Nobel Prize Winner Explains JWST vs The Crisis in Cosmology

The Hubble Tension is one of the most exciting mysteries in modern day science. Different methods give different results for the expansion of the Universe. So, how can we solve this and can James Webb help us with that? Or will it make things even worse? Finding out with Physics Nobel Prize laureate, Dr Adam Riess.
🏅 Nobel Prize Winner John Mather Explains JWST
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00:00:00 Intro
00:01:40 Cepheid variables
00:10:47 Hubble Tension
00:18:14 Calibrating the results
00:22:19 James Webb
00:33:34 Plank results
00:38:27 Potential solutions
00:46:18 Back to familiar objects
00:50:36 Most effective kinds of searches
01:01:08 Current obsessions
01:03:19 Final thoughts and more interviews
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[@FairyWeatherMan]

I'm impressed. An hour long interview with a Nobel laureate in his field of expertise making clever, complex and precise questions is not something I see every day. Wonderful!

[@0Logan05]

Even The Obama won the Nobel Prize.😂..(Dozens of Entire families of innocent civilians Erased with HIS Drone strikes!). Don’t think that “Nobel” has ANY clout, credibility nor Reputation worth a D@m# any longer… Perhaps it never truly had any…

[@egay86292]

wow, you mean like when Obama bombed 7 countries and got the Nobel Peace Prize for it?

[@jonathonjubb6626]

And not interrupted like certain channels would...

[@jockeb2651]

For a while I couldn't watch Your videos because You look like my old boss who was horrible. So I just had the audio on, but now I'm happy every time I see You man

[@jockeb2651]

And also thanks for Your awesome content

[@frasercain]

Yikes. I'm glad you got over it. I'm a really nice boss. :-)

[@FirestormX9]

@@frasercain there's your evil alter ego, Fraser. Might add to the 6 degrees of separation theory hahah

[@jockeb2651]

@@frasercain Haha yeah I would happily work for You. It sucked just listening to the videos for a great while haha. @FirestormX9 You're in to something here

[@donporter8432]

😂😂😂

[@MrLalando]

Fraser I LOVE how you are knowledgeable enough to get to the most of this amazing Noble prize winner. What a wonderful gift for all of us!!!

[@TriuraniumOctoxide]

Agree! Fraser is the 1st to claim he's "only" a Space news journalist - but am sure his scope and width of knowledge is wider than many actual scientists!

[@chrisstevens-xq2vb]

Haha the guy thinks you can measure distance with light frequency.

[@MrJetplanemusic]

*Nobel* prize.

[@richardchapman1592]

Yea, red shift likely has more than the recession as it's cause.. maybe light quanta lose energy when forced to alter polarity or the extreme edges of ordinary matter wave functions cause red shift

[@richardchapman1592]

Got red shift and strength of luminosity of cepvhids working on coordination to be certain of the distance and time estimations.

[@JoeZorzin]

Fantastic discussion. Fraser's questions were superb and Adam's replies were mind blowing.

[@I-0-0-I]

Fraser’s ability to draw these guests is phenomenal. His rise in respectability is gosh darn respectable.

[@JoeZorzin]

@@I-0-0-I You really gotta be sharp to interview a Noble Prize winner and get the most out of the discussion and Fraser nailed it! I'm a KZbin junkie and this was one of the best I've ever seen.

[@mikesmith1817]

Yep, no point having a great interviewee unless you have a great interviewer. Which Fraser is.

[@tombombadil3185]

@@JoeZorzin Obama getting the Nobel Peace Prize before he had even assumed the office lost my respect for that institution. What Obama did in office lost my respect also.

[@JoeZorzin]

@@tombombadil3185 I agree with that but the Noble prize thing is pretty good when it sticks to science and avoids political awards.

[@c0nk2879]

I could listen to Adam explain stuff all day. What a great teacher!

