Crystalline XRD Vs. Amorphous XRD: How To Analysis XRD Data / Plot / Graph In Research Paper?

[@qq4094]

Seriously, these are life savers concise, digestible, Awesome job!!! Thank you so much for this!!! Only note is I wish there were subtitles when I click the CC

[@qamarwali]

Many thanks for the nice words. Sure, I will improve the contents and incorporate your other suggestions. ❤️

[@Sparxe]

Clearest explanation I've seen. Thank you so much!

[@qamarwali]

I am happy it helps . Welcome and wish you all the best 👍

[@nelsonprabu]

I am just now watching your video, How you have given such a beautiful explanation. If I had seen this video during my research I could have done my research much better.

[@qamarwali]

I am happy you like it. Thanks for your comment ❤️

[@kavitasinghchauhan8555]

Sir Your depth of knowledge and grip on fundamentals help us a lot. Thank you, sir.

[@qamarwali]

I am happy you like it. Thanks so much 🙏 💓

[@ritugarg7438]

You r a great Professor .....Sir aaj tak samaz nahi aaya tha...lekin ab aa gaya

[@qamarwali]

I am happy it helps.

[@mbongenisiwela5710]

This explanation just simplified a lot if problems, thanks a lot!!

[@qamarwali]

I am happy it helps

[@amishaverma6692]

Thanks alot sir, yr explanation is really helpful. I wish we had teachers like you at our institutions.

[@qamarwali]

Many thanks for your nice comment. I am happy it helps

[@BetonDoktoru]

Dear Professor, thank you very much for your summarized valuable contribution.

[@qamarwali]

Glad it was helpful!

[@devaraphysics1446]

Sir could u plz explain why hump comes at lower angles in case of amorphous materials in detail rather than disordered orientation

[@qamarwali]

The key reason is the scattering angle. When the path difference is = 0, no destructive interference and high peaks When the path difference is greater than 0, then there is a chance of destructive interference, and the peaks decrease... Now, the higher the angle, the greater the path difference, the more destructive interference as a result, no peaks or smaller pealks..

[@zulfiqarshigri3708]

Outstanding sir thanks for your support by making such a gorgeous videos 📸

[@qamarwali]

I am happy you like it. You are always welcome

[@riyasv7971]

This is excellent, the analogy make it easy understanding.anyway, thank you so much

[@qamarwali]

Yeah, example and analogy make things simple. I am happy it helps and thank you for your nice comment

[@mohammadkhalil3265]

That is simplest way … finally I’m understand … thanks 🙏

[@qamarwali]

Welcome

[@LearnwithAasma]

the best videos so farrrr love ypur workkk.. respectttt to you sirr

[@qamarwali]

Many thanks for your comment

[@devaraphysics1446]

Your explanation is quite good Sir but my doubt is that why a hump like structure comes only at the smaller angles why not at bigger angles. As the material is amorphous it should be homogeneous throughout. Is there any explanation or particular reason for that hump at smaller angles but not at the bigger angles.

[@qamarwali]

This is a good question. If you look into the crystalline XRD, there also the higher intense peaks occur at lower angles. This may be due to the fact that when the scattering angle is increasing ,thr xrays absorb by the sample and less intense peaks are observed. The same is for the amorphous hump...

[@bmn.phd.91]

Thanks. one question, maybe this broadening of the peak is related to microstrain or crystallite size but still we have a crystalline material. Is it a good measurement then?

[@qamarwali]

Yes, it is an approximate measurement. The crystallite size calculation from XRD is not that reliable. For best results, we need to use FESEM, or TEM, as you can see the grain size or crystallite size or even particle size..

[@beautifullyearth576]

Very clear. Thanks so much

[@qamarwali]

Welcome

[@organiccookingmore9071]

Very good explanation...hats off for u

[@qamarwali]

I am happy it helps.

[@organiccookingmore9071]

@@qamarwali R u from quetta, peshawar or Afghanistan?

[@qamarwali]

@@organiccookingmore9071 I am from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa near to Peshawar

[@shushantrajput3379]

❤ amazing explanation....

[@qamarwali]

Thanks 😊. I am happy you like it

[@mehranalam1274]

if there is partial crystalline xrd, how can we distinguish or mark the amorphous and crystalline region. the above example is very simple. please upload some videos about complex xrd. thanks

[@qamarwali]

I don't think if a material has both regions, i.e., *Crystalline* & *Amorphous* regions at the same time. If it is there, it would be much better to use TEM, SAED analysis to differentiate. The *pXRD for amorphous* shows broad peaks as the diffraction cancell each others and no peak intensity in a specific direction. It is just like when you *shine light on a broken mirror*. You won't get any reflected light in a specific direction. Rather, the light is scattered in all directions with very low intensity, or it is called diffuse intensity. *pXRD for crystalline materials* gives sharp and narrow peaks due to the diffraction of x-rays in specific direction as crystalline materials have order in atomic position. It is just like a perfect mirror. When you shine light, the light will reflect in a specific direction with high intensity.

[@mehranalam1274]

@@qamarwali nice thanks sir

[@mehranalam1274]

@@qamarwali some material have both region, from appearance we can observe there is both region.

[@koukoukoukita7008]

​@@qamarwali sur please would you please give me your email IAM stuck in interpretation, if you can help me sir of course. Thank you so much for the precious information that you are sharing with us

[@qamarwali]

@koukoukoukita7008 you are welcome. I see my email very rarely. I can definitely answer your question here to the best of my capabilities. If I know your question, I will definitely explain and respond. Please drop your query

[@MrInzombia]

thank you so much. Great lecturer

[@qamarwali]

I am very happy it helps

[@kevalbharati860]

Amezing explanation,thank you sir.

