Tetracycline: The Rise of Pfizer

[@PatKellyTeaches]

If you want to support my work, join my community of medical history nerds over on Patreon,. You can join at as little as $2/mo. I appreciate ya. www.patreon.com/corporis

[@altonwilliams17]

Yeah babe, Patrick Kelly is gorgeous AND intelligent.

[@lourias]

Thank you for doing deep research on things which I do not have the time to investigate.

[@danm3047]

did you like vitamania, pandora's lunch box, the red market, demon under microscope, 9 pints and the body?

[@lindaacevedo1104]

I was born in 1949 and developed a soft tissue infection that initially responded to Penicillin. Eventually, my body developed resistance to Penicillin due to the recurrent infection. I became septic and the brand-new drug Acromycine was used on me, saving my life. This is from my family's oral history.

[@beaglebeard]

Apparently KZbin and antibiotic research have something in common - needing to sift through endless piles of dirt in order to find something great. So glad I stumbled across your channel a little while back, you are my aureomycin

[@WhiteOwlOnFire_XXX]

You must be a boomer that doesn’t know how to use KZbin

[@GardenofEdens]

I will just sub because of the Word of mouth you just did. Completely understand what you said .

[@GabrielFury-mg8du]

@@GardenofEdens I agree! OP was poetic. I will also sub due to the quality of the commenters.

[@tommyvarcity2783]

Gay 😂

[@GabrielFury-mg8du]

@@tommyvarcity2783 got'eem i take it all back

[@outrageous-alex]

Excited for the next one! I worked in a Feed manufacturer in PA for a few years, they had a whole presentation on how they used to use antibiotics because it causes chickens to grow faster and healthier/bigger but now they can't so they use vitamins to try and replicate the effect.

[@PatKellyTeaches]

It's such a fascinating but frustrating history. There's equal parts business, economics, and biology to make a machine with a million moving parts

[@rossco7214]

i dont know how i ended up here on antibiotics youtube, but im just glad to know they dont pump our food full of antibiotics anymore

[@RyJones]

This explains so much. My grandfather, Lawrence R Jones, worked for CSC in Terre Haute and got tons of patents for CSC. He didn't get a patent, but a nice plaque, for figuring out how to turn what became neosporin from something that had to be prepped into a stable ointment you can sell.

[@speaklifegardenhomesteadpe8783]

Respect to your Gramps! I know the pain, my Grandpa did a bunch of work for Harris, invented some version of wireless communication and hovercraft that wasn't Commercially economical (I think Gov used it though for big craft)... He was pretty hush about most his work but he had intranet before we got the internet. I remember him checking his glowing green text on the screen of his very expensive home computer covered with a plastic dust cover when he was done. It was really cool. I overheard him and grandma kinda arguing about how she never let him get patents because they were too expensive and they couldn't afford to do it. He lamented his work being absorbed by companies who then would patent them. I wish I knew how to find what all projects he worked on. My uncle squandered what was left of their wealth after much was spent on grandma's cancer battle. We lost their home and everything in it. I really wanted his boxes of research and records but was too poor to travel states away to even attempt fighting my uncle for access. It tears my heart apart to even think much about it. First I really went into it but your the first person who I've ever seen have a similar experience! I know how I feel... and want to show my respect to your family, especially Grandpa and all the Grandpa's out there who built this nation, only to be taken advantage of by big business, while getting little thanks! 💥⚔️🦅🇺🇲 We honor your wisdom, hard work and dedication!! 😊 God bless 💯💪😎👍💯

[@dynkus]

Pharmacist here. Med Chem was my favorite part of pharmacy school, and I love hearing about the history of how our drugs were developed. Keep up the good work!

[@Citizen-5349]

Yella Pragada Subbarao was a major yet unknown figure in the development of tetracycline. Duggers succeded in his attempts after valuable insights and generous sharing of findings from SUbbarao. Yet even today subbarao remains unknown to most. Subbarao was the director of research at lederle. Most of his important works were destroyed by Fiske who also forced Subbarao into giving up credit for the isolation of Folic acid.