[@johnstones66]

Not only does Adam know his stuff but he knows how to explain it. Great discussion.

[@shalomcesar6289]

He was my professor a few years back and I thought he always did a great job explaining things in an easy way to understand

[@russellalesi5715]

Like RPF...

[@bcam266]

I love watching mr. Riess. He’s so into his painful study, that there is no space or energy for ego, as displayed by so many public speakers.

[@bobbymoniz7657]

This interview was really special. I have watched it 2 times so far. I understand far more now than i did before. Thank you for landing such a fantastic interview, and for knowing what questions to ask!

[@BrettCoryell]

This is just one of many examples of being able to get really amazing guests to talk to. This is why I'm a subscriber and a Patron. You just can't get this kind of content anywhere else.

[@FairyWeatherMan]

Exactly my thought. You expressed it perfectly.

[@AlistairGale]

Recombination was when protons and electrons came together to form hydrogen allowing light to penetrate.

[@davidlewiz4325]

Wow! A really riveting discussion! He had good examples for us to latch on to. Great work Fraser.

[@drewd2]

I loved the interview. This scientists was particularly articulate and to the point. All substance. More, please.

[@PsRohrbaugh]

Would there be scientific merit in terms of parallax distance if we, say, launched two JWSTs in opposite directions towards outer the solar system? In 20 years you could image the same target from Pluto's orbit - on opposite sides of the solar system. That'd expand the angular resolution significantly. But would it be useful?

[@randywilliams7696]

check out the NASA paper 'A Telescope at the Solar Gravitational Lens'

[@hugegamer5988]

@@randywilliams7696 low range of observation targets, limited observation time of a decade or so, but with a 50 billion times magnification boost you can’t go wrong.

[@rafaelgonzalez4175]

The true answer is no. All particles have atomic weight. It would be irrelevant as to where it is in space because it must maintain weight. Atoms are atoms and will not change weight. Telescopes are to see distance. Filters are to see what can not be seen. Particles and elements are defined. Mass and matter are measurable. Energy is not measurable. It is hypothesized. The speed of energy is hypothesized. What is absolute? Forward motion. Energy stores information. Consciousness deciphers energy and the information it stores. Life exists.

[@paulcooper8818]

Not sure if it was mentioned in the discussion, but Polaris is a Cepheid variable with about a four day period.

[@michaelknight4041]

Also a great short story by hp Lovecraft

[@greggstrasser5791]

Halton Arp can tell you something.

[@picksalot1]

That is easily one the very best Science Interviews I've ever heard. Wonderfully lucid, comprehensive, interesting, and easy to understand. This is a great example of Science at its best! Thanks 👏

[@frasercain]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@twerkintwinkie786]

My dream was to go to school for astronomy and astrophysics. The cost of a good education in these fields kind of killed that dream. You’re keeping that dream alive for me though. Your content is top tier my friend. This stuff is so cool to learn about!

[@adamredwine774]

If you can get through the undergrad degree, you’re golden. Pretty much all grad students get a stipend.

[@tessaN64]

never give up twerking twinkie. its not too late!! twerk on that degree babes

[@twerkintwinkie786]

@@adamredwine774 good to know, thanks for the info!

[@ZapperGazer]

I got mine from American Public University System, with Federal Student loans. Fun, indeed!

[@adamredwine774]

@@ZapperGazer that’s how I did my undergraduate degree. Paid off my student loans after something like 7 years

[@FBDAGM2023]

Finally! A channel that allow science to speak for itself, with no presuppositions.

[@UnknownMoses]

lol science

[@egay86292]

dream on. you are presupposing no presuppositions.

