1764]

That was amazing thank you

[@rhead7088]

Tysm for your videos

[@Medicoworld259]

Thank u thaank u thank u...ohhh i can't thank u enough.. it's just soooo grateful to me have such beautiful conceptual videos...so sweet of you sir ♾️

[@62sushilkarad2]

Ultimate life saver🙏🙏🙏🙏

[@niyadeo7970]

Amazing!

[@jasminkasilajdzic6425]

thank you, king!

[@theseba8715]

I'm so grateful 🌸🥁💜💜🤝🏅

[@lalith23]

Thank you so much ❤❤

[@anahitashahri5788]

once again; amazing

[@amberlee7975]

Thank you very very very very much！！！！

[@NinjaNerdOfficial]

You’re welcome!

[@zeebalz7038]

Greetings from Nigeria ❤️

[@thislifeisagame9540]

Hahaha

[@KaitokiNohara]

I wish u were one of my bro and teach me like this everyday.. studying wont be so boring then

[@learningbest8178]

Thank you very much

[@AhmadAlbanaa-ed4gm]

Thank you so much

[@bodywise007]

Really superb. The best explanation I have ever seen. However .... does this mean that supplementing with NADH (ENADA) or CoQ10 cannot enter the ETC directly??? 👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻

[@kennedymusonda9843]

Wow!!!!!! Bravo👏👏🙌🙌🙌🤜🤛that was so super clear. Just a clarification, how does the DHAP molecule move out of the matrix 🤔🤔

[@dipperorange4305]

WOW AMAZING

[@SagarSharma-up9zw]

Wishes from india... Ty sir...

[@Omartabyaoui]

Hello i would like to correct a thing, the FADH2 from the G3P shuytle actually ddischarge directly on the ubiquinone, sinve the mitocondrial G3PDH is actually associated directly to the ETC. Hope it helps

[@raghadnyazi5450]

Thank youuuuuuuuuu

[@matinnikmanesh3704]

thank you guy

[@Theprofessionalsurgeon]

BEAUTIFUL

[@namidabi5877]

i think i love you. thank you so much!!! you'e so good

[@mohamadkarami8339]

tHANK YOU SO MUCH FOR YOUR GREAAAAAAAT VIDEOS. Please create a video about GABA, TCA, and, ETC.

[@wagishbharti6334]

U r amazing 👌🤘🏻

[@christianaebirika4403]

what about the other NADH's that can't get across the membrane and are formed in different processes of the TCA cycle like during the conversion of alpha ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA?

[@thislifeisagame9540]

How was the NADH from the transition stage utilised?

[@Lifeof-a-shortgirl]

Thanks

[@mukeshhasija7173]

Greetings from India Wow ..you are a superhero of medicine and biology... what will happen to DHAP in mitrocondrial matrix produced through glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle ?

[@nihilsson]

Awesome video. A couple of questions: The process, as explained, will deplete the matrix of glutamate and deplete the cytoplasm of alpha-keto-glutamate. How are the concentration of this two "ingredients" kept at acceptable levels in the matrix and cytoplasm? Also one of the two steps from OAA to aspartate and from aspartate must require energy, which one is it?

[@madanikucing]

Helpful! Still I search atp synthetase O, L , T conformation change

[@muhammadjunaidali9449]

awesome

[@fionasun2426]

Cool!!!!

[@zainabfarooq5263]

God bless you ❤❤

[@cheritzz7179]

life saver

[@prajaktakulkarni9453]

How does dhap and enoyl coA get regenerated like OAA?

[@jonathonkane7638]

Does anyone else watch these just for fun? Like I know my profs won’t expect me to know the vast majority of this but at the same time it’s super interesting.

[@valcheung5747]

How did the 2 NADH from the transitional state? Are they shuffled together w/ the 6 NADH into complex 1? This is the part I am a bit confused. Can someone help please?

[@amiryoucef1220]

love youuuuuuuuuuuu

[@AsadKhan-hq3zi]

plz make videos on nucleotide metabolism..

[@kaluchinedu3336]

Pls I have difficulty downloading this videos what can I do

[@desperatestudent57]

You might save my first uni exam from biology. Wish me luck guys

[@swatanter8761]

@ninja nerd I had a doubt:- as DHAP is converted into glycerol-3-phosphate by glycero-3-phosphate dehydrogenase it uses a NADH. Then that glycerol-3-phosphate enters mitochondria and is converted back to DHAP by same enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase but the energy receiver here mentioned in video is FAD+ rather than NAD+ and as we know FADH2 is worth 2 ATP rather than 3 ATP of NADH. There seem to be a loss of 1 ATP according to this. And later in video of gluconeogenesis glycerol is converted to glycerol-3-phosphate by use of 1 ATP but there energy usage was not mentioned for any enzymes so I watched some other videos where that glycerol-3-phosphate is converted to DHAP by glycero-3-phosphate DeHydrogenase and we got one NADH this was occuring in cytoplasm so is there a reason why in mitochondria when NAD+ are present that when glycerol-3-phosphate is converted to DHAP the energy receiver is FAD in place of NAD. For fatty acyl as a carrier I am still not sure but please clear this doubt. Awesome videos by the way it's quite old now but it's still proving that one excellent video can survive the test of time.

[@mihirgupta6886]

your teaching is great and easy to learn these complicated cycles.... but can you please provide your notes and study material to make this learning experience more involving.

[@oblomov4580]

Daha ne istiyorsun açgözlü

[@nandininandu1549]

sir i have a doubt when dhap is converted into glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate is it compulsory for the NADH to get converted into NAD? then in glycolysis also the same reaction takes place? then the NADH produced later only is being taken into the calculatons this should also be substracted from the NADH produced in the glycolysis na sir.... did everybody understand my doubt?

