Not Animal, Not Plant: Strange Organism That Survived All Extinctions (Euglena)

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Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about strange organisms that are not really animals and are not really plants, but something in between - Euglenids
Links:
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
www.uu.nl/en/news/microfossil...
Fabian Weston, • Euglena Encystment - A...
0:00 Animal or plant? Euglenid!
1:15 How this research started - an accidental video
1:50 Mysterious spherical fossils
3:59 Accidental discovery what these actually are
4:35 Strange formation and spinning
5:30 How this was confirmed
6:10 What this tells us about Euglenids
7:40 How they probably originally formed
8:45 Extinction survivors - most indsestructive organism ever?
9:35 Did they also create plastids in plants?
#biology #fossil #euglena
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Images/Videos:
Protist Lab Films, Fabian Weston, • Euglena Encystment - A...
MyIndependentChannel CC BY 4.0 • Euglenid Foraging
• Radiolarian + Parameci...
Picturepest CC BY 2.0 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugleni...
Patrick Keeling and Yana Eglit CC BY SA 4.0 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugleni...
Ellis O'Neill CC BY-SA 3.0 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugleni...
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[@iainballas]

As a kid I was hugely fascinated with these little guys. They had an 'eye', they could move on their own, and they could both eat and make their own food. I was like "Why isn't all life based on these?"

[@Bildgesmythe]

Same

[@OhhCrapGuy]

I mean, they have the equivalent of chloroplasts and mitochondria. It seems conceivable that both plants and animals are descended from them, each losing the traits that the other kept. (This is little more than idle speculation on my part, a functionally untested hypothesis. Someone more knowledgeable in the area has probably already thought about this and has either found why it's not the case or is trying to find out why it's not the case)

[@KozmicHand]

@@OhhCrapGuy It is very possible that multi cell life could have evolved from this organism, but the exact evolutionary pathways and relationships between different groups of organisms are complex and not fully understood. The origins of animal and plant life are believed to have separate evolutionary histories, with multicellularity evolving independently in different lineages. Though there may be shared traits or common ancestry in some cases, the specific relationships between Euglena and animals or plants are not widely supported by current scientific evidence.

[@whome9842]

@@OhhCrapGuy Since all Eukaryotes have mitochondria it is likely that the acquisition of a mitochondria happened very early. Later one of them made a symbiotic relationship with a photosynthesizing bacteria that eventually became the chloroplast. All plants and algae would descend from these.

[@djdrack4681]

If you want to believe darwinian evolution: something like this may have been the most recent common ancestor for both plants/animals... But as it evolved and (the new species diversified), they prob abandoned one set of traits or another (IE photosynthesis, but not eyes/mouth), vice versa etc...Fast forward and add some parallel evolution (where the same traits evolve independently, several times; IE like crabs) and you'd have early plantae and animalia .

[@tonygamer4310]

small correction: Not all Euglenids can photosynthesize. In fact, some Euglenids have been shown to have previously contained functioning chloroplasts, which are now no longer present. A large majority of them can photosynthesize though, but a large percentage of them also eat, and in a surprisingly large variety of ways some of them wrap their cell membrane around other creatures, some of them can convert certain naturally occurring chemicals into energy, others can absorb nutrients through osmosis, with some species doing a combination of these things simultaneously

[@nathanlevesque7812]

jack of all trades, master of none, is sometimes better than the master of one

[@-108-]

Well, Anton gets a lot of his data from Wokipedia, so there are almost always bits of misinformation in his videos.

[@carlhitchon1009]

@@-108- Can you correct him and cite sources?

[@-108-]

@@carlhitchon1009 Nope. I've wasted far to much time on him. He doesn't care, and I've got better things to do.

[@NuisanceMan]

@@-108- He bases each of his videos on one or more scientific articles.

[@sugaith]

Anton you should make a t-shirt saying "Basically something entirely different...". I'll buy all colors

[@dimitrijmaslov1209]

.

[@Kuro_Tsuki]

😂 SAME 😂

[@Sk0p3r420]

"I'll try spinning, that's a good trick" -this organism, probably

[@cooltubes547]

So that’s pretty nifty I would say.