[@chasemcclure6163]

This was a great video. I'm a Stevens-Johnson Syndrome survivor as a child caused by an reaction to "Tetracycline" and I've always known I was allergic to it. But really had no idea what it was.

[@twylacastaneda7117]

There are A LOT of allergic reactions to other related or derived antibiotics from tetra..please talk to your doc or do some further investigation so you're aware. You're the only person who can advocate for your medical health and rights. Always ask questions. ❤❤ Health care workers are sadly undereducated or overworked and often muss stuff. Recently almost got an injection of something that I'm deadly allergic to, and it was in my chart and already told ER doc. But the nurse brought it anyway..so, just be safe ❤

[@symmetria5192]

Great video as always and I’m excited to see the next one! Recently I’ve been seeing a bunch of ads for chicken raised with zero antibiotics (Perdue, I think?) which have led to me realizing that giving antibiotics to chickens that aren’t even necessarily sick was the norm, and this made some serious antibiotic resistance alarm bells go off in my head, so it’ll be interesting to hear more about how farming practices contribute and also just learn more about the topic in general!

[@PatKellyTeaches]

Yes! It was indeed Perdue that kicked off the recent trend of big poultry farms eschewing preventative antibiotics. For the resistance video, I read a book called Big Chicken by Maryn Mckenna that discusses that move at length.

[@elnombre91]

Glad to see RBW getting mentioned, truly a legendary organic chemist.

[@PatKellyTeaches]

He came up all over the place in my reading. Penicillin? There he is. Tetracyclines? RBW back in the mix again!

[@elnombre91]

He was truly a natural product synthesis machine. The total synthesis of Vitamin B12 is probably the most bonkers feat of chemical synthesis ever achieved.

[@bread1954]

As a biology student , you videos are both informative and really interesting to watch in between my classes. Thank you for the effort you put in this videos ❤🙏

[@Anonymous-m9f9j]

Pat, you're criminally undersubscribed. I've been bingeing every video for weeks now, each one is so interesting. My favourite part? It has to be how respectful you are to the viewers time you touch on other video topics and move on without repeating all the extra stuff to push out the video length. Thanks again, excellent information.

[@PatKellyTeaches]

Thank you for mentioning that! I'm never sure if the video callouts are a letdown. Like, I don't want to withhold a good story, but I don't want to bore returning viewers. Thanks again!

[@zipsey]

Babe! Pat Kelly dropped his tetracycline video!!!! Wake up!

[@dyslexicfomo7618]

I worked a summer job 1974 at Cyanamid, Lederle Lane, Gosport UK analysing when to harvest the tetracycline from the fermenter. It was quite a fun job using a colorimeter. The place shut down some time ago. Now they wonder why there is a worldwide tetracycline shortage.

[@Leah-br6xu]

Do you know why there was there a picture of a gun on the wall in one of those pictures? 😅😂

[@jerdog8335]

I was born (my kids would say found) in 1958. I had ear infections. I had those little tubes placed in my ears. I remember that summer vividly as our family had put a pool in, and I got to watch everyone ELSE go swimming in the new pool. Traumatic for a little guy. Anyway I was put on a new wonder drug antibiotic. Teramycin. It turned my teeth yellow. At age 5 my baby teeth looked like a 5 pack a day smoker and a coffee drinker by the gallons. My adult teeth were also discolored. So I have some personal issues with Teramicin and Pfizer. Has to do with voodoo dolls.

[@Myytzlplk]

Born 1973, vividly recall getting tubes in both ears...twice 😂my ear canals are weird af apparently 😂even remember counting backwards from 100 and hitting static at 92-93. I still can't go more than a foot underwater without having my ears go whoosh. Question- can tetracycline cause similar tooth damage? My teeth are long gone, dentists always said they were pitted and wouldn't last past 30 (38), just curious as you seem knowledgeable on subject!

