NAT Explained - Network Address Translation

[@PowerCertAnimatedVideos]

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[@filmaker256]

So their will be no private IP addresses? Are you saying NAT will be obsolete?

[@ArisAlamanos]

I am mostly a visual learner and I cannot stress enough how brilliant your videos are. Keep up the good work. Simply amazing.

[@PowerCertAnimatedVideos]

Thanks :)

[@haydenpulchinski4836]

Actually, you are a multimodal learner. This video is instructed in a multimodal format. Everyone is a multimodal learner.

[@russellrogers2702]

I also have Subtitles turned on. I have learned that while watching movies I retain more subtle plot details. It's working for learning as well and holy shit. I just unlocked another level of understanding for myself. Which is weird, because I cant retain anything by simply reading an educational book. Everything blends together too much in the aftermath.

[@ghidraa9340]

Same, he needs to make coloring books too!

[@xicisionentertainment1924]

@@PowerCertAnimatedVideos seriously yes.

[@shirwan]

Fast forward 50 years, When the IPv6 was created, engineers didn't realize how big the internet would become, because even though there were 340 undecillion IPv6 addresses available, the engineers thought that that would be enough, but obviously THEY WERE WRONG.

[@ArjunChatterjeeIN]

Yeah I was just about say This! 🤣🤣

[@maurice4550]

I thought the same thing. Lol

[@augus255]

this had me dead :D

[@oracuda]

IPv12: Hello there

[@Josytt]

If you look at the rate of population growth, it’s impossible. We will be either extinct by then or be using a more advanced technology for device communication

[@joaomoniz7854]

I work in IT for the last 14 years and recently i've been helping others in troubleshoot and want to teach fundamentals in a Simple clear way- so they dont just solve and issue but understand it. Sir, your videos are brilliant for this. You are Simple, Direct, usefull and very pertinent. You are helping me Help others who in Turn Will better understand and Help others. Sharing is caring. Thank You ☺️🙏

[@krishnamohanyerrabilli4040]

Respect 👌

[@leecordita22]

Hi Sir. Can you explain Double NAT in simpler way?

[@lenso2010]

Each time i listen to this guy i realize there are good lecturers out there. Thanx man for always delivering mouthwatering tutorials

[@renragged]

"With a number that huge, we will never run out of IP addresses" Yeah... I heard that one before... ;-)

[@AxelYates]

Just thinking that! haha

[@Nhatanh0475]

When we concord the universe. Then we will have ip v8 and ip v10 with more word and letter and number :v Even Sympol :3

[@Ggldoork]

With each IoT device....

[@izea816]

with increasing AI and AI integration into all things humans, we will all have AT LEAST our own IP addresses (on our heads/hands) AS WELL as all other living things...and thats' before they decide to start applying nano-tech to our cells! Yeah that number can dwindle pretty fast....

[@ACommenterOnYouTube]

@renragged: we won't run out because public IP address' are LEASED out for ~24 hrs so each public IP address that is used will be re-used over and over as older devices get phased out or as you people swap out cell phones every year ... Not all devices will access the internet for the rest of its life. At some point your device will shut down due to age, security, or failure at which point its public IP address will move on to another device ...

[@zyzzuschrist3410]

Man I've learned so much from your videos bro. Please keep them coming!

[@SunirmalChakraborty]

True

[@shurenliu6031]

truly true

[@jeanchrinot]

Yeah he is the best

[@tinanickerson1006]

Same ...studying for my A+ and these vids help so much!!

[@rosehathaway8201]

This is honestly the best and most concise explanation ever. Thank you.

[@PowerCertAnimatedVideos]

Thanks

[@josephgordon4281]

How great is that, no long into, no begging for likes or subscribes, immediately as soon it starts it answers your questions, this is good content

[@davidpepin3017]

"Hey boss, whats the address of the exchange server again?" "For the last time, it's 2001:56b:bd91:3f00:b8da:922d:9485:9d0."

