Why Only 3 Companies Make America's Insulin

[@CELLPERSPECTIVE]

"Insulin does not belong to me, it belongs to the world" Well that turned out differently than expected

[@bradkubota6968]

Not really. It's expensive enough with the 3 suppliers. With only ONE! It would be brutal. The high cost in the U.S. is more a result of Drug Company Lobby. 1/6 the price in Canada per PEN. You are getting screwed.

[@lynpotter6471]

@@bradkubota6968 It's expensive because it is made and sold for profit. The number of suppliers only matters if we accept the premise that it must be a for-profit enterprise. The difference between the US and Canadian prices is a good example of this: it exists not because they sell at a loss in Canada, but because they aren't allowed to screw people as hard as in the US. If there was no need to screw people in the first place, the price could be even lower.

[@PatKellyTeaches]

These insulin videos have undergone some of the most rigorous fact-checking of any of my videos. Big thanks to Dr. Christopher Rutty from Sanofi Pasteur Archives (formerly Connaught!) for his expertise! And thank you to my Patrons who support my work!

[@allangibson8494]

Hoechst should be pronounced “Herkst” (based on what I got told while working for them in the 1980’s). (BTW the logo is based on the clock tower in the original factory in Hoechst, Germany).

[@aloysiusdevadanderabercrombie8]

@allangibson8494 The "Herkst" pronunciation works best if you're British because the British "er" is pronounced /ɜː/ which is very similar to the German "oe" which is pronounced /œ/. Americans still use their "er" pronunciation (/ə˞/) but it sounds mega goofy. I'd recommend an American pronounce it "huhkst" because the /ə/ vowel is our closest sounding vowel to /œ/.

[@xxNoFreeWillxx]

Excellent video, congrats to you and your team for this in-depth and fascinating series!

[@ameliamos]

I had never heard of Eli Lilly before and i started watching this video. I then opened an email from my university about internships and the first company on there was Eli Lilly!

[@PatKellyTeaches]

Hah! What a coincidence! They are indeed a much bigger company than I could get into in this video. Insulin may have been their breakout product, but they're also the inventors of drugs like Prozac

[@PixelatedLlama]

@@PatKellyTeaches Eli Lilly is now the most valuable pharma company in the world. They've found a lot of success with diabetes/weight loss GLP-1 agonists and Alzheimers meds. Their valuation is nearing $1T territory, up there with the darlings of big tech & big oil. Lots of Eli Lilly employees here in Indianapolis - their HQ city - getting RICH.

[@CRneu]

You have almost certainly heard of them but not retained the name. It's basically impossible to not have heard of Eli Lilly in today's modern world, even outside of the US. It's like when you buy a certain kind of car and suddenly start noticing that car all over the place.

[@refindoazhar1507]

​@@CRneui also never heard about Eli Lilly until i watched this channel, then i realized that quite a few of drug brochures lying around in my house is by them.

[@dannymac6368]

They love killing pets! Good luck!

[@jeremy7934]

Learning that Novo Nordisk originates from two companies named Novo and Nordisk who hated each other and competed on insulin is such a compelling love story -- the two set aside their differences to find a way to squeeze even more money out of diabetics AND off-label label use for weight loss. A modern day Romeo and Juliet

[@belisarius6949]

Are you american? At least here in Austria it isnt expensive

[@jeremy7934]

@@belisarius6949 I am American - yes, unfortunately, where Ozempic's list price is $936 per Peterson-KFF. Funny enough - they don't have the data for Austria, but there is a recent court case in Austria where sellers of counterfeit Ozempic were caught charging 205 € ($222). For Austria's neighbors, the aforementioned data claimed it's $103 for Germany and $144 for Switzerland. I don't know how that compares to other diabetes medications (Google says insulin straight up free in Austria), but in short - yes the U.S. Healthcare system is not very good.

[@louiel8711]

@@belisarius6949 In the us it runs between $250 - $325 a month with insurance

[@retard4582]

Because they aren’t allowed to sell it at those prices. They sell to US at crazy prices.

[@skippymaster57]

@@belisarius6949 You can usually tell, when there are complaints about the cost of Healthcare. From the "Greatest country on Earth". So much so, that they are happy, and celebrate the opportunity to pay RRP for everything.

