Mitochondria: How Our Bodies Produce Energy from Nutrients- Thomas DeLauer

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Mitochondria: How Our Bodies Produce Energy from Nutrients - Thomas DeLauer…
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell and are found in the cells of every complex organism. Mitochondria are organelles that act like a digestive system which takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy rich molecules for the cell. They are the parts of cells that turn sugars, fats and proteins that we eat, into forms of chemical energy that the body can use to carry on living and they produce about 90% of the chemical energy that cells need to survive.
Structure:
They are made of two membranes: The outer membrane covers the organelle and contains it like a skin - The inner membrane folds over many times and creates layered structures called crista. The fluid contained in the mitochondria is called the matrix. The folding of the inner membrane increases the surface area inside the organelle - since many of the chemical reactions happen on the inner membrane, the increased surface area creates more space for reactions to occur.
Cellular Respiration in Mitochondria:
The matrix is filled with water and proteins (enzymes) - Those proteins take organic molecules, such as pyruvate and acetyl CoA, and chemically digest them. Proteins embedded in the inner membrane and enzymes involved in the citric acid cycle ultimately release water and carbon dioxide molecules from the breakdown of oxygen and glucose. The mitochondria are the only places in the cell where oxygen is reduced and eventually broken down into water. Mitochondria are also involved in controlling the concentration of calcium (Ca2+) ions within the cell - they work closely with the endoplasmic reticulum to limit the amount of calcium in the cytosol.
Multiple Other Functions of the Mitochondria:
As Energy Converters- Mitochondria, using oxygen available within the cell convert chemical energy from food in the cell to energy in a form usable to the host cell. The process is called oxidative phosphorylation and it happens inside mitochondria. In the matrix of mitochondria the reactions known as the citric acid or Krebs cycle produce a chemical called NADH. NADH is then used by enzymes embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - In ATP the energy is stored in the form of chemical bonds. These bonds can be opened and the energy redeemed. In return the host cell provides physical protection and a constant supply of food and oxygen.
As Determinators- Recent research indicates that in addition to converting energy mitochondria play quite a large part in determining when a cell will die by ordinary cell death (necrosis) or programmed cell death (apoptosis.) In apoptosis the mitochondrion releases a chemical, cytochrome c, and this can trigger programmed cell death. Mitochondria are also thought to influence, by exercising a veto, which eggs in a woman should be released during ovulation and which should be destroyed by programmed cell death (apoptosis.) This is part of a process called atresia - in this process mitochondria and the nucleus of the cell in which the mitochondria reside, are screened for biochemical compatibility. The pairs that are incompatible are shut down by programmed cell death.
References:
1) www.nature.com/scitable/topic...
2) Andrew Rader Studios. (n.d.). Biology4Kids.com: Cell Structure: Mitochondria. Retrieved from www.biology4kids.com/files/cel...
3) Mitochondrion - much more than an energy converter | British Society for Cell Biology. (n.d.). Retrieved from bscb.org/learning-resources/so...
4) Mitochondria. (n.d.). Retrieved from hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/...
5) What are Mitochondria? | MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.mrc-mbu.cam.ac.uk/what-are...

[@samueljames5167]

The force is strong with those with high mitochondria counts.

[@gunner240b8]

Samuel James damn it you beat me to it

[@vryanz83]

Awesome video! I'm a paramedic (so been through plenty of this stuff!) and have never had it explained this well. Keep these videos coming!

[@charlitoadams777]

All mitochondria comes from the mother. Thanks mom.

[@straightlinetuning3984]

As an engineer, I am continually amazed at the complexity and manufactering efficiency of the human body. There is nothing like it in the world. so far beyond anything man has made.WOW! WOW! WOW! We should just study it and copy perfection.

[@lengendboy2000]

10 times better than my biology teachers!

[@violama]

I watch this before my biology exam

[@richswanderings1664]

You probably failed if you used this information.

[@KetogenicGuitars]

You are so right.

[@bencyber8595]

easily score A2 , if u go for exam , why ...

[@jonathanhadley2555]

Viola A. Hope it went ok, did you find the video helpful?