[@FBDAGM2023]

@@egay86292true technically. It’s impossible to speak as a human without presupposition. Science is a method, however. The method has presuppositions that mean it can overturn its own presuppositions. Science is willing to embrace change and move on when any of its presuppositions are overturned by evidence. Science is done by humans and they are fallible and mess things up. But anyone who produces verifiable evidence for change can overturn the consensus

[@BaddHabytzz]

I am thoroughly impressed with the ability of you and your guests to present such complex ideas to we laymen in a way we can comprehend. Astronomy and Physics have always fascinated me, and I watch a lot of content that may as well be in a foreign language for all that I'm able to take away. I'm very grateful to have found your channel recently and that you have such an extensive library of digestible material. Thank you for all your dedication and hard work to share your knowledge and passion with us!

[@duncanidaho9153]

If you can't explain it you're much less likely to get funding.

[@bearbryant3495]

This really cleared up some questions I didn't even know I had about Cepheid variables. Good interview.

[@JundArbiter]

" discovering" dark energy is like anybody who knows anything about physics knows to interpret the word. discover there in a very specific way, but most people think that means scientists found it and they did not. just because you found an explanation for why your equation is an accurate doesn't mean that that explanation is correct. because your equation can be wrong for another reason

[@richardmulcahy1535]

Dear Dr. Riess, Thank you very much for a generous and illuminating discussion. You do credit to your profession, your degree, and your Prize.

[@TidalDisruptionEvent]

I could listen to you & Dr. Riess talk for… well, a very long time. That hour flew by. What a phenomenal interview! Bravo!

[@josephmorin8941]

Man i mean this in the most polite and respectful way. If you believe the bullcrap these guys are selling then you, my friend, are stupid. I'm just saying.

[@papachis9535]

Absolutely magnificent interview Fraser. Probably amongst the best you have ever done, and one for the vaults. Thank you.

[@lyledal]

Fantastic interview! Thank you!

[@Moudabo]

Such a wonderful discussion centered around this space riddle. A big thank you to Dr Adam Riess for sharing his time, and insightful knowledge with us. Engaging guest. Fraser's questions were on point and allowed Adam to elaborate on his answers. This format offers the guest enough time to add a little context to their replies. Well done.

[@mikeylatteri]

This burst my current bubble of understanding of where we stand in the universe. Things are similar, but everything is changing. Thank you for seeking further truths.

[@davidhanna8470]

Your interviews are exceptional. Drawing out people and professions is delicate and difficult, some folk are naturals. Thank you for your work.

[@fisheye42]

20:34 “…on very small scales, like a megaparsec…” Wow, I ❤ astronomy!

[@frasercain]

Merely 3 million light years or so.

[@fisheye42]

A paltry 31 quintillion kilometers. Small indeed.

[@DanouNauck]

That was such a great interview. Whow i learned A LOT! I had to watch it twice, it was sooo good. Thanks @fraser for this good piece of Work, yet again. 🤘

[@glenndennis6801]

Anther great interview. Never really had a good concept of the issues. This cleared up a lot. Thanks, Dr Riess

[@anthonyzornig]

Great interview! Well prepared, well guided and well chosen guest. Thx!

[@davidwalden8732]

I love the use of metaphors such as the one of voices in the stadium of a football game Dr. Riess uses in explaining how picking out individual stars is improved by improvements in resolution. Brilliant!

[@olorin4317]

I really enjoyed the description of the cepheid variable star.

[@virgilmccabe2828]

I’m a bit confused about the expansion of the universe. The farther away a galaxy is from earth the further back in time we are observing it. That means the expansion was faster in the far distant past than it was for a galaxy that is say half the distance and therefore is moving away at a much lower velocity. If we see a faster expansion in the far past and slower expansion in the near past does that indicate that the expansion is decelerating?

[@rapragermusic]

Yes it would

[@fto3367]

No. It's the opposite. The expansion of space is accelerating. The reason a distant galaxy "moves away" more quickly from us is because there is more expanding space in between. That would be the case even when the expansion of space is constant. The expansion didn't happen at the position and time of the distant ancient galaxy but homogeneously throughout the entire space on the light's journey.