[@NickHammer99]

Whenever I see a Patrick Kelly video in my sub box my day gets better

[@PatKellyTeaches]

Whenever I see nice comments from usernames I recognize, so do I

[@ecocodex4431]

"Eli Lilly was an ethical drug company that cared about making people better and focusing on the efficacy of drugs on the market..... until the paper slips started to go down in value, so they HAD to put profits and income above all else. 🤷‍♀ "

[@PatKellyTeaches]

Remember though, the term _ethical drug_ had a distinct definition at the end of the 19th century. I go into more depth in my video about drug patents from a few months ago

[@DG-mk7kd]

the pursuit of those slips of paper did more to increase effectiveness and reduce cost than centuries of altruism

[@mcs131313]

Do you understand how drug development is funded?

[@charlizard_762]

This is one of the channels I watch that continuously surprises me that it's not at 1M+ subscribers. I love the content!

[@ketsuekikumori9145]

On the flip side, you get to watch a channel grow and know that it has earned and deserves every single sub.

[@PatKellyTeaches]

@@charlizard_762 I appreciate that. Thank you!

[@dividebyzero1000]

My mother was on it daily for sixty years. So grateful for the newer versions and better treatment options.

[@Haliotro]

There is no better option. All forms of insulin are at least daily.

[@dividebyzero1000]

@@Haliotro Daily insulin was not what I meant. The modern forms of insulin don't have as many side effects. The syringes have tiny, less painful needles, management tools like blood glucose monitors, emergency sugar injections, etc make a huge difference. When you are 13, alone with your Mom and find her unconscious on the floor, not having stuff like that makes for a terrifying experience.

[@psxtuneservice]

​@@HaliotroI think there are implanted automatic pumps

[@puellanivis]

@@psxtuneservice They are not implanted, they have a tube that you insert into a subcutaneous area. The actual pump itself remains distinctly not implanted (notably it needs to be filled regularly as well). And while it is not “multiple daily injections” as a therapy, it’s essentially _continuous_ daily injections. There’s also a whole separate set of concerns and things to watch out for since if the tube clogs, or is crimped or otherwise impaired, you can end up in a zero insulin state quite easily without knowing. Basically, however you’re getting your exogenous insulin, it needs to be carefully tracked and monitored. Only the β-cell replacement therapy removes essentially all monitoring and tracking.

[@maxmuenchow]

As a pharmacist I really appreciate your videos. So informative for a field I know so much (yet so little) about. Keep on doing them!

[@PatKellyTeaches]

I always love hearing that folks within the profession appreciate the videos! I’ve only taken a few Pharm classes, and I worry I’m going to misrepresent something

[@dianapennepacker6854]

Do you beleive in Dr. Mike Israetel that we are essentially in a stone age of pharmacology, and we will have drugs that can do insane things with no downsides? From muscle and limb growth, cure aging, and everything in between? Maybe a drug that stops withdrawals.

[@m00fc4t3]

for the life of me i cannot understand why on earth your channel doesn’t have more attention. this is some high quality educational content right here!!!

[@nnkk7742]

The algorithm just brought me here. I had to watch a fringe financial video on regulations to get the recommendation.

[@jevonp]

I’m a new sub, but I wanted to tell you how much I appreciate these videos being unmonetized and well researched by a guy who KNOWS HIS STUFF. God I would’ve loved watching videos like these in school. You’re a beast!

[@PatKellyTeaches]

@@jevonp why thank you! To clarify, the videos are still monetized in the sense that I run automated ads on them, and I make money from Patreon. But no sponsors! Most of the sponsorship offers i get would be conflicts of interest.

[@mamulju]

i just absolutely love how you present things! you're so well spoken of course, but the way you put things forward is friendly and fun, so listening to all this information doesn't feel like sitting in a classroom. the research and work that goes into every video is evident, thank you (and to the other people working on these) for your hard work!

[@iulioh]

This level of research...wow.

[@PatKellyTeaches]

Trying my best! I still make mistakes, but hopefully I can show people evidence of work!

[@iulioh]

@@PatKellyTeaches Just dropping an idea but i hope in a tuberculosis deep dive or series in collaboration with John Green His knowledge and your video production and historical research would make a perfect combo :)

[@PatKellyTeaches]

That would be incredible. John has been one of my favorite authors and KZbinrs for close to a decade now.