[@HayleyCalVilla]

You literally just simplified a bit of my excercise physiology exam for next week lol

[@fraktallyfractals2083]

Yess!! Please do more of these videos where you explain it in great detail

[@MikeEnRegalia]

Mitochondria: Plural. Mitochondrion: Singular.

[@ricastrays5924]

I wouldn’t have know! Thanks

[@jamesdayton5320]

a trick : watch movies at Flixzone. Been using them for watching all kinds of movies lately.

[@dukegannon7607]

@James Dayton Yup, I have been watching on flixzone for since december myself =)

[@vivekpendur7288]

U reminding my biology teacher during school days

[@safereturnable]

This is 2018 for Pete's sake. Need to keep dig more knowledge into things but simple at the same time and this vid does that.

[@armaanchawdhary9427]

Good attempt to explain how energy is formed at cellular level.

[@shawnnakon14]

Just the video I am looking for!

[@welshdragon2008]

Not easy to understand. But Thomas you have an ability to explain even the most complicated things to everybody. You are such a nice guy i think. You seem genuine, caring, clever, good looking. You just a great guy!

[@ThomasDeLauerOfficial]

welshdragon2008 I really appreciate that! Thank you for watching!!

[@LeonTager]

Love it. Thanks for making this video. Would love to see other videos with more detail.

[@krisztianvarga4137]

I would love to see a video on how different diets effects this process. Beacuse here is the thing, for most of us, healthy diet is like like relegion, we have to belive that it's good for you, but no one understands why..?

[@bhanusharma1673]

YOU ARE A BODYBUILDING DOCTOR!! :D

[@mynamewhatis7254]

That was really interesting, I would love to hear a further breakdown by you on how and why the mitochondria decides to die. Thanks for the great vids, keep it up!

[@motherof3pearls]

mynamewhatis agreed, because energy is neither created, nor destroyed. Trying to put things altogether! 😬

[@claudedaniels5415]

Totally understandable! Helps straighten paths to healthy goals.

[@loritabotes]

Woweeee, now I finally understand!!! Thank you for the simplicity

[@teresabowling5282]

Growing research is showing how the ketogenic diet has had positive results in helping prevent, optimize cancer tx’s and reduce recurrence and spread. LOVE that u did this video on mitochondria! Could u please do another explaining exactly how Sugar damages our mitochondria resulting in DNA damage that can lead to cancer and other chronic dis-eases. Thanks

[@praisethankgivingworshipsongs]

Thank you Thomas. You explained everything very nicely and in lucid manner. Crystal clear.

[@calebtollakson4366]

Digging the complexity sprinkled with breakdowns! I’d gladly watch more videos created this way! Thanks for the great content Thomas!!

[@ThomasDeLauerOfficial]

Caleb glad you enjoyed it!! Thanks for tuning in!

[@dgmoreno747]

I loved this! More videos like this. Supplemental and really gets the message across in your other videos.

[@bekahjones9796]

I love that you include references!

[@leninsegura7461]

Tom how you can know a lot of this... I'm just speachless. Great work my friend! I'm on a Fasting trip watching all of your videos and I just took off 10 pounds in 3 weeks. I was 210 pounds and now 200... Need to lose 50 more but you motivate my trip. Thanks for this kind of videos.

[@cnasaraha.2140]

Thank you Thomas, that was a very interesting video, I loved the idea of writing it on the board, it's better understanding.

[@ThomasDeLauerOfficial]

Sarah A. glad you enjoyed it! Thank you for watching!!

[@ziomp]

Great job!! just one thing there is no positive charged electron,by definition it is negative charge, positive charge is transferred by proton;)

[@joedaddy7925]

Thanks for the awesome visual lesson! I'm reading the book "Fat For Fuel" by Dr. Mercola and he talks about this very thing but the visual really helps to understand it. Thanks for all you do!

[@mds1325]

Thomas very well done. I have lost track of how many cell biology and metabolism lectures I've sat through over the years. Beyond any doubt you have done a stellar job explaining and making understandable and interesting this often times complex presentation. Thank you for publishing.

[@severinetompsett9602]

I am glad you take the risk to explain something that complex! I like to understand how things work so I know I am doing the right thing. 👍🏻

[@projacques07]

Wow~!! Thanx for the power info Thom. If u can further breakdown the details, do it, I'll be listening.

