Piracy and the Bronze Age Collapse | Dr. Louise Hitchcock | Dr. Aren Maeir

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

What are your thoughts on this episode? Support Dr. Hitchcock, Dr. Maeir and their work above and support the Channel by looking below! Celebrate the birthplace of civilization and get our Sumerian Shirt | Hoodie | Coffee Mug today! CLOTHES: teespring.com/Sumerian-Clothing?pid=212&cid=5818 COFFEE MUGS: teespring.com/sumerian-coffee-mug?pid=658&cid=102908 Check out our new store! teespring.com/stores/the-history-shop Get your Sea Peoples | Late Bronze Age Merch below! Mugs: teespring.com/new-sea-peoples-mediterranean?pid=658&cid=102950 Hoodies | Shirts | Tank Tops: teespring.com/get-sea-peoples-mediterranean?pid=212&cid=5819 Get your Hittite Merch below! Mugs: teespring.com/HittiteEmpireMug?pid=658&cid=102950&sid=front Shirts | Tank Tops | Hoodies: teespring.com/hittite-empire-shirt?pid=2&cid=2397 Trojan War Merch Below! Mugs: teespring.com/trojan-war-coffee-mug?pid=658&cid=102950 Tank Tops | Shirts | Hoodies: teespring.com/TrojanWarShirt?pid=2&cid=2397 To support the channel, become a Patron and make history matter! Patreon: www.patreon.com/The_Study_of_Antiquity_and_the_Middle_Ages Donate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale Enjoy history merchandise? Check out affiliate link to SPQR Emporium! spqr-emporium.com?aff=3 *Disclaimer, the link above is an affiliate link which means we will earn a generous commission from your magnificent purchase, just another way to help out the channel! Join our community! Facebook Page: facebook.com/THESTUDYOFANTIQUITYANDTHEMIDDLEAGES/ Twitter: twitter.com/NickBarksdale Instagram: instagram.com/study_of_antiquity_middle_ages/ Facebook Group: facebook.com/groups/164050034145170/

[@dadsonworldwide3238]

It appear to be a Spartacus type event a chain reaction of piracy maybe with doubts and volcanos driving it to begin with. When you have a situation similar to America now when a few elite are subverting the many it won't last long until people begin to unite and rise up. You get a spark like a spartus or pirate having success against governing powers then recruiting explodes . I do think geology and climate helped some of this but if you look at prior century it was very wealthy tyrannical leaders who was ignoring the many .

[@garytucker8696]

I imagine branding of captured prisoners was popular as a lack of communication skills would have been prominent among pirates and their captured peoples, the value of individuals etc. etc. Ermine heraldry is one of the oldest and the earlier forms are very similar if not identical to various branding images seen on the arms of clay pictures depicted of people of the times!!ermine, hermiome in Latin.

[@garytucker8696]

Atreus, Menelaus daughter was named Hermione, if Troy was real perhaps there is some truth in all this!!

[@garytucker8696]

Viking Earls had three ships normally, Hengist and Horsa had three ships.

[@garytucker8696]

Members of rich merchant families and Greek physician's such as Abascantus. Acesias. Acron. Acumenus. Adamantius. Aegimus. Aelianus Meccius. Aelius Promotus, would have been worth their weight in gold!!

[@chrisamon4551]

Also one of my favorite bits here: pirate captains would get a little more than the rest of the crew, but not too much. Odysseus is constantly saying after every adventure while the ships and their crews were left, “the spoils were divided equally” and yet a couple lines later Odysseus admits, “a single whole goat was laid aside for myself...” this is totally a Greek age of piracy tale

[@lecrampierre1421]

She is SO knowledgeable...this could have been an hour longer and still be just as interesting. Excellent!

[@thememoryhole9355]

And I like how she wore a pirate shirt! Very cool.

[@MarkVrem]

an hour and a half on Piracy, I approve already before even watching!

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

I hope you enjoy dear Marko!

[@chrisamon4551]

Oooooooooo! Can’t wait

[@Boric78]

@@chrisamon4551 Totally - the Bronze Age Collapse and piracy - I am in, talk about a Star Wars of history titles.

[@kimberlyperrotis8962]

Two world-class experts! I learned more from Dr. Hitchcock’s last appearance than I have in the previous 20 years, she is amazingly clear, concise and focused. No long-winded anecdotes, irrelevant asides, etc., like most speakers, including me, and she’s incredibly knowledgeable. I wish I could take classes from her.

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

If you like this video give us a share! We could use a hit.

[@MarkVrem]

About 40min in, Where Dr. Louise Hitchcock mentions how even if your ship wasn't in perfect condition, you would still take it out. I'll just point out to anyone reading the comments. The Meditteranean is a very salty sea, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean. Think the Dead Sea in Israel, but not to that extreme. What this means, in the case of a shipwreck you had a pretty high rate of survival, because of the buoyancy of the very salty water. Especially if you can grab on to a wooden plank. There was a case of the woman rescued a few years ago after falling off a cruise ship and being lost at sea for a number of days in the Adriatic.

