27. Nuclear Materials - Radiation Damage and Effects in Matter

MIT 22.01 Introduction to Nuclear Engineering and Ionizing Radiation, Fall 2016
Instructor: Michael Short
View the complete course: ocw.mit.edu/22-01F16
KZbin Playlist: • MIT 22.01 Introduction...
Prof. Short uses all the concepts introduced thus far to introduce the study of nuclear materials and radiation damage - his field of study. The concept of ionizing radiation creating nuclear displacements, not just electron ionization, is introduced as the first event in radiation damage. The structural defects produced from these displacements are shown to cluster, move, and evolve, resulting in drastic changes to material properties. Key structural material properties and their formal definitions are introduced and demystified by watching a pair of Finnish scientists smash various items with a 50 ton hydraulic press.
License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
More information at ocw.mit.edu/terms
More courses at ocw.mit.edu

[@mitocw]

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[@Mst3000113]

I took this course in engineering school 30 years ago. Wish I had such a good instructor back then as I have now watching this video. You can't put a price on a great teacher.

[@jordanweimer788]

KZbin ftw

[@supermanwhereareyounow3081]

No wonder it is one of the best institution in the world....all the lecturers are great...their enthusiasm is infectious....I hope my daughter is able to attend MIT....

[@Radiologicalmcqs]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/bqLZcml_pMqWnLc

[@johnbutz9200]

I agree 100%

[@jona.scholt4362]

I've been watching this series of lectures and am loving it. Free lectures like this are KZbin at it's best.

[@sideshowbob1544]

The hydraulic press channel should be required watching for all materials science students!

[@surveysays8335]

It's interesting to find out what "work hardening" is. I work with work hardening materials often, and I didn't realize it was due to the stacking effect of dislocations.

[@taraswertelecki3786]

A classic example of that is what happens when brass cartridge cases for ammunition are reloaded. Eventually, the brass becomes brittle, and cracks.

[@FLnative13thGen]

Marveling at my ability to retain all this gibberish, great instructor.

[@dangerous8333]

If you remember it after a week, that's not retaining it. If you remember majority of it after a year, I'll listen.

[@justinbellotti7838]

With the diamond. Their hardness is based on stress against the grain. So when one shatters like that it is more of a cleaving along the grain lines. That's also why it takes a pro to cut jewelry diamonds competently. I love these videos.

[@johnolson7430]

Too old to go back now, but wish i would have been able to take this class and learn something from this man . He is an outstanding teacher.

[@grimlock1471]

I had an awesome lab partner in digital electronics. He was a retiree who noticed my college let seniors audit courses for peanuts.

[@chadr2604]

You can do an easy experiment at the gym to experience elastic deformation. Put 3 45s on each side of the bar then press it on the flat you will notice you have to elastically deform the bar before it moves. Put another 25 on each side it deforms even more. Take the 25s off and put another 45 and a 25 on each side the bar flexes quite a lot over an inch. The effect is not linear the bar is very stiff until you get around 405 lbs then it starts flexing like soft plastic

[@cappypyramsaudpate5535]

by the way, lead self anneals at room temperature which allows it to be ductile no matter how much deformation it undergoes.

[@Nick-xm1ux]

That's cool

[@trespire]

@@Nick-xm1ux I saw what you did there !!

[@Nick-xm1ux]

@@trespire 😉

[@alpacatwoniner2370]

if you create too many subspace voids a portal will open and Species 8472 will invade normal space

[@CommissionerSleer]

Even if you invert the phase and reverse the tachyon flow? Asking for a friend.

[@wanderinghistorian]

@@CommissionerSleer Hear me out. If we can reconfigure the deflector dish, we can use it to reverse the polarity of the subspace void so that it collapses on itself. Like letting the air out of a balloon!

[@kirkyorg7654]

yes and thanks to Janeway and crew we know that's bad lol good one !

[@kerryevans7283]

I am really enjoying these lectures. Thank you.

[@electronicjo1]

you're welcome

[@SomeRandomPerson163]

I think one importand thing was not mentioned. Difference between true stress/strain curve and curve from test machine. It explaining strange decreasing on curve in last part.