[@SombreroPharoah]

Voodoo dolls and Pfizer? Definitely have me intrigued. I forgot about gromits I think they're called? I wonder if they still use those.

[@hedgehog3180]

It's really interesting how all of these huge pharmaceutical companies started off mostly as small dye producers and then the coincidence of gram dying brought them all into medicine where they'd go on to become some of the biggest companies in the world.

[@PatKellyTeaches]

Right?! So many of them started before modern medicine was a thing

[@sovereignjepson5201]

Kinda like how Nokia started making paper and textiles

[@adolfstalinfranco]

Thanks!

[@lanuitbleue640]

Certified Pharmacy Technician here. I only recently found your channel and have been binge watching them. Can’t wait to see more in this series! But I’m also extremely curious about your background. Do you think you could do a video about the books on your bookshelves and the artifacts? Instruments? Pieces in your curio cabinet? I think that would be tremendously interesting!

[@scpatl4now]

I really love these videos! I just took my last dose of Doxycycline HCL for an infection. It's nice to know where it came from. I also remember when Erythromycin was a literal go-to for most bacterial upper respiratory infections

[@rey3472]

Erythromycin was the predecessor to Azithromycin. If I remember rightly, Erythromycin was a hard antibiotic to take because of the side effects and the need for multiple doses per day. I like Doxycycline due to its minimal side effects at least in me and once a day dosing. Doxycycline is probably going to be effective against the Mycoplasmal pneumonia going through the world right now. More so than Azithromycin. High incidence of mycoplasma being resistant to Azithromycin.

[@markarca6360]

It was developed by Eli Lilly and Co. from soil fungi Erythromyces from soil samples from some places in the Philippines.

[@davidsault9698]

I'm seventy years old and can follow in detail all of this only because I'm a Boomer who paid attention during the most information saturated time in human history. This is a great video. Thanks.

[@PatKellyTeaches]

Thanks for the kind words. Make sure to share those stories with any young people in your life! We (I still count myself as Young People) love hearing them

[@mmmmmmmmaria]

babe wake up another patrick kelly video dropped

[@jannmikoingelrabagogamingc6012]

As a Filipino BS Pharmacy student, I am actually quite surprised that Erythromycin was discovered by a Filipino scientist; searched it up and found that his name is Abelardo B. Aguilar. Although it was mentioned before that there was a Filipino scientist who discovered an antibacterial drug, I never knew that it was Erythromycin all along anyway hehe.

[@thysonsacclaim]

@1:50 By the way, if you're wondering why a botanist would know about fungi, it's because fungi were once categorize with plants.

[@OtavioFesoares]

Your channel is the best med history channel on KZbin.

[@PatKellyTeaches]

Appreciate that! Hopefully I'll be able to collaborate with a few more of them in 2024

[@DylanBretzJr]

I just found this channel a few weeks ago, but I’m so impressed by the quality of your research. I think it’s great how you dive deep into a subject and still convey that info in a way that someone who isn’t an expert (like myself) can understand. Great stuff Patrick! 👍

[@PatKellyTeaches]

Thank you, and credit to the authors and academics who did the hard work of documenting this stuff in the first place!

[@skamithi]

Dude you mentioned sackler and you got my attention. Can you one day make a video about the sackler /Pfizer relationship and maybe how that relates with the sackler work with opioids.

[@matthewgillam-lewis6831]

Idk how you make the history and economics of pharmacology sexy, but I’m so here for it. ✨💖✨

[@markschwartz5614]

I never thought I would be excited for a cliffhanger about the history of antibiotics. Keep up the amazing work!

[@therakshasan8547]

As a child I had Rheumatic fever . I was given Aureomycin . It saved my life , but stained my teeth yellow for life .

