Mongols: Zenith of Empire - Siege of Baghdad 1258 and Battle of Ain Jalut 1260 DOCUMENTARY

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Even though Genghis Khan was dead and the political situation in the empire was volatile, the Mongol conquests continued. A big army under Batu and Subutai invaded Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Hungary, Serbia, and Bulgaria. Meanwhile, the resurgence of the Khwarezmian empire under Jalal ad-din drew the Mongols back to Iran. This sparked a conflict with the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum that culminated in the battle of Kose Dag (Kösedağ) in 1243. Under Hulagu, the Mongols attacked the Abbasids and sacked Baghdad in 1258, but with the succession crisis looming he returned to Mongolia. His general Kitbuqa was left in the area with a smaller force and fought the battle of Ain Jalut against the forces of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt under Qutuz and Baybars in 1260. This battle would become the high point of the Mongol invasions in the West.
Previous episodes:
Battle of Yehuling - • Video
Battles of Parwan and Indus - • Mongols: Fall of Khwar...
Battle of Kalka - • Mongols: Expedition of...
Battles of Legnica and Mohi - • Mongols: Western Expan...
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This video was narrated by Officially Devin. Check out his channel for some kick-ass Let's Plays. / @offydgg & / @gameworldnarratives
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Machinimas made on the Total War Attila, using Machinimas made on the Total War: Attila engine using the great Medieval Kingdoms mod.
Songs used:
Desert City - Kevin MacLeod
Civilization 5 OSTR Genghis Khan War Theme
Mongol Archers - Derek & Brandon Fiechter
Deathmatch 3 - Rannar Sillard
Barbarians - Johannes Bornlof
Crusader Kings 2 OST - Steppes of the Nomads

[@KingsandGenerals]

Our patreon, btw: www.patreon.com/KingsandGenerals

[@oussamasiab5509]

Kings and Generals at least the seljuks did not kill the envoys thank god for that

[@abdurahman90982]

Do vikings vs muslims of spain next

[@ejazafridi8729]

Plz add saladin ayubi' conquest of Jerusalem ... I love saladin heartly

[@veryfieddoctor7450]

Kings and Generals thank youuuuuuuuuuuu ❤❤❤ Thankyouuu sooooo much

[@HaloJumper7]

LMFAO

[@bob1012350]

Rest in peace huge libraries with hundreds of years of written history :(

[@abuubaidah5162]

bob1012350 and better science than now

[@mohammedaljaberi2366]

it says that tigers river turns red because mongols ordered each soldier to show 2 heads on their hands before getting loots (after the siege has finished). after 1 day the river color turns from red to dark black after the time of ink got solute, they drawn thousands of books from baghdad library.

[@jimmynutrin9815]

@@abuubaidah5162 Nonsense

[@quqbalam5089]

I wonder how many invaluable pieces of Islamic art and scholarship have been destroyed by Europeans and US Americans in their colonisation and imperialist wars of the Islamic world since the First World War.

[@midoiraqi3352]

@@fogshadow9112 you are shia liar

[@sheru20]

I wish the mongols had at least spared those books in the library in Baghdad.

[@Sksk27547]

Maybe they were just boring census data?

[@TM-eo7mn]

@Sheyran Khan yes indeed, such a shame

[@KeshavSharma-uz7qn]

Me too

[@deepakarya3670]

Lol ....musmils themselves burn library read about nalanda and vikramshila university library

[@SuperSanic..]

@@deepakarya3670 you think nalanda and Vikramshala was a university? What a shame. It was nothing but a dharmashala.

[@apasserby6827]

Some mistakes that brought human mankind a lot years behind the future -Burning the Library of Alexandria -Burning the House of Wisdom of Baghdad

[@Vikramjha784]

Burning of Nalanada by bakhtiyar khilji search about it

[@ravidhyani3074]

Absolutely correct and nalanda, vikramshila also

[@hermanlombard9814]

Maybe if they hadn't destroyed the libraries, you would have been able to speak English properly?

[@user-nv9nz7iu2c]

Good thing that some of the science was transmitted to Europe

[@harveyspinks615]

they should have surrendered and this would have been avoided

[@royxeph_arcanex]

I live quite close to where the battle of Ayn Jalut took place and not only I had no clue the Mongols reached all the way here, I also had no clue this place is basically the Stalingrad of the Mongol empire. This land is special for a million reasons but this is one of the reasons that surprised me the most. Thanks for this lecture!

[@berke5709]

yeni kagan seçilmesi için hülagü han karakurum'a gitmeseydi mogollar o savaşı kaybetmeyecekti. ayrıca ketboga noyan'ın da hatası var. kurt kapanı taktigini yutmuş.

[@SM-nm1oc]

Are you. Zionist squatter. ?

[@baybars_0]

you live where David also beat Goliath?

[@Bronte6497]

The Stalingrad of Mongol empire? They only lost 10-20k.. equivalent to losses in the Indus Valley battle by their scout army in kwarezmian campaign

[@jeanduhamel9101]

The envoy....where not killed. Well that was unexpected.

[@Santeri349]

I love the pause Devin makes there.

[@deny.nurdin]

nah... just got insulted lol

[@bladfadsfblaadsfsadf900]

Reiksguard 'Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition!' Sorry, wrong video.

[@gryf92]

Still the city was massacred.

[@jeanduhamel9101]

Bart Mika yes but the envoys are alive !

[@syriaslover9558]

The fact of the day. The word assassin comes from Hashashin

[@KingsandGenerals]

And both of them from hashish.

[@syriaslover9558]

dhg1234 I don't know what you're talking about but hashish means weed.

