Modern terms in Latin: How do we have them? | Latin Neologisms. What's Latin for Internet?

How do Latin speakers today talk about modern concepts like the Internet or electricity or iPhones? It's actually a very easily solved question. This video will answer it! Please share it with others who have this question.
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Intro and outro music: Overture of Die Zauberflöte (The Magic Flute) by Mozart
00:00 Intro
03:27 Where to find Latin neologisms

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

I have a written a new short story in Latin! with drammatically acted audiobook. Check it out: luke-ranieri.myshopify.com/collections/frontpage/products/fabula-anatina-a-duckish-tale-in-latin 🦆 It's a children's book about the odyssey of a duckling who wants to learn how to fly.

[@Gewaldro]

Instead of speaking Latin you should show us your workout routine and how buff you are!

[@danius_huganius]

i know this is old, but this is actually pretty adorable

[@TexGaming]

I dont speak Latin myself, as much as I'd love to learn, but what I would LOVE to see is a community of Latin speakers coming together and creating their own town that only uses Latin, street signs, buildings, schools, etc. That way we could truly say it is once again living.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

That would be interesting

[@IONATVS]

Hebrew is the only dead language I know of that has been resurrected in that way (from the Babylonian exile to the modern state of Israel, Hebrew was used in the Jewish community much like Latin was used in the medieval Catholic Church, as an international lingua franca and way to study important religious texts, but in daily life Hebrew speakers would normally use Aramaic or Yiddish or Ladino or other regional languages), but even that one example demonstrates that it should be possible.

[@bhutchin1996]

Just having professional news in Latin would be great. To see that with Sanskrit, look up 'Varta' or 'Vaarta' with Sanskrit. World news too, including the current weather conditions in the USA.

[@majy1735]

Did you know that Michel de Montaigne, a major French writer who lived in the 16th century, was brought up exclusively in Latin? His father had given instructions to his private tutors and anyone else approaching his son (until the age of 6 or something, I'm not quite sure) to either speak only Latin to him or shut up. As a result, Montaigne's native language was Latin and French was only his second language. Thrilling, isn't? Later on, as an adult, he would routinely complain, notably in his famous Essays, that his French was pretty rotten 🤭If anything, his French sounds very Latin but, for Renaissance French, it's hardly surprising anyway.

[@PedroAugusto-xp4tt]

@@bhutchin1996 I mean, there's vatican news.

[@cmyk8964]

I remember hearing an anecdote of someone attending a Latin convention, and asking someone where he can park his “chariot” because he forgot the word for “car”.

[@pierreabbat6157]

Did he say "carrus"? Because that's where "car" came from.

[@cmyk8964]

@@pierreabbat6157 I wouldn’t know; he didn’t mention the Latin words he used.

[@christophercolumbus8944]

@@cmyk8964 mercedes !!!! perfect replacement for the word "car" or automobile what do you think

[@bhutchin1996]

Another choice could be 'vectura'; French uses 'voiture' for car. I'd choose that over 'machina', even if Italian uses 'macchina' (spelling?) and Russian uses 'mashina' (stress on the penultimate syllable).

[@BUSHCRAPPING]

@@bhutchin1996 romanian uses maSina, cant find the special s on this keyboard but it stands for a Sh sound, its almost an anglicised version of the italian version. i dont speak latin but wouldnt "auto"" be the best translation if you want to appeal to the most speakers because it works very well in all the latin languages "autobus" for example but because of amercian german influence it also works in english too, even russian uses "autobus"

[@Caine61]

I thought the internet did exist in Ancient Rome. Julius Caesar uploaded a profile pic and 23 of his friends poked him on Facebook.

[@cerberaodollam]

Groan 🤣

[@jordanrodrigues1279]

Et tu, Brute?

[@maddyg3208]

Selfies with gladiators were popular if you could find the right stone carver

[@Michail_Chatziasemidis]

και συ, τέκνον;

[@Muck-qy2oo]

Nulla penitus in Roma antiqua fuit!

[@gianb3952]

English is a second language for me and I never made the choice of "how I wanted to speak". I've been watching KZbin for so long that I've just adopted thousands of words by "accident". My accent is a mess using words from all over the English speaking world and not knowing which words are from where 😂😂😂

[@TheZenytram]

And because of that my theory for the future of english is that, it's gonna evolve as a creole language with itself.

[@BFDT-4]

@@TheZenytram - "creole" To be honest, English IS a creole already! :) Its development from early proto-Germanic into "Anglo-Saxon - Early English" was interrupted by the invasions of the Danes. Anglo-Saxon was highly inflected (difficult endings), but Danish was not. And after a few decades, to buy a horse from one side of the Danelaw to the other required linguistic adjustment, to say the least. And then when the Normans invaded, who spoke a Viking-ized Early French, English absorbed that vocabulary and usage. And THEN during the Renaissance, neologisms emerged through the early English scientists and Shakespeare who wrote plays with both high-class Frenchified English and also an Anglo-Saxon "translation" for the audience in the pit, we have a real mess of a language. And THEN, as English spread around the world through trade or colonization, we gathered vocabulary and even some usage from the Americas, India, and many other places. Not only is English a creole, but a very healthy MONGREL! :)

[@TheZenytram]

@Quelques Montagnes facepalm...

[@stevenklinden]

@@BFDT-4 English is not a creole language - that term has a specific linguistic definition, which English doesn't fulfill. It is a language with a huge number of loan words, but those loan words were adopted over time by a continuously existing population of speakers. That doesn't make it a creole language.

