Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: Principles and Applications of NMR

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: Principles and Applications of NMR // In this video, we learn about the basic principles of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), we learn about the NMR and MRI magnets and we also get a glimpse into the many possible applications of NMR. The NMR magnet can be used for solution-state NMR experiments (where the sample is in liquid form, placed in an NMR tube) and for solid-state NMR experiments (where the sample is a powder, placed in an NMR rotor), both of them being valuable tools in scientific research. The basic principles of NMR rely on exploring the nuclear spins and their behavior in an external magnetic field. By using radio-frequency pulse, we can manipulate these spins and record different NMR experiments that reveal important structural information about the sample that we investigate. This information is revealed through NMR spectra, which are the representation of the NMR signal in the frequency domain. By analyzing the NMR chemical shifts, which are very sensitive probes to local structure, we can infer information about the structure of a molecule or a crystal. NMR is a very versatile tool with many possible applications, including some application of NMR in cultural heritage.
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Timecodes:
0:00 - Introduction to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
0:56 - NMR instruments
1:09 - The MRI scanner
1:38 - What is a superconducting material?
2:09 - The NMR magnet
2:32 - The differences between NMR and MRI magnets
3:20 - The solid-state NMR rotor
3:55 - What’s inside an NMR magnet?
4:10 - What is the NMR magnet?
4:31 - How to keep the coil superconducting?
5:44 - How does NMR work?
5:58 - The nuclear spin in NMR
7:27 - Larmor frequency - nuclear spin precession
8:28 - What is resonance in NMR?
8:50 - The Free Induction Decay (FID) in NMR
9:02 - The NMR spectrum
10:12 - The NMR chemical shifts
10:37 - General NMR applications
11:06 - NMR applications in cultural heritage
THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF TANGIBLE HERITAGE: from atoms to molecules to crystals • ATOMIC Structure and M...
WHAT IS THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM and Applications of Electromagnetic Waves to Cultural Heritage • WHAT IS THE ELECTROMAG...
WHAT IS CULTURAL HERITAGE? And how can we preserve our world heritage through Science? • WHAT IS CULTURAL HERIT...
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Twitter: / netanmr
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About me: My name is Maria Baias. I'm a scientist and a Sci-Fi/Fantasy writer. When I was working in academia, in my research, I use different scientific methods to study precious objects of cultural heritage, such as ancient mummies and bones, paintings, and violins. One of my scientific research projects involves developing a scientific method to identify fake paintings. I love our world heritage and I want to share with the world fascinating cultural heritage stories through my videos, my blog, and my novels.
#CulturalHeritage #HeritageScience #Science #scienceeducation
Music - "Up Kilkenny (Instrumental version)" by Josh Woodward. Free download: joshwoodward.com/

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

CORRECTION on the Larmor frequency, which is misspelled in the video. The correct spelling is: Larmor frequency.

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

Thank you for watching! I hope you enjoyed learning about Nuclear Magnetic Resonance!

[@jbsharma9766]

C13 have 7 neutrons. that means it has 1 unpaird neutron. its has half spin but has no charge so then will it behave like tiny magnet? will it interact with magnetic field? why net spin of neutron too is nmr active?? please reply respect teacher.

[@Paul-zf6uk]

The video is so comprehensive, yet simple. Thank you very much !

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

Thank you!! I'm so happy to hear that the explanation was simple and easy to understand!

[@adajidavid3080]

This video rank high among all NMR tutorial videos I've watched. Nice work

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

Thank you so much for saying that! I'm so happy to hear you found it to be a good NMR tutorial! 🙂

[@junaidhussain8685]

An excellent brief illustration of MRI and NMR 👏👍

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

Thank you! I'm glad you liked it!

[@subhankarpm4237]

You explained the concept in very simplest way, however complicated, but you did the justice...it was gr8..thank you

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

Thank you! I'm glad to hear you found the explanation simple.

[@nitinlobo367]

Congrats Dr Maria on this nice initiative! As an NMR spectroscopist, I really enjoyed your video which clearly explains the basics of NMR in a more practical way to the beginners. Good graphical contents are another plus point of this video.

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

Thank you! I'm happy you enjoyed it and that you found the explanation clear.

[@tonydietz6387]

Beautifully done. Luv your joyful presentation! 💖

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

Thank you! I'm happy to hear you liked it! 🙂

[@cpacheco223]

Excellent educational NMR video!! Congratulations for the initiative! Looking forward to more videos.

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

Thank you! I'm happy that you enjoyed it and hope you'll enjoy my other videos.

[@arakim754]

Great video with a very clear explanation!

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

Thank you! I'm glad you enjoyed it!