[@flowerpetal6193]

I had the same doubt along with many others, I have asked that question too just after watching the ETC video. Guess biochem pathways are really complicated!!!

[@ciuciu37]

Correct me if I'm wrong, but I think you mistakenly recognise glycerOL-3-phosphate (middle carbonyl group reduced, replaced with -OH group) as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. The reaction you encountered in glycolysis was an isomerisation, whereas this is a redox reaction. Different reaction, hence explains why NAD+ and NADH isn't involved in this step during glycolysis.

[@ankitkalyani1689]

amazing video but...why doesn't Oxaloacetate just get utilized in Kreb's cycle which also takes place in the mitochondrial matrix????

[@hayathussain1625]

Love

[@breadpusheen7001]

what happens to the DHAP when glycerol 3-p is converted into him in the matrix? how does he exit from there

[@lexrunner408]

Why does OAA use the Malate-Aspartate Shuttle to leave the mitochondria? Why doesn't it do what it did in gluconeogenesis where it converts itself into Malate in the mitochondria in order to leave the mitochondria and then covert itself back into OAA? Is it because the latter process converts a NADH into NAD+; therefore, its one less NADH for the ETC to use?

[@salaheddinehouache1015]

Big thanks to you teacher your courses are amazing ... _ could i know waht did you study at Univ and in which univ

[@miguelpesqueira2132]

He is studying to be a PA i believe at Philadelphia College of Osthopathic Medicine

[@a.i979]

​@@miguelpesqueira2132what is a P A?

[@drvishnukumar7783]

GOOD

[@JayasuryaParthiban]

Does the alpha keto glutarate formed inside the mitochondria comes out to cytosol?

[@AlexSwizzy]

yes, through the malate-alpha keto glutarate antiporter

[@symmetry5829]

I have a doubt , during the interconversion between OAA and malate in cytosol n mitochondria how can the same enzyme is acting. Though one is oxidation other is reduction? Can anyone help?

[@miladdulloo1997]

yes it is the same in both reactions, the enzyme is reversible

[@symmetry5829]

@@miladdulloo1997 Oo , thanks. I was also thinking that to be OAAD.H. but it is M.D.H I also checked it from other sources.

[@chrischukwuma6469]

Yes it it is actually a reversible reaction just like we have lactate dehydrogenase in the reduction of Pyruvate to Lactate to regenerate NAD and oxidation of lactate to pyruvate.

[@niahusna1906]

You video is so much helpful. Thankyou for that. But I have a question🥺 when nadh is converted to nad+, it is oxidation right? So nadh is losing electron? Am I correct🥺🥺

[@thomasdare8751]

Yes

[@chiramsahota2889]

is the alpha-ketogluterate the same as alpha-ketogluterate dehydrogenase complex ?

[@aryanbatra1547]

[@291ayl]

Awesome video... Does anyone know how does DHAP get back out?

[@masasmrekar8445]

Our professor said that the mitochondrial glycerol 3P DH is bound to the outer lipid layer of the inner mitochondrial membrane (the complex II is bound to the inner lipid layer of the mitochondrial membrane). So DHAP never actually enters the mitochondria, it just gives the electrons to the Q complex. If you look at the schemes of the glycerol-phosphate shuttle on the web, they usually support this. As far as the glycerol 3P transporter that was mentioned here, Idk. Maybe you need a transporter to get glycerol 3P into the intermembrane space, although the outer mitochondrial membrane is very permeable so this doesn't really make sense to me. It's hard to explain without a picture so I hope this helps

[@291ayl]

@@masasmrekar8445 It does thanks!

[@mohammedbanaseer9821]

Glutamat will be with Aspartat transferd and a-ketoglutarat with OAA

[@pvsarath]

cool

[@najeeburrahman9077]

I understand but what hepend about those NADHs and FADH2s that these generate at the result of kreb cycle

[@lachyt5247]

They're already within the mitochondrial matrix and can therefore be directly incorporated into the electron transport chain.

[@thefenerbahcesk4156]

It's pretty aweinspiring how all of these metabolic pathways are interconnected. I think I may shadow a Diabetes Doctor so I could see the medical side of things

[@benvictory6791]

So malate dehydrogenase changes OAA into malate and then malate into OAA?

[@ruqaiyatasneem8594]

NADH dehydrogenase cannot produce NADH

[@devhiray3967]

Ur channel is a life saver I just hate books 😥

[@brendanheinichen648]

Is glycerol-3-phosphate the same as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate?

[@Yotay597]

I don’t think so . glycerol has an alcohol group while glyceraldehyde has a carbon atom binding with oxygen by double bond and binding with hydrogen by single bond ( aldehyde functional group )

[@minhkhale1361]

How can DHAP get out the membrane sir ?

[@swatanter8761]

Yeah same thought did you find out?

[@user-ln8lz2kp7c]

Why is more ATP produced per cytosolic electron pair in a liver cell compared to a muscle cell? I failed my exam because I hadn't grasped this and I feel like this video dosn't touch on the subject. Maybe someone else can be saved from my failure by asking yourself this :)

[@maronkimbugwe-ce2gb]

Malate is made in the mitochondria but how does it go into the cytosol

[@maronkimbugwe-ce2gb]

I mean OAA

[@dosi6230]

why mallete should go out to cytosol through shuttle in the first place ? OAA can't just use MDH to be malate inside Mitochondria (like kerb cycle)? why this travels out and transformed into malate and get into mito again? ........

[@dhritidasstudy9337]

👍

[@jamesgordon8867]

So when did this occur for the first time?