Immunology | T- Cell Development

[@ahmedelhenawy1998]

This was more informative than a 2 hour university lecture from a phd that has written his own textbook on immunology.

[@AestheticMEDICO]

Lmao yessss

[@namitachanda2124]

Exactly

[@nbme-answers]

Good research and good teaching are two separate, highly specialized and unrelated skills. Don't let anyone tell ya different!

[@Jabreup.]

💯!!! This guy is the best!!

[@gulanzafar7636]

Yup indeed!

[@katerbrig]

There's a big difference between an expert and an expert who can teach. Thank you for being the latter.

[@shadabkarim216]

This make us believe Sir that this world is under the control of a Supreme Intelligence,the Lord of Universe,Allah❤❤❤

[@sayalidukare135]

Plz make a whole series of an immunology leacture, it's very beneficial to us

[@DrZoonotics]

Actually, I have counted 8 Ninja Nerd videos concerning inflammation.

[@Almog6k]

This is how education should look like. Thank you!

[@carolinerivera108]

I have been teaching this stuff for close to 20 years and yours is the best explanation I have ever seen!

[@princessjazz5767]

I really hope u r a good Professor because... most of the Professors just assume we know all of this. What ZACK did is TEACHING, what Professors in Uni's do is not TEACHING at all, i dnt care what anyone says.

[@abdoulazizdabo9064]

I like your humbleness and honestly, I wouldn’t surprise if yours also is the best.

[@elenasultan3627]

Good teacher. Shame that we can only see and learn from KZbin nowadays when the course has been paid thousands of pounds and no one there to teach, so I end up listening this guy here.

[@rageturkey]

can you please become a professor?

[@uqunerds1180]

I love the way that you explain , oh god thank you sooo much for every things you saved my medical life❤❤☹

[@amdgarcia17]

Please please make more on the immune system 🙏🏽 your videos are very detailed and explained well for someone with no medical backgrounds. Mom has had auto immune disorder/RBCAPLASIA (acquired). And when we found out we were so lost and confused because her doctors would explain it in medical terms, we didn’t understand anything until we started searching and watching videos like yours. Truly appreciate you, I feel like I better understand her situation and feel confident explaining it to others as well

[@DrZoonotics]

Actually, there are 8 Ninja Nerd videos concerning inflammation.

[@amdgarcia17]

@@DrZoonotics Actually when I posted my original comment which was a year ago, there weren’t all the videos that are up now. Of course now there’s been more uploads since then.

[@zuluzero4659]

Simpily amazing! My university lectures explain this in such a difficult way with 100s of slides and i almost gave up but watching your video motivated me that I CAN DO THIS!!!

[@chandlereyre8792]

Thank you for the video! I did want to add/ask one thing, however. Current medical student, and we were taught that the downregulation of CD4 or CD8 on the thymocyte is due to the interaction between TCRs and the MHC 1/2. If the TCR (by chance) interacts with MHC1, then the corresponding CD8 will also interact alongside it, and CD4 is downregulated. If the TCR on a thymocyte interacts with MHC2, then CD4 will persist, and CD8 is downregulated. I guess this differs from your explanation in that you imply the CD's are what determines this varability and choice. But I believe the chance originates from RAG recombiation to the TCR earlier on. Thank you for such a helpful video!

[@abdullahibrahim531]

no one in thizs world can b better than this guy.....thanks alot

[@patponggullayanon3075]

พ

[@joanapires8883]

A minha vida

[@aloquoraespada3580]

Ninja Nerd forever 😍💜

[@NinjaNerdOfficial]

+Fatima Alaa that's awesome!

[@zargoyx7567]

What I don‘t get is: What if there are equal amounts of successful CD4 and CD8 interactions? Is the cell always downregulating one of those two?