[@ahmadabualrub2590]

thanks a lot

[@asmaakhalil5336]

I think this video is very helpful for students to understand the main basics of NMR with helpful illustrations and simple clear explanations, a lot of thanks for such work!!

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

Thank you so much for your feedback! I'm happy to hear you think it's a helpful video for students to understand the basics of NMR.

[@sharonlee1509]

I'm interested in going into the nutrition field within chemistry and when you mentioned that NMR is used in the food industry too, I wanted to know more about it. I don't know in what context they are used for, but I'm sure NMR is a very helpful tool in determining the chemical composition of certain food products!

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

The chemistry of food is an interesting topic and there seems to be a lot of research in food using NMR. Here's an example of NMR research on carrots 😃 pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/jf5014555?src=recsys

[@k4qdex]

thanks. simple and to the point

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

Glad to hear you found the explanation simple.

[@arakim754]

Great and helpful video! Thank you for the nice explanation :)

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

Thank you! I'm happy to hear you found it helpful! 🙂

[@elises1180]

Wow this video saved my dog, Thanks💕💕💕💕

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

Your dog??

[@TrollDude9000]

As a biochemist, I find it very interesting to learn about the type of results one would get and use for further experiments with NMR and proteins. Considering that proteins are giant molecules that are intricately connected to serve a special function, I am quite curious to see how NMR can be used to study protein structure, down to the molecular level.

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

There's a lot of high field NMR research, both in solution-state and in solid-state NMR, that's done on proteins to learn about both the protein structure and the protein dynamics. And some of these studies are done on really big proteins and in order to study such large systems we use many different types of multi-dimensions NMR experiments in combination with selective labeling of certain atoms in the protein so that we observe fewer resonances at once in an NMR spectrum. In my past research I worked on the protein responsible for the Huntington disease.

[@Dina_Aissiou]

Thank you so much! This was easy to understand

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

Thanks for watching! I'm so happy to hear you found it easy to understand! 🙂

[@fatemaalshamsi9247]

I would love to learn more about the applications of NMR in the field of food, where maybe the application of NMR can help in determining how different people react to these foods based on the breakdown that the application of NMR provides.

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

There's so much research done on food using NMR - from quality control to determining the purity, to analyzing the chemical components, even screening for false labeling, or using MRI for imaging of fruits and vegetables: www.clovisopenmri.com/blog/512

[@olesya4572]

amazing video! thank you

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

Thank you!

[@hanzallausman5299]

Through this video I learned that NMR is a very powerful technique of analysis of organic compounds. I would love to learn more about its application in the analysis of food. Being a foodie, it is very important for me to balance my diet in a way that is both healthy and tasty. I think through NMR, we can identify compounds in food which my not be beneficial to humans thus providing me an in-depth analysis of what I'm eating. Furthermore, the use of NMR in the food science industry would benefit consumers by analyzing the safety of food products before they are launched in the market. Food is a very important part of everyday life and I would love to learn about it as an application of NMR.

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

When it comes to food, NMR seems to be very useful for the metabolic profiling of food. Here's a link to a paper that talks about this: experiments.springernature.com/articles/10.1007/978-1-4939-7643-0_14#:~:text=Nuclear%20Magnetic%20Resonance%20Metabonomics&text=nonpolar%20metabolites%20in-,NMR%20spectroscopy%20has%20become%20an%20indispensable%20tool%20for%20the,of%20foods%20and%20food%20products.&text=%2C%20honey)%20foods.-,Although%20the%20diversity%20of%20foods%20precludes%20the%20use%20of%20a,a%20broader%20range%20of%20foodstuffs.

[@ansenzhi-hanlai6407]

The NMR Application that I would like to learn more about is the study of degradation of objects of cultural heritage using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. In the video, we learned how NMR can be used to determine the chemical composition and chemical environments within samples by observing magnetic fields around atoms. I think it would be interesting to learn more about what kind of molecular changes and chemical environmental phases an object goes through during degradation. For instance, is there a specific order or pattern of changes in chemical structure, state, or properties a substance goes through during degradation that we can analyze using NMR? And what clues from NMR will let us know how old an object is? It would also be nice if we could see some historical examples in which NMR helped mark the age or era of the sample.

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

We can use NMR to look at the chemical composition and local atomic environment with we use NMR spectroscopy. We'll talk more about the degradation of heritage and historical objects when we look at case studies of mobile NMR because we prefer to use mobile NMR when it comes to cultural heritage because mobile NMR is non-invasive and, as much as possible we prefer not to remove samples for heritage objects for experiments. Unfortunately we can't tell the exact age of an object using mobile NMR, but we can identify signs of aging and sometimes say the relative age of an object with respect to another one.

[@hazemlashen1089]

I am really interested in the application of NMR in relation to energy. Especially since energy and energy storage are very important scientific fields, and any advancement in this field could bring about a cascade of breakthroughs in other technological fields.