[@ShiceIceDice]

@@somebody700 No

[@ShiceIceDice]

@@KingsandGenerals "Based on texts from Alamut, their grand master Hassan-i Sabbah tended to call his disciples Asāsiyyūn (أساسيون, meaning "people who are faithful to the foundation [of the faith]"), but some foreign travellers like Marco Polo[1] misunderstood the name as deriving from the term hashish"

[@AdelAdel-ug1ul]

حشاشين كون السيد حسن الحسن الصباح كان مبدع في اختراعته للعقاقير المخدرة واستعمالها في عدة مجالات

[@krategonoslykopigadion2557]

According to the Arab historians, in the destruction of Baghdad, the Armenians and the Georgians of the Mongolian Army played a leading role. It was a disaster for civilization because in Baghdad's libraries there were translated many lost books today for ancient Greek philosophers.

[@amaantariq2348]

The ottoman Turks returned the favor to the Armenians :D

[@BALLARDTWIN]

@@amaantariq2348 Didn't jalaluddin sack modern day georgia aswell

[@haitamc5611]

@@amaantariq2348 That's brutal. Those poor people had nothing to do with what their foolish ancestors did centuries before. The ottomans went on a full on rampage towards their end.

[@AfghanHearts]

@@amaantariq2348 bro, this is not what Islam teaches. also, the ones who killed armenians were atheist and secular turks (the so-called "young turks") , and not Muslims. these atheist turks were also enemies of Islam. they ousted the Muslim ottoman government and came to power by a coup.

[@Hugh_Morris]

Amaan Walid you’ve got issues

[@moreqasse]

"The Mongols put an end to the Islamic golden age" "The remaining Muslims ended the power age of the mongols" History is ironically fun

[@salaarfarooq4841]

Very true.

[@theasianboy315]

@Poop Poop And together with their Turkic cousins, ruled the Russians as the Golden Horde in the name of Islam, until Ivan III kicked them

[@bxyhxyh]

What? Power age of Mongols were ended when greatest generals were died from old age or sent back to the mainland. You know it's difficult to govern foreign country from far far away. History is fun. But self glorification is kinda sad tho.

[@Bigrosty44]

Through assimilation. Not through battle. But again conquered under the banners of the Mongol Tamerlane. Even conquered India. But yes, the troops were mostly Muslim by then.

[@Bigrosty44]

If Mongke' had not died, undoubtedly Hulegu would have taken Cairo and sent Islam reeling for centuries. Funny how history works. But the devastation inflicted by the Mongols spared Europe form certain Muslim conquest. Thus bringing in the Renaissance period of Europe, and the birth of the Modern world. A side note. The first use of canons and bamboo rifles were on display in the siege of Baghdad. The Mongols had figured out how to use the Chinese invention of gunpowder to propel objects. The Chinese invented gunpowder. The Mongols invented the gun.

[@haris000000]

Sacking of Baghdad and the destruction of the great library is one of the greatest tragedies in the human civillisaton.

[@zsaruultugs]

Fact is Mongols captured and relocated great library outside Bagdad, It's called Maragha observatory and built by Hulagu's teacher.

[@siegfriedia9986]

Saruul Saruul not true. they threw the books into the river and destroyed the house of wisdom

[@haris000000]

Saruul Saruul fact is they destroyed the library and killed most of the people in the city. Where are you getting your information from? Mongols were savages they didnt care for human lives why would they care for books? The only time they showed compassion for scholars was when they could use them to build their siege engines. Which did not happen in Bagdad. If I could change some efents in human history it would br the sacking of the bagdad library and the burning of the one in Alexandria.

[@siegfriedia9986]

haris000000 the house of wisdom in baghdad was the most influental instituion in human history in therms of advancement of science

[@Doncoa]

Tell that to George Bush

[@laiaa9178]

hardest job ever: mongol envoy

[@jamal316]

Envoy/scouts I think that's why they always killed them

[@rouymalic4463]

Pros: If you get killed they will show no mercy to the enemy Cons: Getting killed 50/50

[@gibberconfirm166]

@Monkooze Tees That might be true. I think they were killed so often since messengers really were effectively spies. You can't disentangle it. So they were probably awash in palpable fear of being tortured to death, which made them look "weak," to the idiotic humans judging them. Vicious cycle.

[@krazyentertainment4755]

LMAO

[@arwahsapi]

Probably the most fortunate ones just lost ears or noses when sent to Singhasari

[@Takeonm]

Islamic history books reference the great destruction and invasion of Baghdad very vividly. Over 1 million residents were slaughtered and the killing was so severe that people volunteered to be killed out of fear. The books of the library were also chucked into the Tigris river and the ink in the water turned the colour dark. The amount of books thrown into the river created bridges that could be walked over.

[@shubhamdubey9561]

Nice theory books could have made bridge

[@mogabriel5238]

Sad day for all Muslims

[@jonahdelainch2848]

@@shubhamdubey9561 how much hate u people keep about us

[@sars910]

@@shubhamdubey9561 Bold words coming from someone whose ancestors have been everyone's bitch for the past 1300 years.

[@00HoODBoy]

@@mogabriel5238 sad day for everyone

[@johnyricco1220]

I visited the site where Monke died. It’s a massive fortress near Chongqing called “Fishing Town” which straddles two rivers. It took the Mongols 30 years to take it. Local rumor has it Monke was wounded by a catapult in the siege.

[@elkhaqelfida5972]

this is what interesting about China. while Mongol already reached Syria and Northern Black Sea, China still holding some of their regions. the same story happened in WW2 with Japan, they already conquered south east Asia but China still put a good resistance.