[@chrisayers8494]

Thomas I’d like to see what you put out a cold exposure video on the white fat, brown fat burning with cold showers , ice baths etc

[@samiapassos9659]

Love this type of video. Can you go deeper on the subject please? Thanks for sharing your knowledge!

[@rafikchbaklo]

thank you so much, for you and the amazing team behind you! good job guys!

[@ThomasDeLauerOfficial]

Rafik Chbaklo thank YOU for watching!!

[@catherineozarko5480]

Great video and information Thomas. Thank you so much for all that you do here! I love your videos and benefit greatly. Would it be possible to relate to us how the fasting and/or keto process enhances this energy process to benefit us? Thanks so much, Catherine

[@suannecolegrove5952]

I have been wondering about this, thank you for explaining it!

[@AndyEmerson8]

Great video you kept my ADD focused and I learned a lot. Much appreciated!

[@krrankkustom9675]

That is an amzing video which closed a gap in my understanding of how things work

[@sayeedabano7652]

I learn a lot from you which is really helpful to make my son's biology studies easy

[@JohnSlack89]

My man. I appreciate your content very much and that you're trying to educate more people about biochemistry. Please be a little more careful about your word choices - for example, you say "positively charged electrons and negatively charged electrons." There is no such thing as a positively charged electron. The charge imbalance you were trying to refer to was between positive ions and electrons.

[@ThomasDeLauerOfficial]

Yup :) I didn’t catch it in editing. Sometimes as I’m filming I’ll get into explaining things and mix up a point. Electrons are, well, electrons, and aren’t charged, but it’s the ion exchange that is important.

[@vocalbasics]

@@ThomasDeLauerOfficial maybe you could put an annotation into the video to correct that. For someone like me who got D in biology over 20 years ago it would be appreciated to make sure I'm not getting confused on the basics. Really appreciate your descriptions and the presentation otherwise. Thanks for sharing it on KZbin. 😊

[@leonardo006]

Yall cringy as fuck... theres actually things called positrons @John Slack and yes electrons have a negative charge @Thomas DeLauer... Hence the field of chemistry= charge exchange for matter manipulation... remember elementary? positive attracts negative? That's how matter interacts

[@joflo5950]

@@leonardo006 Positrons are not "positive electrons". They are the "positive sibling" of the electron, but they are not only the charge, but also the parity opposite. And they wouldn't last long either, creating small explosions all around your body.

[@JohnThunder]

Thank you for the great information Thomas

[@ThomasDeLauerOfficial]

John Thunder thank you for tuning in!!

[@bashairalhidri5955]

Thank you!

[@johneli495]

I think you meant ATP synthase at 8:50. Very helpful, thanks for the information

[@wissalkadri]

Thank you soooooo much you have no idea how much that helped

[@neosporin47]

Wow. You have a lot of comments on this post, so chances of you responding to this one is slim. But thank you for the information. :) 2 things; 1) Video on how protein breaks down in the body. Maybe animal protein vs plant protein. 2) Are Chia seeds ok to consume during a fast? Thanks again for your channel. :)

[@Julian-pk2vr]

Hey Tom, the explanation of what the mitochondria does was down to the point

[@ingesta_]

Thank you :)

[@anadeliasalinas3464]

Thoughts on red light therapies or other lights therapies?

[@PLitvinov]

Great! Give us more!!!

[@user-iv7bo2pz1h]

U r right some ppl don't even understand mitochondria cuz they can't feel it. They have mitochondrial dysfunction. They get tired w workout etc I was one of them till I watched ur video n learnt about all this

[@dr.mohamedaitnouh4501]

Seems interesting I will study more and come back to this video

[@stainedglasschick]

Great breakdown! Thanks so much!

[@ThomasDeLauerOfficial]

Natalie Minyard thanks for tuning in!

[@stainedglasschick]

Keep an eye out. I'll be doing a channel in a year or so on using my garden to cure my PCOS(with facial and chest hair)(good times let me tell you). I've learned a ton from you and your family, thank you so much again for taking the time to create such great content!

[@jbfitness3056]

thank you for breaking it down

[@regprofant6984]

Very well done

[@AussieAngeS]

Very interesting Thomas , thank you for explaining this to us, makes sense to me

[@ThomasDeLauerOfficial]

FitAngie glad to hear that!! Thanks for watching!