[@dinkody23]

translate it :D

[@frankdauer662]

And that's the reason why starting using DNS names now for all.. but yeah i got the joke ;)

[@eddiebelljr6201]

🤣🤣🤣 YESSIR!!!

[@traveldiary8122]

that's not even a valid IPv6 address. but yeah got the joke!

[@Adonis8989]

Funny joke but if you’re computer is already connected to the company domain why would you need the ipv6 address of the server when you can just use your company email and password, created by the system administrator, to sign into your email account? Serious question.

[@loganguzman6856]

I love he's videos because he explains the material so well that even a child can understand it. He's my favorite teacher for computer material learning. Thank you!

[@PowerCertAnimatedVideos]

Wow, thank you!

[@Thomas-yb6nq]

These lessons are done so well. I can tell lots of time went into these presentations.I have learned a lot in a very short period. Things I always wanted to know.

[@alizafar2187]

There is no better feeling than seeing your video show up when I search for a topic

[@ahabsbane]

As the field coordinator for a network installation company I don't necessarily need an in depth knowledge of network configuration, but a basic understanding of how it works helps generate up-sells for us and the companies we work with, your vids are perfect, thanks!

[@berbid9051]

This man is explaining way better than most doctors and professors one can have in univeristy. You are amazing , keep up the good work 🎉❤

[@MrZipiR]

I usually don't comment to videos but man, you are amazing educator with a calm and relaxing voice. Thanks for the free knowledge, I learn from your 5 mins videos more than I learn in 3 months course .

[@adityatiwari2902]

Whenever I suffer in understanding any concept, you always have a simple explanation for it. Thank you for sharing your knowledge :)

[@Husheo]

I didn't think that I would understand some technology; because I am behind learning the basics. However, I am amazed at how easy you all made this video for anyone to grasp its meaning. Thank you very much.

[@Barberseanmichael]

This guys REALLY good man lol taking IT classes on my own but man, for clarity he really clears up these concepts. Thanks a billion

[@ahmadwaqas6044]

This is best tutorial channel i have came across. Pleasant and simple animation, Smooth and relaxing voice is icing on the cake. Keep it up Sir. JazakAllah

[@mskafridi4815]

This is the best and easiest explanation I have heard, so simple to understand, I have paid £800 for online course and its rubbish

[@jorgellopezlopez4051]

Thanks for the video. You born to be an educator.

[@axlearyakia]

Yes but you're not. *NOR* am I! See what I did there? Ok, I'll leave...

[@mubziv388]

​@@axlearyakia AND i´m leaving too ;)

[@hoola_amigos]

@@axlearyakia I don't see it guys! pls help this potato :(

[@sourabhabhang6034]

@@hoola_amigos the symbol of NOT gate check it

[@AbuTaher-eh1is]

Gonna sit semester final exam & watching your videos. Your videos certainly make one's concept clear. Thank you so much for such nice explanation and animation as well.

[@ranjanadissanayaka5390]

I want to watch another video saying "therefore engineers created ipv6. They thought world would never run out of ip addresses. THEY WERE WRONG!!!

[@swingambassador]

I came here to say the same thing lol😂

[@kahnfatman]

Hold my beer!!

[@storm-from-2020]

Not in our lifetime

[@rs-tarxvfz]

10^80 is number of atoms in visible universe so 10^36 is reasonable big number dude.

[@__Mr.White__]

Will never happen. Also mac addresse will be run out way earlier

[@jan5092]

Thank you very very much for your extremely educational KZbin videos that bring back a lot of forgotten knowledge in my memory.

[@gioo2185]

You have best IT videos i have ever seen, good job bro👍🏻

[@callmehoodie4073]

He's right, your videos really make someone (me) an expert in 3 minutes

[@paulodeleon1715]

This is better than linus tech tips and techquickie! give this channel a million sub! keep it up the good work man!

[@PowerCertAnimatedVideos]

Thank you.