[@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory]

Excellent job! You left out the 'origin story' of the Mamluks however. A mamluk is a slave soldier essentially, bought at young age often and trained to be warriors, and the Egyptian mamluks were some of the most highly trained, best armoured fighters of their time, mastering sword, bow and spear on horseback. But where did these mamluks come from? The slaves who became the mamluks of the Bahri Mamluk dynasty were not Egyptian, but largely nomadic Kipchak warriors sold into slavery in Crimea/Volga steppe region. Why were they driven into slavery? Due to the Mongol expansion! There were probably cases where it was literally Mongols selling the slaves who would defeat them some years later. Part of the reason then that the Mamluks fought so well against the Mongols could be that they already knew their tactics essentially. I imagine others in the comment section here have already noted the Berke-Mamluk alliance. In light of this Kipchak connection, Mongolists such as Anne Broadbridge and Timothy May have suggested that rather than the 'equality' between the sovereigns of the Golden Horde and Mamluk Sultanate suggested in the Mamluk sources, in accordance with the Mongolian world view and their status as Kipchaks (already conquered by the Mongols) that Berke saw the Sultanate not as equals, but as his vassals, and were in effect serving him by attacking the forces of his cousin Hulagu (Berke and Hulagu went to war shortly after Ain Jalut over the Caucasus region. Berke's conversion to Islam may have been a factor in the hostilities (destruction of Baghdad and all that) but was not the main reason as suggested by the Mamluks). Of course, the Crusader decision to go with "the devil you know," rather than the (ironically, probably quite Christian inclined Hulagu and his wife Dokuz Qatun, although it is unclear from the sources how much this Christian inclination is being played up) meant that the Mamluks could, almost as an afterthought, mop up the final Crusader cities over the following years. I always find it interesting that a lot of European writers have displayed the Mamluk-Crusader conflicts as the main war of the Middle East in this period, which is hilariously wrong: the Ilkhanate was the main concern of the Mamluks, and wanted to prevent a Mongol-crusader alliance against them (Edward I of England would actually campaign in the region and try to coordinate with the Mongols, but was never able to do so successfully). The Mongols stilled possessed the potential to defeat the Mamluks and destroy the sultanate (and would to continue to campaign against them for the remainder of the century, but were never able to get much farther than Gaza), a potential the Crusader forces on their own never held. Fantastic video, and I eagerly await the next one!

[@JohnCena-kl5qz]

The Jackmeister: Mongol History hello most educated person in comment section

[@muhammadfaathir8800]

The Jackmeister: Mongol History here have a reply

[@AdamNoizer]

Woah thanks for that. Did you know about the battle of Marj al Saffar?

[@reubena7854]

Mamluks are so cool

[@Timurkhan8]

Reuben A only in a video game lol

[@Achillez098]

"You should go, when the Mongols return, Masyaf must be empty" -Altair Ibn La-Ahad, Grandmaster of the Assassins to his son

[@lightseeker1813]

You bring memories back.

[@murtadhaalkenani3876]

The assassin's were real But in Persia . they killed arab and christian leaders

[@BALLARDTWIN]

@@HSQtr Man they killed people in mosques even though they were Muslim They even sent a knife to sultan Salahudin al ayubi to threaten him lol

[@tarikbegic8580]

Arexon but also they deal with Saladin one time when they assasinate crusader leader and then crusaders where disunited beacuse some of them think thath crusader leader was assasinated by his rival sory for my english

[@TheCryninja]

so this is why ALLAH teala is humbling the shia every day in media, so many sects are very immoral it is shameful for the islam

[@user-ju6ix1wd8j]

I adore everything you people do! You guys truly have progressed so far and developed so well! The background stories, history and then the graphic battles and illustrations make it such an enjoyable experience. I would love to also see more modern wars/civil wars/biographies if this channel covered most of the battles in the end. Keep going and we love your work!

[@user-hh2is9kg9j]

what hurt the most is Baghdad library it is said that it had more than 1 million book. science history ancient translated books of Persians Romans Greeks and contemporary books ranging from mechanics and mathematics to comedy.

[@noraha8181]

@@DK-yz9xk that is not true, islam recommend us to learn about our world, but anyway it is good what we seek not knowledge, science is just a tool to deal with the world

[@turbors3679]

@@DK-yz9xk taking quran as literal truth is the best way to apprehend the knowledge of the ancien books.

[@manfromdesert29]

@@DK-yz9xk u literally a hater eat garbage u have no history, the comments in this channels is enough to tell ur roasted

[@lifeanddeath3072]

Who cares?

[@CaesarDicax]

The Biography of Jalaluddin by his adviser "Al-Nasawi" is the most heartbreaking biography i read.

[@Irfan87]

Wait why heartbreaking?

[@nirvanic3610]

@@Irfan87 Because he fought hard against all odds. But was betrayed in the end. He is an underdog of history.

[@PeopleProfiles]

Brilliant as ever old bean!!!!!

[@KingsandGenerals]

:-)

[@mustafabarzanji9280]

Something really cool to add: Those Mamlukes were actually originally Eurasian war captives (Turks, Russians, Armenians, Slavs, etc...) captured by the Mongols themselves when they swept through Eurasia. They were sold to the Italian Genoese merchants of the Black Sea, who in turn sold the slaves, the Mamlukes, to the Ayyubid sultan of Egypt, who immediately enrolled them in the ranks of the Egyptian army, where they rose through the ranks and eventually took over the entire country. So, in summary, those Mamlukes actually were quite familiar with Mongol war tactics, which greatly helped them win Ain Jalut.

[@emmanueljoshuad.parreno22]

Boys becomes men isn't it ironic they got their revenge.

[@SMDOP]

The mamluks were muslims

[@massaweed420]

Mongols, Napoleon, and Ottomans favorite series on this channel! But Mongols have to be my favorite, you guys inspired me to buy a ton of history books on the Mongols lol

[@KingsandGenerals]

I knew we have to get an Amazon affiliate link :-)

[@johnyguerrero5120]

if I can recommend Storm from the east from Genghis Khan to Khubilai Khan by Robert Marshall it is an excellent book on the Mongolian history !