[@qamarwali]

I am happy it helps. Thank you for your appreciation

[@muhammadumarkhan9586]

Fantastic explanation Sir Keep it up Thank you very much

[@qamarwali]

You are welcome

[@S.H.Less55]

How can i find FWHM without origin software for calculations of crystalline nature.

[@qamarwali]

I think you have to calculate those parameters using any software. PowerPoint or paint can helps

[@anasahmad1862]

sir why all amorphous show broad peak in 20-40 degree only ???

[@qamarwali]

Usually amorphous materials shows BROAD XRD peaks. This is due to the reasons that there is no long range order of the atoms in the amorphous materials. The x-rays scatter from the atoms in different directions and we get diffused spectra (less intense and broad peaks) The Crystalline sample give Sharp XRD Peaks. This is due to the fact that atoms arranged in the crystal acts like a plane (mirror). I always give this example to clarify the concepts. *Crystalline materials:* We we shine visible light on the mirror, the reflection of the light is intense (sharp). *Amorphous materials:* When you break the mirror into pieces and the pieces are still in the frame and then shine light, the reflections is NOT sharp but instead diffuse Why the peaks are getting less intense at higher 2theta and with the lower angle, the peaks getting smaller. I strongly recommend watching this full playlist on XRD analysis kzbin.info/aero/PLWgqLpcPbMgckHs0e677v8_GUh9-itYoS

[@anasahmad1862]

@ thank you sir 😍

[@michaelviti5091]

This was excellent, thank you so much!!!

[@qamarwali]

Welcome

[@udaysinghpatil7759]

my test sample consist of many compounds. How can I find the type of compound present in the test samples using XRD graph? i.e how can i correlate XRD graph with composition of sample.

[@qamarwali]

XRD does not shows you composition of element or compound. It only shows crystalline nature of a material. For finding compounds or elements in your sample, you need EDS/ EDX analysis. I have made video on it too.

[@Pankajkumar-pd1cy]

thank u sir for informative video

[@qamarwali]

Welcome

[@mehranalam1274]

how can we differentiate between amorphous and noise contain in the xrd?

[@qamarwali]

Amorphous and noise are two different things. Amorphous peak will be broad one . Noise will looks like sawtooth and can not differentiate it's peaks.

[@mehranalam1274]

@@qamarwali thanks sir ur answer is appreciated

[@aditibandhral]

Thanks a lot Sir

[@sumitkumar-el3kc]

Thank you so much, so finding miller indices in case of amorphous is not worth it? Right?

[@qamarwali]

You are right, I reckon. Becuse in amorphous we have no peaks.

[@sumitkumar-el3kc]

@@qamarwali also sir, crystallite size interpretation is difficult too in case of amorphous?

[@qamarwali]

I agree with you. Basically peaks comes from diffraction of of so many planes in a particular direction. Just like analogy with a big mirror (crystalline) and when you break that mirror into so many pieces than it become amorphous

[@qamarwali]

I agree with you. Basically peaks comes from diffraction of of so many planes in a particular direction. Just like analogy with a big mirror (crystalline) and when you break that mirror into so many pieces than it become amorphous

[@qamarwali]

I agree with you. Basically peaks comes from diffraction of of so many planes in a particular direction. Just like analogy with a big mirror (crystalline), when we shine light, we get reflection at one point and when you break that mirror into so many pieces then we get diffuse reflection and we call it amorphous

[@karlasalazarsanchez578]

Hi, I have some peaks data and idk what "Int. I(cps deg)" and "Int. W(deg)" mean, Can you help me with those meanings? thanks

[@qamarwali]

Sorry I could not see the message. Actually on the x-axis, there is 2 theta in degree unit and on y-axis, there is intensity in unit of cps means count per second or a.u means arbitrary unit.

[@PharezTube]

amazing lectire. thank you sir!!!!

[@qamarwali]

I am glad it helps

[@newkhan7152]

Great sir

[@vidyasagarsingarapu2135]

Sir is there any standard pdf card for amorphous zinc phosphate glass

[@qamarwali]

Of course, there are the data available. Just look for an ICDD or JCPDS card or simply do compressive literature review, and I do hope the researcher must have reported.

[@vidyasagarsingarapu2135]

If you don't mind, can u help me to find out the jcpds card.

[@qamarwali]

@vidyasagarsingarapu2135 you just try first. It is good for you as you learn different things while searching . Ask on *researchgate* if you have a profile there, and many researchers will respond. Read at least 20 research papers related to this zinc phosphate glass and some decent *review papers*. You are not supposed to read the full papers but only the specific portion of your interest. I am sure you will find it. Wish you all the best !

[@jamilaa9506]

that's so useful thank you man

[@qamarwali]

You are welcome

[@pompapathipompapathi14]

Super sir

[@rukhsarlatif5840]

best keep it up

[@qamarwali]

Thank you

[@mithilagunarathne7543]

Thank you sir 🙏🏻

[@qamarwali]

Welcome

[@deepikagarg3456]

Amazing👍

[@Bibilophile-t6u]

Tq so much sir

[@qamarwali]

Welcome

[@manniribrahimtarno1538]

Well appreciated

[@qamarwali]

Thank you sir

[@Jaago12]

nice

[@BC-yr6eg]

👍🏿👍🏿👍🏿👍🏿👍🏿

[@jahanzaibali6037]

Bhai tu urdu me dedia kr presentation. Is munh per English achi nh lgti.....

[@qamarwali]

Okay thanks so much for suggestions. I will start it

[@mrhasans]

If he spoke other languages except English I wouldn't be here.

[@akshitkumar228]

you please use your original voice . not very much good . do not pretend like britishers.

[@qamarwali]

Haha. Noted with thanks

[@abdulrehman-nt7zm]

nice