A Crash Course in Formal Logic Pt 6a: Categorical Syllogisms, Terms, Mood and Figure

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thank you so much, been so worried about failing my final because of this section but this just came in at the buzzer to save me!

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[@gadda01]

Thanks for this, I've been struggling to read "the art of rhetoric" because I didn't understand the term "syllogism" this really helped

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[@santanumohapatra1326]

Excellent! These videos deserves to be spread out more. Thank you!

[@cherylvargas9228]

Great lessons here. Especially the memorization phrases, even though "distain" should be "disdain". :-) Awesome job on animations and everything!

[@punkrider8758]

Well the first definition falls apart because there are 20+ step syllogisms (not necessarily in Categorical logic, but the definition didn't clarify whether or not it's exclusively referring to Cat logic)

[@sundaycofran6020]

Teaching Logic to 8th graders. This was great, thank you.

[@southparkxanime]

It would've been way simpler to condense all the repeating moods. Once you do that there are only 8 moods you must remember that are unconditionally valid: EIO, AII, EAE, AEE, IAI and the 3 outliers that only appear once: AAA AOO OAO. Now to memorize only 8 moods seems a bit more reasonable than trying to remember those mnemonic sentences and trying to remember what they even stand for.

[@ThisIsSirLoyalHeart]

I love you. That mnemonic device is brilliant.

[@PhilHelper]

Thanks! It took forever to come up with it, but I hope it was worth it for all of you logic students out there.

[@ThisIsSirLoyalHeart]

PhilHelper It was my saving grace. It let me learn all those forms in somewhere between 5-10 minutes. Pre-exam, most of my peers were worried about those forms, I had the luxury to focus my studying on other parts of the exam. Thank you! I'm really liking all your videos and your style, very concise. I hope you continue to do more!

[@PhilHelper]

Eric San Agustin Awesome! I hope other students learn to do the same. Memorizing forms is important, but if it takes too much time it can really distract from getting basic concepts, principles and applications. Anything that speeds up the process should be really helpful for logic students (I hope).

[@josephendiafe7253]

This presentation is crystal clear. Thank you!

[@Nobody-qg1kc]

This video is so helpful! The only thing I could think to make the mnemonic better was if the words in the phrases made an argument according to their figure of syllogism.

[@troynunley8161]

Barbara is a neighbor Neighbors fear maiming Therefore, Barbara fears maiming Alfonzo is a neighbor Neighbors fear careers Therefore Alfonzo fears careers Orlando is a neighbor Neighbors distain maiming Therefore Orlando distains maiming All neighbors are distainers All distainers have careers Therefore all neighbors have careers If it helps, use it 😁

[@varun009]

One question. In the second example with watercolors paintings and masterpieces, the middle term serves as the subject in both premises. Does that mean that the position the the major and minor terms in the conclusion is what we go with the designated them?

[@alphaomega5118]

Thank you so much! It helped me a lot of my confusions. 😊

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[@sanamir9886]

Very helpful

[@Andrea-mn2sw]

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[@SaschaLeib]

That was a great introduction to syllogisms - up to the point when you introduced your own mnemonic. Maybe people find it easier to memorize those syllogisms, but they‘ll loose out on all the additional information that is encoded in the traditional terms (btw: they are not actually „Latin“ at all!), like the instructions for transforming each variant to its base form, when you need additional proofs to do so, etc. All of that is lost for the doubtful benefit of spending 10 minutes less memorising the names.. :-/

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[@TheSantaCompana]

'Attain' only goes for the 1st and 3rd forms and 'Trajectory' only for the 2nd and 4th right?

[@mollyoxy]

All I can think about during these lessons is System of a Down’s song “I-E-A-I-A-I-O”

[@malteeaser101]

I know that this is irrelevant to categorical logic, but is a propositional logic argument with three premises, or more, and conclusion a non-categorical syllogism?

[@MikaelLima2210]

Controversy Owl I'm not yet into proposicional logic, but if there are 3 premisses I guess it follows that there might have more than 2 terms in there and that cannot happen in categorical syllogism.

[@troynunley8161]

Yup. Those are called sorites.

[@anjanachauhan9594]

Thank you so so so soooooo much sir.... it will helo me a lot... so nice of you... plz make a video on thread to traditional square bcz of boolean interpretation.... plllz ... and thank s alot

[@NguyenHung-nl4vb]

with the conclusion: power is not happiness so what is the Major premise and Minor premise

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[@taesang5664]

someone please help me!! how do you find out if you use “all” or “some” to denote a term? basically, how do you identify if a term is distributed or undistributed :((

[@sankhini2444]