[@samzfisher]

Youssef-Ben-TACHFIN defeated by arabs ?? ITS MAMLUKE TURK !

[@samzfisher]

Youssef-Ben-TACHFIN fair enough . But dont denied for what happen in Great Arab Revolt just because we Turk got dethrone and the Muslim fell apart to many countries which lead to the creation of Israel. That very unfortunate betrayal to Muslim ummah.

[@bustarhymes6188]

Youssef-Ben-TACHFIN if u are muslim, u should know Islam isn’t an arab religion.

[@totoianugheorghelucian488]

You know it's going to be a great day when Kings and Generals post

[@KingsandGenerals]

Appreciate it! :-)

[@bvthebalkananarchistmapper5642]

+Kings and Generals Will there be more episodes on the Mongols?

[@SaracenCount]

You packed up a lot of events in Mongol expansion history in one video this time around. But still, the longer the video gets, the more enjoyable it is. Great effort, thanks!

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks for watching!

[@Britain1251]

I love how this channel has grown so much! It's come a long way since first discussing Total War.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks for being with us. :-)

[@Britain1251]

Thanks for the great content!

[@sergegrone]

Jalal ad-din must be one of the most underrated generals ever.

[@elkhaqelfida5972]

sadly he didn't have good chance, everyone hate him

[@laro5343]

Exactly

[@googane7755]

He was put into an impossible situation thanks to his incompetent father and he managed to make the most what he could. If he was a little more diplomatic maybe he could've stayed alive for longer.

[@pragueexpat5106]

It's said that even Chingis Khan himself commended him for his bravery and military prowess, despite being his enemy.

[@servant-of-the-federation]

​@@pragueexpat5106 Yep. After the BATTLE OF PARWAN

[@tarkan6485]

"If you were there and saw what I was doing, you would wish your mother had never given birth to you." - Baibars

[@clickbait2457]

One good Moslem soldier equal to around 100 up to 200 mongirl army huntney ".. ;-) its fact

[@MM-qh9yh]

@@clickbait2457 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣

[@mrdonaldabuivankatrump2700]

😂😂😂😂 nice one

[@subutaynoyan5372]

@@clickbait2457 Then how come Mongols demolished the crown of Islam?

[@prashantawasthi2418]

@@clickbait2457 that is why.. your caliph was killed by mongol😂

[@salgarcia8021]

I came to hide in the restroom at work....now I am going to hide for 14 mins 😃 ty guys

[@Gabzpiano]

just pretend u got IBS and nobody will ask any questions xD

[@Muhammad-pz1bp]

😂

[@S0nyToprano]

Nothing better than taking a shit on company time.

[@ryanabercrombie7966]

According to All About History: Greatest Battles, between 200,000 - 800,000 people were massacred or enslaved during the Siege of Bagdad, and the city itself was chocked with these corpses and its buildings in ruins and the Grand Library in flames. I'm glad the Siege was included in this series as it was one of the bloodiest sieges in overall history, and cannot be underrated. My thanks again to Kings and Generals for their fine work for this series. Look forward to the next one with great anticipation :) .

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks for watching!

[@MenkIsAMubtadiiDeobandi]

Thanks guys, there is no vid of this out there and i wad waiting to see one. Keep up the great work. History is very hard in my country, as we have to memorize the whole book to get 20/20 around (120 pages). It keeps me more interested in the topic.

[@JNDFILM87]

Thank you so much Kings and Generals. I was so excited to for this video and it didn't disappoint. Thank you so much.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks for watching!

[@moroccanalmoravid1510]

Basically two things saved the islamic world, the smart move of Baybars and the conversion of Berke Khan.

[@agandaur88]

Mr One nah, mongols exploited kingdoms which didnt try to help each other. Soon when they meet united fronts and rebellions they will loose everything.

[@Tomoesong]

Especially stupid Berke.Because of religion he attacked his brother.

[@moroccanalmoravid1510]

Tomoesong He wasn't his brother, he was his cousin..

[@matikhorasani3842]

The Mongol expansion in the Islamic world was only possible because of the fractured nature of Central Asia. The Khwarezmians beat the Mongols at the battle of Parwan and suddenly the entire region was up in arms against the Mongols. The biggest unfortunate event in Islamic history happened right after that battle; The Afghan allies of the Khwarezmians who were key in beating the Mongols at the battle of Parwan abandoned camp because the Sultan did not gift a captured Mongolian white horse to an Afghan tribal chief. This was seen as a grave offence to the Afghans and thirty thousand battle hardened Afghan cavalrymen left the Khwarezmian camp. This forced the Sultan to retreat even though he had won the battle. How history would have been different had the Khwarezmian Sultan made better judgement.

The muslims destroyed the mongols with or without genkiz khan being muslim. The only way the mongols took the islamic states is by telling the muslims we are better than your own Kings. But that turned bad for the mongols because the muslims rebelled against them and suddenly the whole Arabia Was Armed And Using Guerella warefare and ambushes at the Mongols. Specially the “Arabian Bandits” who were furious Warriors who didn’t show mercy to the Outsiders ( Crusades, Mongols, persians, etc)

[@fatality153]

One of the best , if not THE BEST series on KZbin, great job guys!!!

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you, we are working on the second season. :-)

[@afleitan77]

You should do George w Bush invasion of Baghdad.

[@IJ72]

He never fight, he was hidden!

[@afleitan77]

Ivica Jaranovic nope he was there with his general Tony Blair didn't you hear how they sucked the whole city and captured the Caliph Sadam Hussein?