[@basilbrushbooshieboosh5302]

Hey, like, I think that all the time

[@Seigensi]

they can see the future and start barrel rolling to avoid issues.

[@polymathpark]

great reference to star wars episode 1 xD "Now THIS is podracing!"

[@perrydowd9285]

This video takes me back to my days at tech studying App Sci. Euglenoids are the stars of the microscopic stage. We even did spectroscopy with them. Good times!

[@anjachan]

I love weird living beings like in this video ... life is cool.

[@callumclark3358]

Think you’re being a bit hard on Anton !

[@anjachan]

@@callumclark3358 very funny ... not.

[@sfall616]

​@@anjachanlighten up

[@flspacebear]

By far one the the absolute best channels on KZbin. THE best for earth/space science!

[@DickGallo-dk7wi]

Nature is full of delightful surprises!

[@jeffreywolfe1]

Euglenids are protists -- eukaryotes that may be both animal and plant like, but are neither, wholly. Protists are the "junk drawer" of eukaryotic organisms: not animal, not plant, not fungi, but may be uni or multicellular, auto or heterotrophic. From algae (microscopic) to kelp forests(very macroscopic) to amoeba, paramecium, and diatoms, protists are amazing organisms.

[@eleanorchapple8772]

Thank you Anton for sharing such interesting information and amazing videos

[@psyboyo]

So... there's aliens in my salad.

[@Taijifufu]

There may even be aliens.... eating your salad.

[@JohnDoe-qz1ql]

No

[@anthonyalfredyorke1621]

Thanks Anton, yet another thing I did not know, you really have improved my knowledge. I am still waving and staying WONDERFUL. PEACE AND LOVE TO EVERYONE ❤❤.

[@emergentform1188]

"Fascinating." - Spock

[@garygreen7552]

Are these organisms early life forms? With some animal characteristics and some plant characteristics they may be the first, or at least and early, form of life.

[@ahmetmutlu1983]

plants are provbly early wersions o life... as plants do not need to eat othe animals as powersource... while plants do... and snimals are high speed neural netwrk based mechanisms... whih is something like usb2 so logic tells plants was there prior o animals... this is composite... so like a transition forms of life from plants to high speed high eergy using animal lifeforms...this things are like missing part ofthe puzzle ie human/monkey transitionning frms... wd don see human monkey transitions because our eyes are not programme to see similartiy between ywo 😅

[@brandonb5075]

Your fossils appear to be early stage “tree/fan corals”…they attach to rocks, form a goo and grow like a tree but filter feed. They are considered deep water corals today but could have been different in the past. Black/Gold/Pink/Red Coral for reference. ✌🏼😊🤙🏼

[@ZanzatheDivine]

Finally... Pikmin

[@vtheselfdevotee111]

lol

[@djangosouthwest6043]

Basically yeah if humans go extinct that's where the conspiracy of the game takes place Omar is an alien i only played the first and second game so the second one had a lot of manmade trash coincidence maybe lol 🧐🤓 but that would also be crazy if Pikmin are just evolved humanoids after apocalypse... well at least Pikmin would be more in tune with nature then humans ever did

[@ChronoWrinkle]

Spinning could create centrifugal force to aid in internal chemistry, peculiar!

[@mercurywoodrose]

Euglena were in my childhood biology book. So I’ve heard of them, but this is completely new and amazing if a biologist were to come up with a precursor to plants and animals in the tree of life it would sound like this a hybrid of plant and animal features that can survive all sorts of conditions. That’s the one that would’ve survived With later creatures evolving from it

[@bar88888]

Euglenids are protists - I'm surprised the word "protist" wasn't used in video. Protists are one of the 5 kingdoms of organisms and perhaps the most mysterious But on the other hand - it's interesting that Euglena, whose structure is taught to children in primary school on biology lesson, was able to surprise scientists so much xD

[@plSzq1]

At first, before watching I was betting on some kind of primitive slime mold.

[@walterwalter-ql1np]

That's a hell of a sweeping statement. Not every school worldwide is going to teach the structure of Euglena, not to mention not everywhere in the world even has "primary school".

[@drewm6684]

"Protist" is a polyphyletic term including organisms more closely related to animals and fungi, and others more closely related to plants. The term doesn't carry that much information to a working biologist, and is probably better avoided.