[@BigDuzPimpin]

I love these videos- I'm studying for my CompTIA Network+ and this helps so much

[@entertainmentoverloaded5700]

My gooodness the videos are mind blowing... U r a magician.. THank you very much for fantabulus videos and animations

[@PowerCertAnimatedVideos]

Thank you so much

[@maksymiefimenko8214]

Finally I've found a comprehensive explanation of NAT! Thanks a lot

[@manujmalhotra]

Superb, Awesome. Love your way of explanation. Always excited to watch new videos on this channel. It has made me learn and understand technology in a much better and simpler way. God Bless you Sir for making such Wonderful videos. Thank You so much.

[@PowerCertAnimatedVideos]

Thanks!

[@gwxyzzy]

PowerCert Animated Videos How does the router know which internal IP address should be used for incoming data?

[@gagaadadasdadadas]

You sir ... you are a very good and well educated teacher, because only a good theacher can "translate" a complex information into simple words which stay as informational as possible AND understandable for a exhausted brain in the middle of the night (me) :) Thank you very much ! Keep the good work and keep it simple :)))))

[@dimitrisbello5637]

literally the best channel for networks good job !!!!!

[@sainathbhandari6023]

you deserve more and more respect. Thank you for teaching me. Love you from INDIA.

[@metalwellington]

You didn't explain how nat works. How does the router know which incoming traffic is for which device.

[@tanveerhasan2382]

using port numbers?

[@mdwasim959]

I have also same question

[@duglawbagasao8785]

this is the basic concept bro. Research about it.

[@chintaraghu7060]

I think router remembers the MAC address of the device which is unique....

[@prasanna5836]

They use the port preservation technique,bacially when outbound traffic passes through router,the router uses the same port as used by device and stores the port info internally and forwards it to server with its IP . When the incoming traffic returns on this port, the router knows from the data stored earlier, that it should forward this traffic to certain device with certain IP.

[@pullingthestrings5233]

4:06 "so with a number that huge, we will never run out of IP addresses" 2057: we need an IPv12. 😂

[@josepha4586]

Very, very interesting as usual. You are so good to teach. thanks

[@stanislasandrebernardidris4019]

truly this courses you're providing are treasure. It is not common to get so well explained tech videos. youtubers that follow that channel are blessed.

[@outlaw8379]

4:08 - "With a number that huge we will never run out of IP addresses" 2020 - Hold my Internet Protocol

[@tkjayeshkumar5658]

This channel is my teacher.... .my respected teacher....

[@PowerCertAnimatedVideos]

Thank you :)

[@Rainbow__cookie]

I dont need school you are my teacher *I dont need sleep i need answers*

[@mmarskii]

Ok I just founded ur videos and I really needed this!! I have exam about these things (NAT, WLAN, DNS and so on) and these videos are truly a way to learn things fast!!

[@James_Knott]

A few points. Some ISPs hand out private addresses, which mean customers are already behind NAT and so cannot connect to their own network from elsewhere. NAT also breaks some protocols. Also, address classes are obsolete, replaced with classless addresses, where a base address and subnet mask are specified. BTW, according to Vint Cerf, the guy who invented this, 32 bit addresses were only intended to be used for proof of concept, with the final version having a much larger address space. Unfortunately, IPv4 escaped, leaving the world trying to get by with only 32 bits addresses.

[@FAZILG007]

Hey, im using a wireless 5g home Internet which is connected by sim router zlt x21, i have a doubt to clear. The thing is i want to use my router in my car to access wifi while im travelling but the network disconnects, is this because of NAT enabled? I can only use in the area of my home

[@FAZILG007]

I do have a socket to plug my router in my car

[@James_Knott]

@@FAZILG007 I don't think NAT would cause it to disconnect. What are you doing when that happens? Are you moving? If so, it might be something as simple as a temporary loss of the cell connection.