[@watchison1]

Your show is just so unique and informative. It is so fun and enhanced with your own passion. Thank you for what you do.

[@debras1503]

I have been listening to your show for a few years. I’m 64 and have been self teaching myself. You teach me a lot❤

[@scottwickstrum6977]

How have I not heard of this channel? Never mind, I'm here now, and this is amazing stuff! Thank you, and keep it up! Great mix of lay person notes and amazing knowledge.

[@WilliamRWarrenJr]

I am grateful for your periodic updates!Thanks!

[@spacedarkmatters1796]

Ive never commented before but thank you Fraser for such great content, I really appriciate your hard work

[@frasercain]

Thanks a lot, I'm really glad you're enjoying them.

[@WilliamRWarrenJr]

If the observable data don't match the theory ... either the observable data or the theory, or both, are not proven. Both may be right, through some process we have yet to understand.

[@realkarfixer8208]

Phenomenal interview Fraser! Dr. Reiss is a great communicator, he seem very comfortable discussing very difficult concepts that require precise measurements and calibrations it a way that the layperson can understand. You need to meet him at a Pub and spend a few hours chatting with him.

[@bariizlam638]

Adam Riess is awesome and such an accomplished physicist! he makes complex topics really understandable for laymen like us...also thanks for the excellent work you do @Fraiser Cain as a science communicator! keep em coming

[@tomsawyer4776]

Good interview....you have great skill in extracting the info we want to know.

[@uncletiggermclaren7592]

That was extremely interesting. Also, amusing because I just listened to a man who unironically called 3,260,000 light years "very small scale".

[@alfonsopayra]

Amazing interview. 🎉

[@modalmixture]

This was an amazing interview, great questions and insightful answers. I would have wanted to ask, as someone interested in statistics, how do you so confidently know what your error bars are? How do you propagate all the different sources of error through the whole process to get a single error estimate?

[@cafaque]

That is a great interview. Awesome work!

[@GlenBHoward]

A fantastic interview! The only thing better than your questions were his answers! His explanations were very easy to follow and understand. A master communicator!

[@janetdaenzer8247]

I don't think I have ever listened to such a brilliant interview. Fraser could probably answer the questions himself he has such a deep understanding of the universe andAdam is incredible in that he manages to explain the most complex ideas with down to earth images we can all follow without pages of algebraic equations.! Its such a gift. Thank you both so much. Ì' ll soon be listening for the third time to try to understand a little more.

[@frasercain]

I'm really glad you enjoyed it. You're watching me get an education. 😀

[@janetdaenzer8247]

Well when I catch you up I'll be as old as the further galaxies! But it's never too late to learn and what a chance we have to live at the beginning of these discoveries like when America was discovered😂😂

[@janetdaenzer8247]

Or when Europe thought it had discovered the America's! But that's another story!

[@janetdaenzer8247]

I have another crazy question to ask you. Is dark matter within our earth so we may breathe it or is it only exterior to our world? I sometimes feel there is something around me which I cannot tangibly feel but it may be my imagination

[@jimbernard8964]

Brilliant interview! Bravo!

[@kwccoin3115]

Great interview and how the interviewer is so knowledgeable to get the interviewee to express ... So great.

[@BartvandenDonk]

Good conversation with understandable explanations of many things in the galaxy.

[@margretrosenberg420]

This is what I like best about science. We have something that physicists describe as a "crisis," but that doesn't mean that they're worried; it means that they're excited about the chance to make new discoveries.

[@paulthomas963]

Oh please, no they aren't. If any of them were honest, they would admit the data proved their models are wrong. It will be decades before they have that much humility.

[@johngriffith2232]

Excellent dialog.... well done! John Griffith

[@roshaan]

Fascinating questions and very interesting answers. Loved the session.

[@arthurw8054]

Absolutely terrific interview, thanks.

[@missvic659]

Thank you, very interesting information about how much more we have learned about our universe, with JWST!