[@hamzenouh4911]

you guys are helping humanity. you deserve the highest award possible for education

[@lilchiliflake]

Thank you so much for this Immunology playlist as well as the videos on COPD and asthma pathophysiology! You helped a desperate biology master student to dive into therapy research on chronic lung diseases and to pass her oral exam with flying colors :D The Janeway was giving me a hard time to get myself oriented! You are my hero

[@kamemicrobiologist3620]

Dear respected sir it is not the T cell development it's all about T cell maturation please change the topic title thanks

[@sturgeondtd9522]

The fact that he draws the MHC being recognized by CD4/8 is a big oof. CD4 and CD8 are co-stimulatory and are required for signal transduction, however MHC 1/2 is recognized by the cognate TCR. Edit* Also, CD4/CD8 SP selection occurs during positive selection not at the end of Negative Selection. At this point the cell is committed, of note the CD4 cells can develop into T regulatory cells if they have a high affinity for self (this is one of the current working hypothesis for Treg development)

[@lailas.7593]

True! They go from double positive to single positive during positive selection. I was so confused about that 😅

[@halima2953]

@Antea Stassi Hi! Exactly what I was thinking about!!! And I repeated that part of the video cause I thought I didn't get it right but it turned to be exactly what he said! But if you think about it the whole story of RAG enzymes wouldn't make a sense of each T cell is supposed to have one unique TCR no?

[@halima2953]

@Antea Stassi God it makes you feel comfortable when you find someone that asks the same questions as you 😂 weird!!

[@halima2953]

@Antea Stassi well that's a good question! you know... following this logic (of too many types of receptors on one cell membrane) leads to contradiction cause like you said what about B cells than? It's a confusing concept! I think we're missing something about the whole story of genes rearrangement...or else so many contradictions like the one you mentioned will occur

[@halima2953]

@Antea Stassi hey! I found a video about T cells and I asked our question to the person who made it he answered me saying that one T cell should have one type of TCR after VDJ cause the rearrangement occuring in all T cells will give a large number of possibilities and a variety of TCRs not for ONE T CELL but for a GROUP OF THEM... Ps: according to our logic T cell would be busy playing with her genes while germs are destroying the organism 😂😂😂

[@88belysa88]

why couldnt I have found this last week instead of 2 hours before my test

[@NinjaNerdOfficial]

That's plenty of time! You got this!

[@TheFarahzz]

I know that you guys hear this a lot, but I am truly thankful for these videos. It has been 3 days now in which I haven't been able to grasp this concept when my teacher has explained it and you guys were able to do it in just 20 min. Much appreciated and keep them videos coming

[@aditijoshi4959]

Finallyy !! I got the concept !! Thanks a lot for this video :)

[@SpoonieSensei]

i have always been a little shaky on my t-cell development and this is honestly the most straightforward and comprehensive information i have ever come across. thank you!

[@MK-ih6wp]

Same. I have decent memory of what we learned back in school but never felt very confident about t-cells, until now!

[@ernestocampos5983]

Thank you so much. Very informative, concrete and easy to understand. Now, you said that the T-cell, before going to the third step, is a CD4+, CD8+ and TCR+ cell. Shouldn't it be TCR - (negative selection) instead, since it fortunately did not recognize neither the MHC-1 nor the MHC-2 peptides?

[@petitprince9287]

yep exactly I was confused bout this point

[@yuqingcai3447]

I had been struggling with this part for many hours, and now everything is clear. Thank you so much, sir!

[@rashadrivera100]

Hey Ninja Nerd, Can you explain how certain viruses are able to persist in the body? In particular how HIV and HSV and Chicken Pox are able to live in the body for years unlike the Flue and COVID which is typically eradicated in a few weeks.

[@jacquim5134]

I'm a first year med student and I just finished watching your series of videos on immunology. Wow, you explained it all so well! As someone with myasthenia gravis I'd be interested to see your explanation of MG's effect on the thymus, t cells and what implications thymectomy to remove a thymus with hyperplasia would have on an adult.

[@bionium6976]

Mg is so painful i beleive

[@kyleeaster1214]

There's one thing i didn't get in this video, and I have zero background in any of this I just find it fascinating. What's the difference between Positive selection (step-1) and the 3rd step, How does a cell correctly interact with CD-4/MH2 and CD8/MH1 and then not in step 3? Are the processes of how this interaction happens different? Would love to clear this bit up!