[@HelgaCavoli]

I'm SO glad I live in Brazil and our Constitution says health is one of the basic rights of a person. ❤🙏🏽🇧🇷

[@greghight954]

I worked in Puerto Rico after it got slammed by hurricanes and was in contact with all the pharmaceutical companies there. The one company making insulin there was struggling getting their line going and other companies were watching it close because they were going to have to step in to pick up the slack. They didn’t WANT to because they said it would be a huge loss for them but it was a main source of insulin and they all agreed they couldn’t let it happen. I was amazed by the amount of pharma production in Puerto Rico.

[@chelseatappa284]

I feel like you left us on a cliff hanger, man! Cant wait for the next video!

[@dr.feelicks2051]

In my initial grade 9 history class my teacher put booklets of famous Canadians lined up across the blackboards. We were told to pick one and hand in an essay on said Canadian by christmas. I chose, randomly, Fredrick Banting(Sir). I was an athletic healthy individual of normal weight. I didn’t begin reading the booklet until November. Now here’s the weird part- as I read the story I learned of the symptoms of diabetes, during this time I began to become thirsty, lose weight, and wet the bed. By mid December it was a problem that needed attention my bloodwork pegged me at 20mmol/l. I finished the project the day before i was admitted to hospital for diabetic training. Thanks Fred and co.✌️

[@eduardotrillaud696]

You're golden, Patrick! Your videos are waited as one would've waited next House MD season when it was aired first time!

[@CleverestWitch2188]

As someone who's diabetic, this is super interesting. Can't wait for your next video about this topic.

[@titm4314]

Takk!

[@curiousfirely]

Thanks for this great background! My life runs on Eli Lily insulin, and love knowing the history.

[@SillySandgroper7076]

Some interesting bits in here for me: I did not know that the actrapid brand has existed for as long as it has - it is still used as the label on human insulin/R for novo nordisk. Your research and presentation on the scale up and technological improvements is fascinating - and it makes it even more mind boggling the progress over the next 30 years which you'll be covering in the next video. I know this series is focused on insulin and the drugs themselves but I hope you take a minute to talk about diabetes management and how it has evolved: 1. The improving ease of home/personal blood glucose measurement has been revolutionary over the last 20 years with CGMs (I was on the first trial in my country of a CGM in 1998 - you used to have to shower with it on, and it was woefully inaccurate). I think there were at-home urine boiling kits used in the 1960s before the indicator strips became more commonplace and finally the glucose oxidase & oxygen electrode home sensors since the 1980s. 2. The law of diminishing returns as insulin in its current packaging gets more and more optimised - in countries that have socialised medicine subsidisation, healthcare economics has become much more in to play while these companies have come out with ever cleverer insulins and wanted more money. Recently in Australia, novo nordisk played hardball on pricing for fiasp (arguably slightly faster than standard aspart), and the government walked away, taking the view that humalog and novorapid are good enough - after around 6 months it was added back to the scheme (the rumour was they wanted around 10x the price of standard novorapid/aspart).

[@kaiwang5223]

Why is this channel so underrated? Coming from a software developer this content is amazing and knowledgeable. A walk through medical history.

[@travis2223]

I absolutley love content like this, I'd watch it over TV any day. Keep up the great work and thank you for doing what you do!

[@martinperales3531]

Great as allways, the next video is meant to be my favourite of them all

[@PatKellyTeaches]

Thank you! As someone who lives in the area where the story takes place, I'm extra excited to make it

[@DavidJamesHenry]

These videos are so perfect to scratch that love of learning itch

[@katelynt1555]

Patrick I love your videos! They are always so well researched; it really shocks me this channel isn't more popular. As a biochemist/molecular biologist who wants to work in biotechnology or drug discovery, the history behind drug discovery and drug development is so interesting! It's really amazing to hear the way science used to be done, and I know next video will probably involve techniques I actually know!

[@SanchoPanza-wg5xf]

Be careful what you wish for. Once a good channel gets too popular it is at risk of becoming a business and losing its charm. I've seen too many channels like this go from one-man shows to heavily monetized while the owner rests on his laurels and promotes merchandise.

[@JoyTheLazyCatLady]

These are very well done videos and have great content. I don't know why you don't have more subscribers. 🤷🏻‍♀️ Great episode. Thank you! ✌🏻💙💊

[@waikanaebeach]

Patrick, your video is an excellent research historical analysis. Great work.

[@scottparker1741]

Criminally undersubbed channel - fantastic work as always!