[@IvorMektin1701]

Cool! Learn something new every day!

[@Eluzian86]

Correct, and the Mediterranean is very salty because it evaporates fast enough it's actually has a constant feeding into through the strait of Gibraltar to keep it filled.

[@CantonBn]

there is zero evidence that there would be a "high rate of survival" in any foundering or wreck of a ship in the med. It is likely that virtually everyone on a ship that foundered away from land would die. people in these times did not know how to swim. It is not like there were swimming lessons at the local YMCA. Mad average salinity is 37, Atlantic is 35.

[@chrisamon4551]

OMG! Sat down to watch this finally and you referenced my comment!!! Thank you!!!

[@dmitrykizyanov6577]

Hi, from Russia! With videos like this I can enjoy the history and practice English - two things that a really like!

[@bubbahubba7238]

I loved it! Dr. Louise Hitchcock makes fascinating connections--linguistic, historical, cultural, and archeological. Dr. Aren Maeir used interesting current day parallels to illuminate activities of ancient pirates.

[@SisterWomen]

Soooooo satisfyingly informative. I feel fattened and giddy on Bronze Age factssssss. Piracy was the Gangsta's Paradise of the Bronze Age Collapse.

[@matthewledvina8323]

If this was a college class I'd be the first to sign up lol. Thanks for such an interesting episode!

[@Boric78]

If the colleges had a clue - they would run this. Talk about a money earner.

[@ashlarblocks]

@@Boric78 Well, I do teach at a university...

[@Boric78]

​@@ashlarblocks I wish I had been on your course, instead of studying the Farming Revolution in Western Europe in the 17th & 18th centuries. I still allergic to the phrase "three field system".

[@xanetas]

Barksdale, your channel is getting better every day. Congratulations and thank you for upload this amazing material.

[@j.v.1093]

Two of my favorite topics! And amazing guests!

[@mommachupacabra]

To Dr. Hitchcock - more likely nowadays people would cry "Cultural Appropriation!" - which is why yes, disease, yes scurvy, yes a short life - but I'd rather live the mixed cultural fun of a pirate than lock myself into "thus must be so" way of life. Both of you had fascinating information to share - the Bronze Age Collapse is one of the things I find fascinating. Thanks to all three of you!

[@shanecarubbi7864]

Good video👍 thanks Nick.

[@henrimilo1]

Thank you for your excellent questions on this important topic.

[@loulagregg8468]

Excellent presentation! I loved the easy way everyone contributed something to the understanding of the topic. It kept me listening, for sure! Thank you!!

[@louisehitchcock6438]

Aren and I have collaborated for 13 years

[@actionwd]

There is a very nice map graphic around 48 mins. I'd like to know more about it, and where I might get a copy

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

www.tabulae-geographicae.de/

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

Got you covered!

[@actionwd]

@@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449 thanks a bunch! I love your channel :)

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

@@actionwd your comment means the world! Thank you!

[@tewekdenahom485]

Great topic at a great length

[@Bogey1022]

Over an hour? Piracy? Bronze Age? I don't think I'll make it five minutes I'm so excited.... story of my life

[@lecrampierre1421]

Q: What is a pirates favorite car? A: The YARRRRRRRRRRIS!( ummm, Toyota Yaris, that is)

[@pedromayallguilayn507]

Great lecture by most knowledgable scholars. It seems to me that the Minoans kept the sea trade routes safe and when they fell nobody took their job on, much less the rowdy mycenean greeks. So you begin to hear about piracy in the amarna letters and the Hitite texts. Like it was said in the.podcast, the Iliad is about some drama in a large raiding expedition sea peoples style. In a international economy so dependent on long distance trade, growing piracy had to cause a breakdown at some.point. When it came, society collapsed in the egean first, then all those idle warriors moved east like a tsunami raiding and destroying everything in their path.

[@djribz]

Modern history has mixed up the ancient maritime culture and the vicious Thracians.

[@0leandr1]

Well, I believe opposite. There was no navy able to eradicate piracy in Mediterrean until Roman times. The merchant ships were quite big with warriors aboard so no small parties were able to attack them. It would be tribal level to start piracy. Long distance trade was possible with no piracy on tribal level (which would bring open wars), the best facilitator for it would be broadly popularized hospitality toward travellers, as emerges ie. in steppe and desert cultures. It is very likely to happen among sea peoples and looks like widespread Bronze Age Mediterrean consensus for a long time. Piracy would be deavastating for Bronze Age dependent on long distance trade bringing it to collapse so the reason for a 'tsunami' should lie elsewhere - it looks like piracy bringing the collapse not the collapse bringing piracy. However some kind of feedback loop is imaginable - people living on trade turn to piracy because their trade incomes fell due to others turning to piracy. My point is: the reasons for growing piracy were external and piracy brought Mediterrean Bronze Age to collapse. The same we can observe in land long distance trade in Europe mainland.