[@danielojeda451]

Nice explanation, thanks

[@ThomasDeLauerOfficial]

Daniel Ojeda thank you for watching!!

[@PLEASE-FOCUS]

Thomas, this is one of your best videos so far! Look at you go! You truly have the gift of teaching. I would love for you to get guests on the show and talk science. Both in cell biology and exercise science. :)

[@craigmcintier5488]

Thanks for your clear presentation on this subject. After listening to Dr Thomas Seyfried, it blew my mind the important role that the Mitochondria has and the mistreating of them is ultimately the cause of cancer.

[@ElvisPereira-ex9dy]

Great breakdown Thomas!! i had forgotten some of this since i learned it back in high school but this video brushed off the cobwebs! Thanks again, keep ‘em coming!!

[@ThomasDeLauerOfficial]

Elvis Pereira thank you for tuning in!

[@DStrayCat69]

Great talk :-) More please...

[@barskaancapan7030]

thank you

[@ThomasDeLauerOfficial]

Barış Kaan Çapan thank you for watching!

[@erinpaul4921]

Thank you for sharing all that info! I'm sure you put a ton of effort into this presentation! It's awesome that you break down how the body works instead of just telling people eat this and not that because I say so!

[@ThomasDeLauerOfficial]

Erin Paul thank you for tuning in! Glad you enjoyed the video!!

[@fatnesstofitnessthereandback]

Great video! Could you break down in a similar manner how fat is actually broken down. ?

[@LawrenceKassab]

This was very cool thanks

[@mattatwood.firehorse]

Great video Thomas. I am writing a book on fasting and I watch your videos to get ideas on how to break it down. Keep it up!

[@belizeguy]

I maintain that if I had an instructor like you in Cellular Biology , I would have done better and understood more with your excellent breaking down of complex concepts . Thanks again . Excellent video .

[@trishal.p8354]

Very useful video! Thanks!

[@ThomasDeLauerOfficial]

Trishal KL7 thank you for watching!

[@trishal.p8354]

Thomas DeLauer never miss your videos 😄

[@douggreenwood7192]

Fantastic stuff mate love that I stumbled on these, they're gold. Any chance you could do a video on pre game/game day nutrition? And also if someone is working away with no kitchen access and limited restaurant/food choice what you'd recommend?

[@TheMesoPeaks]

Free knowledge right there!

[@iscoktay]

Dude, this is one of the best videos you've ever shared!! Keep it going!

[@Optimus79Prime]

Very good!

[@Cougarsamurai]

I suffer from Fibromyalgia which is linked to problems with the mitochondria. This is why I intermittent fast, to give them a chance to repair. Not sure how much it is working but a least I have a healthy bodyfat % (15). :)

[@bruceleggett7500]

Look at the benefits of sunlight and mitochondria energy production

[@jonathanhadley2555]

@Cougarsamurai Sorry to hear I've got CFS/ME/MCS due to past exposure to V.O.Cs & Benzene

[@jonathanhadley2555]

@Bruce Leggett Also check out Infrared Sauna & Oxygen Therapy

[@arthurdolle5257]

Personally I like the details in your discussions and don't feel you need to apologize for them.

[@travislay5672]

Hey Thomas, Whats your take on Alternate Day Fasting (ADF) have you looked in to this vs. Intermittent or even 24/36hour fasting?

[@maritzasaivay306]

Excellent video!

[@marknicholson7992]

brilliant man!

[@odysodys1098]

Thomas, your use of graphics is outstanding. Thanks! And thanks to mom for my kicking mitochondria. 12,000 rpm -- wow!

[@jesschristianson3863]

Yo I just discovered this guy and he's awesome! I've never seen anyone that cover these topics the way he does. I listen to Jeff Cavalier with Athlean X for his movements and muscle skeletal videos, and this guy because of his ketogenesis/body chemistry videos. They both talk about nutrition and know things others don't. To me they're like the yin and the yang. Their approaches can be a little different when they talk nutrition, but I just look at it as two options when that happens. If you listen to them both and do what they say, watch what happens!

[@jacklonghearse9821]

Jess Christianson Same

[@jesschristianson3863]

Lift 2 Hold Ill check out Nippard too thanx a lot!

