Hematology | Blood Typing

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you are a blessing to med students. thank you for existing, NINJA NERDS

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Ikr

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[@alysonrutigliano985]

I’m loving your videos. I’m a Medical Laboratory Scientist who works in a hospital lab and an instructor for immunohematology. I want to point out to you that there are many other surface antigens on the red cells other than The A and B antigens (ex: C,c,E,e,Kell,FyA,FyB, JkA,JkB etc) that also contribute to someone’s red cell genotype and phenotype. If exposed to the antigens they lack for these other antigen systems, patients can develop antibodies which can be dangerous for future transfusions and pregnancies. So while O is the universal donor that’s only half the story. If a patient has any clinically unexpected antibodies to these other red cell antigens they must be matched for those as well and A, B and Rh. Even though we teach entire courses for immunhematology and transfusion medicine that can’t be covered here it might be worth mentioning briefly that there are other antigens that exist on red cells and other antibodies certain patients may have that complicate transfusion.

[@nahomelion]

Thanks!

[@aymentolba]

Thank you. Is what you explained the same word "Alloimmunity" ?

[@mrsamandabernier]

Love this. Thanks.

[@theowleyes07]

Correct. There are 31 Other Regulators

[@Keana43]

Very insightful

[@wonderwoman4368]

I wish you were my doctor...a hell of a teacher..what a special gift you have. Not even the doctors explain the severity of the mixed blood and the affect between mother and fetus. My hat off to you.👏

[@Tself02]

So great! I was so confused by this during class, but now that I have watched this, I understand it perfectly! Thank you, Sir!

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+Tiffany Selrick I'm so glad we were able to help!!!!

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Thank you, Ninja Nerd, for posting this fantastic video. You are a gift to this generation!!!👏👏👏

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I wish I had enough money to support you, I will remember this channel after I graduate in Med School! Thank you so much for sharing free knowledge! Metatron bless you!!

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did you graduate!

[@phoenixll9858]

@@shahdaltiary what sort of question is that??😁

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A born teacher... Thanks a million!

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Thanks sir❤❤❤

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Thankyou sir for saving my med career 😭😭

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You are simply amazing and your videos should be schools requisites. Thank you for everything that you do for all of us students.

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I used to hate school and had no idea what the teachers were talking about until I met your videos . I watched most of your videos and I’m glad to say that I’ve been getting As because of you. Thank you soooooo much. You’re a Godsent

[@yuta2349]

I had never understood this topic before, but after your explanation it made me absolutely clear. Very well explained. Thanks a lot.

[@mohamedyussuf3483]

You simplified the blood type lecture in a very simple and easy-to-understand manner. By the way, I enjoy listening to all your lectures.

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I don’t really comment on KZbin videos, but I have to give it to you.. you’re literally the best! You’re a life saver!!! Keeping me sane through medschool. Thank you for all that you do🙏🏼❤️

[@milanbhavsar5582]

Only thing at 3:00, the Rh antibody is not naturally occurring like the A and B antibodies, so Rh antibodies only forms after the exposure to Rh positive blood.

[@ketanbauskar6635]

Yes I am confused

[@aarya2]

Yesss I m so confused after that

[@michaeltotman1411]

No! that's incorrect the Rh- negative is Recessive Both my parents are Rh+ positive I am Rh O- negative Pureblood Man No Rhesus Macaque Monkey D Antigen the Rh=Rhesus Factor and both A and B are Added Sugars I know B is Glucose and A sounds like NutraSweet but it's not and the Rh- negative Woman rejects the Rh + positive human fetus like in Genisis 3:15

[@alfahadh6826]

The way of teaching is awsome, keep it up and bring more videos like this so that Medical students will have a good onset in their topic.........thanks for this wonderful class ❤

[@AhmedKhan-rw6jx]

So simple and very effortless to understand. Thank u for making it so simple,clear and comprehensive. Much love and respect

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[@satinderjit4]

Awesome video. I was struggling with this and didn’t think it would be something that I ever needed to worry about again. Now it has come back to haunt me as I prep for the MCAT. This video helped me understand it better now.

[@nilsmilan5113]

pretty ridiculous to learn that pre med school, we are just learning it right now and im in the 3rd semester

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[@jarallahghizzi4797]

no need to go through the lecture 'cause the legend cover more than the objectives ask for!