[@clonkex]

@@FAZILG007 Home wireless connections are often locked to a specific cell tower. If you want internet while you're driving, you'll be better off with a regular mobile sim in your phone. Does that answer your question? It should be entirely unrelated to NAT.

[@MartanTV]

I didn't listen to the lecture so I had to watch this video. Great explanation, thank you.

[@jerrysanchez8361]

Your videos are so simple to understand thank you. Do you have a video for understanding routing protocols such as RIPV2, OSPF?

[@kuliet4life]

Thank you soooooooo much. Didn't get a word my lecture was rambling about for 2 hours and you broke it down in minutes, bravo!!! 👏

[@Dannybythebanana]

@4:11 Im from the future, we just released IPv9 and we now need Untrigintillion IP adresses. It aint easy maintaining internet access when your civilization transverses the entire known Omniverse...

[@MyloMusica]

This guy has a gift, I can understand everything clearly at once

[@medilies]

How does NAT keeps track of request/answer packets and associates em to the correct private ip ?

[@anwarahmed5342]

Ok let’s try to make things easy: 1- Dynamic NAT works like this: I have a private network with 3 host devices connected to a switch and the switch is connected to a router, ok? Now my three host devices I assign them private IP Addresses, lets say: Pc1 192.168.1.1 Pc2 192.168.1.2 Pc3 192.168.1.3 I have a Dynamic NAT Configuration in my Router, this DNAT contains a pool of public IP addresses, assume my pool is: 1) 65.2.2.1 2) 65.2.2.2 3) 65.2.2.3 Now lets say pc1 sends a message to the internet, the data will first arrive to the switch and from there to the router, the router will take the first public ip address from its pool of DNAT addresses, for e.g., this pc1 will take this public ip address: 192.168.1.1 :: 56.2..2.1 This is how it looks the DNAT mapping table in the router, if pc2 also want to go outside to the network, the router will give the second public ip from its pool; 192.168.1.2:: 56.2.2.2 so on and so forth When a reply comes from outside (internet) to this private network, the router will check the public ip address of the destination, lets say it’s for pc1: 56.2.2.1 So it will map 192.168.1.1:: 56.2.2.1 So the router says aha I got it this data is for pc1 So on and so forth, but this type of NAT It will consume a big amount of public ip addresses which is not free- So the solution is to use other type of NAT, which is the one used mostly, PAT (port address translation), PAT works like this: The router configured with PAT has only ONE public ip address for all hosts in the its private network, lets say this address is: 56.2.2.10 but followed by a port number, like this: 56.2.2.10:: 8080 For pc1 -56.2.2.10::8081 For pc2 So on and so forth therefore when pc1 wants yo communicate with outside world, the router will remove pc1’s private ip address (192.168.1.1) and assign him a public address followed by a port number like this; 56.2.2.1::8080 Every host will use same public ip addresses but with different and unique port numbers- There are 65,635 port numbers available (only few are reserved for well known protocols or apps.)

[@abdirahman3794]

@@anwarahmed5342 confused

[@pjmagesh]

You are the best. I have never seen any videos with such clarity. Super good. Much Appreciated!

[@emmanuelisidor9947]

you are the computer man

[@JN-hw2lo]

This was quality. Had an understanding about NAT - but this cleryfied alot of questions i had, that i could not answer by myself or understand the answer when googling it. Thanks!

[@TheYodaman22]

Very helpful, cheers. I’m gonna laugh though if in 20 years time I’m watching a video that says “Engineers invented iPv6 and thought they would never run out of ip addresses”

[@jeanchrinot]

😂

[@Dac_DT_MKD]

I doubt it because in order to run out of ipv6 addresses every person in the world would have to have billions of internet connected devices.