[@GWG-ib9cv]

I don't think dark matter or dark energy has been discovered. It's just been theorized about.

[@scotter7663]

As a layman it would seem that one or both dark matter/energy are a clear indication of an incomplete understanding or misunderstanding of gravity and the expansion rate of the universe

[@paulthomas963]

The universe he's talking about is the one made up to fit his pet theories and not the one we actually reside in. Ours keeps unfortunately delivering contradictory observations that falsify his theories. WhAt a MyStErY. Soooooo mysterious much wow.

[@scottcarlini954]

One time getting a new pair of glasses, that night I was awarded with naked eye view of the Andromeda Galaxy. Supposedly, the farthest distant item one can see without needing a telescope. On This clear cloudless night, by looking high almost straight above my head, I sensed a fuzzy smudged miniature cloud. Yet, if I had to swear under oath. Honestly, my eyes denied me any direct view, and only by slightly looking away would it appear.

[@frasercain]

It sounds like you saw it. Our eyes can see fainter objects from our peripheral vision. It's called Averted Vision: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Averted_vision

[@quikaddict1]

Great interview 👍

[@Mathewmatic]

Wow, I learned so much about the Hubble Tension today. What a great interview.

[@JPspinFPV]

This is a fantastic discussion. I'm still not convinced there was a big bang, but perhaps us approaching the limits of our observations.

[@yoni-in-BHAM]

This discussion was great! Plus I was able to follow what was being conveyed. I'm not so dumb after all! 🤸‍♀️ Man I love this stuff!

[@mj2745]

The scale and amount of painstaking calculations and all the checking and rechecking and calibrations...we the "little people" don't tend to think about and the time it takes to reach these inconclusive conclusions...makes my brain hurt. Being an astronomer must require immense patience. 🙏Thanks Fraser for this great interview and a laureate that speaks in easy to understand terminology to boot.

[@sheepwshotguns42]

what a great interview!

[@j72ashley]

My totally uneducated brain is actually starting to pick up some of this stuff. I still have to look up stuff from time to time and pause the video, but this particular episode is super helpful for me to at least get some basic understanding of what the issue is at hand. Also, learned about cepheid variables. Thanks for helping to bridge the gap from the educated experts to the layman like myself.

[@brianrose1681]

Gotta love an interviewer whose questions to a Nobel Prize winner result overwhelmingly with “Right, Right, Correct, Right, Right, Right,” 💪👍👏

[@jamesalec1321]

Awesome interview. Thanks very much.

[@TNM001]

lovely interview. also, i appreciated the subtle diss on the economy/literature nobel price ;)

[@denijane89]

Oh, you got to interview Adam! So nice! It was very funny how he dodged the BAO question. I think he hates BAO. :) Also I didn't hear him mentioning GRBs, which seem to side with BAO and CMB (though that's a complicated question as GRBs are not yet admitted in the Standard Candles club). But I think the interview was great and Adam explained the situation very neatly.

[@Arcticstar69]

I just asked the question you touched. Thanks Dr.Riess.

[@HotPinkst17]

The issue is likely to be an error in the assumptions made to complete the calculation of the Hubble/Universal Constant. Mostly likely that we assume gravitational redshift is negligible. The longer light travels the more time for the gravity of the universe to redshift the light and we do not have high certainty of where all the mass was in relation to the path of the photons we measure. Unaccounted for gravitational redshift could easily resolve the unresolvable issue of dark energy and inconsistent variable expansion rates.

[@tonyf8167]

wow! i love how he opens up with all the ASSUMPTIONS modern science is making.

[@herrpez]

Most of what we do in life is based on assumptions. The important thing is how these assumptions stand up to scrutiny, and how willing one is to change according to the evidence/results from testing.

[@tonyf8167]

@@herrpezEXACTLY! now go tell that to the astrophysics scientific community!