[@loraawalker3618]

Just stumbled across this channel and I have to thank you. As a t1 diabetic for over 35 years, I have used insulins from all 3 companies. I count myself lucky for having only ever been exposed to human insulin. It's fascinating to learn how the different formulations came about and I look forward to your coverage of recombinant DNA processes. I like telling people I owe my life to genetically modified organisms.

[@eetuthereindeer6671]

Did you get diabetes from birth or from something?

[@loraawalker3618]

@eetuthereindeer6671 Or something. I got it as a young adult after a bout of flu. There's a a strong family history of the disease, so I would guess I carry genes for autoimmunity because I also have celiac disease. My mom has rheumatoid arthritis and my dad has some weird thyroid thing.

[@aang7505]

Excellent video! I wish they taught this information in medical school

[@AppliedCryogenics]

Finding this channel made me realize I'd been missing out on some fascinating aspects of early industrial history.

[@adrianopaparoni5584]

You make some of the most rewatchable videos on youtube.

[@derekcampbell9635]

Thanks!

[@PatKellyTeaches]

That's really nice of you, thank you for watching!

[@puellanivis]

So interesting learning about the history of the drug that keeps me alive. :) I’m happy to have benefited from the century of development ahead of my diagnosis. Even the most modern versions are quite the pain to track and monitor, I can only imagine what it would have been like even 30 years ago.

[@notreallydavid]

Great video -:fascinating story very well told. I'm British, but I lived in Indianapolis for six months, and Lilly and Clewes have their names all over Indy-things. One alumnus, two alumni. Please kick me, and all best.

[@oska0790]

Love these videos Patrick!

[@catfaerie]

I love your stuff. It's always really interesting served with a dash of humor.

[@CISCO_EGYPT]

Such an amazing video! Can't wait for the next video about recombinant tech insulin

[@Care2WorldBuild]

It scares me to think how I would have survived in each of those decades or the complications that would have resulted. Yet, even I came into the issue at Regular and NPH. I wonder how much better life would have been if I was taught about Lente variants. Thankfully today there are such advancements as Fiasp to Tresiba, which I find way better than Lilly's offerings. Insurance sometimes battles for their choices which I don't think should be made in their offices. I am thankful for the advancements of Novo-Nordisk and their efforts for moving things forward while the USA only moves sometimes if there is a profit. I am so thankful for the Canadians and the University of Toronto who had an insulin committee to help the world.

[@미리링-b7d]

Great! Really looking forward to your next video!

[@dieselhead24]

Looking forward to the next one Patrick about humanization!!

[@DB78888]

So hyped for the next video!

[@alvinyakatori3909]

Just subscribed. Your production quality is amazing and you should have way more subscribers.

[@blazer8451]

Been here from the beginning love the videos

[@andreforcier97]

Very cool… even more so for me, I’ve been a patient at TGH since 1997, which could’ve easily been my last year if not for the docs there! 👍✌️🍻

[@nazzkid23]

Fantastic video! Very excited for the next one too! 🎉

[@jensolefrandsen5479]

I can't wait for the continuation ...

[@Т1000-м1и]

This guy earned our respect

[@lunkel8108]

21:07 That structure is clearly not a protein. It looked like a beta-lactam antibiotic to me and a pubchem search for the structure revealed it to actually be the drug sulbactam (which itself isn't a beta-lactam antibiotic but rather blocks their degradation by bacteria). How did that sneak in there?

[@PatKellyTeaches]

Hmm, thanks for bringing this to my attention. I based it on a GuideChem illustration of protamine sulfate, so you're probably correct. Let me check my references

[@lunkel8108]

​@@PatKellyTeaches Regardless of a small mistake like that, another great video! I'm really looking forward to the next one, the success of recombinant insulin has always been a really cool story to me as an aspiring biochemist (I'm currently hoping my own recombinant cell line grows nicely over the weekend!)

[@andrewradford3953]

Looking forward to the next episode.

[@ruihe8562]

Super informative. Thank you Patrick!!

[@AG-fs8yn]

I wish this INCREDIBLE discovery was better known in its time!

[@escha_b]

Damnit I don’t want to wait for the next video Patrick Kelly!!

[@PatKellyTeaches]

I'm sorry! I can only write so fast!

[@escha_b]

@ haha I know! The time and effort you put into every single one of your videos is unmatched. You have no idea how much joy it brings me.

[@kostaspramatias320]

Great stuff. Looking forward to the next episode about bio synthesized insulin identical to human insulin.