[@Aztesticals]

But protists don't actually form a proper kingdom so the term isn't used in research anymore. Is it still being taught by you or did you just not go through upper level biology. THATS NOT AN INSULT LITTERALY A QUESTION

[@coltonsimms763]

​@@Aztesticalsriggity rekt

[@the80hdgaming]

Not a plant, not an animal.... A planimal? An animant? 😂😂😂

[@markharwood7573]

Planimal works for me.

[@CrispyRichter]

Nah call it Eugene😂 (probably some scientist)

[@johnrathbun2943]

Personally I think it's a Democrat! 😮

[@anjachan]

@@johnrathbun2943 🥱

[@bar88888]

If this is not a plant, not a animal, not a fungus, not a bacteria, and it live (so it not a virus), so it has must be a protist. (And of course - Euglenas are the protists).

[@petercombs4119]

Anton,you been working out!

[@TheMrBeaucephus]

Is it aliens this time, Anton?

[@alangknowles]

He NEVER says that.

[@bretthogan5805]

This is the type of life form that could seed a new planet

[@BritishBeachcomber]

Not quite. Biogenesis also requires even smaller organisms.

[@bretthogan5805]

@@BritishBeachcomber agreed. If the cell could go dormant for an extended period of time tho, it could make interstellar jumps, say from Earth to Mars

[@peteduch2151]

@@BritishBeachcomber you mean the brain of a politician

[@mercurywoodrose]

How about placing DNA sequences inside the Euglena for proteins to make larger organisms you could send these out as spores and an alien life form could re-create humans from them

[@peteduch2151]

@@mercurywoodrose why recreate humans they are just talking monkeys besides euglena might be a life form being put here by aliens have you thought about that

[@user-ox6ip8ie7d]

I remember covering Euglena in basic biology classes but there was something vague about it. Thanks.

[@JamesKelleyJr]

Anton.. just gotta tell you again you are a lion. Its amazing you do what you do with the quality and consistency that you do. You are the example others in your field should be judged. Bravo.

[@pandajfry]

Would the spinning be caused by the internal motion during the transformation? The rotation may not be intentional.

[@sebastianwrites]

Anton, just to let you know... you were the first spacey videos I watched on KZbin in meaningful way. Even though I also now watch other channels as well.

[@janetmccauley2390]

This was very interesting. I have never heard of these and I love learning new things. Love this channel.

[@KennyFromPhilly]

Excellent video awesome background images 🎉 😊

[@Bobalicious]

Everyone knows that the most indestructible organism on Earth is Keith Richards.

[@davidwoods7408]

It's the pickling process.

[@YasAdele90]

Lmao

[@Flint-Dibble-the-Don]

Immortal, not indestructible. Did you learn nothing from Highlander? 🗡️😮

[@Bobalicious]

@@Flint-Dibble-the-Don Doesn't he look like he's already been through several end-of-world scenarios?

[@aleedersart]

​@@Bobalicious😅

[@CyFr]

Anton, you're the best kind of strange life.

[@stephenshanebeaty]

I wish you would have went into more detail into how they move. You can see the little organelles inside moving to change the shape. I would like to know how that happens.

[@YasAdele90]

Same

[@RedElm747]

The flagellum (tail-like structure but literally Latin "whip") is the main means of locomotion and involves electrochemical motor rotation: it's important to remember this is three dimensional even though we see it in two. The movement you observed is referred to as metaboly which is not entirely understood but is likened to amoeboid movement of pseudopodia 'false feet' and involves actin (the same protein responsible in part for muscle contraction) and possibly microtubules (small filaments in basically all eukaryotic cells). This process that allows the cell to stretch, also helps the cell retain its shape.

[@TheKrispyfort]

Cytoplasmic streaming using the cytoskeleton structures

[@TheKrispyfort]

​@@RedElm747 not going into cilia?

[@stephenshanebeaty]

@@TheKrispyfort I'll look it up thanks

[@dgedi78]

life is beautiful, thanks Anton!

[@Miloun]

Hello, wonderful Euglenid!