[@clonkex]

It's literally physically impossible to create enough devices to use up all the IPv6 addresses. It's not about hoping we don't run out, or just guessing that we won't. It's simple maths. As someone else put so well: I dont think any of you understand how enormous that number is. If you had a job that paid you 390 trillion dollars per hour (US) you would have to work 24 hours per day, 7 days per week, 365 days per year for a just a little less than 100 quadrillion years to earn 340 undecillion dollars. You could literally start handing out IP-adresses to bacteria. Or this great one: So we could assign an IPV6 address to EVERY ATOM ON THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH, and still have enough addresses left to do another 100+ earths. It isn’t remotely likely that we’ll run out of IPV6 addresses at any time in the future.

[@deannalipowicz2862]

Best learning resources on KZbin for these concepts. So valuable thank you

[@pratikagarwal6357]

I have one query regarding NAT. As you all know that every device over the internet is recognized by its IP address, but when NAT translates the private IP into the public IP, which is the same for all devices as shown in the video, so how does this device will get regognized.

[@Nexus9]

It doesnt by IP address, all those devices share the same IP. Depending on the service it maybe browser cookies/persistent cookies, browsing thumbprint, GEO location or other data the app may collect without you knowing...yeah, kinda disturbing

[@sidalpay747]

It's pretty obvious question that every video that explains NAT left out and did not address (pun intended). So when the service request comes back to requesting router how does router know which device originally requested that?

[@clonkex]

@@Nexus9 What is this nonsense?

[@nainsiniceoin1190]

This is the best explanation yet of all the videos that I've watched. Thank you so much!

[@youngming7752]

With IPv6 we would never run out of public IP addresses India: hold my 8th child

[@chethan579]

Doesn't make sense

[@chethan579]

Ipv6 can be used to address every single grain of sand on our planet. Logically we won't run out of ip addresses because no more sand, no silicon chips therefore no more devices.

[@youngming7752]

🤦🏻‍♂️

[@ssist01]

Well this video helped more than a week and a half of classes. Thanks a lot.

[@Gandalfbaws]

jesus christ my teacher had 1h lecture about this and i could not understand shit. Whatched this 4min video and understod everything perfectly.

[@Indoorcricketers]

Man you are genious, this is a very hard topic buy you explained it very nicely. Good work

[@geppetto917]

Can you imagine Year 2010's-20's: "never gonna run short on IPv6 addresses" Year two thousand and something: "ah shiet here we go again with NATting"

[@Rain_MG]

Thank you for explaining how public addresses are translated into private ones :)

[@amaurycaminero6661]

We will never run out of IPv6 addresses. Uhnnn thats what they said in the past with IPv4...

[@mr_peace]

Amaury Caminero 😂

[@lannylangston]

Well, IPv6 has the potential of 340 undecillion addresses. IPv4 has access to approx 4 billion. To put it in perspective, even if IPv6 were limited to 340 trillion addresses (it's not, it's undecillion), that would mean we could supply 4 billion IPv4 addresses to 85,000 different planets. However, an undecillion triples that amount to 85,000,000 (85 million), then triples it again to 85,000,000,000,000,000,000 (85 quintillion). So, for us to run out of IPv6 addresses, every person of our 8 billion people on the planet would have to have more than 1 trillion personal devices they wanted to connect to the internet. We're not going to run out.

[@fredtrentini6791]

@@lannylangston Even though that's true, there is no guarantee that we will never run out of ip addresses by using IPv6. As we all know, technology has been evolving exponentially on those last decades, so I doubt that this amount of ip addresses will always be enough, after all a number being too big or too small is just a matter of perspective.

[@lannylangston]

@fred that number is so big that the entire surface of the planet would literally have to be stacked shoulder to shoulder with people on every square inch, and each of those people would have to have over a billion devices each. Not going to happen. Ever. MAYBE if we colonize a few million other planets that are all on the same network.