[@mohammadbelal7276]

good

[@markh2005]

How about a video explainig the effects of IR and near IR light, ie LLLT, affects ATP and apoptosis?

[@NecotheFreeko14]

Awesome video Thomas!! I have a request for a video sir. I can't seem to find a doctor that cares enough to explain it, so I'm hoping that you will!! When I exercise, get to hot, or get stressed out my body starts to itch very badly. All of the research that I am doing is pointing to a surge of histamine being released. I'm curious if you have heard of this or experienced it, and what you recommend to control it. Thank you a million fold! This has been a pain in the butt for years and I'm really looking forward to conquering it! Some of the reading says that I may be low on an enzyme called DAO?? Which breaks down histamines and keeps them from building up in the body. I'm not sure if I'm off in the weeds or not with this though. Thank you!

[@victoriaburgess700]

I love it! Review of my biology class! Thank you! Helps me become a better RD!

[@nicholasfraser8529]

Wow... thanks for that info.

[@ThomasDeLauerOfficial]

Nicholas Fraser thank you for watching!

[@nicholasfraser8529]

What suppliments or nutrients can i use to increase mitochondria fuction?

[@ktytkan]

I loved this video!!!

[@ThomasDeLauerOfficial]

Kaylyn TW thank you for watching!!

[@srikarmudapally4901]

Hey thomas, we would love to hear if you make a program on SIBO and IBS.

[@jonathanhadley2555]

Srikarmudpally S.I.B.O =for Small Intestine Bacteria Overload when as I.B.S is a vague diagnosis of certain foods irritating the digestive system!

[@greyfish5116]

thanks for the explanation 😊. I have a question and I hope you have the answer. I had a spinal fusion operation in my lower back (4_5 L) 7 months ago and it hasn't healed 100% yet. I've gained more fat and lost more muscles. I was 73 kilogrammes and now I'm 78 kilogrammes (height: 176 cm), so I gained more that 5 kilogrammes of fat. but yet I'm not allowed to do any sport (except few bench press exercises) what should I do to lose at least 5_8 kilos over up to 5 months , intermittent fasting or something else ?! do you have any clues if there are any exercises I can do ?! you might recommend that I ask my doctor. well I tried but he just didn't listen to me. (I'm 18 years old)

[@theluckyones8]

Hi. All this information is great, thank you very much. Also, I know you have made videos before about omega 3, but I still have a doubt: Can omega3 supplements break a fast? Thank you :)

[@Stu412t]

Great vid. Wow. I had no idea.

[@ThomasDeLauerOfficial]

stu glad you enjoyed it thank you for watching!!

[@wakinglions747]

Love this! However, PLEASE tell us before you flash your abs. I nearly choked on my drink.

[@sic2mystomach]

MJ Brewer he's a beautiful sight shirtless

[@soyyo8565]

Awesome video

[@ThomasDeLauerOfficial]

El Jimmy thanks for watching!

[@ashokpatil8292]

Now what I really come to know why it is called as power house of cell. Thanks alot for explanatio

[@matt281075]

👍👌 nicely put!

[@ThomasDeLauerOfficial]

matthew whitfield thanks for watching!

[@pauljohnson8422]

Nice video actually helped me study for my exercise science test! Could you go into how we can apply this knowledge to our diet and exercise in further videos!

[@andriitymchenko11]

Not only did you not explained it, but you also confused me about what I already knew. IMHO if you want to know how it works, you should watch advanced videos on this topic. And yes, it's going to take a lot more time, but I think this is worth it.​

[@jeffkingston67]

I would be interested to hear your thoughts on small intestine bacterial overgrowth and links to skin health such as rosacea and acne. Thanks for such well thought out and presented videos.

[@qwertyui6348]

You will make a good bio teacher!

[@rajankhadka7744]

Hi u alwys hav a great video .but I hav a huge confusion over protin shake while fasting . How to use supliment while fasting

[@Kalvinism]

POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL

[@TripleNippleNick]

Kalvinism I jsut love how Thomas loved this comment

[@SquatFull]

Good abbreviated presentation. I'm a mitochondria student too. Reading about the mitochondria and metabolism made becoming fat adapted easier.