[@rezadaneshi]

Everyone of my ancestors fathers didn't look noticeably different from their sons, traced back from being human to an amoeba 4 billion years ago. I'm a survivor

[@mariaspellacy]

I think you’ll find you came from your mothers line

[@SwanOnChips]

Very complex set of interconnected and interdependent subcellular machinery that's clearly very well designed. ✅

[@KxNOxUTA]

Very fascinating. Thank you for bringing all this curious information to us in a well explained way!

[@-108-]

Euglena!!! I remember paramecium & euglena from high school science class!

[@teawithlecree5328]

Absolutely fascinating! Thank you!

[@Indiskret1]

Wonderful and important video. Sometimes apparent boring things can be the most fascinating. Where we originate from and how things evolve is certainly such a topic. Thanks s lot!

[@xavierdemerson1913]

Fascinating again ! Thank you

[@mafarmerga]

Although he did not draw it, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek described what we now know to Euglena viridis in 1674. He too was confused by the Plant or Animal argument. He wrote about an organism that moved and said that it was “green in the middle, and before and behind white”

[@gph2193]

Do microrganisms evolve? That is the big question. They appear to fit their enviroments perfectly and are able to wait out when the enviroment is not perfect.

[@KnightspaceORG]

All organisms evolve, no matter what. It's just that if the environment remains relatively unchanged, then usually the rate of big changes is slowed down

[@SomeoneExchangeable]

Of course microorganisms evolve. And how! You can start with literally one single bacterium, ie one "individual" with one set of DNA in a petri dish, re-streak it a few times, then apply an antibiotic and see how now some of the "copies" die, and some of them don't. And some of that might be the fault of some random bacteriophage that accidentally copied an antibiotic resistance gene from a completely different bacterium it had infected earlier. And now you have some strains of bacteria that have genes from a completely different bacterium. And this happens constantly, everywhere, on every surface you see or touch around you.

[@doug-Hakura]

Thanks for another informative video.

[@iffyfox9749]

Hey Anton! Im a fairly new subscriber, I really love your channel and the awesome science and biology news that you provide. One but if advice I have is maybe slow down when you speak just a little bit. Sometimes I have to rewind as now and then you start to speak a little faster. Other than that I love the videos, great work! This video in particular was really interesting. I always loved the idea of animal like organisms that have the ability to use photosynthesis. Such an interesting concept

[@rais1953]

If you touch the top right hand corner of the screen and select the gear symbol you get a drop down that offers adjustment of play speed. At 0.75 speed Anton sounds a bit sleepy but you might understand him better.

[@anotherspontaneousvideo5826]

Now we finally know where Anton´s comprehensive knowledge is coming from: 3´29´´: "Some of them have been discovered half a billion years ago!" Congratulations and to the discoverer ! ; )

[@spellingquestionable]

Thanks!

[@eduardmol9733]

This is very interesting! Reminds me of my master’s thesis, which involved counting microfossils from ~56 million years old sediments. Besides the “regular” groups (pollen, spores, dinoflagellate cysts) there were countless small cyst-like fossils that were difficult to classify. I don’t remember encountering this specific type though, maybe I did and I just misidentified it as a spore or something haha! The microfossil record is full of those mysterious structures of which we have no clue what organism once produced them… great to see that atleast one type has been identified as euglenoids!

[@anardanalazarus5455]

Panspermia candidate

[@SamtheIrishexan]

I agree. Could they have been delivered on asteroids since they show up more on impact layers or is it they just try to protect themselves. Or both? Some questions I would have, especially once they ID the layers with it.

[@hash8169]

Enceladus expels water and ice; if these little guys evolved within a similar satellite and encased themselves within expelled ice crystals, they could spread to other satellites or planets if the local gravity is disrupted and they get chucked out elsewhere into the solar system

[@ArcadeTVx]

I didnt expected to be watching caninds having sexy fun on anton channel but here I am

[@user-do6dl5gh1z]

Protists or Pre-historic animals. Thry have unique features and even their own kingdom so they aren't plant, animals or fungi.

[@sixeses]

Thanks Anton.

[@Timesend]

Wow this is incredible

[@MaryAnnNytowl]

Ooh, I need to find out if Into the Microcosmos has done a video on this oddball critter! Thank you, Anton, for taking on something more than a bit out of your wheelhouse. 😁

[@PeterTea]

Maybe that’s why aliens are always green.