[@fredtrentini6791]

@@lannylangston Damn, I didn't think about this detail at all and that's a pretty good point to state, but I still believe there is no limit for technology. :^) I mean, many circumstances could lead us to consume a lot more ip addresses without running out of physical space like building devices that are smaller, stacking higher amounts of them, having multiple virtual machines on a same device (which means a single device would use many ip addresses), etc. Anyway, when we finally run out of IPv6 addresses I won't even be here anymore. xd

[@johna1857]

This is an excellent explanation especially when you explain IPV6. Thank you

[@itsWooody]

Thank you for this !! Studying for a Data Communications exam and the understanding of NAT is much much more clear!

[@bloodsugarx]

You are a legend not just because of the video, but in general.

[@getnakedtech7393]

I like your videos, it's so easy to understand. You teach better than my teachers.

[@ductran8118]

Your channel is so rewarding. I'm new to CCNA, your videos helped me a lot. Thank you so much.

[@zaibatsu_47]

Thank you. Very good explanation of what NAT is !!!!!

[@imstillw8ing]

Engineers who made ipv4: “and with a number like, 4 billion, we will never run out of IP addresses” This video: “and thanks to IPv6 we will never run out of IP addresses”

[@evaa_121]

Excellent, excellent, excellent, excellent, excellent, excellent, excellent, excellent, excellent, excellent, excellent, excellent explanation. Thanks

[@sarainreno30]

Once again you explained this in a way I finally understand.

[@markmakkai3921]

ó máj gád merri szisztör

[@muhammadadilkhan717]

please keep them coming, learning a lot from you videos

[@charoenyutmasing9996]

The best thing about this KN episode was how diverse it was. You had a Mexican chef cooking Chinese food in an Italian restaurant.

[@mrbob_2245]

This channel teaches me better than my college

[@iftekmahmud]

Thank you so much for these videos. You're a savior. Please don't stop.

[@allanfernandes245]

This channel is a Life saver ♥️♥️♥️

[@diegogm3299]

This makes more sense than trying read a whole chapter on NAT

[@robin1605]

you guys best in explaining such stuff.👍👍

[@libertyrich555]

4 yr old video, is this info still valid? GREAT video, seems to be the only video that actually explains in simple terms what the NAT is.

[@JJFlores197]

Yep. Still valid.

[@brunosousa6642]

Finally I understood what NAT is!

[@dragonniteIV]

Your video is brilliant, simplified and easy to understand. Period. ;)

[@brandonfarfan1978]

Wow! Very informative.👍

[@sourovekummarsaha5837]

4:06 And like the IPv4 engineers, I think you might be wrong too! 😄 Great video with nice explanation, like it 🙂

[@clonkex]

It's literally physically impossible to create enough devices to use up all the IPv6 addresses. It's not about hoping we don't run out, or just guessing that we won't. It's simple maths. As someone else put so well: I dont think any of you understand how enormous that number is. If you had a job that paid you 390 trillion dollars per hour (US) you would have to work 24 hours per day, 7 days per week, 365 days per year for a just a little less than 100 quadrillion years to earn 340 undecillion dollars. You could literally start handing out IP-adresses to bacteria. Or this great one: So we could assign an IPV6 address to EVERY ATOM ON THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH, and still have enough addresses left to do another 100+ earths. It isn’t remotely likely that we’ll run out of IPV6 addresses at any time in the future.

[@RajeshGangurde]

Video n teaching capability is really nice 👌

[@deepakgautam2204]

Your teaching techniques are nice Easy to understand, Thanks

[@vaguincolombia]

Thank you so much for visual explanation. Thats the best way to explain something. Gracias.

[@souravchowdhury4748]

Bro you are really awesome... These tutorials are the best in the world... Love you so much. Keep all the things coming.

[@ParaLux89]

Great video! Clear, concise and straight to the point!

[@ayen8855]

unbelievable teaching skills. fantastic channel !!

[@prakh1250]

WHO MAKES THESE VIDEOS THEY ARE TOO DAMN GOOD

[@futuresocieties.]