[@studyinginthedesert7690]

Your accent may or may not be a mess but your grammar is incredible. Many native speakers still say "on accident" like 5th graders, mirroring the correct "on purpose". You've obviously put in some great effort; good job!

[@jaksap]

A long time ago I heard there is an office in the Vatican that administers modern Latin language. I remember they approved shampoo=capilavium.

[@yum2735]

I own a dictionary called Lexicon Recentis Latinitatis published by the Libraria Editoria Vaticana and it indeed has "capitilavium" for shampoo.

[@jaksap]

@@yum2735 You are right. I just heard the word, and did not notice "t" back then.

[@evodius1]

pizza (placenta compressa), hot pants (brevíssimae bracae femíneae)

[@piotrfelix]

Yup, it's called Pontifical Academy for Latin en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_for_Latin

[@severianmonk7394]

And frumentum insufflator for popcorn popper.

[@joshuasims5421]

My greek professor was asked to prepare some material for a Latin Rosetta Stone module. He translated ‘popcorn’ as ‘granum turkicum explodens’, or ‘Turkish (ie foreign) grain which explodes.’

[@amycupcake6832]

but unless you're trying to translate it for a 1st century CE latin speaker, maizium is already a word that means North American Corn varieties, also didn't he translate Popping Corn, rather than Popped Corn, older words for the food, the former being uncooked popcorn, the latter being cooked popcorn

[@tomkot]

Definitely not "Turkish". Also, what a uselessly convoluted name.

[@cleitondecarvalho431]

Did the turkish invented the popcorn, or do they have their own variety of corn ? Otherwise this is cultural appropriation, I think. 🤔

[@jusufagung]

For some, the Ottomans really introduced corns to their area.

[@Detson404]

@@tomkot I’m guessing it’s for the same reason we call the bird we eat on Thanksgiving a “Turkey,” from “Turkey fowl.” It used to be common to call anything exotic and foreign “Turkish,” regardless of where it came from.

[@mattiaaccoto7862]

I really need to thank you! I'm Italian and thanks to your contagious passion for Latin I started to study it with "Lingua Latina per se illustrata" and your videos. Thanks to you I discovered how beautiful is really Latin, thank you!

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Sono molto contento sentirlo! Grazie

[@mattiaaccoto7862]

@@polyMATHY_Luke Grazie a te

[@cleitondecarvalho431]

Good analogy. Coche or carro, pants or trousers, they're just different possibilities. E.g. in portuguese we very often say " (electric) light" instead of "electric energy". Vīs ēlectrica is good for me.

[@mmoonttii]

It also happen in Italian, we commonly call it “the light” or also “the current”

[@atriyakoller136]

The same happens in Russian, we also say "light" for "electricity", so we "pay for light" (pay the electric bills) in everyday speech

[@pedrotaq]

Same in Spanish! ("Pagar la luz" and not "pagar la energía")

[@cleitondecarvalho431]

Thank globalization, then :D

[@lynxcato3327]

@@mmoonttii In Venezuela we also call it "the light" (la luz) and "the current" (la corriente).

[@StNashable]

I just started leaning latin yesterday thanks to you actually. And today I was wondering: "How do you talk about modern objects like computer or screen?" Well. Here is my anwser. Gratias!

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Et nīl est!

[@warrenlehmkuhleii8472]

It brought me such joy to look in my Latin to English dictionary and seeing someone came up with a word for VCR.

[@gabem.5242]

Latin found its way into Motorsports too: as an example, "Formula Junior", the 1100cc single-seater formula from the 1950s, was always supposed to be pronounced as you do in Latin... but the Anglosphere kept saying it as you do in English. Let's just say that Conte Luverani wasn't happy about that.

[@brokenbaron2434]

Challenge: commenting a sport event in latin (motorsports or not) What about the olympics?

[@Weissenschenkel]

I tend to not complain about pronunciation but I like to cheer people who make an effort to pronounce things as they should sound. Most french speakers don't like to hear French badly pronounced but they have been botching everyone's else language since forever. 🤣 I was born in Brazil and I currently live in the same city were I was born. The problem with pronunciation has usually a single root: exposure. It doesn't matter what language it is, as much as you get daily exposure to the sounds and nuances, you'll get there. Sometimes it takes longer, because people just listen and don't try to reproduce the sounds.

[@milanfanas]

I imagine fans at the stadium singing "Ite! Ite! Ad goleandum" 😆

[@folofus4815]

I’ve always wondered this!

[@SwedishSinologyNerd]

"YoU cAnT tAlk aBoUt mOdERn thINgs in Latin! It'S a dEad lAnGUage! NeO lAtIn dOeSN't COUNT!" - way too many of my teachers from HS onward >.> This was very informative as always! Gratias Magister!

[@michaellombard894]

Thank you for educating us on Latin! And for raising the awareness of Latin in the context of Italy!! There is too little of this today!!

[@grdrk]

Multas gratias ago, mihi, qui docet linguam Latinam, placet omnis opera tua. Vive valeque!