[@FolkeBernadotte2]

Tedd Saddam was no Caliph. He was a thug who idealizes Joseph Stalin. But the biggest star of that 2003 war was his minister of information. He was more amusing than all American talk shows!!!!!

[@Eabokor1]

that is just as sad excuse of a war just sad...

[@willysillyplays]

@@FolkeBernadotte2 Saddam was evil but he was no where near what Americans have done to iraq.

[@WorldsStrongestMongolEmpire]

The world's most powerful nation, the Mongol Empire, conquered the Middle East, including the Abbasid Caliphate and the Khwarazmian Empire. In the process, they even massacred the Order of Assassins, the founders of Assassin, who were more infamous than the world's most infamous terrorist group, IS. Order of Assassins have been wiped from the face of the Earth. Thank you for always uploading high-quality world history videos. 세계최강대국 몽골제국은 중동 아랍 이슬람 세계에서 가장 강했던 압바스제국, 호라즘제국들을 모조리 정복하는 과정에서 현재 세계적으로 가장 악명높은 세계적 국제적 테러 조직 'IS'보다 더 악명높았던 어쌔신의 창시자인 '아사신파'까지 싸그리 다 대학살해서 지구상에서 아예 없애버렸다. 어쨌든 세계사, 전쟁사 전공 중인데 영상과 설명으로 세계사를 들을수있어서 좋습니다.

[@nydabeats]

This has quickly become my favorite KZbin channel!

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you!

[@angrygamer5674]

the historians says when the mongols entered the city in the first day the river became red like blood and the second day it became like the color of the ink from Baghdad libraries

[@abdennoury4184]

Thank you i was waiting for this video

[@hiyeah8666]

Thank God you uploaded this video. Waiting for this since quite long time. Love you ❤️....

[@Lohrenswald]

Seems weird Jalal ad-Din was able to so easily get in charge of wherever he went.

[@Otaaaz]

Oh man these videos are awesome! Thanks!

[@logang7778]

Hey guys just wanna say I've learned so much about the Mongols from your videos, though admittedly that was very little to start lol. Keep up the great work!

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks!

[@Razielmn]

Don't forget real Assassin (hashishin) were eradicated by the Mongol Empire during the well-documented invasion of Khwarizm. They probably dispatched their assassins to kill Möngke Khan. Thus, a decree was handed over to the Mongol commander Kitbuqa who began to assault several Hashashin fortresses in 1253 before Hulagu's advance in 1256. The Mongols besieged Alamut on December 15, 1256. The Assassins recaptured and held Alamut for a few months in 1275, but they were crushed and their political power was lost foreve

[@Tomoesong]

Razz mn It was actually Jebe who destroyed Hashashin secret empire. Kitbuga was only small commander under Jebe. He was really good soldier but surely was not tactician like Jebe. Thats why he charged stupidily instead pf using original battle tactic of hit and run of mongols in ain jalut and lost.

[@shadow4force]

Yes i heard about there was group of assassin's like "assassin creed" but they defeated by Mongols.

[@teds4843]

Yeah They tried to Assassinate Monghe khan

[@maxgong009]

Always look forward to your videos on the mongols! Just became patron supporter :) . Great job guys.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Welcome onboard and thank you! :-)

[@violatingpanda8294]

Once again, an outstanding video and audio presentation of war!

[@swibmbae9532]

I discovered this channel last year, still fan of your videos, please keep going on

[@mohsy4686]

Could you guys do more videos on Baibars reconquering of the Holy land with the mamelukes? Great content as usual, thanks! :)

[@djos2227]

This channel is amazing!! you deserve milions of subs

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you very much!

[@farrukhmir6497]

Brilliant videos loved it. Great jobs as per usually.

[@adeyadi6365]

this chanel become my favorite one...the one which i looking for long time agowell done bro.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks!

[@muhammadabulyazid9944]

-Actually, the Mamluks didn't have twice the numbers they just overnumbered them slightly.(I knew that resources are very different). -You should have mentioned that Sultan Qutuz of Egypt was Galal Al-Din 's nephew sold to slavery but raised in ranks to rule Egypt and get his vengeance.

[@Tomoesong]

Yeah yeah .. your sources. I watched youtube video of one muslim talking about how great islamic warriors stopped hundreds of thousands mongols. He had his sources too.

[@muhammadabulyazid9944]

If you considered people talk on youtube a source that's your own problem . and I said that the Mamluks did outnumber them but not massively .

[@mohamedabdallah1235]

Tomoesong I would recommend to you the "Nomads on Ponies vs Slaves on Horses" article, written by John Masson Smith Jr, from University of California, Berkeley. It does a great job at explaining how the Mamluks managed to defeat the Mongols. Overall, the Ilkhanate had far more soldiers than the Mamluks but they couldn't mobilise enough of them to overpower the Egyptian Sultanate in one single campaign, due to various reasons which he explains pretty well.

[@siegfriedia9986]

Tomoesong european sources: "300 Spartans faced 10 million persians, 200 dragons and 5000 demons" XD . and this is not even a joke for european historians. european sources are a joke.

[@siegfriedia9986]

Tomoesong btw: 100 Japanese conquered and humiliated all korean subhumen :)

[@AvengerAtIlipa]

"God knows what he does." -Hulagu after the Caliph refused to surrender

[@ignacio9702]

I just love all of your videos. Greetings from Spain

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks for watching!

[@Aazammm]

David won against Goliath once again at same place. It's too good to be real 🔥

[@AhmedTheGass]

Can you make a video about the war between the Vikings and The Arabs in Andalucia please ?

[@skarald8090]

Crusaders and Seljuk Turks against the Mongols. Very unique alliance .