[@danic7181]

Youre seriously my favorite creator right now, cant wait for the next video!

[@sarahlewandowicz7696]

This has been a great series. As someone who's studying to prescribe antibiotics it's really help me gain an understanding of the nomenclature, historical context and importance of these drugs, as well as being mindful of their potential side effects. Thanks for all your hard work.

[@PatKellyTeaches]

I appreciate that! Best of luck in your studies!

[@OtavioFesoares]

I’m so ready for a video of yours on the history of quinolones (make it as long as possible, pls).

[@hughbryant898]

Thank you very much for recognizing our very own filipino scientist for the Erythromycin. Filipino scientists and doctors have always been neglected & do not usually reap the benefits for their contributions in the field of research. 🙏❤

[@PatKellyTeaches]

My pleasure. Side note, I used to teach at a majority Filipino school, and vowed to always have Tagalog subtitles on my videos

[@izenkixiron5173]

@@PatKellyTeaches I wished you explicitly named the Filipino scientist, though.

[@MandrakeFernflower]

Abelardo Aguilar Apparently the bacteria was found on a random beach by where he lived

[@ninadgadre3934]

You deserve way more views. You’re an amazing science communicator. Thank you for yet another amazing video!

[@alirazanithore9136]

"Wow, your videos are incredibly informative! As a UG pharmacy student, I can't express how much I love your content. It's been a valuable resource for me. Please keep up the great work, and I'm eagerly looking forward to your upcoming videos! 🌟"

[@Naruna-u4r]

So grateful for ur contents… keep up the good work 🤩

[@PatKellyTeaches]

I appreciate that! More videos on the way

[@lucyanncavanagh8356]

Small but rare reactions to Tetracyclines group is quite similar to Sulfate based antibiotics. Can’t even touch Doxycycline without being seriously nuked by the sunlight. Destroys your eye uv sensitivity. I practically advised my parents GP that under no circumstances should I be ever be prescribed tetracycline, including Doxycycline for urinary tract infections! My skin from top to toe turns red, blisters and peels off. It’s a rare side effect. Unfortunately I should really be wearing a medical pendant or bracelet. These medical alert devices are far too expensive and rarely update the medication/condition unless you subscribe annually. In other countries it’s quite compulsory, in the UK, NHS says that you really don’t need one. Regarding Antibiotics and Farming in general, I remember feeding the piglets with powdered feed that contained antibiotics, adult animals did get from birth to the slaughter house the antibiotics used in animal feed were just awful. Even the chickens were fed antibiotic feed and water. I think within the past 20 odd years most farmers have woken up to antibiotic resistance and is it really necessary to be using antibiotics in the human food supply today. The food industry still needs government intervention and higher than ever vigilance than before, but it is not happening since COVID. The rises in gastrointestinal infections have quadrupled since last decade. Because food processing is still in the dark ages and done on the cheap. Processing staff bosses are interested in making profits and not from higher quality sterility in a factory environment. You do hear of certain brands that continue to flout the regulations and people still buy their crappy products !

[@Idrinklight44]

Very interesting video!!! Tetracycline helped save me from a mycoplasma infection!!

[@vishalbilade4387]

Your videos keep changing my perspective towards these big pharma and medicine community as well , Huge fan of your content ,recommending to all my friends your videos, Thanks Patrik for putting all the Historical data in such an amazing story,

[@90klh]

I took minocycline for acne, for years and I think it caused me to have an autoimmune type of issue. Thank God for adapaline which was a new prescription only drug back then that really helped

[@AarronS]

Excellent video brother. Thank you for your hard work on this one.

[@brucealanwilson4121]

I had bad acne as a teenager, & they gave me tetracyclene. As a child, I had regular strep throat; as a teenager, I stopped. They told me that the tetracyclene I was taking against the acne acted as a propylaxis against the strep.