[@AleksandrPodyachev]

I am trying to come up with Latin based words and terms for weapons in my video game idea. For example, the term for a Rocket or Missile is "Fire Spear"

[@IsaacESFR]

I came up with "Spitter" for a machine gun, I imagine a Roman would think the chunk of metal is spitting metallic pebbles out of its mouth (the muzzle)

[@AleksandrPodyachev]

@@IsaacESFR I still need to figure out what the Latin word should be for "Plasma Rifle" or "Rifle" in general. I guess you could look at modern Romance languages for inspiration

[@GaiusCaligula234]

@@AleksandrPodyachev Except Latin has a word for a rifle, sclopetum

[@gmt2581]

Fire spear = Hasta ignea For machine gun there are some examples from the lexicon morganianum in the description of the video: polybolus, manuballista automata, arma automataria, sclopetum machinale, sclopetum automatum. I would use something like sclopetum automatum/automatarium. Rifle = sclopetum

[@Seyferix]

​@@AleksandrPodyachev Plasma is already a latin word for "to give shape" and has basically the same meaning in english. I don't know the origin of the word "Rifle" but in italian is called "Fucile" (should be Focile in latin) that origins from "Fugillus", "Focus" implying the old flint that used to ignite the shot in old Flintlocks. Edit: just found that "Sclopetum" (from the sound it makes, same as "Schioppo" in italian), is the official word for "Rifle".

[@davissmith5399]

So, this is going to sound strange. Years ago, I was at a Spoken Latin event with several of my classmates as well as my professor Eduardo Engelsing. Stephen Berard and many of his students also attended. A picture was taken of me and 2 other students. That picture is on the cover of Vita Nostra. I am amazed that it's still on the cover after all these years, that event had to have been 7 to 10 years ago.

[@Philoglossos]

Hah, are you on the right or in the middle? 😂

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

That's awesome, Davis! Stephen Berard is a tremendous author; I envy you got to meet him in person. Thanks for leaving the comment!

[@gustavf.6067]

I have soooo much to learn still! Thank you, sir.

[@giggitygoo2njkfnsaio]

What would be your thoughts on attempting to fully revive the language? Having the community come together as one in a physical location and only speaking Latin. It is quite possible to do such a thing, as modern Israel stands as a testament to such a feat.

[@DylanMatthewTurner]

I've thought about this a lot. I considered learning Latin and writing a sort of mini textbook on embedded electronics because I wanted to learn how you'd talk about those concepts that weren't there until recent times.

[@BFDT-4]

Publish!

[@justoliver77]

Thank You for enlightening us again! Another lovely well made video!

[@Yes-df2qy]

That pfp yeah apart from Sparta idk something someone help me pls

[@julbombning4204]

The passionate way you express yourself about Latin makes me so motivated! Have you ever thought about making a podcast with someone talking about everyday topics and life anytime in the future?

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Thanks! I have one called Legio XIII, here on KZbin

[@Teverell]

@@polyMATHY_Luke This seems as good a place as any to mention that on my walk to and from work every day, I pass a house named Tredecim. Well, I say named... It does happen to be numbered 13 as well. 👍😁

[@sahinoudiengo816]

This question was the most interesting and intriguing for me, as a Latin beginner Bonam gloriam ad verbōs novōs!

[@mauritsponnette]

Thank you for bringing to light all these facets of the world of Latin, Luke! I like how you broaden the field of view on Latin to outside just the historical era of the Roman Empire. This makes the language seem more than just a simple tool for communicating and more like a certain expression of people's life experiences. Also, the beard suits you 😅

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Thanks!

[@MrSasaBond]

This video is absolutely fascinating!

[@myhandlehasbeenmishandled]

Now we are talking! Thank you!

[@vinceontheweb]

Great video, I was just wondering this

[@robertjenkins6132]

British people call a flashlight a "torch"? That's wild 🤯 To me, an American, a torch is more old-school -- basically a stick on fire. I use it to see in the caves in the Dragon Quest video game on NES.

[@jusufagung]

The first model of Flashlight is actually like a torch. That's why it's called a torch. It's weird to call it flash light, since the light is there continuously, and it's not like a flash. Flash light will be like a flash lamp as in cameras.

[@CelicaSNC]

@@jusufagung on the other hand Light that comes on/appears in a flash. You get flashed by the sudden appearance of light. It's a light you can flash. Idk.

[@fallinginthed33p]

Torch light, in some parts of the world. Or torchlight as it's pronounced.

[@andreafalconiero9089]

Not only that, but they still have _"dual carriageways"_ in England, which seems very quaint to North Americans, while we have _"highways",_ which probably seems very quaint to _them._

[@maddyg3208]

"Torch" is also used in Australia, but we also know it's called "flashlight" in the US

[@aylen7062]

I rarely watch a video just afer it's been uploaded because I like to read the comments. Now I got here too early and was surprised by the comments, until I realised it was uploaded 10 minutes ago.

[@aroma13]

Well ,look at modern greek,most ,,modern" words are made from other words or archaic words who've gotten new meanings

[@Michail_Chatziasemidis]

Well, comparing it to Greek is slightly off, since it never died, unlike Latin. We just create words from the ones we already have, just as most living languages do. Latin, more or less, does the same, and at cases more conservatively.

[@PenumbraeMCMLXXVIII]

Esclarecedor. Noutro dia, amigo meu perguntou-me exatamente sobre isto.