[@MCMLXXXVICCXII]

+ Serbs and Ottomans allied against Byzantium and Serbs joined Constantinople siege. At Ankara battle, only Serbs stood aside with Ottoman sultan against Tanerlane. Anatolian Turks were sell sword till Ottoman empire created. Btw, Karamanid Turks are Christian whose living in Greece now; Kostas Karamanlis etc. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was a Karamanid too. History...

[@PreparingGeneeskunde]

The only force that defeated Mongol armies was that from the Iranian prince Jalal addin, he crushed Mongol forces multiple times.

[@turkogluturk7981]

@@PreparingGeneeskunde Celaleddin was not iranian he was Turkish plz stop stealing Turkish history

[@PreparingGeneeskunde]

Türkoğlu Türk, we say they're Iranian kings of Turkish descent. He could spoke Turkish but he could speak Iranian too and we consider them Iranian king of Turkish descent. His Turkish father had no balls and was so scared for Mongols that this Turkish king pissed in his shorts all the time and always runned scared form fighting. That Turkish king was a shame for our Iranian history.

[@turkogluturk7981]

@@PreparingGeneeskunde so you own Turkish victories while u blame turks for defeats what a contradiction...and they are never iranian but they are conquerors of iran...and dont forget mongol army was consist of mostly turkic warriors and they only lost war against another turkic warriors like Celaleddin Harzemşah, Seyfeddin Kutuz and Baybars...

[@user-pm4og7gc7m]

Thank you so much for that video ,very good work

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks for watching!

[@jesseimaesy8272]

Thanks for making this video 💓

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks for watching!

[@mostovndiaye4795]

The destruction of Baghdad slowed the advanced knowledge of mankind it was unnecessary to burn the libraries ☹️

[@katoyushiromitsu]

I'm not too sure. You are forgetting that China was still churning out tech and knowledge. Most of the library was Islamic cultural stuff.

[@katoyushiromitsu]

@Bat Orgil hmmm. Bit of a large assumption there. After the Mongols decimated the Muslim empires for the first time information from china could easily travel to the west without disruption. This was well known in bringing such ailments like the black death but also allowed technology to pass, such as firearms and better boat designs which were all improved by Europeans. Eventually Europeans would look west to the americas and that is where they really took over. I heavily doubt that the ottomans helped Europe in any way.

[@Tiedtofight]

tigress color turned to dark blue because of the ink, 50000 books was tossed to the river to make a bridge for Mongols horses

[@katoyushiromitsu]

@Bat Orgil Another assumption. Exploration west was not due to a ban of European trade through the middle East. European trade with the east made the middle men (middle east) very rich. Exploration west was just the natural flow of history as humanity wanted to explore their world. Same reason why humans do anything. Also ottoman empire expansion would be the reason why European powers pushed back and led to ottoman collapse and the world we see today. If anything the middle east would of done better without Islam as the religion binds their economy as well as political motivations. In Europe and China it goes economy and politics first then religion. In the middle east the land that had the geographic economic advantage it went religion then economy and politics. The same constraints that hold them back today.

[@egyaquatic7348]

@@katoyushiromitsu not true in the library were translations of ancient Greek and Roman books as well as centuries of middle eastern writings in all fields of knowledge not just religion

[@MrAlexkyra]

Poor Georgia, they just can't catch a break here. Also, I'm glad that the envoys sent to the Seljuks were ok. #EnvoyLivesMatter

[@siddhartharb1771]

These videos are absolutely amazing.you watch.you learn

[@sakibemon9004]

Rukunuddin baibers was a great general who defeated mongols twice.

[@abdurahman90982]

The Mongol army fought very fiercely and very aggressively to break out. Some distance away, Qutuz watched with his private legion. When Qutuz saw the left wing of the Mamluk army almost destroyed by the desperate Mongols seeking an escape route, Qutuz threw away his combat helmet, so that his warriors could recognize him. He was seen the next moment rushing fiercely towards the battlefield yelling "wa islamah!" ("Oh my Islam"), urging his army to keep firm, and advanced towards the weakened side, followed by his own unit. The Mongols were pushed back and fled to a vicinity of Bisan, followed by Qutuz's forces, but they managed to reorganize and return to the battlefield, making a successful counterattack. However, the battle shifted in favor of the Mamluks, who now had both the geographic and psychological advantage, and eventually some of the Mongols were forced to retreat. Kitbuqa and almost the whole Mongol army that had remained in the region perished.

[@TheTeoras1]

Wow, I just noticed that you guys are close to 200k subscribers. Pretty sure I've been watching your stuff since you had less than 50k, and that feels awesome :D You guys deserve the growth, your videos are great. Not just purely informative, but actually interesting and fun to watch. Wish my history lessons were like this.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Hey, thanks for being with us for so long. :-) Hopefully, we will continue to create content for years. :-)

[@oldgamer9992]

It's 2M Now!!

[@tgducsfdifxdt4533]

It's 3 million now

[@paulcateiii]

this channel continues to get better

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks!

[@fabikom]

very well made video, keep on going guys !!

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks, we will. :-)

[@Corcky54]

Your videos are amazing "cliffnotes", if you will, of happenings of great importance throughout history. I really think that modern day history teachers should use your videos, and others like this to teach their students about parts of history. You make it factorial, but still cool and exciting to listen to. I think more people should subscribe to this. Btw Mongols #1 civ in aoe2 :)

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you! :-)

[@batukaganbat6093]

greetings from Mongol :) again thanks for sharing

[@alexanderthegreat445]

I like how you gave a pause before the ‘were not killed’.

[@nikost3596]

great analysis again !!!! respect

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you!

[@painkiller604]

great video. please make next about Didgori battle 1121

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks. It is on the list.

[@aldhizak]

battle of ayn jalut is one of my favorite battles, my band even made a song about it lol

[@KingsandGenerals]

Great. :-)

[@gordon8282]

Realy love your animations looks like creative assembly had done it . Cutscence before the game starts . Brilliant ..