[@esportcol]

Thank you!

[@PedroTawa]

Very interesting!

[@yvonnemiezis5199]

Fascinating indeed,thanks 👍🤗

[@barbaraarsenault1192]

Fascinating. Cooooooool.

[@_AVF]

Best Channel on KZbin!!!!!!!

[@memejeff]

Very cool. Great to see.

[@michaeldougherty6036]

I wonder how long they can survive within cyst form? The can photosynthesize, so I doubt they'd starve quickly. But they also eat, when not a cyst. So they must need external nutrition at some point. Even if it's just to have enough material/energy to reproduce.

[@stevenkarnisky411]

Journey to the Microcosmos, another great youtube channel, has done episodes on eukaroytes many times, including the photosynthetic organelles. I recommend it. KZbin comment sections can be problematic, but they do not need to be. Anton's is a pretty good one, usually. Ignore the rudest and most idiotic. The humor can get tiresome, but if it isn't obnoxous, I don't mind. Anton injects humor, too. Anyway, thanks to you, Anton!

[@tatrankaska2305]

Interesting. I saw these organisms in my schoolbook classified as plants. Then I was really curious, flowers with eyes, wow!

[@BLUELEADER78]

Fingerprints, zebra strips, ripples in sand dunes, these organisms, etc... Fascinating

[@rchokelal]

Very Interesting.

[@qarljohnson4971]

Euglenids were one of my fave single celled organisms when studying biology in university. But I had always thought of them as a simple animal that had developed a true symbiotic relationship with chloroplasts. Like how lichen is a symbiotic organism made of fungi and algae. Or the hypothesis of how modern nucleated cells are the result of the evolution of different early forms of bacteria & archaea, that evolved to live together, thereby creating the organelles like mitochondria, nucleus, flagella & chloroplasts.

[@nomdeguerre7265]

Not flagella. They’re generally accepted to have been shown to be autonomously evolved rather than acquired symbiotically.

[@qarljohnson4971]

It's my understanding that flagella and other related wiggly organeeles have their own DNA, which is a classic sign of evolutionary symbiosis. @@nomdeguerre7265

[@joeknowme7968]

Nature can adapt and overcome any obstacles. The best creator

[@thomfiel]

It's difficult to speculate about life on other worlds, but I'd surmise that this kind of primitive life is probably the most common. There are likely to be many planets and moons--possibly a few in our own solar system--which have something similar to this.

[@chopper2204]

Amazing !

[@michaelneal6589]

Thank you

[@Bildgesmythe]

What fascinating critters!

[@SheSweetLikSugarNSavage]

Pictures of ringworms, mold, fungus, and spores...😖 😕Dr. Egon now I'm itching!

[@jakepockets4977]

