DNA and RNA - Transcription

#RNAtranscription #mRNA #RNA
SCIENCE ANIMATION TRANSCRIPT: Now, that we've covered DNA replication, let's talk about Transcription. The first thing you need to know is that transcription has nothing to do with cell replication processes, such as DNA replication, mitosis, or cell division. So what is transcription and why is it necessary? Well, transcription is the first step in the process of using the genetic code in DNA to synthesize or build all the different proteins in your body. One problem with synthesizing these proteins is that the instructions for making them are in the DNA, which is located inside the nucleus. But the place proteins are always made is outside the nucleus, either in the ribosomes floating in the cytoplasm, or in the ribosomes embedded in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. So, how does the genetic code for synthesizing proteins get from the DNA to the ribosome? DNA uses a messenger called messenger RNA or mRNA to carry the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome. The process of building this messenger RNA is called Transcription. Now, let's see how transcription happens. Transcription begins when an enzyme called RNA polymerase attaches to a segment of DNA called a gene. A gene contains the code to build a specific protein, which is a macromolecule made up of a sequence of amino acids in a specific order. And within a gene, the specific order of nitrogenous bases dictates the order of amino acids that will make up the protein. Each group of three consecutive bases in the gene is actually a code for a particular amino acid. As a result, each group is referred to as a codon. RNA polymerase causes a particular area of the DNA helix to unwind and separate into two strands. One of the strands, often called the template strand, is the side of DNA that is read or transcribed by the messenger RNA. The other strand of DNA, often called the non-template strand, isn't transcribed by the messenger RNA. So how are DNA instructions transcribed into messenger RNA? Well, using the template strand as a guide, RNA polymerase uses the base pair rule to assemble free nucleotides in the nucleus into a complementary strand of RNA. For example, RNA polymerase reads the DNA base thymine on the template strand then binds it to a free nucleotide containing adenine. This process continues with cytosine binding to guanine and guanine binding with cytosine. Remember though, RNA will never contain thymine. So, whenever RNA polymerase sees adenine on the DNA template strand, it pairs adenine with uracil. By using the template strand of DNA as a guide, the genetic code from the non-template strand of DNA has actually been transcribed into messenger RNA. When transcription is complete, the messenger RNA, which is small enough to fit through a nuclear pore, takes the genetic code out of the nucleus to the ribosome, the site of protein synthesis. The process of actually building the protein at the ribosome is called Translation, which we'll cover in a separate video. To summarize, transcription is the process of transcribing or copying the genetic code for building a protein into messenger RNA. A gene is a segment of DNA containing the instructions or code for building a protein. A codon is a group of three consecutive nitrogenous bases in a gene containing the code for a specific amino acid in a protein. RNA polymerase unwinds the strands of DNA in a gene. The template DNA strand contains the complementary bases that need to be read to generate messenger RNA. The base pair rule is followed when assembling messenger RNA. Messenger RNA is actually a copy of the DNA non-template strand with uracil substituted for thymine.
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احب أهنئك علا هاذة الشرح الجميل المفصل شرح سريع وباقل وقت وهاذي الي جنت محتاجتة شكراً جزيلاً لك 😊

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[@assassin_0147]

Great video. One small thing you missed is that the mRNA formed through transcription receieves a cap of 7-methylguanosine and tail recieves poly-A at the end of the process to protect it from nuclease and phosphatase enzymes in the cytoplasm, after which it goes for translation by ribosomes and tRNA

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I teach HS biology for 23 years now, and have used many average to good videos (low complexity) about this process, but his one in now the Best! Thank you for making it (and the DNA one). Are you going to create the Translation one (like I think you mentioned)?

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Where is translation

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this is so useful that it needs a translation. Good job with the video

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This video is helpful to use in my class. Do you have a separate Translation video as well?

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I can't seem to find the vidoe of Translation here in this channel. Please help

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Thank you very. Please provide DNA TRANSLATION as you promised in this video. God bless you

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Do you have separate video for translation?

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@ Nucleus Biology, I want to ask that if uracil comes in place of thyamine in transcription process, does it not affect the code?

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I would love to use this video to help reinforce this content when I teach to my classroom, but you've made your video unavailable off of KZbin! So sad...

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Thank you so much but please talk more about genetic code 🙏

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Hey, I am waiting for the translation video🙋🏻‍♂️

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Please make a video on bioenergetics, enzymes.... please

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Love the simple explanation. DNA translation please😊

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Isn't there a video from the same collection about protein translation?

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What are the green globs that are carrying the codons?

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I was scanning all your videos to find translation but there's none :(

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All these processes are present identically in some properties of the numbers systems

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The non-template strand is the one complementary to the RNA oo

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Nice and informative video but what we have learnt that the enzyme Helicase is responsable for the unwinding of DNA double helix.

[@2023anac]

that is for DNA replication

[@lanem455]

U said at 2:36 that the template strand is the one being transcribed then at 5:25 u said that mRNA is a copy of the non-template strand how come?

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thanks 0:10

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Please upload the animation of translation and translocation

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Oh sir, it's been six months, not a single video came, did you all sleep??