[@BloodNote]

I never subbed to this channel but somehow I am... Not complaining because now I'm into this and fine with staying. This is my type of content. 😅❤ I'm just confused how I got here. 😂 😂 😂

[@Nenenrnenever]

Love your videos.

[@PatKellyTeaches]

Thank you!

[@colinknight7966]

Excellent video as usual, thank you

[@ryankassel5691]

Great video. Quick question, what’s your microphone setup? It sounds great

[@PatKellyTeaches]

Thank you! Rode shotgun microphone hooked up to a Zoom H4n recorder. It requires syncing with the in-camera audio track in editing, but I like the quality!

[@ryankassel5691]

@ thanks!

[@ommhatre3645]

I would love to see a video on fungal diseases and anti fungals with anti fungal resistance as a topic🛐

[@xavierlarrazabal4575]

Love these insulin videos

[@yasmeen8882]

I love your videos and the effort in research and visuals that goes into them! I was wondering if you're ever planning on making a video on the history of DNA? Not just Watson and Crick's (and Rosalind Franklin!) structure, but also about the genetic code and more about its biochemistry :)

[@PatKellyTeaches]

Thank you! I probably won't make one on the history of DNA, since I tend to focus on drugs and diseases, but the history of more fundamental research is always fascinating. I totally agree with you, going beyond Great Man History and into the nuance

[@yasmeen8882]

@@PatKellyTeaches oh its alright :P keep doing what you do!

[@Relesy]

Ahhhhh oh my god I’m so excited for the biotech video haha, such a cool topic.

[@Kirillissimus]

You never actually answered the question in the title. Surely at least some old patents have expired so what stops the american doctors from prescribing cheaper crude imported alternatives for those who does not have allergic reactions for example? What stops the FDA from allowing cheaper synthetic insulin from India or Russia or wherever to saturate the american market with various grades of drugs ranging from near potentless and toxic absolute trash quality to comparable or even better quality than what Novo-Nordisk makes but for a lower price and letting the patients make their choice? Let's be honest, it has nothing to do with IP or public safety agreements, it is all just corruption fueled by the insatiatable greed of the big companies who got there first.

[@inkbold8511]

China supplies 90% of generic medicines to U.S., it’s the trade war and based on your comment, you didn’t even know it was Chinese who provided this.

[@omarsaggaf]

Thank you for this great work

[@ugurdinc4696]

Hi Patrick, Thanks so much for another fantastic video! I have a quick question: What’s your major? How do you know so much about so many things?

[@PatKellyTeaches]

Thank you! My BS was in Athletic Trainer (which in the US is an allied health care profession, not like a personal trainer), and my masters was exercise physiology. Both degrees had pharmacology components, but I don’t actually *know* much about anything. I just get curious about a topic then do my best to show my work and cite my sources

[@Horticarter41]

​@@PatKellyTeachesyou are an incredible teacher. Please tell me you get to do more than gym physio testing.

[@aravindthota6701]

Sir, please make a video on research related to epilepsy or seizures.

[@impermanent-being]

Very interesting info. Thanks!

[@JamesBerard-Moore]

FANTASTIC VIDEO!!

[@EebstertheGreat]

I'm surprised that insulin was stable without any zinc and without home refrigeration. There might have already been some zinc in the extract, since without it, insulin should denature rapidly at ambient temperatures. Even rapid-acting insulin today is formulated with zinc to improve its thermal stability, yet it still goes bad within hours at around 30 C. It's one of the main barriers to creating faster-acting insulin, since it could not be used in an unrefrigerated pump. (Promising new insulins like Thermalin never materialized, unfortunately, perhaps due to difficulties in recombination.) When insulin was sold in the 1930s and 40s, many homes did not have a refrigerator, and the cold chain was not yet reliable across the country. And people were only using 10-15 units a day! How did a whole vial sit in a cupboard and not go bad?

[@mangos2888]

I bet it wasn't working as well in older vials, and people probably just felt sick from higher blood sugars. I bet the insulin didn't survive, the diabetics just had awful blood sugars.

[@jonaswox]

while german and danish may sound phonetically similar, you can almost understand nothing of one solely from knowing the other

[@NobleMarcos]

Your content is so refreshing and clean.

[@eclipsey999]

Great video!

[@ishajem515]

Great work!!