[@DavidAmster]

Pellicula optima est! Multas gratias tibi! Mihi autem lingua Latina non mortua est!! I know that some linguists consider it a “dead” language, but I’m a professional linguist too, and I don’t find that a helpful metaphor for the current situation of Latin, largely due to your untiring efforts! MANY people speak Latin fluently now as a second language, as you mentioned and I spend a lot of time each day listening to videos and podcasts of people speaking Latin. I see it as a once moribund language that has indeed been revived and more and more people are learning to speak, read and write it every day. One could even argue that the modern “dialects” of Latin, Italian, Spanish, etc. are actually Latin and that it has been used and spoken continuously for 3000 years at least, but has just changed a lot, like modern Greek or dialects of Arabic.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Thanks, David! Yeah, it's funny: evidently the term "dead" language only seems to apply to Latin and Ancient Greek: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinct_language

[@Glassandcandy]

Latin didn’t “die” per se. It just took on an apotheosis.

[@ignotumperignotius630]

This is super interesting!!!

[@angelicart.6]

I highly enjoyed the video! I’m so amazed you can speak so much language that good, I know Americans spoke only English in school, so I’m really really really amazed by your abilities, my sincere congratulations ;))

[@kevionrogers2605]

In the USA you have to take one or two foreign languages while in school. Most take Spanish. I did Japanese in elementary school, Italian and Latin in middle school, then in high school Latin, German, French. Then in college French, Japanese, German, Swahili, Spanish. Basically made foreign language my elective every semester.

[@WarpRulez]

It would be interesting if you made a video explaining in detail what, for example, the inscription on the Arch of Septimus Severus, or the Arch if Titus says. It could perhaps be some kind of didactic video about classical Latin, its grammar, how it was written in such monuments, and so on.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Nice idea

[@WarpRulez]

@@polyMATHY_Luke Thank you. I'm looking forward to such videos with great interest.

[@jamesbaker8831]

When I told someone I speak latin they said "How can you have a conversation when it's all about chariots and stuff?" I explained that these kinds of neologisms exist, he dismissed them as "Dog Latin"

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

He is 100% wrong.

[@talkcommonsense]

Exxxxcelleeeente!!!

[@keepersofthegrid]

I would LOVE a book of modern phrases in latin, i made my own notes of modern phrases but id love to have a good modern latin book to speak it fluently in the everyday

[@WeyounSix]

I think Latin does evolve now but mostly because of interested people like you keeping it alive and adapting it to modern concepts. It’s quite slow but people like you are breathing life into Latin again.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Thanks. Evolution of a language really concerns core vocabulary and grammar. In Latin these things are fixed.

[@LD33004]

I'm slightly confused on how to say words that use the word 'Digital' in them, for example digital clock, digital network or digital assistant, since the word digitālis itself comes from Latin but it means finger. So the correct way is to still use digitālis in these cases?

[@MC-rr5iz]

Salve Luca! This is a little off topic: have you ever watched Mary Beard's documentaries on ancient roman life? They are available on youtube and they are so captivating, at least to me. She is a famous historian classicist and I noticed she sometimes speaks Latin and Greek in her films and a bunch of other languages too.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Yeah they're great

[@jongoodwin5936]

It's interesting that Modern Latin faced the problem of geographical fragmentation, as do vernaculars. How do you maintain linguistic cohesion among the several varieties? By making sure there is communication between varieties. The rapprochement that we are experiencing in the English speaking world between American English and the three or four major forms of British Commonwealth English due to the advent of the Internet is the best example I know of, and perhaps the least interesting to some.

[@thekrautist]

That explains why the 1934 Latin-German dictionary I used to have had a word for "railway station".

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Yup

[@whityard]

Could you do a video elaborating on some of these words and the problem of translating anachronisms into Latin? I'm finding such a problem with translating modern vocabulary into Old English/Anglo-Saxon. I do not want simply to borrow words, as modern English has done, but to construct them from the core vocabulary as Icelandic and German have done, or borrow from Latin (as Old English did in many Ecclesiastical words) according to natural phonetic changes. The issue seems to be that you must get inside the head of a speaker of an ancient language to know how they would even conceive of modern ideas and vocabulary - would a television be a 'feorsēond' (far-seer) or 'feorsīen' (far-sight) like German Fernsehen, or a 'lēohtbox' (lightbox), or something else entirely? Or would it be a 'tēlewīsion' from a hypothetical early borrowing, or 'tēlefīsion' from a modern borrowing? Or if such words were like the word 'antefn' (anthem) from Greek 'antiphōn', can we assume some weakened stress or written transmission leading to a 'telwīsen'? Do you think that Latin, as a continuous, immortal language, has it easier when it comes to adopting new vocabulary?

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Since Latin isn't just something of the Ancient Romans, there is no concern for anachronism. I think Icelandic might be good for you to look at though

[@Cyclonus2377]

If you think about it... All languages over the centuries have borrowed from each other. There have always been loanwords. But it seems like in the 21st century, we are seeing it on a much larger scale. Thanks to the Internet and how it has so easily connected all countries, in every corner of the world. It's amazing!

[@philosophyofreality1739]

Luke, can you explain about attic greek. I am interested in having the learnt through you(as i know attic Greek sources are deficient. Is that true?)

[@stevenv6463]

I really love the neologism for film, something like pelicula (Spanish version).

[@tubekulose]

One of my favourite modern Latin words is the one for "tap water": "aqua ex fistula prompta". 👍 What I have never understood is why they decided to name the car "autocinetum", which is a Greekish neologism of "αυτοκίνητο" = "self-moving". Why not something like: "ipso mobile"? 🙂

[@Shijaru64]

Hey, Luke, I don't know if you've addressed this in some other video, but what do you think of the scientific pronunciation of Latin? It's supposed to be almost identical to Classical Latin with the difference being the pronunciation of v as a consonant /v/ instead of a vowel, in order to differentiate it from u. Is it indeed much easier to understand spoken Latin like that? Do you know anyone who speaks that way instead of picking between Classical or Ecclesiastical?