[@stuartcommon4651]

I myself am a long term tetracycline user, I take lymecycline for hidradenitis suppurativa, however if I remember rightly it's for it's anti-inflammatory effects. Great video, thank you!

[@scottlarson1548]

In the 1980s many of my fellow teenagers were taking tetracycline every day. It was prescribed to them to clear their skin.

[@PatKellyTeaches]

Us 2000s teens were in the same boat!

[@stormwalker321]

Great summary, thank you Patrick...for this show - I've appreciated your information...!

[@Velereonics]

excellently produced tbh. Pacing, delivery, script on point.

[@totallynotdelinquent5933]

Fun fact: Tetracycline can cause color changes of your bones! It can make your bones change into different shades of green, from a light yellow-green, to near evergreen. Scientists are unsure what causes it.

[@hedgehog3180]

Archeologists of the future will be thrilled by this.

[@glantch]

I was given tetracycline as a young child over a number years. Because of this, I have yellow teeth.

[@knpark2025]

If I went back 12 months and told myself I will be watching a two-hour video essay about tobacco as a non-smoker, then end up watching a 4-hr long series about early antibiotics, I will be laugh at for being a nerd, but I know he'll ask me how many times I played them on audio.

[@PatKellyTeaches]

Welcome to our little community of nerds!

[@benv6502]

Great video, love your stuff. I have nothing to do with the medical or pharma sector, but I have watched all your videos. Just wanted you to know the broad appeal and reach your videos have. Can't wait to see your channel blow up! From: An ops/ finance guy in Aus

[@erraticonteuse]

Last night, a new Hbomberguy. This morning, a new Patrick Kelly history of antibiotics. This is an amazing weekend!

[@PatKellyTeaches]

A 4 hour Hbomb video to boot!

[@izenkixiron5173]

@@PatKellyTeaches As someone who was duped by "that plagiarist" revealed by hbomberguy, I appreciate more than even that you properly cite and list your sources. More power to you!

[@charlizard_762]

Very good video as always, you deserve to be 10x bigger. I’m curious how this has 2x the views for likes though

[@tractorhead971]

Oh and Tetracycline destroys tooth enamel in infants btw

[@trulyinfamous]

These videos are awesome. Just decided to join your patreon because I want to keep seeing these high quality videos, and hopefully you can get enough financial support there that you never have to do any scummy sponsorships to get by. Sponsors always make me angry.

[@nickfromm5315]

if I had an encounter of adult nature, and my throat hurts the next day, would you recommend tetracycline? its been happening for a couple days now,. thanks in advance.

[@dr.michaellittle5611]

Get a diagnostic test to identify what you may have. Tetracycline may not be effective without an identification.

[@oliberrr]

I grew up taking amoxicillin everytime I will be having bronchial asthma. That was in the 90s. Fast forward to 2010s, I’m having Tonsillopharyngitis twice to thrice a year. Doctor rx is always co-amoxiclav. All those times, I was wondering what happened to amoxicillin. Don’t they rx it anymore I said to myself. Do you have a video that touched on this - clavulanic acid?

[@stuartcommon4651]

Amoxicillin is still prescribed in the UK as far as I know, I used to have co-amoxyclav sometimes until I was given it by IV in hospital and they discovered clavulanic acid gave me erratic liver function so I'm no longer able to take it

[@yahtoblue]

Idk about other ppl but tetracycline did NOTHING to my acne. Still mad. I’m good now, but i’m still mad. Great video tho.

[@MrJCerqueira]

likely hormone related acne then

[@TidalMaker]

Your videos are so well researched.

[@joshualieberman7558]

Please bring up in the next video the chickens never seen antibiotics anymore. It’s a huge selling point a lot of these egg companies make that just isn’t an edge really

[@PatKellyTeaches]

That may or may not be the opening portion of the video 😎

[@maxthefool]

sweet! another vid from the best!