[@CantonBn]

@@0leandr1 What is your evidence that merchant ships would have had warriors on board?

[@CantonBn]

@pedromayallguilayn507. No evidence the Minoans were "patrolling the sea routes." etc. And as soon as the Myceneans were on ships they conquered and took over Crete. You have to take into account the direction of merchant shipping. merchant shipping in E. Med was a circular route. Trade winds south from greece to Crete and Egypt, and then current taking you north along the coast of levant, and then moderate rowing westward along s and w coasts of anatolia

[@0leandr1]

@@CantonBn The sailors on Uluburun shipwreck were armed - with swords, daggers and armour. This was long distance trade vessel going from Levant to Balearic Islands back to Aegyian and probably to Black Sea. There were findings on another ship with ores near Israel suggesting it was moving factory, with portable smiths tools and fireplace. We can assume those nomad merchants could provide everything they needed for nomadic life.

[@drunkenkot]

Nice! Just what I wanted! Long form. Thanks a lot!

[@rhomonkey2401]

Happy Happy .. tomorrow I shall feast on this

[@paul6925]

The sea people “armour” makes me think Red Sonja’s chain bikini isn’t so silly after all

[@MarkVrem]

I've seen the Boar tusk helmets before, but I never made the association with them being made of Boar tusks, as in relation to the Bull horn ones and the feather ones.

[@vigilantpatriQt]

I need more knowledge from this beautiful woman

[@jeffreysmith6910]

What about the Argonautica as story of piracy? Jason and crew set sail to perform a raid on a city and plunder The Golden Fleece!

[@michaelmanning5379]

I must say, I prefer longer conversations to short videos of less than 10 minutes.

[@Jordan-xm6wo]

Fantastic Ep

[@joeshmoe8345]

Thanks this is very interesting

[@InternationalRob]

No captions. Awesome.

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

Get your Sea Peoples | Late Bronze Age Merch below! Mugs: teespring.com/new-sea-peoples-mediterranean?pid=658&cid=102950 Hoodies | Shirts | Tank Tops: teespring.com/get-sea-peoples-mediterranean?pid=212&cid=5819

[@Hevander75]

a series in Ancient piracy, in general, would be awesome . Somali coast, to the Mediterranean, to the yellow sea.

[@louisehitchcock6438]

A really good book is the Desert and the Sea by Michael Scott Moore which is an account of his being held hostage by Somali pirates.

[@FrogInPot]

The Report/Story of Wenamun gives a great institutions and is evidence of Pay being a significant factor around the Sea People's and Bronze Age Collapse

[@FrogInPot]

The Egyptian Report/Story of Wenamun gives a great insight and is evidence of Piracy being a significant factor around the Sea People's and Bronze Age Collapse

[@douglaskingsman2565]

What is the source of that fantastically detailed map of the late Bronze Age?? I would very, very much like to purchase my own copy!

[@TT3TT3]

More please!🙂👍

[@IvorMektin1701]

All good stories involve pirates!

[@martineldritch]

I wonder if the Phoenicians who filled in the Mediterranean power vacuum left by the collapse would have had the stories and epics about these times, lost to history because of Syrian or Roman conquests ?

[@walterulasinksi7031]

One may also have to consider what goods would be to the greatest advantage for piracy. Such considerations, would then be linked to the current conditions of scarcity and ease of disposition of the pirated goods. There would then be the consideration of the direction of traderoutes based upon navigable sea currents and prevailing winds. With this as the considerations, one could most likely conceive that if as the indications seem to direct that there was a climate change pattern occurring, that one of the most valuable of goods would be foodstuffs, olive oil,wine,gold, as opposed to major shipments of raw materials such as Tin. Since the former goods would be shipped from the east, these would follow a northern trade route based on sea currents, there would be ample possibilities for multiple types of piracy. Piracy can be considered as having multiple forms wherein a vessel is completely stolen, the easiest as one might imply need to dispose of the ship masters, a transfer of goods from one vessel to another or a deception by the pirates to cause a shipwreck. This third method could easily. Be accomplished during night navigation.due to that as now, night navigation does take signals from land. As to how widespread such bonfire/ ( lighthouse) may have been, us something that needs investigation,however there would be a consideration of such between legitimate trading partners, therefore an act of piracy at might need only place a light source at a location where a legitimate source could not be seen thus drawing a ship to dangerous locations. As to the totality of such piracy may have had on the breakdown of the trade routes during the collapse would be difficult to determine but it still must remain as a factor.