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

I talked about this in the Velociraptor video! Enjoy 😀

[@bennettsteifman8632]

Could you explain the etymology behind “clībanus microcymāticus” which according to a few Latin dictionaries means microwave?

[@davidyuhas738]

I just saw your Piece from the Vatican...& my great Wish is seeing the "Hunger Games" Trilogy, in Latin Translation, which, as the "Great American Novel" & having 1 Foot in Latin already, could create an international Sensation.

[@andresyanez9243]

Luke, hay algún texto con un glosario en latín de objetos de la vida cotidiana (en especial la parte culinaria) en la Roma Antigua que se pueda consultar?

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Sí! Sermones Romani.

[@andresyanez9243]

@@polyMATHY_Luke Gracias Luke! Eres siempre una referencia en mi estudio de latín.

[@perthdude21]

6:53 Not that this has anything to do with the video or Latin, but I'm pretty sure "perro" means dog in all Spanish speaking countries, including in El Salvador and Guatemala. It's the general Spanish word for dog. "Chucho" is a colloquial word for dog in El Salvador and Guatemala but people definitely still use "perro" in these countries.

[@justinherrera3722]

Agree, it’s mostly used in the coloquial speaking, but in general perro is used. I say this as a Guatemalan

[@gurriato]

Chucho means dog in Spain and it's a basic word that everyone understands. It has nothing to do with American Spanish.

[@perthdude21]

@@gurriato I didn't know that "chucho" was used in Spain. I thought it was a colloquial word unique to Central America. I suppose it came from Spain then. I wonder though, does "chucho" mean dog in all of Spanish America, or just in some parts?

[@wolframhuttermann7519]

Latin is very inventive. When you want to say "twenty to three" in Latin, you, Luke, proposed to say "hora secunda cum besse" or shorter "HORA II C. BESSE" That is not bad.

[@KinGiliath4177]

Hei Luke, is there a correct way to say God in Latin? Because in some of the Catholic prayers (in Latin), there are more than just one to speak it, like, Deum(on the prayer "Credo"), Dei (Appers on the prayer "Ave Maria") and Deus (the prayer here is Signum Crucis), it could be a thing only on ecclesiastical Latin? Or maybe depends on the context?

[@Allan_son]

I do know much latin but i am pretty sure these are different declensions of a single noun "deus". English mainly restricts declension to pronouns: "I" is nominative, "me" can be accusative or dative, and "mine" is genitive. So the prayers are probably saying something like: Deus spoke to me. I praised Deum. The world is Dei's.

[@Correctrix]

What you're saying is equivalent to asking what the correct word is in *English* because you've seen “god”, “gods”, “god's” and “gods'”. It's the same word. You're going to have to learn Latin grammar if you want to use a Latin word like _deus_ in a sentence.

[@guillermorivas7819]

New Latin is nowadays the following: Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, and French. These are the languages that are alive, derived from Latin. Latin is immortal in every sense of the word. It is used as a foundation for other modern languages. Etc. Hardly dead at all.

[@arkrou]

Well it is still dead in the academic sense.

[@gustavschnitzel]

Well, they all are dialects of Latin but they're not Latin itself. None of the languages can claim to be the main successor of Latin, they all are but they're also too different to be mutually intelligible. In addition, (Classical) Latin is learned nowadays because people are interested into the ancient Roman Empire and its culture and therefore the language that its citizens spoke. Nobody associates French, Spanish, Romanian or any other modern romance language with the ancient Romans. Therefore yes, Latin is dead after all. Just like parents who die but managed to pass their genes onto the next generation, their children. The same happened to Latin and its childern, the modern romance languages.

[@BFDT-4]

Don't forget Romansch in the Alps!

[@weirdlanguageguy]

I've gotten into countless online debates about this topic, this is very useful! On another note, what about modern terms in ancient Greek?

[@fedderob8672]

You have Byzantine Greek and Katharevousa to borrow from, since those are inspired by Classical Greek a lot

[@weirdlanguageguy]

@@fedderob8672 I see, thanks!

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Good question. For AG, MG is always a useful point of comparison, as many MG neologisms are constructed based on good AG word formation rules. If it existed in antiquity when AG was a living language, then we can use that term. If not, we can use MG. And if that still doesn't satisfy, we can coin new terms.

[@weirdlanguageguy]

@@polyMATHY_Luke thanks!

[@mariostsam]

In greek the word for inter-net is dia-diktyon AG & MG διαδίκτυο(ν) the exact translation of the english term.

[@Killybillee]

I do have a question, hopefully you'll read it and provide an answer. If the latina genitivecase is -ae, why did the romans use the word "pater familias" instead of pater familiae?

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

It's the archaic genitive, preserved in the fixed expression. Ancient Greek retains the same genitive

[@Killybillee]

@@polyMATHY_Luke I see. As a law student Ioft find myself reading that word but my Latin is very basic and it made little sense to me. Cheers for the answer, love your content!!

[@HarkerTV]

How you ever thought of making q weekly news report totally in Latin? That would help people understand Latin, as they may have already read the news.

[@MBP1918]

i always used to ask that question

[@bdnl6268]

I heard that Boris Johnston and Cardinal Parolin had a conversation in Latin when they both attended the climate meeting in Glasgow: do you know if this is true?