Hey buddy, tbh I haven't read through the comments so idk if this is addressed at all/ever in videos... First wanna say long time viewer, first (maybe not?) time commenter. Disabled, home a lot, have educational KZbin on in the background quite often. You and Joe Scott are two of my favorites for general science stuff, I have my channels for astronomy and other specific sciences or video essayists, but you and Joe do a great job with hitting a wide variety of topics. I also know you're much more science breaking news while he's a questions and answers type or talking about specific topics after he fully understands the thing to the best of his ability so not breaking news at all. This being said, I'm aware that you put out tonnes of content, that's rather reactive to new science stories... So I was wondering if you're aware of your subtitles being absolutely incoherent a lot of the time? It's super unfortunate, sometimes I have to turn subtitles off... I personally keep them on as often as possible simply because I have an auditory processing disorder. If I can only listen to the video and watch it without reading along, I will generally miss what's being said and either have to rewatch or not even notice and be disassociating by the end and poof it's a couple of videos later on KZbin's autoplay on my TV (I realize this is a my brain, my responsibility issue. But I know others likely have similar disability combinations that may manifest similarly). You make fascinating videos, I watch many shortly after they come out, usually within 72 hrs of release. Just with how off the subtitles are, it throws off my concentration and my brain has a really hard time throwing away a word it read at the same time as hearing it being said, the auditory processing has a harder time processing when the word doesn't match what's being read. On top of that I'm dyslexic. So hearing a word that isn't being read, my brain completely gets confused trying to comprehend the text. But without subtitles, I gotta rewind like 8 times, not because of differences in accent or anything but due to my own brain issues. I think, by the way, unfortunately, the accent may be playing into the auto subtitle errors. The tool is already inaccurate with people who have very good quality mics, very clearly spoken words being said slowly, where each phonetic sound is said very clearly. You mess with any of those and you're going to see an increase in errors in the auto subtitle tool. Unfortunately you have all of those things against you here. Idk how editing subtitles works, I'm technologically inept, but it may be as simple as copying and pasting the script? I'm not sure. But if it's that quick, it may do you some favors to do so, unless you want the subtitles to be wonky in order to deter plagiarism, after that J. Som. stuff (and others) that Hbomberguy brought to light relatively recently, I could see why a lot of content creators would actively want inaccurate subtitles..... Just sucks for folks with a range of disabilities. Hope this constructive criticism is taken well. Also, I wish I could support your Patreon, I follow so many amazing content creators, and I only have a few dollars of disposable income a month, if I made like $200 more I could justify throwing $50 total at a few content creators, and you'd absolutely be one of the people I'd be considering hard to throw that money at, and I'm a queer neurodivergent artist, so, just speaking demographically and content wise, if I were considering you in the top few I'd want to financially throw money at and support, that's saying something. You do great work and I can't wait to share the stuff you shared in this video with friends, had no idea these existed. Instead of financially supporting, I just share the best content creators I've found with friends I think would like or benefit from the content or the creator, which I've shared you to many! 🙂 Keep up the great work dude. But also, for the love of all that is good, please do something about these subtitles 💜 much love.

[@josdelijster4505]

thank you liked and shared

[@stevieraydevriesandries2596]

New haircut bro? Very nice! Looks good on you.

[@blokin5039]

Patatlul

[@Darkanight]

Very interesting.

[@hovant6666]

Spinning is probably a side-effect of their insides spinning a kind of protective concentric envelope around itself within its cell membrane

[@russellzauner]

If we crossed them with tardigrades we'd get an indestructible animal that absorbs everything

[@jamesanddanielthiel]

Fascinating

[@danield.a.42]

Euglena was one of the craziest shit i studied when i was on Biology of Algae in my current Biological Sciences graduation

[@akigreus9424]

Mr Anton, i know it is exceedingly unlikely you'll read this, but i've been working on a theory of the universe and would like to share it here for you and anyone else interested: Here goes: 1. There is a foam like structure to tiniest space as well as vaccuum itself, this foam is the result of matter-antimatter reactions or in plane english, "thinkin of a thought, then a counterpiint, coming to a conclusion and thought turning to energy. 2. During situations of extreme stress or space time warping one part of this antimatter-matter pair will go at very great speeds into a direction away from the center annihilation creating a real particle and a virtual particle, this happens at event horizons of black holes and is called hawking radiation. 3. In this quantum foam there is no electrical charge, just random fields popping in and out, mathmathically after an obscenely long amount of time this field will by random variance be large enough that edge of field will not touch other edge even if expanding at "fastest possible speed". 4. At this point whole field gains either positive if matter or negative if antimatter field and starts converting surrounding foam to itself, this starts the "big bang". 5. Surface of this "electrical" universe expands into "quantum foam" turning it into more of itself until eventually runs out of charge and starts to cool down again. Goes through various and multitude evolutions dependant on initial "hypothesis" conditions. 6. After it cools sufficiently there will be a single particle at bose-einsten condensate cold which will drive it to "expand" faster then "speed of light" as matter is being pushed outside of it faster due to big rip inflation. This will result in a defined region that will get colder and in normal terms will experience "life through memories of all that happened and all beings there in while becoming "more ready" to make the next creation. 7. At some point this region of cold will reach region of inflated whole expanse of the universe and the whole universe will become a living memory of all that was in it and return back to the state of the quantum foam or "thinking" of what to do next.

[@user-tp7gy4dj4l]

They didn't "swallow" an algae: an algae "infected" it. This parasitic plague eventually settled into symbiosis. Much the same happened for plants with chloroplasts, and animals with mitochondria.

[@juanjoseescanellas3798]

Interesting ++!