[@RiDankulous]

This is a super course, thank you! Concerning toughness, durability and strength, there are different word usages but of course for the materials science definitions they could be misunderstood by lay persons. However, if I was discussing the characteristics in terms of the resilience of a material or item, I would learn the materials science definitions very carefully so I'd be on the same page as person speaking about it. I wondered about deformation in reactor components causing some sort of failure. For example, the pebble bed reactor seems to assume there will not be deformations. I wonder if the spheres can deform to the point where they don't slide down anymore; they get stuck. There was a reactor in Idaho that had a problem. They couldn't remove a control rod and said it is likely that it was stuck and then got unstuck with hard pulling and pulled it out way way too far, causing the death of 3 people. That sticking I wonder if had to do with deformation of an item due to design flaw or manufacturing problem.

[@taraswertelecki3786]

If memory serves, that was the infamous SL-1 accident.

[@HotPinkst17]

Since the radiation at the continually leaking meltdown at Fukushima is so intense robots' materials are destroyed by the radiation before the nuclear waste can be contained, if the robots had a constantly flowing foam of radiation absorbing or refracting fluid spraying all over them, could it protect the robots long enough to clear the Fukushima nuclear waste? What would you make the fluid foam out of to protect the equipment enough to successfully proceed with decontamination?

[@patinthechat6452]

This is the first time I have heard of material swelling due to radiation damage on the order of 20-30% is freaking nuts to me.

[@HimothyMcVeigh]

25:41 the sneeze

[@jazzatar]

I can't help but picture this incredible instructor as Buster Bluth from an alternate timeline.

[@PBeringer]

So THAT's who he looks like! It was killing me. But now I feel terrible ...

[@patrickpatrick13]

Thank you for this lecture! Very interesting.

[@harrywhittaker7563]

27:00 Holy crap that is so goddamn cool, atoms on the move! I'm also interested in that little line scooting back and forth to the right of the loop, is that a slip bouncing about?

[@chadr2604]

It looks like they could build a reactor where the coolant is hotter than the fuel. Run it way beyond critical for a fraction of a second the neutrons heat the coolant then quench it. Wouldn't fast neutrons have a temperature of 10,000-15,000°F at least? It looks like you could get better use of the fuel the hotter it is. You could extract juice by MHD then drive a turbine then use the leftover heat to run a steam turbine.

[@MarriageArezou1]

Great lecture. Thank you very much for sharing it.

[@Radiologicalmcqs]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/bqLZcml_pMqWnLc

[@DDDelgado]

I have enjoyed the lectures thus far, a few to finish the whole

[@argilbertson]

The section showcasing the hydraulic press and the CO2 canister puts me in mind of watching manufacturers make spherical metal containers using shockwaves

[@jdubs2171]

This is awesome! Feed my Brain!

[@kirkyorg7654]

what a great teacher this guy is amazing if an old "wood manipulating engineer" lol like me can kind of understand what this guy is saying students are lucky to have this guy after a couple of hours of watching his lectures i realize i am smarter than i thought lmao who knew?!!!!

[@dangerous8333]

If you're really an engineer, why would you even think this would be hard to understand?

[@Sevem7m]

@@dangerous8333 I think that might be a fancy way of saying carpenter lol, but im not sure

[@andrewkelley9405]

Ah, I finally understand why this stuff is so dangerous.

[@drewendly89]

Hydraulic presses and Chernobyl. Thank you mother Russia for all the valuable learning lessons.

[@dalejr183]

29 mins that’s a shock. In the 80’s 90’s when I was in school as far as I was told there was nothing that could see Atoms. When did this change?

[@Ken-no5ip]

Im a first year nuclear engineering student and im just interested in seeing what ill be learning later on

[@RiDankulous]

Michael Short is pretty cool dude. I wonder what he's up to now? He seems personable and might go far in a leadership position.

[@AlChemicalLife]

He's still an instructor at MIT and running research on measuring nuclear material without damage or contact via TGS .

[@AlChemicalLife]

actually , He and the Research group just published a paper this year "Swelling resistance of an austenitic stainless steel with uniformly distributed nanosized NbC precipitates under heavy ion irradiation."

[@harrywhittaker7563]

I have a sample for nuclear activation analysis, allegedly it's a piece of Trinitite, but it'll be cool to see if any Plutonium can be detected

[@trespire]

The video at 27min in is amazing.