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

Energy materials is a very important field of research. Here's an example of NMR research in this area from a research group at NYUNY: www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-04192-x

[@liaqatali7917]

Thanks great learning video

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

Thank you! I'm glad you liked it!

[@xunuohuang3068]

thanks for the video

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

Thanks for watching!

[@raynali6098]

Among the applications of NMR mentioned in this video, I am most interested in knowing more about how this technology is used to study the human body and human behaviour. The MRI scanner is often used in psychological experiments, and it has yielded many insights about the brain. I wonder if this technology can be applied to the study of other body parts such as joints, which are incredibly complex in their structure and especially relevant to our daily lives.

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

Yes, MRI can definitely be applied for the study of body parts and you can get really nice images of of the body using the MRI scanner. As for the brain, you can get the anatomical structure of the brain imaged by MRI, and using the same scanner, just different NMR experiments you can do the functional MRI and look at brain activity. Truly fascinating!

[@denatasterephrem]

I would really like to see how NMR can be used in determining different changes in the brain to detect different mental illnesses. Although some might not be reflected on the NMR, it would be really interesting to see if there is a difference in NMR reading between for instance a stressed and relaxed brain.

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

You can definitely see that using functional MRI as different areas of the brain light up when you're stressed compared to when you're relaxed. Here's an interesting article about fMRI on meditators: news.wisc.edu/meditation-affects-brain-networks-differently-in-long-term-meditators-and-novices/

[@ahmetozdemir7173]

Thanks for information. If no pulse is applied, won't the protons rotating in the magnetic field emit any frequency?

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

I think you're referring to NMR spin-noise, where you can acquire experiments in magnetic fields without the application of rf pulses. I've never used this method in my experiments, so I'm not familiar with the details, but if you want to learn more about it, here's an article explaining nuclear spin noise: www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.0601743103

[@ahmetozdemir7173]

@@MariaBaiasHeritage thanks a lot.

[@atta-ul-mustafazain9693]

You did really Great.........! I would like to knew about how to interpret the decoupled NMR spectrum in our research work?

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

Thank you! For more NMR specialized videos and information I recommend the Ampere NMR KZbin channel, they are more focused on NMR experiments. Here's the link: kzbin.info/door/E1IlXjIIorZKchjvd3Vtng I hope you find this helpful.

[@atta-ul-mustafazain9693]

@@MariaBaiasHeritage thanks for the valuable information ✨

[@dr.deepakkumar9626]

Excellent initiative ma'am..

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

Thank you!

[@chaeminkim1561]

I would like to learn more about the usage of the NMR magnet as it was compared to the MRI, which is famously known to many people. Even though it requires very costly materials make use of, would it be distributed in many parts of the world? Also, I specifically want to know whether Helium cannot be replaced with other elements that also keep its aqueous state in the environment the Helium atoms are placed in.

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

You can find NMR magnets in many parts of the worlds, lots of universities have NMR magnets for research and different companies working in materials research, pharmaceuticals and other R&D also have NMR magnets. Helium is required for the big magnets to keep the magnet cool because what we call the magnet is a large superconducting coil and it only creates the magnetic field as long as the material is superconducting and the material is superconducting at ver low temperatures. This is why it is kept in liquid helium because the temperature of liquid helium is 4.2 K (-269 °C). There are ways to reduce the amount of liquid helium needed, and the newer magnets use this technology of helium reliquefaction. You still need helium, but you don't need to refill the magnet that often.

[@ana-mariaradu8227]

I would really want to know more about the applications of NMR in the field of cosmetics, maybe if it's possible to determine which cosmetic products are recommended to use depending on one's allergies.

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

NMR is very useful in cosmetics as it can be used to study the composition of cosmetics and once you know the composition you can develop improved and safer cosmetics.

[@ammarroshidy2584]

Good video, one question, what is a 1,2GHz. NMR doing outside in the field? Or is it a model, as it feels like it's small for a 1.2

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

Thank you! That's a very good question!! I'd been waiting for soemeoe to ask why that magnet is out in the field.😄 That 1.2 GHz was at the EUROMAR/ISMAR conference in Berlin 2019 when Bruker first announced the world’s first 1.2 GHz high-resolution, protein nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data, and they were showcasing the magnet at the conference.

[@onderozenc4470]

Can you also give information about the MR techniques of particles such as electrons and muons used, let's say, in Fermi lab. ?

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

If you're referring to the use of magnets in the particle accelerators, and how they discover those particles, that's in the field of particle physics, and it's not my area of expertise, so I'm afraid I don't have the right background to answer your question. Maybe this video would be helpful: kzbin.info/www/bejne/aWOboapricaYnZI

[@nasrin_05]

❤

[@malsimus]

Great video. Thank you. Does this NMR device resonate any sound? Either the instrument itself or any equipment used to operate it? A cooling system? I live across the street from a new science building at the local college. After installing an NMR , I hear a continuous humming/droning sound 24/7 from that structure.