[@kimberlyperrotis8962]

It makes a lot of sense, what Dr. Maier says: land-based palace economies, perhaps struggling with climate change, disruption of trade, earthquakes, etc., turning to raiding to bolster their failing economies. I think there has probably been an element of raiding, by land or by sea, throughout pre-Modern history, at least. Increases in these activities in times of stress, or even just opportunistically, as the English did in France during the 100 Years War, is very plausible. Even now, in this time of effective international maritime law, piracy is still going on in some places.

[@CantonBn]

The climate change seems to be offset and occurring after the main destructions. Most likely cause was widespread adoption of iron, which like firearms int eh modern age democratized military power taking it away form elites and to cultures that could field large groups of well (metals) armed infantry

[@johnries5593]

One of the words that occurred to me when I read the Fagles translation of the Illiad was "Vikings". Homer's Trojans were the civilized lot. His Achaeans were pirates and brigands with only a veneer of civilization.

[@gruboniell4189]

The sailors stop travelling afar for tin. The ships just never came back. The settlements in the west from Iberia to Britton would have wondered what happened. They start travelling and find many abandoned mines and villages. Slowly moving and taking supplies making their way deep into the Mediterranean. The Etruscans may have joined them to make a true threat to the major powers

[@gruboniell4189]

I’m not saying that Brittons took a part but kings would have sent travelers to find out what happened then a move of some sort happened happened

[@robertracicot7232]

9:02 Egyptian artists always made depiction of profile of a face. More accurately, Egyptian artists mostly, made a profile sculptures of a face, but sometimes a front view.

[@louisehitchcock6438]

Yes. Then there's the models which are very cool.

[@thememoryhole9355]

10:27 .. They didn't wear shoes in the Bronze Age? Not even sandals? What if they step on a hypodermic needle, or a broken beer bottle .. or a Lego block! Man, things were rough back then. BTW .. the dude with the horns is pretty badass.

[@thememoryhole9355]

I would aim right for the toes .. just sayin'. No shoes .. mangle a few digits and they're going down.

[@therealanyaku]

Leather armour? You might check the KZbin channels of Shad & The Metatron for discussion and testing (experimental archaeology) of non metallic armours.

[@staticdynamic1605]

Fantastic

[@JamLeGull]

I’m preparing to run a tabletop RPG set in the Bronze Age and I figured pirates would fit in since polities throughout history have struggled with enforcing laws within their own territories, let alone enforcing maritime law.

[@choonbox]

Do what you want 'cause a pirate is free, *You are a pirate!*

[@andywomack3414]

What I find missing with these discussions is the role that fishing had in the development of Mediterranean culture. In the case of the Somali pirate, weren't these, for the most part, fishing people who were deprived of that resource by industrialized fishing vessels from other countries? BTW I've just started with this lengthy podcast, so forgive me if that issue appears later.

[@louisehitchcock6438]

I would love to see more published accounts of fish bones. They often don't show up well.

[@andywomack3414]

@@louisehitchcock6438 How about fish hooks and sinkers?

[@louisehitchcock6438]

@@andywomack3414 Well, you would have to track them down all over the place and then try to relate them to the bigger picture. With weights, it's not always clear what they were used for. I had a few fish bones from feasting debris I excavated at Tell es-Safi/Gath. I also know someone who wrote a Masters in Greek on the ear bones of fish from Akrotiri. There's also a fresco there of boys holding bunches of fish. When people say famine caused the end of the Bronze Age, I always bring up fish. It's just something I haven't had time to pursue. My specialty is actually Minoan architecture, so I've expanded quite widely. I know that there was a period in Africa (I can't remember if it was Egypt or the Kushites) where there was a taboo on eating fish. But I agree with you in that people in the ancient Med must have been eating it.

[@andywomack3414]

@@louisehitchcock6438 Thank you for responding. I learned about the Minoans and other Bronze Age civilizations in an "Ancient Mediterranean Civilizations" class several years ago. The depictions of their lives piqued my interest and I have sought information ever since. Oh yea, a big volcano, wow. One source states Minoan palace columns were milled trunks of trees, inverted to prevent them from sprouting. What is you take on that? Somewhere in my files I might be able to find the source for that information, an archeological journal article perhaps. You mentioned drought proposed as factor in the Late Bronze Age collapse. Is there proxy data evidence to support that? Famine is, of course, mentioned in written records from the time. Could general environmental degradation have contributed? Could Crete be the first civilization facing the consequences of deforestation and loss of soil? What happens when a sea-faring trading people no longer have local sources of ship-building and structural timber, and as decades pass each cow or goat needs increasing pasture area, olive trees produce less fruit, and vines yield fewer grapes? Evidence? Could iron-working have contributed to the destabilization of the Palace economies? Iron, plentiful, but requiring much more human and chemical energy to produce, weakening the elite monopoly of metal tools and weapons. Evidence? Like it is now, it was complicated, and we will likely know but little about the whole of it. I am, at best, an amateur historian, human and natural. Thus I should be forgiven for poorly supported speculation. I am also pretty old (72) so rather late to this game. If I could roll back the years I'd ask to be your graduate student. I actually listened to this entire podcast in one go. KZbin has helped keep me less insane during these rather interesting times we are experiencing. Thank you.