There are certain keywords which help you to figure that out For instance, if there's a sentence which says " All/every/each/any/always/ crows are black. When it talks about the entirety of a situation or a person. That is an universal affirmative proposition (A) the rule for A proposition is The subject is distributed and the predicate is undistributed. Further, when we talk about E proposition with Logical form "No A are B, words like No, never none, not at all which completely negates a situation or person is considered to be an universal negative proposition The subject term is distributed and the predicate is also distributed Furthermore, there are Particular Affirmative propositions (I) with logical form "Some A are B" In which the words like most, many, some, A FEW, most, occasionally, sometimes, etc is used Subject is undistributed and predicate is undistributed. Next, is the Particular Negative(O) proposition with the logical form "Some A are NOT B" words that are used to indicate that are FEW, hardly, scarcely, seldom etc. The subject is undistributed and the predicate is distributed in this one. There are some important things to remember apart from this which will help you a lot to identify propositions If A proposition has a NOT That becomes O If I proposition has a NOT that becomes O If O proposition has a NOT it becomes O. Another thing, Note the use "A FEW" & "FEW" in different propositions. PS: I'm probably very late xD

[@jenniferherrington]

I still do not know what the predicate is...please help!!! I am just so confused!!!

[@GouAndSotsuWereMistakes]

I tried to understand via book but can't understand it. Thanks for this.

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Thank you so much :) you're a lifesaver

[@blesslydelovino7129]

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[@sushmitamukherjee2215]

I am not a logic student. Just a high-school-star-trek-fan enthusiast.

[@hamoabeeli6317]

thank you very much

[@scarletpimpernel111]

I'm sorry but you seem to ignore the significance of the Latin Moods. First, though some valid moods are found in other figures, yet their names tell you to what figure they belong for example DATISI and DARII though both are 'AII' yet you immediately know that DATISI belongs to the Third Figure, while DARII belongs to the First. Hence it is conveniently important to retain/memorize their names. This is ignored by your proposed way of memorizing the moods. Another thing, and more importantly, some consonants found in the moods like in CAMESTRES such as 'M', 'S' they're key letters in reducing the moods of imperfect figures to the First Figure (a perfect figure). For example, we shall reduce CAMESTRES to CELARENT by doing what the 'S' in CAMESTRES means i.e., Simple Conversion of the minor premise and the conclusion, and 'M" to mean mutating the premises, thus the CAMESTRES becomes CELARENT. It means the II to the IV figure are imperfect ones i.e., not clear and uneasy to follow but with the help of the key letters in the respective figure moods, any mood of other figures can be reduced to the First.

[@borissman]

Very practical. Thank you!

[@PhilHelper]

Your welcome!

[@youthf7c343]

I finally understood, thank you so much

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[@MidLifeCodeCrisis]

Figure ! = Barbara’s Neighbor Feared Maiming!, Figure 2 = Alfonso’s Neighbor Feared Careers! , Figure 3 & 4 = Orlando’s Neighbor Distains Maiming & Distains Neighbors Career!

[@scarletpimpernel111]

Now try to check the validity of this syllogism in an enthymeme form: 'Some C is A because All B is C.’

[@troynunley8161]

Nice illustration... All B are C is actually the premise, due to the premise indicator "because." Some C is A is the conclusion. There's an unspoken premise, which is a common thing in storm arguments, namely, that Some B is an A or, equivalently by conversion, Some A is a B. In standard form then, with the unspoken premise made explicit, the argument is... Some A is B All B are C So, Some C is A That's""distain" on the fourth figure.. If the unspoken premise was Some B is A, then the argument would be"distain" on the third figure. Both valid. Try using Animals, Bulls and Cattle for A, B and C respectively to visualize it. And thanks.

[@gaBehcuoDsuoitneterP]

They’re like funnels.

[@Syllogist]

SO FAR ABSOLUTLY ANY SYLLOGISM CAN CALCULATE AS ALGEBRAIC FORM… I saw some mistakes into this video-clip… Comment-1: Example (5:17). Algebraic calculation: x - Watercolors, y - Paintings, z - Masterpieces 1. All Watercolors are Paintings (xy) 2. Some Watercolors are Masterpieces (xz+xz’) - - - Calculation: ((xy)*(xz+xz’)/X = (xyz+xyz’)/X = yz+yz’ = y(z+z’) - - - 3. Some Paintings are Masterpieces [and some Paintings are not Masterpieces] (y(z+z’)) You are little wrong! Score «True:False (T:F)» 0:1

[@MrMarktrumble]

thank you

[@stevenhoyt]

"ribeiro" not "ribierto" ... "disdain" not "distain" otherwise, great video!

[@leoreyes7025]

But why is this important?

[@Nobody-qg1kc]

And syllogisms are sylly!

[@Syllogist]

Comment-2: Example (8:14). Algebraic calculation: x - Flying Animals, y - Mammals, z - Elephants. 1. Some Flying Animals are Mammals (xy) 2. All Elephants are Mammals (zy) - - - Calculation: ((xy)*(zy))/Y = (xyz)/Y = xz = zx - - - Yours: 3. Some Elephants are Flying Animals - ERROR CONCLUSION RIGHT: 3. THERE IS Elephants SO AZ Flying Animals [meaning «Mammals»] (zx) You are also wrong! COMMON SCORE T:F = 0:2 IN ALL: NIL SYLLOGISMS WAS RIGHT and TWO SYLLOGISMS - IS LIE! Sorry, but this is only typical logic algebra :-)

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