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you very much!

[@jankorinek6404]

Excellent as usually!

[@Ome99]

I think you forgot an important note about the battle of Ain Jalut, the use of Canons, er, more like "Hand Cannoneers" (think "Princess Mononoke"). Even though they were not accurate like the bows used by the mongols, they had a devastating psychological on the mongol riders and their horses. The reputation and track record of the mongols meant that the Mamluks could not take any chances, they studied the mongol tactics (hence the feigned retreat), and incorporated new technology originating from china. It is said that the use of canons in this battle is what spread it to mainstay use. EDIT: Forgot to thank you for your awesome content, as usual.

[@jacquesfrancois4275]

11:37 When that sweet orchestral beat drops

[@chaoukikatrou8598]

i got chills just by watching this video.. great video :')

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks!

[@moulayismail1546]

Thank youuuu Im in love with your channel

[@anitkumarindiansmasterrace1399]

Fuck you

[@splendordesign8656]

I Just have a point for the people who says Arabs can't read at that time, The first word in Islam Holy Book "al-Quran" is "READ" and it was an Order from god, to be a Muslim you must read. Thanks.

[@prashantawasthi2418]

Read what only books of islamic philosophy..! Soo many restrictions on muslims..! Better be an atheist

[@WarThunderers]

Muhammad was illiterate

[@user-bd9ku1ji2h]

@@WarThunderers Thats the point.

[@mrt8944]

Oh really?? Is that the reason for the good literacy record in Afghanistan, Sudan etc?

[@pegeman1510]

K&G please correct me if I’m wrong, I heard when Hulagu Khan came to Iran he had some Persian advisors and the advisors suggested that he attacks Baghdad to get rid of them for good. Hulagu was worry that if the Muslim khalifah is killed the sky would fall on earth. So the advisors said to wrap him inside a cloth and and walk with horses over him, if the sky started coming down on earth they can stop walking over him, but if not they can keep walking over him until he dies.

[@Killjoy97_]

Despite my work i never had the time to study on the Mongols. But you good sir made videos and i managed to start from somewhere. You do great work!

[@Ilikefinalfantasy795]

i love you man, you make my life better.

[@Robi2009]

If it wasn't for constant struggle for the title of great khan, who knows where would Mongols stop? Great video as usual!

[@amine1237]

Yeah?...... only if they had another way.

[@Tomoesong]

True. Berke became muslim and started destroying great khan's legacy on the name of Islam.

[@christopherenriquez6267]

Robi_CK they could've reach all the way to Africa or modern day France.

[@mohamedabdallah1235]

Tomoesong Actually it was a greater movement than one ruler's conversion to Islam, it was the fragmentation of the Mongol Empire. The Chagatai Khanate wasn't muslim at the time (not firmly I think) but it still posed a threat to the Ilkhanate on its eastern border. They were unlucky to divide, but luck had been on their side in the first place to find both the Middle East and China divided, something which enabled them to expand their empire and use the additional resources to continue their conquests (something they were admittedly very good at).

[@SantomPh]

Tomoesong Berke first took over the Golden Horde and then waged war on the Ilkhanate- but the Mongols were further weakened by the loss of the Yuan Dynasty in China , the increasing divison of the empire among rivals and the solidifying of Egypt against invasion. it is hardly Berke's fault, like Rome the Mongol Empire got too big and cracked open.

[@user-lr3yh8on4g]

My respect to Jelal ad-Din, he was better fighter against Mongols than another kingdoms

[@KingsandGenerals]

Yep, he was almost legendary in the region during that period.

[@nonda64]

Ghengis Khan on Celaleddin (Turkic writing) Every father would wish such a son.

[@cruelmael4178]

You mean jallal el din munkaberti the king of khawarezm ?? Yes he was at begging successful after his alliance with the king seif el din baghraq they beat the Tatars but unfortunately the two allied armies went in a stupid conflict and it caused a divergence so chengis khan came with his army and beat jaalla el din and the last ran out in the river ...

[@sergegrone]

@@cruelmael4178 That was before his return from India. His best work came when he started to reestablish the Khwarezmiad Empire and subjugated many vassal states. He even beat a mongol army near Ray.

[@pierre96245]

Nice vid as always :D

[@MrSedrack]

Amazing videos guys! I'd love if you make a video about Battle of Didgori 1121. I think it'll make a great video!

[@fitnesspoint2006]

The people of Baghdad and Allepo can not seem to catch a breakthrough history to present day.

[@googane7755]

The area is too valuable for commerce and trade which often made them frequent targets for expansion. Now with oil today this make these areas more lucrative.

[@walidb123]

@Youssef Houaoui are you insane? We need to get you off the internet and back to school

[@kadijahamad9862]

It’s an actual joke. My people can’t catch a fucking break

[@kadijahamad9862]

Luqman Osman no I’m Lebanese

[@japantarzan3551]

@@kadijahamad9862 Lebanese are not Arabs. Same with Moroccans--- they ain't Arabs either

[@FreshPrincce]

The Kingdom of Georgia faced a defeat against Jalal ad-Din because of internal betrayal :(. The battle began with Jalal ad-Dins left wing attacking the Georgian vanguard and it did not take long for his main forces to be ordered into fight. By that time, Shalva Toreli-Akhaltiskheli and Ivane Toreli-Akhaltsikheli had already sent several messengers to the Georgian commander Ivane Atabag-Mkhargrdzeli asking him to strike the Khwarezmid rear as the vanguard was able to stabilize the front lines. Despite the crucial advantage of the terrain, relief for the vanguard became critically necessary. Mkhargrdzeli's army had still not replied and his Georgian army's main body remained absolutely stationary. A nearly perfect opportunity to force its enemy to fight against being encircled or caught in a pincer movement, was wasted. Soon the Georgian vanguard was breaking apart and finally got completely overrun. Commander Mkhargrdzeli then ordered his troops to abandon the battlefield entirely, leaving the other two commanders Shalva and Ivane Akhaltsikheli in their enemies' hands. Once again internal conflicts and personal feuds between Georgian grand feudal lords decisively crippled the Georgian kingdom's defences and its leaders power. Other then that..Great video once again :D