[@DeathValleyDazed]

@@tonyf8167Scientists being human struggle with separating assumptions from fads from reality. For example most scientists mock the possibility of an Electric Universe Model.

[@keyscook]

Fantastic interview, thoughtful questions, with a truly dedicated scientist. I really appreciate that he states clearly that the terms, "dark matter", "dark energy" are just words used for something that we currently do not understand (so many in astrophysics talk about those as if they are understood) = respect from me. Thank you Fraser & Cheers from Seattle!

[@epajarjestys9981]

Awesome interview.

[@joeking4206]

“It’s like threading the eye of a needle from the other side on the Moon”. Great analogy. I’ll use that whenever I get the chance.

[@yclept9]

The word you're looking for is (German) Brillenbrillanz - The sudden, innervating clarity afforded by new glasses.

[@frasercain]

Of course there's a German word for it. :-)

[@zapfanzapfan]

Very good interview. I didn't realize there were so few type 1A-supernova we could see with good precision.

[@frasercain]

Yeah, there are only about 1500 known right now, but Vera Rubin is expected to find 1 million.

[@zapfanzapfan]

@@frasercain And only 42 of them close enough to compare with Cepheids.

[@TurboElectricLtd]

Still not understanding how we are describing the universe as having a beginning in the finite past when GR shows time just doesn't worked like that in an "infinitely" dense mass i.e.: the "big bang" singularity

[@adamredwine774]

Excellent interview.

[@photografr7]

I was praised for lectures on astronomy snd telescope types. He does the same but on a grander scale.

[@cagecurrent]

Great interview! ❤

[@photografr7]

He’s brilliant AND a good educator.

[@Corvaire]

My Grand Fission Theory explains it. Picture a belt at a set diameter. Put a bubble inside it expanding. Once that bubble expands to the diameter of that belt there will be a slight slow down of expansion at that parallel diameter (Pressure valves will then increase in size and and frequency.) Once that expansion pushes beyond that set width the outside bubbles will then start to increase expansion again in both size and speed for a larger period of time. At one point that expansion evens out and the belt then starts to squeeze in the center, eventually causing a break. The Universii then collapse (Dark Energy expulsion/collapse) and push away from each other. They then seal up and the process of expansion (big bang) starts over, individually.

[@SheSweetLikSugarNSavage]

❤I love the way that he explains things with such intricate detail, while looking into the Far Beyond in front of him as if though everything was arranging and disarranging right before his eyes. It's like he's seeing the universe unfold secrets, and measurements and he's trying to explain to us exactly what he sees....what is happening.... how it's happening... and why. And then suddenly he snaps out of the trance, and looks back at the camera like his brain went, "Oh yeah I'm talking to a real audience. Maybe I should look back at the camera. My bad!" 😆

[@mercilyngono8955]

0:44 How is dark energy discovered when in fact it is still all but an unknown and theoretical?

[@tonywells6990]

Riess discovered that the rate of expansion of the universe is accelerating. Nobody knows what causes it, but dark energy is the term for a possible explanation (the cosmological constant) that fits with observations, and the consequence is that it makes up 70% of the energy content of the universe.

[@mercilyngono8955]

@tonywells6990 Tony, thanks for that. I did not particularly have time to check what the Nobel was awarded for, and as it had no relevance to my comment as I was only addressing one statement of the content creator. I suggest you lister to the word order at 0:44 and all will become evident.

[@tonywells6990]

@@mercilyngono8955 Yeah he discovered that the Hubble expansion rate is accelerating (most cosmologists at the time thought that the expansion rate would keep slowing and possibly even lead to a collapsing universe, so it was a surprise), and dark energy (a constant energy density in space that causes it to expand, possibly Einstein's cosmological constant) is thought to be the most likely explanation.

[@mercilyngono8955]

@@tonywells6990 Thanks again for your expansive explanation, much of which I already knew. My original comment was unrelated to all this. The substance of my post was what the original author said in his commentary. I believe a mistake on his part. But in essence, dark matter and energy are purely theoretical. There is only assumptions made to its possible existence.