[@PatKellyTeaches]

👉😎👉

[@MatthewSuffidy]

When you are saying like ribosome inhibitor you mean like in the bacteria internally? It was my understanding bacteria don't enter human cells, virus do. So that makes the bacteria die or not reproduce?

[@PatKellyTeaches]

Correct, the antibiotic gets into the bacteria cell and keeps their ribosomes from working. Human cells also have ribosomes, but they're a little different, so the antibiotic doesn't harm our cells

[@hedgehog3180]

In a bacterial infection the bacteria aren't necessarily doing direct harm to your cells, they are just living somewhere inside your body and stealing all the nutrients your cells need while excreting dangerous waste products. Some pathogens, bacteria specifically evolved to infect humans, will try to do direct harm to your cells with toxins and other chemicals but this is often aimed more so at the immune system.

[@amantedar123]

Among many other interests I like to read about crime stories. I read a story once about the police finding some bones and suspected that they belong to a certain victim. The bones however were stained yellow. My memory is vegue about the story but I remember the police contacted a well known pathologist and asked about the bones. He said that the victim must have had taken tetracycline at some time and sure enough after some investigation they found the victim had indeed taken tetracycline before he was killed.

[@RonnieBanerjee007]

This is good content! 💯

[@Calacene]

13:57 I've got to ask.... What's UpJohn?

[@PatKellyTeaches]

No way, I'm not falling for that one again

[@scirvy]

Great video! Thank you 😊

[@aubryilkanic2055]

I live pretty close to the MI pfizer plant(the one that makes the COVID vaccine). Each factory makes different products, I believe their boston factory still makes a lot of their antibiotics, as well as some antidepressants. They make my effexor, keeping the depression away.

[@oliviagoff3906]

Babe wake up new Patrick Kelly video just dropped

[@emmymaria6173]

I am hooked on this channel

[@PatKellyTeaches]

Thank you! I'm hooked on making the videos

[@DzrtClaws]

I was forced on this TRASH for hormonal acne. I was sick to my stomach from it for like 2 years, the day I switched dermatologists I was given a topical (Tretinoin? Tazorac, I believe) and it cleared it up in three months. Haven’t watched this video yet but boyyyyy I hated tetracycline with every fiber of my being lol

[@amberskye3478]

Same here, only I wasn't forced - I wanted a solution to my acne. Then Tretinoin came out. It was amazing! People still comment on the quality of my skin 50 years alter.

[@maggierose2386]

Can the prolonged use of tetracyclines destroy the tiny hairs in the auditory canal that waft sound waves towards the ear drum?

[@michaelogden5958]

Fascinating stuff!

[@michaeldomansky8497]

“Eggsessential” threat, indeed!

[@deckuofm]

Some say it causes deafness. My grandmother recommended it and she was deaf.

[@rickrollrizal]

I didn't know that about erythromycin. And from iloilo too

[@life42theuniverse]

If tetracycline binds to ribosomes in the bacterium, does it also bind to our ribosomes in our cells?

[@hedgehog3180]

Our cells won't just absorb whatever materials are floating around, they'll only absorb large molecules if they recieve a hormonal signal telling them to do so. Meanwhile bacteria being single celled organisms can't rely on outside signals and need to just scavange whatever they can. This is also the cause of Diabetes, our cells will not absorb glucose even though it is necessary for them to live unless they are told to do so with the hormone insulin. Also our cells and body as a whole has much more advanced repair capability, if a cell accumulates serious damage it will perform a controlled suicide and then it will be replaced. Plus our cells don't leave all of their ribosomes floating around freely, most are contained in a structure where access is strictly controlled. I'd imagine that this is why antibiotics generally don't affect eukaryote cells very much, though I'm sure that if there was just a ton of it, it would still be able to do damage. Also antibiotics that are taken orally over a long period of time can harm the gut microbiome because it is made up of foreign bacteria, though of course in some infections that is the goal.

[@dr.michaellittle5611]

No.