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Could be

[@MashupsByMandy]

This is a random question but do you know if the Yu and Me scene (it is a joke between english words and asian names) from Rush Hour 3 would work in latin?

[@shunoinori]

Yu would have to be renamed to Tu or Du (D in pinyin represents unaspirated T). It would have to be reworked a bit. A: Quis es? (Who are you?) B: Tu. (Du.) A: Nōn ego, tū. (Not me, you.) etc... A: Tū! (You!) B: Quid? (What?) A: Nōn tū, ille! Quid est tibi nōmen? (Not you, him! What's your name?) C: Mi. (Mi.) A: Est, tibi. (Yes, you.) C: Est Mi. (It's Mi.) B: Vērō est Mi. Atque ego sum Tu. (Really, it's Mi. And I am Du.) The joke relies on the fact that "mihi" can be shortened to "mī" ("Mī nōmen est Mārcus" = "My name is Marcus/lit. To me the name is Marcus"). Tucker mishears "Mi" and "Est Mi" as questions, "Me?" (lit. "to me"). Rather than saying "He is me", "Vērō est Mi" adds confusion because it can be misinterpreted to mean "Actually, he's talking to me/lit. Really, (the name) is to me." The last sentence retains the same joke ("ego sum tū" = "I am you").

[@MashupsByMandy]

@@shunoinori That is amazing to know, I didn't expect a response after a while. Thank you for explaining and taking the time to analyze it. It was much more in depth than anything I could have expected.

[@WildSeven19]

This makes think of Irish, which doesn't really have words for modern things either. You have to stitch together simpler words to get a roughly similar thought. The word for internet is "idirlíon", made from the words idir (between) and líon (line or web (I think)).

[@Someepicguy]

Isnt that just a calque, a word translated by directly translating the morphemes in it? Because the word for internet is made from inter and net, which mean basically 'between' and 'web'. I mean I don't know a lot about Irish (excepting they have probably the best word for 'woman') but that's a pretty common thing for a lot of languages. In fact that is how English got the word 'watershed' or even the word 'loanword'. As a fun fact I just now found out also that 'calque' is a loanword from French, but 'loanword' is a calque from German. Haha nice.

[@WildSeven19]

@@Someepicguy You make a good point. I guess I just didn't think about the words right in front of me. I'm pretty sure basically half of all words would fit into that category. I've always liked the word idirlíon though and this video made me think of it again.

[@cTc10691]

Like the word for computer itself, ríomhaire, it was originally the name for the monk who would calculate the official dates for religious feasts, he was literally a 'computer'

[@WildSeven19]

@@cTc10691 I knew the word, but not the origin of it. It's really interesting. And English did a similar thing, with early computers being actual people.

[@FPSIreland2]

A dhia! ní cheap mé go mbeadh Gaelgeoirí eile sna tráchtaí seo! Cad é mar atá sibhse a bhuachaillí/cailíní 🤣

[@pierreabbat6157]

For "airplane", I've seen "āeroplānum", but the common term in most Romance languages looks like it's from Latin "aviō".

[@alessiorenzoni5586]

La parola” computer “ deriva dal latino ”computare”, un verbo composto da com = cum (insieme) e putare (tagliare, rendere netto - da cui deriva per esempio l'odierno potare) e che significa: «contare, confrontare (o comparare) per trarre la somma netta» e per estensione pensare al proprio interesse.😌

[@cry2love]

Basically most of the modern terms are being assembled from latin, because this language is a base, Latin is an MVP of all, lol

[@janmelantu7490]

To be fair, lots are also assembled from Greek (and some from Arabic), but Latin has been incorporating words from those languages for centuries

[@cry2love]

@@janmelantu7490 All languages is a huge collaboration. One way or another they are similar

[@XoD3LXo]

In Hebrew there is the pronunciation of the word "limon" "lemon" it sounds Spanish. In Arabic " ليمون". The root of this word is in the semitic languages.

[@cadileigh9948]

I'm often amused by English speakers who think Welsh has to borrow new words from them to describe innovations forgetting that their words are often a mixture of Greek and Latin blended with other languages to create something functional. Latin as a cousin of Welsh is alive and well but carries more respect in England because rich people segregate their children from poorer to send them to a public school where they learn a smattering of Latin to impress and bambosel the people they intend to rule. Johnson's mangled Latin impressed enough non critical thinkers to help him become elected. The irony being that state school educated Mark Drakeford found Latin so easy he attended one of the first Red Brick Universities and gained a better degree than Johnson and went on to become Prif Wenidog of Cymru thanks to his social work background. Growing up in a bilingual community is very helpfull in brain development and moral development too

[@ernestgongora4395]

What is your opinion on using Google translate for translate English words to latin and vice versa?

[@vijf]

It's not good

[@oceanwolfwon9393]

You should be the ambassador of the Latin language, Latin should be a 2nd language in romance language speaking countries

[@juliuscaesare2666]

Latin is the greatest.

[@AR-gu2no]

Gratias tibi amicus meus

[@Superwing]

Opinion on Bradley's Arnold?

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

It's a great classic

[@gabriellawrence6598]

Been meaning to ask you this, if you ever have a kid, would you teach them Latin since the craddle?