[@moth.monster]

When the words "was" and "ethical" get next to eachother you can see the problem

[@PatKellyTeaches]

I actually use the past tense there because the term "ethical drug maker" was a real distinction that doctors would've used in the 19th century. I talk about it at length in the Patents video: kzbin.info/www/bejne/pKilfKGDhLOifK8

[@full_regalia8649]

Really appreciate your videos

[@TV-8-301]

(The chemists the moment it turns out zinc slowed down absorption even more) "You're telling me I've been doing unmentionable things to fish for nothing?!"

[@PatKellyTeaches]

I laughed out loud at this

[@Idrinklight44]

Good thing we learned to change our diets back then.......

[@mangos2888]

Food was a larger % of Americans budget back then, less processed, and less seasoned. People were also naturally more active back then.

[@KPzz00]

Great video. Hope you can clarify something i didn't get. In order to protect the public and keep the innovation available at a low cost, U of T rushed to patent the medicine, in an era when drug patents were not routine, and licensed it to a single mega corporation in the US, which effectively gave them a marker advantage for half a century... How is this supposed to foster competition and cheap prices for patients? Did this not contribute to the eventual oligopolization of drug manufacturing that we deal with now, if it helped make a handful of companies very profitable?

[@Kuhesgewehr]

How does this only have a couple hundred up votes?!

[@nikevisor54]

Oh yes. Exactly what the Dr. ordered on a travel day

[@PatKellyTeaches]

30 minutes worth!

[@gabbysmith7579]

Please please please do a video about vitamins

[@PatKellyTeaches]

I have one in the works about supplement regulation, and I've got a Patreon exclusive about Vitamin C!

[@gabbysmith7579]

@ wow 🤩 thank you I’m excited to learn about them , I’ve been curious !

[@swedneck]

it's absolutely nuts that all countries don't have national insulin manufacturing, it's such a widely needed medicine that is so cheap to make that it ought to be an obvious thing..

[@EricAnimeFreak]

Keto Zero Carb for T2D. Just consider it or look into it, if you want to. Gluconeogenesis can be a very powerful tool.

[@photographyserena]

great video! on the theme of canadian doctors could you please do a video on norman bethune? thanks!

[@hamoodhabibiOTMI]

Beautiful video

[@PatKellyTeaches]

Thank you! Cheers!

[@TheBlueB0mber]

great video!

[@fennecfoxfanatic]

Holy cow what a cliffhanger! Also reusable needles? How safe was that?

[@arthur1670]

Dam not a weekly thing, great video

[@dmacrolens]

Amphetamine salt dose reduction time?

[@Т1000-м1и]

I will put watching this under "life experience"

[@rpinarreta]

Scientists at Connaught Medical Research Laboratories of the University of Toronto made key discoveries that enabled American medical researcher and virologist Jonas Salk to prepare the first polio vaccine. Connaught Labs also solved the problem of producing the vaccine on a large scale.

[@vhohenstein88]

Another cliffhanger! I can't wait for the history of genetic engineering.

[@yakacm]

Years ago I used to work for a pharmaceutical wholesalers in the UK, on the IT side. The computer center was in a part of Liverpool were a lot of other pharmaceutical companies had facilities. And there was one company that made insulin. This was late 80's early 90's prior to the invention of synthetic human insulin. I was told that they got the insulin from cows spleens, and my god I could believe it, as the place stank. I have no way to describe the smell, apart from it was awful, it's something I'd never smelled before or since. Many a morning walking to work with a hangover, already feeling delicate, once I smelled that stink I'd have to find a bush to vomit in to, lol.

[@tapiolankiira1968]

Amazing quaity, I hope You know, that You are made for success

[@Wellokayig]

When can we expect the next release? ☺

[@PatKellyTeaches]

January of 2025. I’m a school teacher, so after finals, I’ll have a little time to work on the next video

[@Wellokayig]

​@@PatKellyTeaches Thanks so much! I can't wait. 😊 Have a happy holidays and good finals!!!

[@jljordan1]

I noticed recently at our hospital we started using lispro and lantus instead of novolog and levemir. I read that novo nordisk stopped manufacturing levemir because they no longer make money from it

[@PatKellyTeaches]

I’ll cover that in the next video! It’ll start with recombinant dna tech, then end with insulin analogues

[@Anonymous-pc3qk]

21:30 LMAO you cant tease my childish humor like that. Im trying to take this seriously 😂

Hechst is named after the City Frankfurt Höchst. The second letter in both is pronounced like the Ea in Earth, the chst probably the hardest to pronounce.