[@getreal2977]

I didn't knew about those Euglenids. But my first thought was how those beings could be related to our tree of life which still exists today until another extinction event might trims or resets it. If I remember correctly then one of THE most basic beings which brought oxygen in huge amounts into our atmosphere are Cyanobacteria. I was wondering if there might be a chance that Euglenids might played a role in the development of Cyanobacteria which then led to our actual life tree of the present. Just a shot into the blue...but I often wondered in how far remaining survivors from past extinction events like Euglenids, Tardigrade or the famous yellow slime mold 'Physarum polycephalum' might maybe influenced a past rebound of life after such massive events and laid a possible seed for future life past those devastating events. I wonder if there's somewhere a list of all kind of super exotic life forms know to us which seem to fit hardly or not at all to the widely spread and known life tree? Such a list would make a fascinating object of study and might lead to a better understanding if and where they maybe have relatives of any sort to what's still widely alive these days. EDIT: Actually, I did knew Euglenids, just knew them under a different name in my mother tongue. The knowledge of them just faded some after several decades and two mini strokes.

[@JamesQMurphy]

Reminds me of the Rick and Morty episode when Jerry curled up into his protective shell. Even the colors are close.

[@user-if1ly5sn5f]

3:58 an egg makes sense, so the insides can integrate and grow/expand and once its something then it emerges.

[@seriamaugenlicher]

So interesting... 😮

[@danmentink3256]

Would you be able to eat them n get your meat n veggies at the same time?

[@IMTHEBIGGESTCUNT]

Like a ‘kind of’ plant based paste? Could be on to something there! 🤔🧐 We ‘must/Musk’ continue with our research…

[@Garyescargo]

I love polygonal masonry!

[@user-if1ly5sn5f]

I think i understand, its the same in plants. The reaction is because of the integration of greater differences and their effects arent just causing a reaction to cyst but allowing the cyst to hold the dif inside and integrate it. Like hanging on to the difference and processing it because it cysted and the dif cant escape. like the atmosphere trapping the gases and air and all those differences

[@SomeoneExchangeable]

Anton, do you have any sources for the plastid thing? It sounds fishy to me, because Euglenids use a different storage polymer than both green algae, and plants (and their chloroplasts). Plants use starch (amylose, (1→4)-α-D-Glucopyranan), while Euglenids use paramylon ( β-(1, 3)-glucan ), (which, by the way, is rather indigestable to us). It would be very weird if somehow plants went to all the trouble to change the storage chemical back from what Euglenids use to starch, that is used by other green algae. This is why people normally consider plants to be largely terrestrial progeny of green algae.

[@Democritus8181]

Being such a complex symbiosis between plants cells and Euglena, it sounds like very small chance that our Earth even brought about life. It doesn't actually make me optimistic about finding complex life in the rest of the galaxy only simpler life like this or less. We may really do live in a dark forest.

[@ialrakis5173]

This makes it even harder to believe there's no other life out in the universe.

[@Defialos]

Never thought this would be so interesting. Euglans huh? Life always finds a way.

[@laurachapple6795]

The red organelle makes them look like they have eyes. Where it's surrounded by a transparent area they're googly eyes.

[@nomdeguerre7265]

It’s literally an “eyespot” and contains photoreceptors to detect light!

[@SomeoneExchangeable]

@@nomdeguerre7265 More accurately the red spot is the thing that shields the photoreceptor so that the little guys can detect the direction from which the light is (not) coming.

[@XxTheAwokenOnexX]

Evolution has outsmarted us lolz ❤️👍

[@foxmercuryearthylog120]

I have liked watching your videos in the past, and have come back to this one recently. I think the problem with these videos, is that you are reporting recent publications as they are some how definitive. Papers come out all the time, of varying quality, from varying quality journals, from varying quality of schools. It takes years to know if something really had legs or not. Any paper by itself doesn't consititute consensus, and your audience might not understand this.

[@mattchagnon5620]

9:03 those little flashing lights are actually very small crystals floating around it its body.

[@PeloquinDavid]

Fascinating. I wonder where fungi fit into this picture... I'd been led to believe fungi were more closely related to animals than to plants. Yet here's a wee beastie that spans the gap between plants and animals, apparently...