Periodontal Disease: Symptoms,Causes,Stages and Treatment || Gum Disease

Dr Rahul Tripathi (BDS,MDS in Prosthodontics and Implantology)
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What is periodontal disease?
Periodontal disease - also called gum disease - refers to inflammation and infection of the tissues that support your teeth.
Periodontal disease symptoms may include:
Reddish or purplish gums.
Bleeding.
Soreness.
Bad breath (halitosis).
Unpleasant taste.
Pain when chewing.
Gum recession (gums that pull away from your teeth).
Loose teeth.
A change in the way your teeth fit together.
Periodontal disease stages
Gingivitis. This is the earliest stage of gum disease. It starts with red, puffy gums that may bleed when you brush or floss. At this stage, there’s no bone loss. As a result, gingivitis is totally reversible with proper treatment.
Mild periodontitis. The bacteria have seeped beneath your gums, affecting the supporting bone. Your gums may pull away from your teeth, creating pockets around them. Plaque and bacteria like to hide in these pockets, where your toothbrush and floss can’t reach.
Moderate periodontitis. Left untreated, bacteria begin to erode the ligaments, soft tissues and bone that hold your teeth in place. You may notice bad breath and pus (infection) around your gum line. Some people develop pain at this stage.
Advanced periodontitis. As periodontal disease worsens, bone loss continues. This can cause your teeth to become loose and eventually fall out.
What causes periodontal disease?
dental plaque
Smoking or other tobacco use.
Poor oral hygiene.
Diabetes.
Autoimmune diseases, including lupus, scleroderma and Crohn’s disease.
Hormonal changes, particularly during puberty, pregnancy and menopause.
Stress.
Treatment
Dental cleaning and improved oral hygiene
Scaling and root planing
Pocket reduction surgery
LANAP (Laser-assisted new attachment procedure)
Bone grafting
Gum grafting