[@butter-biscuit2248]

I watched this whole series and I credit this man for my HOSA state pharmacology qualification (I didn’t get a chance to study AT ALL from the book. It’s all him!!!)

[@PatKellyTeaches]

That's what's up! The school I teach at has a HOSA chapter, so I'm a big fan of what HOSA does for students

[@prayermanone]

If molds and fungi were able to control bacteria until bacteria developed resistance, what of wild fungi and molds TODAY??? Could fungi now have mutated to control present MODERN strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria??? Possible to search for modern fungi with developed NEW mutated ability to control bacteria?

[@dutttrivedi1711]

Waiting for the next part 😁 🩵

[@TheDamian418]

You mention Sackler and his marketing without mentioning (or at least a nod) his family's legacy with Oxycontin and its marketing....seems like a missed opportunity!

[@hedgehog3180]

Well I figure Opiods and the history of pain medication will get its own series later.

[@ryanp918]

I was prescribed this when I was in high school and threw up blood after 4 doses... good times

[@sarcomakaposi2054]

You have to do a video for cephalosporins.

[@PatKellyTeaches]

I cover their origin in my most recent video about antibiotic resistance!

[@stephanieparker1250]

I recognize the plush on the desk behind you, I have the same one on my desk 🤗

[@PatKellyTeaches]

Great minds think alike

[@aleciastar1433]

Rewatching because I am sick and taking doxycycline

[@kakaeriko]

The history puts everything into perspective

[@da_patata3187]

Still don’t understand how this channel has such few subscribers

[@jonaswox]

tetracycline , i was on this for several years cos of acne. It did erase the problem though.

[@alexwelts2553]

The song we turn red by RHCP.. will clarify plastic anemia and this is what ring around the Rosie means

[@ecocodex4431]

13:55 What's Upjohn?

[@sahhaf1234]

Do you also plan to do the heart/blood medication, like beta blockers, ace inhibitors, anticoagulants etc ?..

[@PatKellyTeaches]

Someday! Coumadin has an interesting backstory

[@sahhaf1234]

@@PatKellyTeaches Actually, beta blockers have also a very interesting backstory, as they tie up into a major strand of drug research, namely the drug receptor theory, which generated some nobel prizes. Here's a nice summary: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1369014/

[@PatKellyTeaches]

Super cool, thank you for the source. I'll make sure to read that one when I get the time

[@niels7313]

I would really find an episode of antidepressants, and the serotonintheory of depression, interesting. I could only imagine that some amount of psycopharma'fuckery' is involved when considering the UNBELIEVABLY huge market.

[@PatKellyTeaches]

I think my most requested video for 2024 is about the history of lithium and psych meds. Something along those lines coming next year!

[@phoenixnair]

The antibiotics mentioned in the beginning are derived from fungi and not bacteria.

[@PatKellyTeaches]

Super common misconception actually! When the actinomycetes were first discovered, scientists thought they were more fungi than bacteria, but these days, they're classified as bacteria. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinomyces

[@SafeAndEffectiveTheySaid]

Safe and effective they said.

[@mysticthecatninja]

Love your videos I think you should do some crossover videos with other creators sometime. Your channel could really grow from more exposure.

[@PatKellyTeaches]

Happily! Any creators in particular you'd like to see collaborations with?

[@hedgehog3180]

@@PatKellyTeaches MedLifeCrisis seems like an obvious candidate, maybe for a history of heart surgery video.

[@PatKellyTeaches]

@@hedgehog3180 big fan of Rohin

[@mysticthecatninja]

@@PatKellyTeaches Max Miller from tasting history would be really cool! Since you both do historical videos I wonder if there could be some common ground.

[@reynoldsbeng3756]

Bloody hell. The more I learn (thank you), the more the plan being enacted on us makes sense. What is the role of mycelium in consciousness? Think there isn't one? Better to be sure, eh.