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

Thank you! I'm happy to hear you liked it. There are certain sounds that are coming from the NMR system, like the gradients in imaging systems, but you would only hear those inside the lab and some newer versions of the magnets have a cooling system, but I've never heard of one that would be so loud you would hear it across the street. Maybe it's something else that's making the noise.

[@malsimus]

@@MariaBaiasHeritage thank you!!!

[@samreenkousarsam4863]

Excellent ma'am

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

Thank you!

[@jeddaaah]

I recommend beginners to learn about the first dimension NMR and focus on H-NMR.. lean about TMS, the downfield and upfield.. learn about the basic maintenance and when to fill the liquid nitrogen and helium.. again it's liquid not gas.. hmm I can talk on and on but don't want people to get confused..

[@pranavpp9313]

could you can do a video about NMR blood flow meter

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

Since my channel is dedicated to cultural heritage, I only presented the science relevant to study cultural heritage objects. But I found this other video on KZbin that deals with Blood Flow and Diffusion in MRI: kzbin.info/www/bejne/kJyuZmmqhbasbpY. I hope you'll find that helpful.

[@pranavpp9313]

@@MariaBaiasHeritage thank you

[@princetongirl1697]

Dr. Maria can you please explain NMR application in biology ( DNA , RNA ,... ) ?

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

NMR is very useful in biology because of its capability in determining structure and dynamics of biologically-relevant molecules. There are different NMR experiments (both in solid-state NMR and in solution-state NMR) that can be used specifically for structural assignments. These experiments in combination with certain software are used to perform sequential assignments of peaks from NMR spectra (but you need a combination of different sets of NMR experiments) and then that sequential assignment can be used in combination with additional software to predict 3D structures of complex molecules. Similarly, for dynamics you can use other sets of NMR experiments and if you combine them with computational programs you can reveal quite detailed information on the dynamics of certain groups in the molecule (or even full molecule if you also run some molecular dynamics simulations). This is only a very brief overview of what you can do with NMR in biology, but if you're interested in this topic, I highly recommend the ICMRBS KZbin channel (kzbin.info/door/sxup-QiNEeBrfo-4d5w33Qfeatured) which is focused on studying biological systems with NMR. Hope this helps!

[@princetongirl1697]

@@MariaBaiasHeritage You can not imagine how thankful I am right now ! Thank you 💓!

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

@@princetongirl1697 Happy to be of help!

[@andrelbbs1]

Hi Maria Baia, where you from? Great vídeo.

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

Thank you, I'm glad you enjoyed the video. I'm originally from Romania.

[@andrelbbs1]

@@MariaBaiasHeritage Thank you. You Have pós Doc position? Thanks I Work with NMR

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

@@andrelbbs1 I don't have any available positions. I hope you manage to find a good NMR position.

[@stjackisback1k968]

Want to know about yourself about your study, joyful life with family members..how all thats are balancing or you can balance that???

[@jbsharma9766]

C13 have 7 neutrons. that means it has 1 unpaird neutron. its has half spin but has no charge so then will it behave like tiny magnet? will it interact with magnetic field? why net spin of neutron too is nmr active?? please reply respect teacher.

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

I'm not sure I understand your question. Can you please clarify?

[@jbsharma9766]

i mean what is the reason for C13 to interact with applied magnetic field. we know In case of HNMR , hydrogen has 1 proton, proton is charged particle with spin but in C13 6 proton are paired ( spin cancel) the net spin is only from neutron( as 7 neutron is present), however nuetron is chargeless particle. if it is neutral particle then how will be activate towards applied magnetic field? why is it NMR active?

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

It's not related to neutrons, just the protons, and the protons don't cancel each other.

[@jbsharma9766]

@@MariaBaiasHeritage then what would be the net spin of proton maam?

[@mrur1663]

Good question nice to see this type of question

[@aaaaa-yv1zr]

I think mass spectrometry is even more useful than NMR.

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

For sure, mass spectrometry is a great analytical tool. I think each tool has its strengths and it's best when we can combine them so we get a complete analysis.

[@igbalamoses2673]

I want to know more about low field NMR

[@MariaBaiasHeritage]

Low-field NMR is a very useful tool. Here's a video I made where I explain some of the experiments we can record using low-field NMR using the NMR-MOUSE: kzbin.info/www/bejne/nZW4d3-rZ8uAqLs , but there are other low-field NMR instruments that allow for even more NMR experiments in low magnetic fields, including spectroscopy.

[@maheshiwijesinghe7639]

❤