[@PeegyKittyKat1]

Currently trying to study this for med school, so I am by no means an expert but as far as I understood it from the video (and I might have misunderstood sth as a non native speaker), it's by chance. So it has the possibility to recognize MHC-I and MHC-II but when it get's to that step, the first thing it finds is, say, MHC-I. So it interacts with the MHC-I and that leads for it to downregulate MHC-II. If it interacts with a MHC-II first, it downregulates MHC-I. So it's not a thing of can or cannot but a thing of which one it interacts with first. If that is wrong, please correct me^^

[@WelshwildGem]

So thankful for your videos! I struggle with my reading sometimes but you explain things so well, I wouldn’t get through some of it without you!

[@Red_N_Blue]

I have an exam tomorrow for Biomedical Science (IBMS) that contains 5 questions about T and B cell development, I hope anyone else who needs extra learning materials finds this and helps them.

[@miriam_ness9008]

Why does the thymus gland atrophy. Do I not need to develop T cells later on in life?

[@TheAmmarKeylani]

perfectly explained. The only missing info you missed is the fact that it is NOT RANDOM where the stage of T cells become either T helper cells or T cytotoxic cells but according to a regulatory hormone from the liver reflecting the status of the body at the time of formation of T cells and its demands to which kind of cells it needs such as in yellow fever or Malaria or Dengue etc .. Thank you for an extremely simple and elaborate lecture! :)

[@elenemchedlishvili303]

Could you please provide reference? I have been searching for paper that describes the process.

[@paromitasarker151]

It is exactly what i was looking for. It synchronizes perfectly with the main text book. Thanks a lot. You saved me

[@xSEALs2007x]

Teaching cannot get any better than this. This is the best I’ve seen by far.

[@Skaushik2025]

Hey Ninja, nice video and great for beginners. However, I think your explanation about positive and negative selection is not very clear. First of all, if the TCR on these cells has none to low affinity for self antigens, they will die by neglect (>90% of cells), then comes the positive and negative selection. Positive selection means cells will survive if the TCR has moderate affinity for self antigens (2-5%). Negative selection means the cells will die if the TCR has very high affinity for self antigens (2-5%). And importantly, if the TCR on these cells has high affinity (but not very high) for self antigens, they may become regulatory T cells (

[@pamelacass8703]

Great video! I was wondering if you had heard about kids who dont get chicken pox and from that the T cells dont develop.? Isnt there a process re: bone marrow where chicken pox is concerned that is involved in T cell development? What can be taken to develop the T cells if a kid hasnt had chicken pox? Thank you!

[@salah-ud-dinayubi7056]

Please add subtitles with your lectures it would help .

[@ahmedwproductions2]

Hey man I was wondering if there is a video of you explaining B-cell development

[@edwardsaunders8164]

The adaptive immunity video

[@fatilyuz4011]

@@edwardsaunders8164 İt doesn't contain B cell development. it tells the fate of B cell after naive B cell

[@salam7905]

I want too :( .. hopefully he could do it in the future

[@stellawu1768]

Bro, that was awesome. I can't understand jack in my immunology lecture and you just made it so clear and simple (well, it's never simple), but definitely manageable especially during these times where my exams are online I can't understand any of my e-learning lectures!

[@julioservantes8242]

I think there is a mistake here. CD4/8 does not bind to MHC molecules, they are just clusters of proteins we use to determine what type of T cell it is. MHC molecules bind to TCR in both positive and negative selection.

[@yaklub]

Dude, you keep amazing me. This r cell development video is outstanding. Humbled by both you, Ninja Nerd, and evolution.

[@TheEnobis]

damn I was totally into it until i noticed that parts of it have become outdated by now 😅 (the step one selection in the thymus does not JUST work via mhc recognition) so watch out medstudents in 2024!

[@ameliajohson4329]

You've explained it so well, I was really confused.

[@humanitytribe1111]

Thank youuuuu! I spent hours trying to understand this in my text and you literally helped me completely understand it in a short period with zero confusion.

[@sirinesaleh5398]

Hello ninja nerd, first thank you so much for your videos they saved my life. Can you make more immunology videos, because a vast subject, and i think many people, other than me need them ( cytokines and chemokines, Dendritic cells, MHC, B-cells development, immunological synapse). Thank you deserve so much more recognition.

[@TrupthiJanet]

you can check out Shomu's Biology too!!

[@just_a_nerd01]

I am a high school student and I understand T cell lesson very well from you ... I am more concerned with immunology now !