[@jordanrodrigues1279]

It's unlikely to take as a native language. Children don't just learn from their parents, they learn from their friends and community. If a language isn't spoken widely enough, there's a pretty good chance that the kids will reject it, and pushing it just too hard will be a source of conflict. There's not much risk in trying. Oh, it's also worth noting that when you vitalize a language, it seems to happen that the language changes quite rapidly. The Esperanto of native speakers just feels different from standard Esperanto Fundamenta, for example, and Modern Hebrew shifted around in its early years before settling into its current state.

[@hackerminecrafitiano]

I'd really like to get a translation or adaptation for 'baguette' (food) I thought of calling it 'panis rectus', 'panis francogallicus' or maybe 'panis baculō', but I know just a little bit of latin, that's why I'm asking for help

[@veljko450]

In school we learn Latin using the vulgar pronounciation, i personally prefer the classical pronounciation but its not bad, i would like to know what you think about the vulgar pronounciation

[@eirinym]

I wonder whether you could get creative with terms, too. Like in English, internet is kind of a portmanteau, and things like network are also a bit amalgamated from earlier terms in a more brief form. Like in Latin though I don't really know vocabulary very much at all, what about something that combines words like via and reticulum? A network path as a way of making the internet. I'm sure some people would have pretty good ideas too, because it's nice to have shorthand. You know an interesting nuance about lemon, by the way, is in Mexico, limón commonly refers to limes instead of lemons. It's caused some confusion when I talked to someone from Spain.

[@jstrandquist]

Amusingly enough, I think finding neo-Latin terms for things in science and technology would be easier than finding similar terms for slang and the like, since (as polyMATHY noted), Latin was the default language of most literature until a few centuries ago (eg, Newton's Principia), and even through the modern day most new scientific terms are taken from Greek and Latin roots, like the names of elementary particles. If you had a consistent method of translating "quark" and particle names ending with "-on", for example, you likely wouldn't have a terribly difficult time teaching particle physics in Latin. (Except for the part where you have to know particle physics, of course.)

[@elnuevoinglesbasiconib2764]

Luke have you ever heard about Nova Roma? They even bought a piece of land to start rebuilding SPQR again.

[@georgeptolemy7260]

That's dumb lol

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

I have heard

[@janmelantu7490]

Do you think Latin will split based on the new vocabulary that is created, or will one word eventually win out?

[@kevionrogers2605]

The only group that creates these neologisms for official use is the Vatican. Everyone else is none institutionalized.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

A split like UK-US English is pretty unlikely since the language is so international and the community communicates with others primarily online. Thus we'll probably keep all the terms attested in history, with some becoming more common.

[@MegaMayday16]

Your German pronunciation of Zitrone is too cute. :D (Citronah)

[@emilioi.valdez6680]

Is there some Latin words for things related to guns such as bullets?

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Check neolatinlexicon

[@GumSkyloard]

Salve!

[@oraetlabora1922]

Salve. Quid agis?

[@publiusvergiliusmaro1125]

Salvēte omnēs

[@oraetlabora1922]

@@publiusvergiliusmaro1125 Salve, Publi Vergili Maro. Spero te bene esse.

[@jakubolszewski8284]

For me citron and lemon is two different thing xD. In Polish we have limonka and cytryna. Limonka is this green fruit, and cytryna yellow. But now I know that limonka is from Persian, and I love Persian xD.

[@CourtneySchwartz]

That makes sense. In English and botanically, a citron, lemon, and lime are all different types of citrus, too. But French confuses me: “limonade” is made from “citron” not “limon”… If a lemon is called “citron,” then what do they call a citron? Or do they not distinguish them? Hmm. 🤔

[@gtfodde9396]

1:54 but the words electrica and telephonum are greek and were straight up converted to the latin alphabet (derivation of the greek one) electric = ηλεκτρικο (elektriko) and telephonum= τηλεφωνο (telepnono) from tele=far (τηλε) + phone=voice (φωνη)

[@vladdietheladdie7345]

Could you do an episode on Epic History Tv's take on Ancient Greek ( the Alexander the Great speech)

[@Michail_Chatziasemidis]

Humph! For me it was badly made. Most words were even accented barbarously! But, no problem about their choice of Erasmian; anyone picks up whatever pronunciation helps them the most.

[@BFDT-4]

Latin MUST evolve. And it can evolve, but under the constraints of an agreed speaking community academy. Also, while there are writing standards for academic writing, speaking standards are more relaxed. But neologisms can certainly be accommodated in both spoken and written Latin. In fact, some neologisms emerge only to die out as another generation sponsors new words. Newton in his Principia and other works had certainly to invent new words to describe his new concepts of math, physics and astronomy. Likewise, his contemporaries had to coin words for new concepts in science, medicine and biology. So evolving, at least in terms of vocabulary (not necessarily grammar or usage), which is the topic here, is not a big no-no anywhere you go (except in a few places, perhaps?). And there have always been fights about which Latin to use, classical or medieval, medieval or renaissance, and so on down through the ages. In the Carolingian Age, they tried to re-establish classical Latin pronunciation to rescue Latin from the vernacular. During the early Renaissance, there were fights about whether to revert to classical over medieval usage (Poggio Bracciolini fought over this with Lorenzo Valla until they finally made peace, tentative at least). Even now in Spanish there is the fight over gender of some kinds of technologies: "La computadora" vs. "El computador", and in the same country. So, I believe that Latin must evolve, but under constraints, just as everything else. It seems to me that while your definition of "dead" language is probably accurate, that at least in the spoken channel it naturally adapts to new ideas and concepts, just as any other thing. But in the written channel, what is written sticks unless we have to submit ourselves to an Orwellian memory hole. I very much value what you all do. Ever since I started to speak Latin in 4th year high school in the 60s, and then my teacher said "psst, that's not on the test", and let it go, I have regretted not going further into fluency. But that is for all of you to do now. Good work! And it's great that we have the neolatinlexicon site, and I shall peruse it with great anticipation, better than a 100 year old dictionary or glossary. Keep evolving, Luke!