[@tonywells6990]

@@mercilyngono8955 Dark matter and dark energy are at least born out of observational evidence.

[@joepriority]

Superb interview

[@steelgreyed]

This is what I needed. Thank you. Now all I need is to visualize how the expansion allows us to see how less than 13 billion year old light travels 34 Billion light years. That is some serious FTL shenanigans.

[@benfadely9583]

I'm trying to comprehend why the universe is moving away from us no matter which direction we look. Seemingly would that not put us at the location of the Big bang, if there was one. At the very least does that not put us in the center of the universe 🤔🤔🧐😵‍💫

[@iambiggus]

The problem of that perspective really originates because the big bang is continually described as an explosion. It wasn’t an explosion that originated from one point, It was a phase transition that happened everywhere; in as near, as can be determined, in an infinitely large universe. Like popping the top off of a carbonated seltzer bottle, but instead of bubbles of co2, coming out of solution, it was radiation being dumped into an inflating space. And just like drawing a bunch of dots on a balloon, once you start inflating it, every point starts moving away from every other point, no matter which point you're on.

[@jeffbrown66]

My understanding is that space is expanding everywhere between galaxies and clusters at cosmological distances. No matter where the observer is located, the distant galaxies and clusters are redshifted and moving away from them. In other they would also think they are at the center of the universe.

[@JoeZorzin]

every point is at the center

[@petertaylor4758]

​@@jeffbrown66 Then why is Andromeda galaxy going to collide with the Milky Way?

[@petertaylor4758]

​@@jeffbrown66 I'm not saying you are wrong, I'm just curious

[@neutechevo]

Way Far, the best interview you have done in some time.. It figures also, out, that the Professor is a nobel prize winner, as He also has the Gift of communicating his advanced knowledge in a comprehensive manner. 5* (More of these please :)

[@brentwilbur]

Two questions. First, how does the continuous expansion and contraction cycle of Cepheid variables affect their angular momentum? Second, how can the star remain so consistent in its period if it is losing mass with every expansion? Maybe these questions are answered in the interview; but they just came to me five minutes in and I wanted to ask before I forget and in case they aren't answered.

[@gigabane7357]

I would be very curious to know if there are any variations to the smooth flow of expansion that 'could' follow a similar pattern of growth that might loosely look like the expansion of a blackhole event horizon as it swallows up planets and systems during its existence...

[@canonwright8397]

Wow, I didn't think it possible for me to be so interested in standards, rulers, and candles. Thanks. =].

[@JustNow42]

Very nice, good coverage. When JWST see through dust I suppose it it is not 100% transparent and also varying with time and distance. Could that be covered?

[@thedouglasw.lippchannel5546]

Excellent talk. Thank You.

[@humanetiger]

I like how he seems to look at the stars at any time in the interview.

[@John-gq7vt]

Dr. Riess sounds a lot like Rob Reiner! I was listening but working on something else and my mind kept expecting him to start talking about a new telescope that "goes to eleven!" This was a REALLY interesting interview. It seemed like you guys were very much on the same page and the information was expressed so well that even I thought I was understanding it, thank you so much!

[@sburges12]

That was awesome! 👍😎

[@francisdebriey3609]

I learned soooooo much that I feel now I am an astrophysicist ! Thank you, Adam and Fraser ...

[@NondescriptMammal]

When he says, "Most Cephieds don't change at all for tens of thousands of years.".... How can we possibly know this to be true?

[@hugegamer5988]

By looking at tens of thousands of them at different points in their lives. For a given mass and composition, and within typical rates of spin, all stars behave the same. It’s basic physics.

[@CaptShriver]

Is it possible that we are wrong on star distances between each other? The distance between stars and even galaxies. How possible is it that we are way off on those measurements?