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In 2008, civilian rule was reinstated after years of military dominance. The Pakistan People's Party (PPP) assumed power, led by Asif Ali Zardari, following the exit of President Musharraf in 2008. Zardari's handling of the transition after Benazir Bhutto's assassination demonstrated sound political acumen.
A landmark moment came in 2010 when the parliament, under the PPP coalition government, unanimously passed the 18th Amendment. This constitutional change marked a reversal of power dynamics, transferring authority from the president to the prime minister, thereby restoring a more parliamentary form of government. It also saw the removal of the military's influence, notably through the removal of Zia-ul-Haq's name from the constitution and the abolition of the concurrent list of subjects, enhancing provincial autonomy.
Even though Pakistan marked its first democratic transition in 2013, the complexity of Pakistan's political landscape has deepened, punctuated by the enduring influence of the military in shaping foreign and defense policies, as well as internal security matters. Despite these hurdles, there is optimism for Pakistan's future. Growing dissent against religious extremism and a desire for civilian-led governance are evident, as reflected in societal shifts and cultural expressions. However, the road to a stable democracy remains fraught with challenges, requiring a more democratic balance between civil and military powers.
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