[@manishsukhwal2383]

Your videos are very helpful Can pls try to make some videos radiology?? It will be a very helpful 😊

[@keesbrakman7465]

Awesome video. I don't understand how at the positive selection he says that it CD4 and CD8 interact with MHC 2 and 1, but then at the final step it's suddenly possible that it only interacts with 1 of the MHCs?

[@kimbakker8946]

Thanks a lot for this video! Very clear explanations and drawings. Can you made also make a video about B cell development one day?

[@scottsteibel]

Excellent presentation. In older adults, assuming the tymus is atrophied, where does all this tcell development take place? Thanks Scott

[@zyzaytrea5173]

thank you so much! your videos helped me a lot. :)

[@shelllyshelly]

Hello. I have to say that I love your videos and they are amazingly helpful. Nevertheless, I am a little concerned because, here you say that CD8+ Tcells and CD4+ T cells differentiate into T regulatory cells. In fact is only CD4+ cells that differentiate into T regulatory cells.

[@josephdahdouh2725]

CD8 with CD28 can differentiate into regulatory T-cells check Google it is there

[@ebenezeraniakwaa-bonsu5810]

exactly my point

[@tranll1]

Love it!!! This is the best demonstration for T Cell development so far!! Thank you 😊

[@gghhiujgg9845]

I hope that you will also activate the translation into Arabic, this will make us happy and millions of Arabs will join your channel. Keep up the good work

[@lucyforeman9950]

Thank you, thank you, thank you!! This was incredibly helpful!

[@nightlythoughts4701]

I've been staring at my pathophysiology book trying to understand this for hours. thank you!!

[@DeenandAqsa]

very wonderfully explained THANKS ALOT

[@mekuekandemgrace3360]

Your contents are always great and thanks for your channel

[@walebelayneh2892]

how you can keep all these things in your mind? is so amazing you deserve so much respect

[@michaelarnot9300]

Brilliant Video Prof Z Murphy VEry well made and odly enough understandable if one can recall the various terminologies you use in them that alone is hard but with repeated viewing possible. I'd like if you haven't done a video on it already about 'Spinal Compression Fractures' this is an issue that is something I'd like to know more about and about the treatments of Kyphoplasty and Vertebroplasty used in helping to regenerate such injury and also if it is possible to for the proceedure to be sucessful after a significant period of non intervention?? Mike A Scottish Borders

[@petitprince9287]

Hi there ninja nerds :D i'm so glad I found u I've never understood my lessons until I saw ur lectures. May Allah benedict and bless u^^ I just wanned to ask for a little clearification about TCRs. u said that RAG molecules shuffle thymocyte DNA to produce different types of TCR according to all the different types possible of AG. now these different TCRs are they gonna be all on the surface of each thymocyte or every thymocyte is gonna have only one type of TCR!??? I hope u got my qst

[@sanjaisrao484]

Excellent explanation

[@dr.ayolizer8778]

Thank you so much ❤️ It's short and direct to the point To more of this💪

[@charlottebuttercase2450]

So helpful, such a thorough walk through of what were really daunting topics in semester 1 of medical school. Take my £9k?

[@pavelderus1]

Can you make a video about CAR T-cell therapy?

[@LaVoie26]

im glad i live in a world were i don't have to go to collage anymore lol plus i learn from watching not reading.

[@mostafaob4540]

Me too I was worrying in my early years in college because I don’t open textbooks at all. Now I realized my way of learning is only watching videos and taking notes

[@LaVoie26]

@@mostafaob4540 idk if i have a mental superpower but as long as i watch something new once or do something once or watch others do something once like job or knowledge i can do same and perfect it in a week the older generation hate this because i'm 29 but thats what my generation is like ! and my 1 year old is already using a tablet and talking an walking the younger generations are getting smarter every year ! it blows my mind i think humans are gonna become like vulcans.

[@mumthaspk6616]

Please make a vedio about B cell development and it's differentiation

[@sbtsbt4224]

Ohhh...thank u so much sir Zach.... U are just perfect....! I really enjoying learning by you and never get tired or bore... Thank u 🤗 Love from Pakistan...

[@salimabuhajiar3063]

You are the best. Thanks teacher !