[@dreadfuldonkey]

This is the best stuff for hairy warts on cattle

[@gabrielpowers766]

Tetracycline ruined my teeth.

[@Skag_Sisyphus]

Ah, remember when corporations were actually punished for committing crimes and not just forced to pay a tiny fraction of the profits they made ff that crime as shut up money? .. No? Yeah, me neither.

[@TommyCrosby]

Not a doctor so pardon me if I'm wrong but in the last 4 years (go figure why), I've heard a lot about trying old drugs at new problems to see if it could work. I have a sinking feeling that these drugs that were dropped for being too close to a successful one or not profitable enough could have been worth something against something we didn't know about back then.

[@XxSForrestxX]

Mm.. thing is that a lot of ‘Rona medicines, particularly as things were popping off, were largely support based and aimed at treating the symptoms, helping people survive long enough to get through the infection rather than anything that might directly counteract the virus. We have tons of treatments for bacterial infections (as is the case with this video), and tons of ways to modulate how our bodies react to things/induce particular reactions that are useful in some scenarios, but when it comes to viruses, particularly ones that change rapidly (the common cold being an example), we have far fewer solid, direct measures to counteract it than you might think. I think a lot of trying old drugs to see if they helped were kind of just that.. a bit of a mad rush to see if even the faintest chance of something working might turn out to be viable for somebody somewhere. As far as direct treatments.. the ungodly amounts to be made off a drug that could stop the ‘Rona in its tracks.. you better believe it’d be right left and center around us everywhere. While I agree that many, many pharmaceutical company practices are extremely money hungry, shady, and in some instances really skirt what we’d call acceptable in a civilized society, with this one I can assure you the gobs of cash to be made from any treatment would far outweigh any other thing- unfortunately, these things are hard to find treatments for (directly), and especially on the fly as such

[@therideneverends1697]

If you want an interesting example of a company making a "new" drug out of an old one, Adderall, Basically Adderall used to be a drug called Obetrol, Which was a similar combination drug to what it is today, except it contained methamphetamine. Well come 1972 the FDA comes around and says "Hay, uh, is there really a need for a pill to contain amphetamine, dextroamphetamine and methamphetamine?" So the company not wanting to have pay for redoing their whole trials decide to simply pull the formulation and make a generic version of biphetamine under the same brand name. Well come the 80s biphetamine has been getting a bad reputation due to street use, but their rebranded generic for weight loss is not suffering so much from the sales drops, so they come up with a clever idea, change the way the drug is *made* which allows them to get patent rights on an old product, then remarket it on the ADHD med market which was at the time dominated by ritalin and dexadrine. Boom Adderall was born, and its the exact same drug as the old "Black beauties" from 60s old folks like talking about, except with a new manufacturing method that allowed them to carry a patent for their "new product" while still being able to use the same FDA approval from the 50s

[@hedgehog3180]

I feel like it's both a yes and no, on some level the patent system disincentivizes looking into alternate uses for similar drugs since you can't patent them but on the other hand if a company spent loads of money developing a drug they're going to find every available use for it and if it can treat something new then that's probably grounds for a seperate patent. Companies obviously have a pretty clear incentive to find every single use case for a drug because it expands the potential market. The current issues are more companies focusing on medicine aimed at the richest patients in the first world while ignoring issues in the third world and being incentivized to develop new drugs they can patent rather than lowering the production costs for existing drugs. Obviously research is a good thing and developing new medicine is a good thing but medicine also needs to be widely available to actually matter so lowering the costs and complexity of production is important.

[@eikoGoldstein]

Thanks! Great video. These drugs were sublime advances generated by the human mind, and lots of sweat. How much mankind has benefitted from these discoveries! And they are still useful today. How, in movement like an angel..... in apprehension, like a god!

[@stevierichiemoeller]

Tetracycline has recently got my rosacea undrr control

[@odissey2]

Can it be cured with antibiotics? I didn't know that