[@Perforu]

Hi! I was wondering if you'd have a solution to build upon this awesome effect - would there be a way to control the "smoke" color without the black background to keep the transparency and assuming the source material we use for the effect is not white? So would there be a way to control JUST the colors of the smoke and the color to which it fades?

[@stanleykubik9823]

Thank you

[@buzzfiend]

Low key dancing through the Commonwealth with this on my radio 👀

[@dangerous8333]

Haha! Me too! Chilling at the Castle at the moment.

[@buzzfiend]

@@dangerous8333 HAVE YOUR TEA BACK, YOU JACKANAPES

[@andrewmaxfield5873]

Did my dude actually say ... "Unless you go to zero Kelvin for infinite time"? Hahaha - that's some stasis that I'd never like to experience - ufff

[@davidwright5719]

Why are stress-strain curves drawn with this orientation? Strain would intuitively be the dependent variable, thus naturally on the vertical axis.

[@alihouadef5539]

25:42 lol

[@consonaadversapars]

the cutest sneeze

[@meddylad]

The aluminium compression test is not on its own a measure of its properties..... take into consideration the different ways it can be deformed (pulled, compressed, twisted) and other environmental factors such as surrounding elements, temperature etc

[@Bond-dy6cb]

Fabulous instruction; really enjoying it. My father worked at Oak Ridge National Laboratories for over 40 years. We would have so many wonderful discussions on the subject. Thanks so much for the big share.

[@normlor]

I HAVE A QUESTION ON EMPS, WE ALL KNOW THAT ALL ELECTRONICS ARE FREID FOREVER, BUT WHAT OF COMPONENTS BY THE BILLIONS SITTING IN FACTORIES. WHY HAS NO ONE THOUGHT OF BUILDING NEW ONES FROM THESE. NOT ONLY THIS BUT BURY THE SAME AMOUNT IN CONTAINERS UNDER THE SEA OR DEEP LAKES WITH LEAD SHEETING TO PROTECT THEM???

[@GroundGame.]

Here from Chernobyl series. Anyone else too? It's only 3.6 . . .

[@DDDelgado]

Please check or Recearch Gale my question/proposal on "Reactor Neutrinos detection with Graphene?"

[@CrimLawGeek]

They need to do this at 9am?! Oh hell no!!!!

[@harrywhittaker7563]

My nuclear activation analysis sample would be a lump of Ruthenium so I can add Technetium to my element collection

[@DSkehan2004]

Has compound 27-4 been used to neutralize radiation used in chernobyl?

[@forheuristiclifeksh7836]

6:48

[@ThreatFromAbovee]

Im taking this course without paying 150.000 dollars fight me

[@forheuristiclifeksh7836]

1:40

[@alex-dn9to]

he thought he was going to get us with the plastically disform.. wouldnt all materials undergo this process if pure heat is added or the force is applied evenly

[@haruhi3728]

i'm here cuz of chernobyl series

[@darcyh1241]

MIT Open Courseware has quite a few interesting videos on nuclear topics. Also see videos with Matthew Bunn.

[@marcusalexander7088]

Same. This fellow explains VERY well!

[@casedup]

Great lecturer and material. Suddenly struck me that he looks like Mark Zuckerberg's father.

[@annettes5866]

Wow there are no comments..must be too many un knowledgable very interesting lesson...

[@bconigliaro]

It's fun to crush things.

[@asitriresearch]

Sidney?

[@dangerous8333]

Sheila?

[@beekeeper6063]

Why did the military not teach us this...

[@annettes5866]

much larger cell and not quite equal in size ...

[@andrewmaxfield5873]

Also - I'm going to the bank tomorrow to grab some 1 Yen coins ...

[@TaylorDelRey]

Radiation is dangerous? Fuck.

[@jamesstirling3792]

😅😅😅😅😅😅

[@bartheldresch9999]

The giddy pantry genomically measure because scissors ethnically cheer in a abject downtown. capricious, adamant development

[@andrewferguson6901]

not quite

[@webbster1014]

In English please

[@trespire]

In Elgrish prease.

[@robertzehrung9281]

Poor lecture.

[@wld-ph]

What about Foamed.Lead for near-field shielding