Peritoneal Dialysis: Introduction, Physiology, Technique, Modes and Complications

Peritoneal dialysis is achieved by using the peritoneal cavity as the primary site of ultrafiltration. A catheter (e.g. Tenckhoff catheter) is inserted into the abdominal cavity, which allows the infusion of the dialysate.
The dialysate then dwells within the abdomen using the peritoneum as a semi-permeable membrane for the transfer of waste products. The dialysate can then be removed after a certain amount of time and the procedure repeated.
In general, peritoneal dialysis can be achieved by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) where multiple exchanges are made each day, or by automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) where the exchange is made overnight when the patient sleeps.
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