Thanks, so to briefly wrap up what you said; NAT or Network Address Translation is a router protocol intended to help with IPV4 conservation and conceals every local private IP for each device on a local/private network to a registered single unique PUBLIC IP address assigned by IPV4 that can be used to connect and use the internet for every device. NAT essentially hides your entire local network, and translates private IP address used in local area network to a public IP address. It acts as a filter if I'm not misunderstood, in that a device that doesn't specifically request data will be denied. It provides direction and can be though of as a street address instead of using the address for the place specifically, it uses a shorthand identifier. NAT can help provide security in this sense, it is a good addition with a firewall, after all though it does sit between the internal and external network, a firewall and NAT are completely different. one is intended to translate ip addresses or map them to one ip and one was designed to protect your computer (internal) from the external internet..

[@HUMAN-Abis]

So, how easier is for someone to access my PC with a open NAT type? In other words, will I get hacked since router will be in the demilitarised (dmz) zone of the internet?

[@khanumar6938]

@@HUMAN-Abisas per my understanding no not until you do anything wrong mistakenly in your computer

[@williesolomon614]

Very impressive video tutorial for Computer Engineers. Thank you for sharing. God bless.

[@sudoscapy9631]

Great tutorial. My one criticism is at the end of the video you stated that we would "never" run out of I.P addresses; but at the beginning of the video you stated that the engineers of IPv4 didn't think that all those IP addresses would run out. What I'm saying is "Never Say Never", as history has proven that to be a true statement. I'd say there's a large possibility that we won't run out of IPv6 addresses anytime soon.

[@PowerCertAnimatedVideos]

I don't think people realize how large that number is. There's not enough stars in the known universe the comes close to 340 undecillion

[@Nexus9]

@@PowerCertAnimatedVideos We'll see, they thought we would'nt run out of IPv4 addresses too. Wait until auto manufacturers need multiple chips to have there own connection...

[@James_Knott]

@@Nexus9 When IPv4 was created, people didn't have PCs. It was originally designed to connect colleges, university and industry involved in defense research and connected the big computers used in those locations. On the user side, they used time share terminals. So, a user would log into a computer such as a VAX 11/780, which was on a DECNET 10base5 Ethernet network. Another site might have an IBM mainframe, using SNA over token ring local network. The Internet, using IPv4, would connect those networks, at the individual sites, together with a common protocol. BTW, I used to be a computer tech at a major telecom and the VAX 11/780 was one of the computers I supported. We had 7 of them connected with DECNET/10base5. Later on, I worked at IBM, where they had several mainframes connected with SNA/token ring, though IPv4 and NetBIOS were also used on the network. Regardless, I've heard the number of IPv6 addresses compared to the number of grains of sand on all the beaches of the world. A customer with my ISP can have as many as 2^72 addresses, as I do. Some ISPs provide 2^80 addresses to a customer. Even my cell phone can provide 2^64 addresses to tethered devices.

[@clonkex]

@@Nexus9 It's literally physically impossible to create enough devices to use up all the IPv6 addresses. It's not about hoping we don't run out, or just guessing that we won't. It's simple maths. As someone else put so well: I dont think any of you understand how enormous that number is. If you had a job that paid you 390 trillion dollars per hour (US) you would have to work 24 hours per day, 7 days per week, 365 days per year for a just a little less than 100 quadrillion years to earn 340 undecillion dollars. You could literally start handing out IP-adresses to bacteria. Or this great one: So we could assign an IPV6 address to EVERY ATOM ON THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH, and still have enough addresses left to do another 100+ earths. It isn’t remotely likely that we’ll run out of IPV6 addresses at any time in the future.

[@akhilsunny1515]

Ty sir It helped me in last minute of exam, hope keep doing well😊

[@brentnoladolph7023]

Your explanation is very clear thumbs up

[@coderninja1716]

You are the best source of information

[@zauq5010]

Always very imformative and explained in very easy way for the viewer to understand.

[@sravyasridhar1052]

Thanks a bunch I've my exam tomorrow and you just saved me.