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Mel, along with A.J. Deuss continue their search for the MHMDs of the 7th century, and this time they look to the writings of John of Damascus, the Christian theologian, who was working in the Caliphal courts of the Umayyads in Damascus in the late 7th and early 8th centuries. Therefore, he was right at the center of anything that was going on in that period and in the place.
In his treatise called "The Heresies of the Ishmaelites", written in 730 AD, John writes, "And so down to the time of Heraclius they were very great idolaters. From that time to the present a false prophet named Mohammed has appeared in their midst". But what is he referring to when he says "From that time to the present"?
Obviously, he is referring to the time of Heraclius, who was the Byzantine emperor from 610 - 641 AD until John's present time, which would have been 730 AD. So, he is talking about roughly a 100 year period.
But, how could one prophet named Muhammad have lived for over a century? That makes no sense, unless he is being careful to insinuate something that he dare not say openly, due to where he was working, and amongst whom he was writing...in other words amongst the Muslims of the courts of the caliph there in Damascus. Possibly therefore, he was referring to a string of prophets named MHMD, who lived in that time period.
To better understand what he was possibly referring to, we need to turn to another source, the Chinese, who had constant contact with the Arabs of the Tayaye, or those from Iraq, who then later became the Muslims we know today during the later Abbasid period.
The Chinese were not under anyone's authority, and so had the freedom to write what they saw as they went back-and-forth between China and the Arabs of Iraq, where the Abbasid capital (the present day Baghdad) was located.
Envoys of the Tayaye (from Iraq) gave information to Jiu Tang Shu, who was in the Chinese courts between the years 756 - 758 AD, so at the beginning of the Abbasid caliphat; ,and they said this:
"There were eleven Persians [Farisis] who came and, according to their rank as mo-shou
[or Messiahs], were transformed into kings. After this the masses gradually gave their allegiance, and subsequently Persia was extinguished and Byzantium (Fulin) was crushed...” (taken from: Jiu Tang Shu, Volume 198, Biographies 148: Western Regions, Section Da-Shi [Tayaye]).
So, essentially this envoy was referring to 11 Pharisee Messiahs (i.e. Jewish Messiahs) who took allegiance from their people in Iraq, suggesting that each of these rulers since the time of Heraclius took on the title of Messiah, which we now know is synonymous with the title 'MHMD'.
John of Damascus couldn't say this, due to where he lived, but the Chinese, who weren't under any Arab jurisdiction had the freedom to tell us what exactly was going on there in the 7th - 8th centuries, and in that part of the world.
It looked like there were a succession of Muhammads who lived at that time and in that area, but who were they, and where can we find out about them...that's the subject of our next episode, so stay tuned...
© Pfander Centre for Apologetics & Polemics - US, April 7, 2024
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