[@louisfrancisco2171]

I didn't understand what you meant about France. Do you really think that French still speak 16th century French?

[@BFDT-4]

@@louisfrancisco2171 - French Academy holds tight (or so they think so) on acceptable vocabulary, but you can say any word you want and they can't call you on it. Apparently, likewise in Iceland, there's a type of an Academy that forces (or so they think) conveying everything in Icelandic native words, but if you are Icelandic, you can still say what you want and they can't call you on it. It's just that in some places, language evolves freely, in other places they TRY to hold that back. I favor evolution with good sense.

[@louisfrancisco2171]

@@BFDT-4 There are a lot of misconceptions about the French Academy. They don't try to hold back anything. They give advices on what the *current* good usage is. They accept any terms that enter usage, but only after they have settled in the language, and once that's the case, it enters the Academy dictionary. Also, a lot of people confuse the role of the Academy with the Commission of Terminology which approves new French terms to be used by official bodies in place of English terms.

[@BFDT-4]

@@louisfrancisco2171 - Right you are!

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Neologisms don't really account for evolution of a language. Language is fundamentally its core vocabulary and grammar. In Latin these things don't change.

[@severianmonk7394]

The lexicon has no word for potato. The late mediaeval word was solanum with truffa used in southern France. It doesn't have a word for corfit, squash, either. How am I to write my proposed vegan cookery book in Latin? I'm done for.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Neolatinlexicon.org has more than five terms for potato.

[@amitmarkel]

iepistula - email? Or epistuel (similarly to as French did maybe)

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

epistola ēlectronica

[@amitmarkel]

Thanks for replying! 🙂 I forgot to mention the case was for a shorthand kind of a word like email for electronic mail

[@a_llama]

Just found the word for internet a few hours ago actually! Was rewatching the ecolinguist vid and saw it was "per (inter)rete"!

[@cherubin7th]

interrete looks to be the most commonly used word for internet in Latin

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

No, actually. The term "interrēte" was coined either as a joke by a Latinist who knew better, or was made by someone not familiar with Latin word formation. The prefix "inter-" is used to mean something in place of something else for the time being, such as "interrēgnum" en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interregnum the time between kings - thus an "interrēte" would be the gaps between a net, or the time between two nets. It doesn't make sense. The Latin term is given in the video: rēte omnium gentium

[@a_llama]

@@polyMATHY_Luke TIL! it was used by Martinus Loch in the ecolinguist vid hence why i brought it up haha

[@pterispertinax2868]

@@cherubin7th Hm yes, I even find it in the Neo-latin lexicon. Adumbratio: " ... Haec ex interrete: "There was some ...". Silva: "... interrete, internetum | (adj.) interretialis, interreticus, interneticus / ..." Edit: I also find it in the main (=updated) list where it is listed as an alternative to "rete omnium gentium".

[@pterispertinax2868]

@@polyMATHY_Luke Seeing this debate I got the feeling that maybe the English word “internet” itself is a bit unusual in its construction. Indeed, the origin of the word ”internet” turns out to be quite interesting. “Internet” is short for “Internetwork”, meaning “that which is between networks”, By (among other things) defining an efficient protocol for how information should be transmitted between local computer networks, and how to find addresses to other networks, local networks could start to communicate with each other, and the Internet was born.

[@pogeman2345]

Can I suggest you checking out the Latin in The Da Vinci Code? I've just rewatched the movie and I wanna see your thoughts on how they translated and performed it.

[@saintburnsy2468]

How long have you been learning Latin, Lucius?

[@maddyg3208]

I think the answer is about eight years, however your comment itself raises the question whether the vocative form (Lucie?) should be used for a Latin personal name (Lucius) when in a sentence written in English. Geez, I sound like a nerdus. 😎

[@saintburnsy2468]

@@maddyg3208 Well I've never seen Latin vocative forms used in English for other names (e.g. Augustus), so imma say 'no'

[@wandamonicalopezxamo3647]

Hello, I speak spanish rioplatense. We don't say carro o coche, we say auto. I think came from french. And many words from italians also we have. Then, tangerinas in place from mandarinas, I don't know were is caming.

[@WeyounSix]

I’ve always imagined it’s the same as adopting words into any other language that it isn’t native to.

[@Weissenschenkel]

In Brazil people usually say "carro" while Argentina and Uruguay refer to "coche." Here among descendants of German settlers the chosen word is "auto" instead of "vagão" (that's what we use for trains.) Why? Because Volkswagen means "People's Car" (Folk's wagon) but they decided to go for another word. Meanwhile descendants of Italian settlers say "carro" or "auto" depending on where they were born.

[@MegaMayday16]

Wagon in German means also train compartment.

[@darkheart9668]

I never knew that latin was used as a lingua franca long after the Roman empire was gone, I was truly under the impression that it was only learned and kept from being lost by the Catholic church and historians really into their niche field of study.

[@TheStickCollector]

neat

[@whateverweather1535]

where can I find that Spanish slang scheme?

[@decimusausoniusmagnus5719]

Same