[@مسلمرستمزوراب]

Great thanks for you Mr. Ninja we hope to complete immunology course with autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivity, tolerance and other important topics which related with immunity. Thank you again 👊🏻❤

[@shaguftamalik649]

by watching this video. I think MBBS is not so confusing and difficult as the professors in medical college had made. stay blessed

[@nicolleenamoradoenciso5319]

thanks for this great explanation!!! could you activate the subtitles in english pleasee

[@homerogonzales5604]

You are fantastic sir, God bless you

[@sunghoonsbiceps2287]

I swear bro you were meant to be a teacher. Thank you so much! ❤️

[@pvsraju7092]

May God bless you, at 76yrs I am learning. Ths Pvsraju

[@kathb1683]

Glad to catch this vid! I’m a newbie. I’d be interested in learning how t-cells become exhausted!

[@SilenceInTheBliss]

Oh my goodness I want to cry this is so good. Thank you!

[@ftyuiokmn]

Been looking for a proper explanation of the T-cell development for quite some time now and I'm glad I came across this video! Goodluck to me analysing and memorizing all this to report in front of the whole class and our teacher. 😬 Aiming for that high score for the evaluation!

[@latonaakaworkaholic_rn3502]

Dang I needed this lecture more than words can say. Thank you!! For real - THANK YOU! 💜🙏🏼

[@mitochondria7554]

You're a great teacher After Dr Najeeb I follow your lectures..💓

[@jessie6564]

I was studying a disease called myasthenia gravis and a treatment option is to remove the thymus and I had to add this last minute thank you so much 😂

[@ibms28]

Thank you so much. But please, next time put an ENGLISH SUBTITLE to the videos.

[@bahgat2150]

These information are in Quran !

[@charisantoniadou1896]

Awesome explanation , much better than our academic professors! Just one question, the whole process is applied also for γδ TCR or just αβ ;

[@AGrant-eb5mr]

Thank you so much -- you cleared up my confusions! Your teaching is the absolute BEST!

[@AhmedKhaled-iq2fd]

red bone marrow not found in the shaft of the long bone , but in the head

[@gghhiujgg9845]

I hope that you will also activate the translation into Arabic, this will make us happy and millions of Arabs will join your channel. Keep up the good work

[@gulanzafar7636]

Yes it helped bro! I really needed to get this mechanism cleared,and it worked😇

[@shamitabangera101]

You should become a professor in University....great explanation with creativity.

[@neciromar2484]

thanks for this great explanation but if you can explain what happening to the LT cell in the bone marrow befor that and thanks a lot

[@sannahshah1115]

honestly, you are an angel sent down to us depressed and tiredlookingforanswers students. may God bless you :)

[@marinara2596]

I could watch you for hours

[@minachlf8347]

thank you so mutch ...je suis francophone je vais essaie de bien maitriser l anglais pour mieux vs comprendre mr ninja ...merci encore ^^

[@longjohn2726]

Can you please open your own med school? I would study there!

[@hossamsaeed7088]

this is a pretty good and satisfying explanation ❤ thank you so much ❤

[@leeannstorms3239]

I am a retired high school biology teacher and I enjoy watching your videos so much. You truly have a gift.

[@KG-pt2sr]

Dude! You are a flat out BEAST/BOSS!!!! I'm an engineer and can't help but appreciate your mastery of what you're talking about. You're a natural!! Keep up the GREAT work!! Love this site - best site out there.

[@itishreesahoo2674]

Sir your teaching process is awesome .I want different vedio on Immunology like antimicrobial protein etc.

[@amnamustafa2942]

"I hope that helped" there has literally not been one ninja nerd vid that did not help, they're all amazing

[@marilaodxnsc9787]

now, how to increase T-cell (immune cells) count rapidly and how to rejuvenate Lymphocytes? can polysaccharide and organic germanium help immune cells strong?

[@mahazaher3603]

You R a great teacher Thnx a lot for make science easy

[@Uxoriouswidow]

I though the +ve selection part involved the lack of a survival signal received by binding the MHCI/II (rather than an active death signal)? Specifically Bcl-x

[@jepolitsch]

you are correct, also Fas is a membrane ligand not secreted.