[@louisehitchcock6438]

@@andywomack3414 Hi Andy, thanks for your very thoughtful post. First off, I want to tell you that age is just a number. One of my best student friends in Grad School was a retired lawyer in his 70s writing a PhD in Egyptology. It's never too late! I will give you a pass for being amateur but not for age. You know, Evans was 49 when he discovered Minoan civilization. I also heard the same story about the upside down trees as a student, but I really have no idea. There seems to be some evidence for drought in terms of coring evidence, but I remain skeptical that it was a major factor: perhaps just a contributing factor? I suggest reading Eric Cline's book 1177, which goes into detail on a lot of these theories. I personally find it difficult to believe that sick and hungry people could cause all of the damage that ended the Bronze Age, especially with fish!!! Iron working doesn't seem to get going until after the Bronze Age collapse. I don't think deforestation was an issue as enormous quantities of wood would be needed for metallurgy. Also Crete had a number of plains and plateaus for rain fed agriculture, then they terraced on hillsides, in contrast to irrigation agriculture in Egypt (where you had flooding) and Mesopotamia where the soil became desalinized in the south & they had to turn to date palms. Something I still have to do is to keep the chronology straight. It helps to make your own table indicating what happened where and when.

[@douglaskingsman2565]

Where's a good place to publish my novel set after the burning of Ilios (Troy VIIa) and mostly in the the last days of the Hittite Empire? I am just completing it now, and believe it's all historically possible and, well, quite good. Especially asking Nick Barksdale.

[@ashlarblocks]

I'm sad to say that Nick passed away.

[@dwainkitchel1316]

Seems to me there is a huge difference between the sea peoples and piracy. The sea peoples brought their families so they could take lands and settle?

[@dwainkitchel1316]

should have watched to the end before saying.....

[@ashlarblocks]

They may have stayed ashore during the sailing season

[@dwainkitchel1316]

@@ashlarblocks Having an expert such as yourself, help us through the morass of time and bias, is so remarkable! i feel like a freshman at intro 101 at 7 am :). Thank you seriously for your efforts to shed the light of reason and truth in this time of spin and delusion. :) Respect!!!!!

[@myrojyn]

10 seconds in and this reminds me of History channel before the dark times. Before it rebranded the "history" channel featuring pawn stars and ancient aliens.

[@erics7992]

I'm writing this early in the video and I don't know if they are going to talk about it but ALL of Homer's heroes, at least from the Greek or Achaean side, are pirates. Their whole mentality was that of a raider or a pirate which is what makes the stories so great. The original argument in the Iliad between Achilles and Agamemnon was essentially an argument between two pirates over a war prize and the honor and social station that derived from possessing her. Ok so they did talk about but I would just add that we don't know how much history is in Homer. I think of him as like a World War II movie from the 1950s. In those movies there were mixtures of actual historical personages like Chester Nimitz and Franklin Roosevelt and Isoroku Yamamoto, but they are seen saying things that they never actually said or doing things that they never actually did. And you have as well actual historical occurrences like the Battle of Stalingrad or D-Day or the Battle of Midway but the scenes of these are populated with fictional characters who never existed enacting stories that never actually happened while all the while interacting with actual historical characters who never could have met them in real life because they didn't exist. The difference with Homer is that we do not have the information to tell the actual historical fact from the fiction. Homer was telling a fictional story set against a historical background, not writing history.

[@louisehitchcock6438]

World War II movies don't involve the Greek gods

[@erics7992]

@@louisehitchcock6438 The gods were a feature of life in the ancient world and it was accepted that a human being's relationship to the divine would determine the course of their life. Like I said the history was blended with fiction, but for people of that age to have seen some great figure from the distant past who was remembered to have done some great thing as favored by and conversant with the gods and that this aspect of the story would provide an excellent opportunity for poetic embellishment should not be a surprise to anyone who has any familiarity with those times. Like I said the history is in the background. Thank you.

[@samuelgagnon-hartman9175]

Early in Thucidydes' History of the Peloponnesian War, he mentions that Greece was made poor by piracy in a previous age. Is this considered to be a reference to the events of the Iliad/Bronze Age Collapse?

[@louisehitchcock6438]

Thucydides was 500-1000 years later than what we are discussing. How well do you remember stuff from that long ago.

[@samuelgagnon-hartman9175]

@@louisehitchcock6438 good point

[@lecrampierre1421]

Hell ya!!! Pirates!!!! Bronze Age!!!! Sea People's!!! This piece falls short of perfection only because it features zero scenes exploiting gratuitous shots of boobies ( regardless of how non sequitur they may be to the plot).

[@TheMrgoodmanners]

I see bronze age I do what I do best, I click like. I'm I the only one who thinks this period was more sophisticated than the neo classical period that saw the entry of the roman empire and it's aftermath? I particularly find medieval history extremely primitive

[@louisehitchcock6438]

You're not alone

[@slightlybetterthanaveragej6777]

@29:00 Couldn't they also simply have temporary shelters at various places, or, simply stay within warmer/safer harbors in the bad weather months? I wonder if the meaning of living on their ships isn't something like an OTR trucker. My freind "lived" on the road; 3 weeks on, 1 week off. The company paid for hotel. He socked up his money, didn't pay useless rent for a home he wouldn't be in. What if pirates or traders simply did this, in a way? You save all your money for a ship. You set sail, you trade and trade and trade. Season comes to a close, and you are nowhere near home. Before long, you haven't been "home" for any length of time, so you simply stay on your ship. Now, what happens if you sail to another port, fall in love, marry, have kids, kids never really ever even know what home is, except for a ship that moved from port to port.... I know this must have happened. It's what I think I would have done. Also, I would like to know what the etymological connection between the "ach" in Achaean, and the various languages of the Mediterranean that used some phonetic form of "aqua". I'm no scholar, but, it seems to me that if there is a connection between "Ach" and water, well, isn't this equivalent to "water people", or "people of the water", or, heaven forbid, "Sea People"? Were these originally just Minoan traders who simply clung to the sea, becoming something other than Minoan through custom, culture and intermarriage? We would never know, without finding some great hidden literary work unknown to anyone for 3400-ish years....

[@louisehitchcock6438]

We talk about this in an article on academia.edu

[@slightlybetterthanaveragej6777]

@@louisehitchcock6438 i see several interesting papers.... I have my intellectual candy for a few days.....

[@tacocruiser4238]

Piracy would continue to be a problem until Pompey Magnus decided to stop it. It wasn't even that difficult to stop piracy but nobody had ever bothered to try before Pompey.

[@louisehitchcock6438]

There needs to be a national or international will.

[@louisehitchcock6438]

If you're super interested, there's a book by Ormerod that pulls together all of the classical references on piracy.

[@RadAl-123]

Sea peoples arrangements of their hairs and heads by that way possible ritual or to distinguish themselves as a cult.

[@RadAl-123]

How pharaoh armies knew of approach of the sea people's to their land, the coast is too long, And why the Philistines didn't anchor in areas far away from cities , areas with water resources and vegetations... Unless in their mind attacking cities for certain reasons... Two expeditions of attacking Eqypt failed...

[@djribz]

The Phoenecians wanted to take back egypt from the babylonian monotheistic imperialists.

[@EricSmalls]

Source for egyptian royal navy burial?

[@BOIOLA08]

The animations are cool. Is it RTW? New Game or DLC?

[@dalemartin8475]

Achilles wore that Bronze Age armor at troy and his ankles were the only part exposed, that's how it was remembered by Homer's time. Remus and Romulus we descended from slave taken from Troy. Maybe.

[@dadsonworldwide3238]

Interpretation of 2 people at the same event never see things the same. Its never just one correct view of history. You could have peoples witnessing pirates have success against their tyrannical gov and simply felt that they could also successfully rebel.

[@hellavadeal]

How did the Phoenicians survive the fall of the bronze age ?

[@Create35253]

Some sea pirates who became the sea people of the Bronze Age came from coastal areas of southern Italy Sardinia eastern Sicily coastal areas of Mycenaean Greece Crete and from the coastal regions of western turkey south western turkey they came into alliance with a group of bandits from Libya and from urgarit. Some of these people who became pirates were from poor families they used piracy as a means to get booty aka money to survive some of them became useful soldiers to the Egyptians the Egyptians gave them colonies in the land of Canaan which was once a part of the great Egyptian empire. Story of the sea people has always fascinated me a story of a large scale pirate invasion of the known civilisations of the Bronze Age. Does anyone watch history time.

[@louisehitchcock6438]

Actually, Egypt seemed to lose it's grip on Canaan. I prefer the term military entreprenuer to bandit or pirate

[@Create35253]

@@louisehitchcock6438 to some degree 📜 you are definitely right you are quite well versed in this subject matter of the Bronze Age world at one time I was watching an episode of the Nordic Bronze Age amazing stuff.

[@louisehitchcock6438]

@@Create35253 Thanks. We also have a specialist on modern piracy in our history department. He was very helpful in recommending readings

[@AbuSous2000PR]

after Ferdinand and Isabela kicked out the muslims (arabs, spanish and north African muslims) from Spain... those who went to Libya, Tunisia and Algiers..retaliated for centuries..the southern Europe was almost depopulated.. this even affected Palestine where i am from... Jaffa was raided many times... the coastal region was emptied almost..and my family went to the Jerusalem mountains

[@tonyjemz777]

Those Pirates you speak of were originally from Africa!!✊🏿🌍

[@billthomas7644]

Everyone was originally from Africa.

[@RhyKnizzo]

PLST = Pelesgians of Argos??

[@richarddelotto2375]

Excellent presentation. Comments: (1) Horned helmets just do not strike me as a good idea... do you REALLY want to capture, and not deflect, a head-strike? It is very distracting, possibly permanently. Anyone interested, Schola Gladiatoria and Tod's Workshop have DETAILED KZbin analyses of armor types relevant here. (Leather and linen WORKED) HEMA practitioners are doing a form of "experimental archeology"... (2) I still do not grasp the nuances between piracy and raiding... a normal, widespread practice throughout history. Similar thing with migrations and invasion in preState times. There are differences that might not have been apparent to those perpetrating or experiencing it. (3) Absence of weapons, presence of tools... Isaiah 2-1-22 came to mind (after being looked up...) Is a long-handled flail a tool or a weapon? What about a sickle? Is that just a pointy stick, or is it a spear? Slings would leave few remnants, except dented skulls I guess. The villages of Sparta lacked walls too--- Good show, needing a second listen!

[@lecrampierre1421]

Both the Horned Helmets and the loñg hair are a bad idea in hand to hand combàt. I am fifty years old...I wrestled in highschool, practiced Hapkido (Sun Moo Kwan) for 15 years, Been in a dozen street fights. First thing I am looking for is head control over my opponent I grab your long hair or that horn in a heartbeat to control you. Maybe the Horn was reserved for commanders or as a sign of rank?

[@lecrampierre1421]

Many many common tools ,used for farming etc. Were modified for use as weapons In the absence of swords, spears and other state provided weapons. Sickles, hammers, clubs were often used until other weapons could be captured or secured.

[@MarkVrem]

These helmets were made of weaker metals, Bronze at best. Look at the boar tusk helmet. The preference due to the cost/softness of metals, unless made really heavy making them unwearable... That being said ridges on later helmets did exist. The Romans had ridges to help deal with blows from above such as from the Dacian falx. A Horn or a bone will still take a hit before that hit makes contact with your actual helmet. ... Some of the larger horned helmets were definitely used for signaling by captains/generals. They probably had feathers or flags attached to them. Today Tanks use space of air in between plates as anti-missile. So having a horned bone take a hit first, Then there being space to give and then the actual helmet does make sense in some context.

[@MarkVrem]

@@lecrampierre1421 The long hair ones are made out of horsehair. This was used all the way through Napoleonic Wars. Still is used today in parades. It usually signifies a horseman or nobility. Probably a charioteer back then. Usually, the hair comes out of a 1-inch tube sticking on top of the helmet. That 1" extra padding on top would help soften some blows from above. As it adds structured space.

[@lecrampierre1421]

@@MarkVrem Ahhhhhh.......

[@0leandr1]

I think piracy definition should be completely revised here. You are applying modern "piracy" definition which is defined by NAVY. If navy exists piracy is what navy will chase and get rid of. If there is no navy - then things get blurry. For instance, Vikings were pirates by name ("going viking" means to pirate) but they were in fact armed merchants. They were their own security for the commodities they had for trade. So the difference between parties is who is attacking who at the moment because all the parties are equally armed. Because until Roman times there were no navy eradicating pirates in the Mediterrean, it is hard to believe any merchant woud go armless. Quite opposite - we know trade caravans where trade-military enterprises in which professional warriors took part in. So all the Somalian piracy comparisons are completely unlikely - this kind of piracy exists only because of just one reason: UNARMED SHIPS (until modern times - with warriors, as attack was only possible by direct clash and boarding) With ships properly armed you need bigger and faster ships to pirate making it bigger enterprise on state/tribal level. And this bring wars into account. So the Bronze Age piracy could only exist using as many as big ships as were used in armed merchant convoys, which in fact meant a tribal organization hostile towards sea trade... With sea people fostering on sea trade - looks like civilizational downfall.

[@mariadelpilarllona4753]

Etimólogo of the word pirate would solve the question

[@lecrampierre1421]

Didn't Trump build a wall to keep the damn Sea People's out?

[@djribz]

Trump is on the side of the seapeople. He loves comerce, hates taxes and kills Iranian warlords.

[@apextroll]

In b4 people claim responsibility for the bronze age collapse...No?

[@gregkosinski2303]

That’s not how you spell Aaron. Or Mayer.

[@klavsmackeprang902]

In Denmark we know them as vikings from the tribe of Dan or phoenicians.I am convinced that is vikings origins,but that means they pop up 1000years later,and that does not make any sense

[@louisehitchcock6438]

No evidence for connecting these things

[@klavsmackeprang902]

@@louisehitchcock6438 To me it is like saying there is no evidence of fraud in american elections,but I will go on researching my theory from Dan-mark

[@dgetzin]

4:00 Usually negative portrayals? Is she seriously expecting any positive portrayals of pirates? She must be the kind of historian who would say “let’s look at the GOOD side of Gengis Khan!”

[@louisehitchcock6438]

If you look at the historical account of how people end up as pirates, some had no choice, for some it was class warfare. My point was that portrayals are negative because they are written by official sources.

[@dgetzin]

@@louisehitchcock6438 Quick on the draw. There is an implicit assumption in your historiographic reasoning in that statement. You think the portrayals are negative because the sources were official? So unofficial sources would have found the murderer theft rape and slave-taking positive? The negative portrayal may just be because the pirates were doing horrible things. There is an ethical dimension to your kind of moral relativism.

[@louisehitchcock6438]

@@dgetzin I think history is often written by the winners. I have no intention of defending the bad behavior of pirates, which you have already pointed out. Life was also hard under state actors, such as the treatment of children in the Royal Navy. Slavery and piracy go hand in hand, but it was again state actors buying the slaves. I doubt that pirates would say nice things about themselves. My point is simply if we had there side, we'd understand their culture better. I wrote about the topic because I found it interesting, not because I have a thing for pirates or what they did. Pirates also moved wealth and capital around. This was a positive outcome of piracy, however, I don't condone these actions. As a prehistorian, I have nothing to say about Genghis Khan.

[@johnmichael9713]

Maeir is too loud compared to Hitchcock, and I'm not going to keep adjusting the volume down for him and up for her, so goodbye. Better luck getting your sound right in the future.

[@Johnny_Tambourine]

I love how they speak about not pushing modern ideas onto ancient cultures but in the same breath say women in the Bronze Age were warriors and led armies without offering up a single instance of this happening. Instead I think it's symptomatic of the recent push to rewrite history to satisfy some peoples ideals. Women in war just didn't normally happen. It was an exception & not a rule. It's not about any current day issue or sexism. It's a biological fact that female humans are not as physically as strong as males. The current mass media showing women warriors slicing through armored Roman soldiers is fantasy based on radical social justice. No matter how many videos are posted on KZbin you are not going to rewrite history. And trying to empower women by turning them into men is just plain ridiculous and sexist.

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

1/3 of all Scythian female burials have revealed them to contain weapons, Roman sources wrote about female warriors throughout the Celtic world...... we have plenty of evidence of women on the battlefields of the ancient world. It wouldn't be shocking to see a woman among the Sea Peoples participating in their activities, I'd suggest actually studying history and attempting to get over your sexist handicap.

[@louisehitchcock6438]

Female pirates are well known from 18th c North Atlantic pirates

[@gioseanuandrei5489]

Waste of time. They are not sure, they don't know etc.

[@bUwUmer1260]

I don't really like this format, it's like a talk show. Much prefer the historical documentary format better

[@louisehitchcock6438]

You get what you pay for? lol

[@bUwUmer1260]

@@louisehitchcock6438 lol i get it lol. Yeah im not paying for it, but i can have an opinion. I enjoy the content they produce in that vein.

[@louisehitchcock6438]

@@bUwUmer1260 I suspect docos have bigger budgets. All of us are volunteering our time, & for Nick it's a labor of love as he has a day job. The thing is that he gets an impressive number of experts. Historical documentaries are of widely varying truth quality.

[@bUwUmer1260]

@@louisehitchcock6438 I think you are misunderstanding me. I mean to say his other videos are in a format i like better. There's like two main formats on this channel, this one(interview style), and another where they do like a documentary.

[@bUwUmer1260]

@@louisehitchcock6438 like the one on ancient canonite religion, I like those ones:)

[@douglaskingsman2565]

The Hittites (or Mycenaeans) would not have had women warriors or kings. There were other ways women expressed their power, i.e., wise women (shamans) & priestesses. Nice try by Dr Hitchcock to try to impose our values on patriarchal ancient kingdoms.

[@alejandrobolanos4655]

Talking heads and "podcasts" on history are very boring vs regular scripted videos

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

Though I love scripted episodes, this episode is geared more toward people who want a more in depth and academic approach. Deeper eps aren’t for everyone! I’ll take a scholarly approach over pop history any day.

[@ashlarblocks]

Maybe you should just watch a movie

[@gregkosinski2303]

That’s not how you spell Aaron. Or Mayer.