[@thefrenchwarrior5839]

Thank you from the bottom of my heart !!! i had to understand for the mother/foetus mismatched and YOU EXPLAINED IT SO WELL !!! God bless you

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Please explain it for me

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You're teaching in a professional way

[@damilareabiolaekundayo2689]

you are a true blessing to a whole lot of us out there, thank you very much what you do.

[@beanzor]

Very good lecture for beginner Medical Laboratory Science majors. I would also recommend Blood Bank guy for more in-depth discussions in blood banking, especially about other blood groups. There are a lot more surface antigens that MLS majors need to know. But Ninja Nerd's lectures have been so useful for me when I was a student (just graduated a few months ago).

[@Zzzoaneua]

Important note: When considering blood transfusions, it is important to distinguish between red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma. Plasma transfusions contain antibodies. If whole blood (or plasma) is being transfused from an O type donor, it can only be donated to O type recipients because O type individuals have anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma. In most blood transfusions, only the red blood cells are transfused, which is why O type is considered the universal donor for red blood cells. O type red blood cells lack A and B antigens, making them safe for all recipients. Similarly, plasma from an AB individual lacks anti-A and anti-B antibodies. Therefore, it can be donated to recipients of all blood types, making AB individuals the universal plasma donors. :)

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Wow i literally watched so many videos trying to grasp this and your video has helped me so much just to visually see what you are explaining helps. Thank you for you time and patience. I really appreciate it !!!! 🎉❤

[@kimbirleedunn896]

I highly enjoyed this video. Very easy to visualize and understand after this. Thank you!

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I am so thankful to have come across your videos for my anatomy and physiology class. I have shared your videos in our group discussions as well.

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Hi

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[@goscience]

Hi Zach, (not a Doc) just a seasoned organic chemist enjoying your lectures and learning. I was scratching my head trying to understand how Type A blood can be donated to Type AB recipients when Type A has Type B antibodies until I understood that Type B antibody is in the plasma and so a donation A > AB is limited to the RBC fraction. Reading a little more, I realized there may be a multiplicity of situations where blood exchanges can take place by separating plasma from the RBC fraction in such cases where the offending antibody can be separated out prior to the exchange. Obviously, if the antibody is insitu in the recipient you can't unload the corresponding antigen. Cheers!

[@karvalygellert1728]

@goscience, you are absolutely right, and I think it must really be emphasized that all that is said in this video applies when only red blood cells are donated. For instance, when plasma is donated, all of this is reversed. In view of this, I think it could be more appropriate to look at who can receive from who, not who can give to who. Also, emphasizing that AB0 antibodies are IgM's, and Rh antibodies are IgG's is also important in order to understand why an Rh neg mother does not have the antibodies during the first pregnancy (unless she received an Rh pos RBC transfusion earlier). I am putting down all this in acknowledgement of the fact that the system of blood types is way more complex, and I am far closer to a student's level than to an expert's. I appreciate all comments which help in getting a better understanding of this topic. My great big thanks go to dr Murphy for all the great tutorials.

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Top notch explanation! Bravo!

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[@jacquelinehawks9218]

Laughed how you mention that babies usually not born with the opposite blood type of their mother. My first two girls have that.. but do LOVE your video..keep it going

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[@basmiahhassan5794]

Along with A and B antigens, there is another antigen known as the Rh factor which can be present or absent on the red blood cells' surface. In general, Rh-negative blood can be donated to Rh-negative patients only, whereas both Rh-positive and Rh-negative blood can be donated to Rh-positive patients.

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As usual next level 😊

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[@amyharper7642]

Hi! You don’t make antibodies to the Rh antigen until you’re exposed to Rh+ cells through pregnancy or transfusion. If the mother is Rh+ the Rh antigen is seen as “self”. She won’t make Rh antibody because she would then destroy her own antigens/RBCs. If Mom’s Rh- there is potential for the father, thus the child, to be Rh+ and then her body will make Rh antibodies if she’s exposed to the baby’s Rh+ cells. Rhogam is given based on the mothers Rh- status as a preventative regardless of dad and baby’s Rh type. If Dad and baby are negative Mom won’t be sensitized to make antibodies anyway. If Mom were to make an antibody it would happen around 28 weeks, so Moms receive the shot at 28 weeks and after perinatal procedures or delivery when there is potential for fetal maternal hemorrhage (blood mixing). Also want to clarify what RhoGAM does. It’s not an antibody to an antibody. The purpose of it is to fool Mom’s immune system. The anti-G/anti-Rh/Rhogam coats any fetal cells that enter in the mother’s circulation that are Rh+ so she doesn’t “see” them and make her own antibody against them.

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