[@nimapourkarimi1704]

But u know other than that the Persians were great allies with the georgians, Jalal had no choice- he needed more land to save his kingdom from the mongols

[@imeretian9446]

Nima Pourkarimi That's the worst fucking excuse ever

[@hasnan7]

Thinking about Georgia and Armenia I just noticed that throughout history you guys have the worst geographic position in classical and medieval era. So many wars have been fought in those lands with so much pillaging. Horse lords from steppe alone had done so much plunder and loot in the region.

[@tylerellis9097]

M Hasnan, Georgia had it way better then Armenia in history heck survived Arab and Turkish invasion and managed to expand nearly double its size in the 1100 and early 1200s.

[@imeretian9446]

Timur Aktolga Only reason turks took guria was because united georgia collapsed after retarded dukes challenged the king

[@spirosjedimaster]

That was awesome!!!! I really love your work. Is it possible to make some videos about the Fourth crusade or the Ottoman Venetian wars and the siege of Candia(1648-1669) and the siege of Corfu(1716)???

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks! These are on the list.

[@khanchango]

Great work!

[@R3GARnator]

It's really cool these alliances that form from the battles. The Mongol Conquests were really like a mini-world war.

[@gabrieltheredlion6613]

The Mamluks were double in numbers at Ain Jalut but barely won the battle, kinda shows how badass the Mongols were.

[@LORDMEHMOODPASHA]

Wulfhart Ice-Bear Actually this was one of the few times K&G got their facts wrong, (Surprisingly) the vast majority of historians agree that the Mamelukes did outnumber the Mongols but it was by like 2-3000 men, the numbers relatively even and therefore the battle would go to the side with the better strategy, in this case the Mamelukes, who were themselves one of the greatest and most badass warrior societies in history, especially in the 13th century.

[@drtak4512]

the difference was too small. and the secret of mongols victories is the fake retreat tactic.

[@AhmedAli-xy2gm]

And when seight baghdad 10000 arab vs 100000 mongol

[@umerjavednisar]

I was waiting for this

[@MrSami-tv6vl]

Than you for the great episode .

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks for watching!

[@DedicatedSpartan]

Jalal Al Din was pretty tough took the combined might of 4 nations too touch him.

[@AliBABA-ru9vb]

8:24 So sad can u imagine the amount knowledge lost

[@Argentarius11]

Although there a several outstanding historical war series, no one does it better than Kings and Generals: great graphics/animation from the Total War series, effective cinematic music, excellent choice for the narrator, the best use of computer graphics and of course, using the Teaching Companies lectures to maintain authenticity. History, like delicious food, is enhanced with creative presentation. This is presentation at it's best. Magna Historia !!!!!!!!! Reges et Duces, vos laudo.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thank you very much!

[@Snarfindorf]

Fantastic video once again

[@minatodroger7890]

A damn shame about the sack of Bagdad that library would have been a great help to the Mongols if they spared it. It was the downfall after that no way the mongol princes who were Muslim would like hugalu after that

[@shadow4force]

If you do not heed our advice and intend to oppose and resist us, ready your army and choose the battlefield, for we are prepared and girded for battle. When I lead my army against Baghdad in fury, whether you hide in the heavens or on earth I will bring you down from the spinning spheres; I will toss you in the air like a lion. I will leave no one alive in your realm; I will burn your city and your lands. If you wish to spare yourself and your venerable family, listen to my advice with the ear of intelligence. If you do not, you will see what God has willed. Hulagu Khan letter to the caliph of Baghdad. Simply people of Baghdad asked deaths and destruction from Mongols when they offered Hospitality.

[@minatodroger7890]

Hey man i'm all for that but to burn a damn center of knowledge and medicine was folly massacre the population but use what they have to make their nation stronger. This was the same senseless massacring Yelü Chucai warned Ghengis and Odegai about.

[@mustipunyaemail]

hulagu don't like reading.

[@zsaruultugs]

Hulagu didn't burn all library. He had some muslim math teachers begging him not to burn library. So Hulagu captured Library and gave it to their teachers.

[@Todsor]

Hulagu knew Great library held priceless knowledge but he was manipulated to burn it. Just like burning of Great library of Alexandria was not accident but deliberate. Regardless of muslims or mongols, we are all humans after all but there is another being who wants to keep humanity on need-to-know basis. That's why that being manipulates strong human character to reset our knowledge once in a while. Robots have been made even before common era but only now, it was "right" time to be introduced to commoners. Time machines have already been made but now, it is "not right" time to be introduced to commoners. Don't feel sorry for any Great library or any lost knowledge if you are a devote Christian or Muslim because your "bastard god" wills it and he makes sure we are always divided and weak.

[@papafrancesco2937]

Reasons for Mongol demise: 1. untimely deaths of khans

[@Tomoesong]

Papa Francesco True

[@abuubaidah5162]

Hahaha,you are not satisfied for the Muslim small victory right?

[@papafrancesco2937]

?

[@Tomoesong]

What he says *you dont like our muslim victory over mongols even thou it was small*

[@abuubaidah5162]

ok,nvrmnd.I don't mean to make someone boring because of me

[@vinodvarghese78]

Great video. Thanks.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks!