Sara Maria Hasbun - Which Asian Language Should I Learn?

Consider learning an Asian language! If you think you know how language works, dipping your toe into a Sinitic, Japonic, or Austronesian language will turn your preconceived knowledge of "language rules" on its head. So that you can choose the Asian language that is most fascinating to you, I'll break down a bit of grammar, phonology, syntax, and lexicon rules for Mandarin, Cantonese, Korean, Japanese, Vietnamese, Thai, Malay, and Indonesian, and I'll talk a bit about the culture and countries that comes along with these fascinating languages.
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[@sleepsmartsmashstress740]

Which Language Should one Learn? The one in which you get so deeply immersed that you get into Flow State

[@dwaynekristopher4365]

you probably dont care but if you are stoned like me atm then you can stream all the new movies and series on InstaFlixxer. I've been streaming with my gf for the last months =)

[@callumaden9373]

@Dwayne Kristopher definitely, I have been using Instaflixxer for since december myself :)

[@YogaBlissDance]

I know it shoudl be based on the culture that you are drawn to, not just an academic exercise! So the concept is weird.

[@mariasophie167]

Wow, that was really interesting! I thought at first "oh well, I'm already learning Japanese", but it got me really interested in learning Chinese! I'll definitely keep that in mind and I didn't know how the Asian languages are connected.

[@5Gazto]

I know both, they are astoundingly difficult for Westerners, given that they have very little in common with European languages.

[@cloeye32]

I love Japanese in Cantonese along with thai those are my favorite Asian languages but I would learn a smidge of Mandarin just because it would give me a chance to come out of my comfort zone in regards to that language.

[@HaruEb]

It's wild to me to have an overview of Japanese grammar/conjugations without mentioning the formality levels which make for a pretty decent challenge for learners. Funny that she mentioned it for Korean but I guess she's more familiar with it.

[@anires1195]

She kind of did but true, basically they both have the same formality.

[@coolbluetunes9885]

@@anires1195 korean has more levels

[@cristinatorrent990]

I'm catalan and I will confirm that if you say to us that we speak a dialect of spanish we'll get very very very mad. If you were to put it as a dialect it would make more sense to say that it comes from italian as it shares more in common with catalan than spanish does, but then you see that it is clearly a language like any other romance one (let's add that catalan has a very rich vocabulary and keeps alive the occitano-romance branch that is disappearing:)) but people just say it is a dialect because it isn't spoken much.

[@AbdulRahman-vz2ng]

Thank you.I am learning Mandarin...a beginner

[@5Gazto]

You know more languages than I do. Congrats!

[@petra1995]

Damn I wanted to eventually learn Korean after getting a decent level of Mandarin (ie like several years from now), but now I'm scared ...and intrigued.

[@blankblank7101]

Personally I've found the counter to its difficulty is how good their entertainment business is. There is plenty of material for listening practice and you won't be bored doing it.

[@brandongarcia2765]

I don't think learners of Korean should be discouraged by knowing that verb conjugations are "complex." Everything is hard or complex to some degree, but people nonetheless still speak that language. I think the more opportunities to use them will reinforce learning. Just do it.

[@itschostudies5407]

as an indonesian, i grew up being a bilingual. my mother tongue is javanese, i practically use it everyday at home, to my family & my close friends. but bahasa indonesia, i dont really remember but i remember i can 'officially' read since i was 2 and a half yo, which the books, the comics anything were written in bahasa indonesia. hence my speaking of bahasa indonesia sounds 'medhok' because of my daily javanese. fun fact tho, javanese itself kinda have more than 1 dialect, in my province (special region of yogyakarta) the javanese is more soft spoken. yes, javanese has speaking level whether youre speaking to someone younger/older/respected person. from the province of central java, the javanese is also soft spoken, yet there are some differences in the vocabulary. then to the province of east java, the javanese is more... how do i say it, its like youre talking when youre mad, but not really, their daily chat kinda considered "cursing" in central java & my province... some of the vocabulary are different too. another fun fact, the province of west java, they dont speak javanese, they speak sundanese. well in this 1 densed island of java there are probably 3 different ethnic languages with a lot of different dialects.

[@sadhbh4652]

Excellent talk Sara Maria. I am oscillating between Korean and Mandarin. I still don't know, even though your talk has me leaning a little more towards Mandarin.

[@nativitymusic]

I can verify that finding Tagalog text online is difficult and finding actual books written in Tagalog/Filipino/Pilipino is almost impossible LOL. I'm an American Filipino that's been fortunate enough to have been going back to the motherland throughout my whole life starting when i was 5 and recently I've been on a hunt for books written in Tagalog. When i was back home in Manila I'd ask the cashiers at book stores in the mall if they had any books written in Tagalog and they only had two books, Noli and Fili by Jose Rizal. Maybe that and the obvious Filipino to English dictionaries. But they would always look at me like i was crazy for looking for books written in Tagalog. There was an era in the 50s/60s of authors in the Philippines who were trying to make writing literature in Tagalog a thing, but that didn't last very long. Good luck to anyone searching. Let me know if you find any.

[@estrafalario5612]

Then the only writing we can get is journals, blogs and the like? What a pity! Aren't there literature books translated into Tagalog, even bestsellers like Harry Potter?

[@nativitymusic]

@@estrafalario5612 it's out of print and it looks like they're not doing any additional runs for the Harry Potter series =/

[@evanfont913]

Any idea why Thai grammar would be considered “Hard” compared to Vietnamese or the Chinese languages?

[@mabworld5]

Punjabi (shah mukhi)

[@NikhileshSurve]

36:50 Did he referred to Indonesian languages as 37:15 Indonesian dialects? Or is he just talking about dialects of Bahasa Indonesia?

[@shamimmir361]

All languages are same but we make it difficult in brain ...language structures are same but we get wrong concept when we try to learn any language..just listening is powerful tools in every language...hearing...

[@BagOCheetos]

Do you mean all language is natural? Because not all languages are the same.

[@shamimmir361]

@@BagOCheetos yes...

[@BagOCheetos]

@@shamimmir361 Explain please. I am curious.

[@shamimmir361]

@@BagOCheetos whch language u learning

[@BagOCheetos]

@@shamimmir361 I just started Spanish. But I am a student of linguistics.

[@Copilot1204]

It's weird I've been learning Spanish so long and I've kind of hit a brick wall per se, and it's just getting boring even though in close to hitting the super conversational level . In the past I had no interest in any of the Asian languages but japanese and chinese are calling my name .

[@nawfelmoumen1910]

Where is Hindi Urdu and Bengali ?

[@guilhermefigueiredo766]

31:17 This exist in mandarin with "b" "p" and "d" "t" and "j" "zh" and "ch" "q" and etc., but she says that is easy the pronunciation of mandarin, remebering that have this difficult and look alike sounds with the tones, so the pronunciation of mandarin is not so easy how she has said. And the people that speaks cantonese don't learn the "form" written of mandarin, both languages use almost the same writting system, but cantonese use the tradicional characters and in mainland China use simplified, and the structure order in cantonese is different so they can write the same characters with almost the same meaning but in some diferent structure.

[@beautifulbeautiful7556]

I wish You don't misunderstand your mother in law so much

[@Abeturk]

The language of Thoeruk people living on the planet W.. Mak/Mek...(emek)=exertion (process) Çün=(chun)=factor Ka=(Qua)= (which) U=(ou)= it's (that) (Ka-u)= Ki=(Qui)=which that (Çün-ka-u)=(factor-which-that) =Çünki =(c'est-pour-quoi)=(that's why)=(therefore)= Because U-Çün = that Factor İçün=it's for= için=for Gel-mek için = for coming =(it's factor to the process of coming) Görmek için= for seeing Gitmek için= for going for deriving new adjectives from verbs A/e=to ...A/e U-Çün =It's Factor To .. suffixes..(Icı-ici-ucu-ücü) (the pronunciation is like~yuji) (geç-e-u-çün) =it has the factor to pass =Geçici = transient /temporary (uç-a-u-çün) =it has the factor to fly = Uçucu = volatile (kal-a-u-çün) =it has the factor to stay = Kalıcı = permanent (yan-a-u-çün) =it has the factor to burn out = Yanıcı = flammable (yanıcı madde=flammable material) (bağla-y-a-u-çün) =it has the factor to biind/connect = Bağlayıcı = binding/connective for deriving new adjectives from nouns and adjectives Çün=factor (agency /being agent of..) suffixes.. (Cı-ci-cu-cü) or (Çı-çi-çu-çü) = (jui / tchui ) Yaban-cı = (outsider)=foreign-er İş-çi= work-er kapıcı=doorman demirci=ironsmith gemici=sailor denizci=seaman for deriving adjectives from the numbers U-Ne-Çün =that-what-factor suffixes..(Ncı-ncu-nci-ncü) (Bir-u-ne-çün)=Birinci= ~first (initial) (İki-u-ne-çün)= İkinci= second (Üç-u-ne-çün)= Üçüncü=third (Bin-u-ne-çün)=Bininci=thousandth (Ou)=U=( it's - that) (Mã-u)=(Mu)=Bu= this (Thã-u)=(Tsu)=Şu= that (şu=~xiou) ..(ts=~th)=θ (Hã-u)=(Hou)=O= it (he /she) (Al /El)=(bearer /carrier) (Iz- uz) = S (plural suffix for doubling) Der/Dar=(der)= diger= other ...(dar)=(nearest to the other) (Ler/Lar= plural suffixes) (ɜ:ne)=Eun= Ön= (fore/first) = uno/ one (ön,ce=~first,ly)-(öncesi=~before)-(öncü=pioneer) (Kendi= own)=(Ka-eun-de-u= which's at fore/which one at first) (ɜ:z=euz=Öz= self ) (kendisi=own self/ oneself) (This one)= Mu-eun= (Men)= Ben= Me (That one)= Tsu-eun= (xien/thien)= Sen= You (These ones)= Mu-eun-iz=(miŋiz)=Biz = We (Those ones)=Tsu-eun-iz=(siŋiz)= Siz =You (Plural) Ou-al=Ol =O= it (he /she) El=someone else (bearer / hand) (El-der)= Eller= other people (different persons) Ou-al-dar= (Ouldar) =Onlar (The bearer and other-s nearest to it/him) Ou-eun-dar= (Ondar)=Onlar= They Dayı=(maternal) uncle Dayım=my uncle Dayımlar=my uncle and other ones closest to him=(~my uncle and his family) or (~my uncle and his close friends) Dayılarım=my uncles ikiz=(two similar ones) =twin ikiler =two and other dual ones üçüz=(three similar ones)=triplet üçler = three and other triple ones Men-niŋ=Meniŋ=Benim=My Sen-niŋ=Seniŋ=Senin=Your Ou-al-niŋ=Olniŋ=Onun=his/her/its Miŋiz-niŋ=Bizniŋ=Bizim=our Siŋiz-niŋ=Sizniŋ=Sizin=your (Plural) Ou-al-dar-niŋ=Oldarnıŋ=Onların=their Ka=(Qua)= which U=(ou)= it's (that) Ka-u=Ki=(Qui)=which that (Meniŋ-ka-u):=which that my...= benimki=mine (Seniŋ-ka-u):=which that your = seninki=yours (Olniŋ-ka-u):=which that his/her/its= onunki= his/hers/its Annemin pişirdiği tavuk çorbası =(Anne-m-niŋ Biş-dir-di-ka-u Tavğuk Şorba-tsu)= the chicken soup which (that belong) my mom cook-ed... Arkadaşımdan bana gelğen mektubu okudum= (Arkadaş-ım-dan baŋ-a (gel-ka-eun) mektup-u oku-du-m)= I've read the-letter (which-one-comes) from my friend to me Sen eve giderken = (Sen Ev-e Git-e-er u-ka-en) = (that-which-time You get-to-Go to-Home)= While you go home Seni gördüğüm yer = (Sen-u Gör-dü-ka-u-m yer) = (which-that-place (belong) I Saw (that) You) = Where I saw you İşe başlayacağı gün= iş-e başla-y'a-çak-ka-u gün (.Ki o gün işe başlayacak)=(which) the day s/he's gonna start to work

[@Abeturk]

The names of some organs in our body In turkish.. Ak= ~each one of both Yan= side Yan-ak= each of both sides=Yanak=the cheek Kül-ak = each of both roses=Kulak= the ear Şak-ak=şakak Tut-ak=dudak=the lip Dal-ak=dalak=the spleen Böbür-ak=böbrek=the kidney Paça-ak=bacak= the leg Paytı-ak=(phathiack)fatyak..hadyak...adyak..=Ayak= the foot Taş-....= Her iki-ciğer...=Akciğer=the lung Tül-karn-ak =the covering of each one of both (dark-covert) periods= her iki karanlık çağı örten (tül). Zu'l-karn-eyn=the owner of each one of both time (periods) Dhu'al-chorn-ein=two horned one=Herne the hunter= Cernunnos

[@Abeturk]

Question words in turkish .. (Mu)=Bu= this (Tsu)=Şu= that...(ts=~th))=θ (peltek S) Ka=(Qua)= (which) U=(ou)= it (that) (Ka-u)= Ki=(Qui)=which that Ne = what (Ça -çe)(Ca-ce)= As An (en) = time (moment) Dem= time (demurrage) Vakit= (time) while Saat=hour / o'clock (Tsu-dem-an)=(the-time-moment)=- Zaman =the time (Dem-u-en)= Demin= Just now Di= now on (Tsu-dem-di)= Şimdi=(the-time-new on)= now Tsu-an=Şu an= this moment (now) Tsu-an-da =Şu anda= right now (currently)(at present) Hal= situation (status) Hal-en =Hâlen= currently Hâlã= still Henüz=yet Hazır=ready (Hal-i hazır-da)=hâli hazırda= at present Hem-di =emdi=imdi=Now on Hem-an =Hemen=(all the same-as moment)(exactly the same time)=in no time (Hem-mã)=not exactly (the same) / not really ...(amma) Ama= but (An-ça)= Anca =as moment= (just) for now (An-ça-ka-u)= Ancak =here now just this=(just this for now)=all but=( but just this ? ) Denk=(deng)=equal Denge=balance (equilibrium) ....(deŋer)=değer=value Dar= nearest to the other- (narrow) Dara=specific weight (Ka-dara)= which specific weight.. (Ka-değer)= which value.. (Ka-dar)= which proximate Kader=~potential (measure) Kadar=extent (Ka-u)=Ki=(Qui)=which that=(it's so)= so that (Ka-u-mu)=(Ki-mu)=Kim=(which that so this)= Who? (ki-mu(=which that such this)=kimi=gibi=like) Ki-mu-tsu-ne=(kimesne)= kimse=any one (whosoever) (U-çün)= İçün=için= (that factor..)(because)= For.. (that's for) (Ne-u-çün)=Niçün=Niçin=(what-that-factor)= Why.. (what-for) Ne-ğe = Neye=(what to) what-where toward = ~for what Ne-u-ğe=Niye =(what that to )= Why (Çün-ka-u) =Çünki =(c'est-pour-quoi)=(that's why))=(therefore)= Because Ne-çe = Nece=How.. (like what) (as what) (Ne-u-çe) = Nice=what as that= how long... (how too much) (Ka-u-ne-çe)=qınça= how much that (Ka-ne-çe)=Kança =(which-what-as) (Ka-çe)=(which-as)= kaç..=how many..(how much) O Bunu Yaptığınca=Bu'nu yap-tı-ka-u-ne-çe= (how much (in that time) s/he did this)=as much as s/he does this O Bunu Yaptıkca=Bu'nu yap-tı-ka-çe= how many (in that time) s/he did this=as s/he does this (in each time) (Ka-ne-çe)=Kança ............(Ka-çe)=Kaç........ =How many (as a numerical quantity) (Ne-ka-dar)= Ne kadar =(what extent)= what-which-nearest= How much (as the attribute) Ne-ğe ka-dar= Neye kadar =what which closest to Ne-yir-ğe ka-dar=Nereye kadar =where which nearest to =where up to Ne zaman=When ......Ka-çe-an= Haçan= when.... Ne vakit= when Ne zamana kadar=(when which nearest to)= when up to Ne-yir-e-denk = Nereye dek=(where equal to)= where till Ne-yir-e denk-u-en= Nereye değin=(then where equal to)= where until Ne-zaman-a denk-u-en= Ne zamana değin=(when-equal-to-then)= when until (Ka-en)= Ken=which time=~(When) (U-ka-en)= İken = (that-which-time)=when it's (that when...) (Ka-ne-u) =Hani =which what so Ka-u-tsu= Kaysı.... Ka-ne-tsu=Hansı..... (Ka-ne-ki) = Hangi =which Ka-ne-ki-tsu=Hangisi=which one that Ka-yir= which place.... Ne-yir= what place Ka-yir-de= Kayda=harda= where.......Ne-yir-de= Nerde=nerede= where Ka-ile-u=Kalay....Ne-u-ile=Neyle....Ka-ne-deng =kanday........Ne-asıl=Nasıl= How Ne-de-en=Neden=thereat what (then at what reason)= why Ne-yir-de-en=Nereden (nerden)=thereat where =(1.where from)=(2.under what condition)=when- where and how Dã-en=(Dan-Den) =from (at.. then) (than) (thereat)

[@Abeturk]

21+ tenses in turkish language... Anatolian Turkish.verb conjugations A= To (toward)(~for) (for the thick voiced words) E= To (toward)(~for) (for the subtle voiced words) Okul=School U=(ou)=it= (it's that)=(it's about ) Git=Go (verb root) Mak/Mek (emek)=exertion /process Git-mek=(verb)= to Go (get-mek =to get there now on ) Gel-mek= to Come Gör-mek= to See 1 .present continuous tense (now or soon, right now or later, currently or nowadays) it's used to explain the current actions or planned events (for the specified times) YOR-mak =to tire (~go over it) (~ to try , to deal with this) (for the subtle and thick voiced words) A/e Yormak= to try only mentally (to arrive at a non-final conclusion) I/i/u/ü Yormak=to try both physical and mental about (to arrive wholly on it) is used as suffix="Yor" (iəʊr) positive. Okula gidiyorsun ( you are going to school)= Okul-a Git-i-yor-u-sen ( School-to Go-to-try it's-you) (You try-to-Go to school) Evden geliyorum ( I'm coming from home) = Ev-de-en Gel-i-yor-u-men ( Home-at-then /try-to-come-I-am) (from home I try to come) negative A)..Mã= Not B)...Değil= it's not (equivalent) examples A: Okula gitmiyorsun ( you are not going to school)= Okul-a Git-ma-i-yor-u--sen (School-to go-Not-it-try that-you) -(You that try-it's-not-Go to school) B: Okula gidiyor değilsin ( you are not going to school)=Okul-a Git-i-yor değil-sen (You aren't try(ing)-to-Go to school) Question sentence: Mã-u =Not-it =(is) Not it? is used as....suffixes ="Mı-Mi-Mu-Mü " Okula mı gidiyorsun? ( Are you going to school?)= Okul-a Ma-u Git-i-yor-u-sen ? ( To-school Not-it You-try-to-go ?)(~Towards the school or somewhere else are you going ?) Okula gidiyor musun? ( Do You go to school?)= Okul-a Git-i-yor Ma-u -sen ? ( To school Try-to-go Not-it-you?) (~Are you going or not going towards the school ?) Okula sen mi gidiyorsun ? (~Are you the one going to school ?) 2 .present simple tense ( it's used to explain our own thoughts about the topic) (everytime, always or never ,at all, often,rarely, any time or sometimes, now on, soon or afterwards, so it's possible of course inshallah) In the question sentences it's means: what do you think about this?, is not it so positive VAR-mak =~ to arrive (at) ...(to attain).....(for the thick voiced words) is used as....suffixes ="ar-ır-ur" ER-mek=~ to get (at) ...(to reach).....(for the subtle voiced words) is used as....suffixes ="er-ir-ür" examples Okula gidersin ( you go to school)= Okul-a Git-e-er-sen (You get-to-Go to school) Arabaya Biner (s/he gets in the car) =Araba-y-a Bin-e-er (s/he gets-to-ride to car) Kuşlar gökyüzünde uçar ( the birds fly in the sky )=Kuş.lar gökyüzü.n-de uç-a-var ( the birds arrive at flying in the sky) Gece olduğunda uyursun ( You sleep when it's night)= Gece ol-du-ka-u-an-da uyu,y-a-var-sen (You arrive in asleep at that which time it became night) Bunu görebilirler = (they can see this) = Bu-ne-u Gör-e-Bil-e-er-ler =(They-get-to-Know-to-See what's-This) =They've got inform to see this negative Bas-mak =to dwell on, (~ to press onto/into) (~to pass over) (for the thick voiced words) Ez-mek = to crush (~ to press down) (~to compress) (for the subtle voiced words) Mã= Not Ma-bas=(No pass)=na-pas=(not to dwell on)=(to give up)=(vaz geç-mek) (in the thick voiced words) suffix ="MAZ" Ma-ez= (No crush) =(do/es-not)=(to skip)=(es geç-mek) (in the subtle voiced words) is used as suffix ="MEZ" example Okula gitmezsin ( you don't go to school)= Okul-a Git-ma-ez-sen (You no-crush--Go to school)=( you skip of going to school) O bunu yapmaz (s/he doesn't do this) = Bunu yap-ma-bas ( s/he no-pass--Do this)=(s/he gives up doing this) Niçün şuna bakmazsınız = (why don't you look at that )=Ne-u-çün şu-n'a bak-ma-bas-sen-iz (2. plural)= what-that-factor at that you give up looking 3.simple future tense (soon or later) it's used to explain the events we thought that will happen Çak-mak =~to fasten ~to tack (for the thick voiced words) Çek-mek=~to attract , ~to will, ~to bring beside, ~to take (for the subtle voiced words) suffixes= ("CAK"-djäk) - ("CEK" -djek) positive.. Okula gideceksin ( you'll go to school)= Okul-a Git-e-çek-sen (~You bring (it in the mind)-to-Go to school) (~Attracts-you -to-Go to school) Ali Okula gidecek ( Ali is going to go to school)= Ali Okul-a Git-e-çek (~Ali takes (it in the mind)-to-Go to school) negative A. Okula gitmeyeceksin ( you won't go to school)= Okul-a Git-ma-e-çek-sen (You will-not-to-Go to school) B. Okula gidecek değilsin (the one is not you to go to school)= Okul-a Git-e-çek değil-sen (it's not you take-to-Go to school) 4 . simple past tense (currently or before) it's used to explain the completed events which that we're sure about Di = now on (anymore) Di-mek(demek) = ~ to deem , ~ to mean, ~ to think this way is used as...suffixes=.(Dı-di-du-dü) positive Okula gittin ( you went to school)= Okul-a Git-di-N Okula gittin mi ? (did you go to school ?)= Okul-a Git-di-N Ma-u ?( You went to school Not-it ?) Dün İstanbul'da kaldım (I stayed in Istanbul yesterday)= Dün İstanbul-da kal-dı-M negative Okula gitmedin ( you didn't go to school)= Okul-a Git-ma-di-N Bugün hiç birşey yapmadık (We did nothing today) =Bu,gün hiç bir,şey yap-ma-dı-K Beni zaten görmediler (They did not already see me) =Ben-i zaten gör-me-di-Ler 5 .storial past tense (which we did not witness)- (just now or before) it's used to explain the completed events which that we're not able sure about MUŞ-mak = ~ to inform , (muş=moush) (muşuş=mesaj=message...muştu=müjde=evangel) means... I'm informed about - I realized that- I got it- I learned such - I heard that - so they say...or it seems such (to me) if it's within any question sentence .Do you have any inform about? .do you know..have you heard?.are you aware?. or does it look like this? is used as suffixes= (Mış-miş-muş-müş) positive Okula gitmişsin ( I heard about) you went to school)= Okul-a Git-miş-sen (I'm informed about) You've been to school) Bir hata yapmışım (I realized I made a mistake) = Bir hata Yap-mış-men (Seems that I've made a mistake) negative A. Okula gitmemişsin (I heard that) you didn't go to school)= Okul-a Git-ma-miş-sen (I learned about) You're not gone to school) B. Okula gitmiş değilsin (I've been informed about) you hadn't gone to school)= Okul-a Git--miş değil-sen (Got it) You haven't been to school. İbrahim bugün okula gitmiş mi? (do you know /have you heard-Did Abraham go to school today?=(İbrahim bugün okul-a git-miş ma-u) 6.Okula varmak üzeresin (You're about to arrive at school) 7.Okula gitmektesin (You're in (process of) going to school) (~ you have been going to school) 8.Okula gitmekteydin (You had been going to school) 9.Okula gitmekteymişsin (I learned that /you had been going to school) 10.Okula gidiyordun (Okula git-e-yor er-di-n) (You were going to school) 11.Okula gidiyormuşsun (Okula git-e-yor er-miş-sen) ( I heard that) You are going to school)(2.I learned you were going to school) 12.Okula gidecektin (Okula git-e-çek erdin) (You would go to school after/then)(2.~I had thought you'll go to school)(3.~You'd said going to go to school) 13.Okula gidecekmişsin (Okula git-e-çek ermişsen) (I heard that) then You'd like to go to school)(2.I learned that you'll go to school) 14.Okula giderdin ( Okula git-e-er erdin) (You used to go to school bf) (2.~you would go to school bf/then) 15.Okula gittiydin ( Okula git-di erdin) ( I remember you went to school) (2.~I saw you'd been going to school) 16.Okula gitmiştin ( Okula git-miş erdin) ( I know that) you had gone to school) (2.~I had seen you went to school) 17.Okula gitmiş oldun( Okula git-miş ol-du-n) (you have been to school) Bu bir Elma = This is an apple Bu bir Kitap = This is a book Dur-mak=to keep to be present there Durur=it keeps to be present there is used as suffixes=(Dır- dir- dur- dür- or Tır- tir-tur-tür) It's usually used on the correspondences and literary language... (formal) Means within the official speeches =(that keeps to be present there) Bu bir Elmadır= (bu bir elma-durur)= This is an apple (that keeps to be present there) Bu bir Kitaptır= (bu bir kitap-durur)= This is a book (that keeps to be present there) Means within the daily speeches =( I think that or I guess that) (informal) Bu bir Elmadır= (bu bir elma-durur)= (I think) this is an apple Bu bir elma gibi duruyor=Looks like an apple is this Bu bir Kitaptır= (bu bir kitap-durur)= (I think) this is a book Bu bir kitap gibi duruyor=Looks like a book is this 18.Okula gidiyordursun =(Guess that) You were going to school /before or after that) 19.Okula gidiyorsundur =(I think that) then you are going to school ) 20.Okula gidecektirim =(Guess that- probably) I'd have going to school /before or after that ) 21.Okula gideceğimdir=(I think that) ~I'm going to go to school )(it's pointless to use about ourself) 21.Okula gideceklerdir=(I think that -probably) they are going to go to school ) 22.Okula gitmiştirler =(Guess that) they had gone to school /before or after that) 23.Okula gitmişlerdir = They have been to school (officially) 23.Okula gitmişlerdir =(Looks like that) they have been to school ) ....(informal) 16..."Okula gitmişlerdi"or"Okula gitmiştiler" =They had gone to school Anlayabilir misin= Aŋı-la-y-a Bil-e-Er Ma-u-sen? =Not-it-you Get-to-Know to-Understand = Can you understand ? Anlayabilirim= Aŋı-la-y-a Bil-e-Er-Men = I Get-to-Know-to-Understand =(I've got an inform to understand)= I can understand Anlayamam = Aŋı-la-y-a Al-Ma-Men = I doNot-Take-to-Understand = I can not understand Aŋ= moment Aŋı= memory Aŋıla=get via memory (save in memory)

[@Abeturk]

Deriving a new verb in turkish 1.(Der-mek= ~to set)..ter'kib ve ter'tib etmek ... (used after the verbs which ending with a consonant) Verb+Dar+mak=.. new verb (for the thick voiced words) Verb+Der+mek=.. new verb (for the subtle voiced words) (is used as) ...(Dar-der-tar-ter-ar-er) Dır-dir-dur-dür / Tır-tir-tur-tür / Ir-ir-ur-ür (akmak-aktarmak) (bakmak-baktırmak) (almak-aldırmak)(çıkmak-çıkarmak) (kaçmak-kaçırmak) 2.(Et-mek = ~ to make). (used after the verbs ending with a vowel sound and when the suffix "der" was used before) Verb+T+mak=.. new verb (for the thick voiced words) Verb+T+mek=.. new verb (for the subtle voiced words) (is used as) ...T (ıt-it-ut-üt) (akmak-akıtmak) (bakmak-bakıtmak)(yürümek-yürütmek) (yırmak-yırtmak) (öldürmek-öldürtmek) 3.(Eş=partner)..(together or with partner)-(all together or altogether)- (each other or about each one) (with someone or against the others) Verb+aŞ+mak=.. new verb (for the thick voiced words) Verb+eŞ+mek=.. new verb (for the subtle voiced words) (is used as) ...Ş (ış-iş-uş-üş) (bulmak-buluşmak) (görmek-görüşmek) (girmek-girİşmek) 4.(Al/el = to get it. by someone or something) Verb+aL+mak=.. new verb (for the thick voiced words) Verb+eL+mek=.. new verb (for the subtle voiced words) (is used as) ...L (ıl-il-ul-ül) (it's used to shorten some verbs as) ...N (ın-in-un-ün) (gitmek-gidilmek) (sevmek-sevilmek) (yemek-(yeyilmek)-yenmek) 5.(En=own diameter(self around)=(about own) Verb+aN+mak=.. new verb (for the thick voiced words) Verb+eN+mek=.. new verb (for the subtle voiced words) (is used as)...N (ın-in-un-ün) (görmek-görünmek) (bulmak-bulunmak) (yıkamak-yıkanmak) (kıvırmak-kıvranmak) Sar-mak= ~to encircle 1.Der- (Sar-dır-mak) 1/2.Et- (Sar-dır-t-mak) 3. Eş- (Sar-ış-mak) 4.Al- (Sar-ıl-mak) 5.En- (Sar-ın-mak) Sev-mek=~ to love 1.Der- (Sev-dir-mek) 1/2.Et- (Sev-dir-t-mek) 3. Eş- (Sev-iş-mek) 4.Al- (Sev-il-mek) 5.En- (Sev-in-mek) Mak/Mek...(emek)=exertion (process) Git=Go ...(verb root) Git-mek= to go (Git-der-mek)=(gittirmek)=1. Götürmek= to take away.....(2. gidermek=~to resolve) (Git-en-der-mek)=(gidindirmek)= Göndermek= to send Gel-mek= to come (Gel-der-mek)=(geltirmek)=Getirmek= to bring 1.Gelmek...2.Getirmek...3.Getirtmek...4.Getirttirmek..5.Getirttirtmek....and it's going so on.... Dür-mek=(dürmek)= to roll it up (to make it becomes a roll) Dör-mek= to rotate on its axis ( törmek=old meaning)-(to stir it , to mix it(current meaning)) (tör-çi=turqui)...(tör-geş=turkish)=tourist...(törük halk=mixed people) (Dör-en-mek)=dörünmek= to rotate oneself(old meaning)-(to turn by oneself(current meaning)) (Törn-mek)=Dön-mek=(dönmek)= to turn oneself (Dön-der-mek)=döndürmek= to turn it (Dön-eş-mek)=dönüşmek= to turn (altogether) to something (Dön-eş-der-mek)=dönüştürmek= to convert it into Yürü-mek= to go on (to walk) (Yürü-et-mek)=yürütmek= to make this goes on (Yürü-et-der-mek)=yürüttürmek=to be provider ensuring this is going on present simple tense for positive sentences Var-mak= to arrive (at)...(for the thick voiced words) (positive suffixes)=(Ar-ır-ur) Er-mek= to get (at) ...(for the subtle voiced words) (positive suffixes)=(Er-ir-ür) for negative sentences Ma=not Bas-mak= to dwell on .... (to press onto/into) (to pass over) (negativity suffix)=Maz=(ma-bas) =(No pass)=na pas=not to dwell on= ~give up =(~vaz geç-mek) ...(for the thick voiced words) Ez-mek= to crush...(to press down) ( to compress) (negativity suffix)=Mez=(ma-ez) =(No crush)=(do/es not)= ~skip =(~es geç-mek)...(for the subtle voiced words) (Uç-mak)= to fly (Uç-a-var)= Uçar= that flies ( gets to fly) (Uç-ma-bas)= uçmaz= doesn't fly (~gives up flying) (Uç-der-ma-bas)=(uçturmaz)=uçurmaz= doesnt fly it (doesn't make it fly) (Uç-eş-ma-bas)=uçuşmaz= doesn't (all) together fly (Uç-al-ma-bas)=uçulmaz= doesn't get being flied Su=water (Suv)=fluent-flowing.....(suvu)=Sıvı=fluid, liquid (Süb-mek)=~ to make it flow outside(outwards) (süb-der-mek=süptürmek)=süpürmek=to sweep) Süv-mek=~ to flow inside(inwards) Say-mak=~ to make it flow (drop by drop)one by one (from the mind to the..) = ~ to count up, ~ to deem) Söy-mek=~ to make it flow from the tongue (Söy-le-mek= to make (the sentences) flowing by the tongue =~ to say, ~ to tell ) Sev-mek=~ to make it flow from the tongue (to the heart) = to love (Söv-mek)=~ call names Süy-mek=~ to make it flow from inside (süyüt) =Süt= milk Soy-mak=~ to make it flow over it/him/her ( to peel, ~to strip, ~to rob ) (Soy-en-mak)=soyunmak=to undress (Sıy-der-mak)=sıyırmak= skimming, ~skinning Siy-mek=~ to make it flow out =(peeing) (siyidik) =Sidik= urine Sür-mek = ~ to make it flow on (something) Süz-mek = ~ to make it lightly flow from up to downwards (~to filter, strain out) Sez-mek = ~ to make it lightly flow into the mind (~to perceive, to intuit) Sız-mak = ~ to get flowed slightly/slowly (~to infiltrate) Sağ-mak= ~ to make it pour down (Sağanak=downpour) (sağ-en-mak)=sağınmak=~ to make oneself pour from thought into emotions (Sağn-mak)=San-mak= ~ to make it pour from thought into an idea Sav-mak=~ to make it pour outside (2. put forward- set forth in) (sağan)=Sahan=the container to pour water (Sav-der-mak)=(savdurmak)= savurmak... (Sav-der-al-mak)=(savurulmak)= savrulmak (Sav-en-mak)=savunmak=to defend (Sav-en-al-mak)=savunulmak (Sav-al-mak)=savulmak=~to scatter around (Sav-eş-mak)=1.savaşmak=to pour the blood of each other=to shed each other's blood 2.savuşmak=to get spilled around.(altogether-downright)=(sıvışmak=~running away in fear).. (Sav-eş-der-mak)=1.savaştırmak=(~to make them fight each other).2.savuşturmak =(ward off-fend off) Sürmek = ~ to make it flow on (something) (Sür-e--er)= sürer = lasts, (goes on), (drives it) (Sür-der-mek)= sürdürmek= to make this to continue (~to sustain) (Sür-der-e--er)= sürdürür = makes it to last forward ,(makes it continue) (Sür-ma-ez)= sürmez = doesn't drive ... (2. gives up flowing on) (3. gives up going on) (Sür-der-ma-ez)= sürdürmez =doesn't make it go on (doesn't make it continue) (Sür-al-ma-ez)= sürülmez =doesnt get driven by any.. (2.doesnt get followed by any..) Sür-en-mek= sürünmek= (~to makeup) (~rides odor) (~to paint oneself) Sürü-mek= taking it away forward (or backward on the floor) (Sürü-e--er)=sürür=takes it away forward (Sürü-et-mek)=(sürütmek) sürtmek=~to rub (Sürü-al-mek)=2.sürülmek=to get expelled (Sürü-en-mek)=2.sürünmek=to creep on (Sürü-en--der-mek)=süründürmek=~to make it's creeping on (Sürü-et-en-mek)=sürtünmek=to have a friction (Sürü-et--eş-mek)=sürtüşmek=to get rubbed each other (Gör-mek)=to see (Gör-e-er)=görür=(that) sees.. (Gör-ma-ez)=görmez=(that) doesn't see (Gör-en-ma-ez)= görünmez= doesn't show ownself (doesn't seem) (Gör-al-ma-ez)= görülmez= doesn't get seen by any.. (Gör-eş-ma-ez)= görüşmez= doesn't get seen each other (Görs-der-ma-ez)=göstermez=(that) doesn't show (Görs)=(Khorus)=(one) eye=(pineal gland) Göz=Eye (Görs-et-mek)=(görsetmek)=to make it visible (Görs-der-mek)=göstermek=to show (Tanı-mak)= to recognize (Tanı-ma-bas)= tanımaz= doesn't recognize (Tanı-et-ma-bas)= tanıtmaz= doesn't make it get recognized (Tanı-en-ma-bas)= tanınmaz= doesn't inform about oneself =doesn't get recognized by any..(doesn't get known by any) (Tanı-eş-ma-bas)= tanışmaz= doesn't recognize each other (doesn't get known each other) Tanışmak= to get to know each other =(~to meet first time) Danışmak= to get information from each other 1.(la/le = to make via)-~getting by means of -....to do it through this...~getting with ..)... (used after the nouns and adjectives) (....le-mek-..la-mak.)....(...le-et-mek- ..la-et-mak) (..le-et-der-mek-...la-et-der-mak) (....lemek-..lamak.)....(...letmek- ..latmak) (..lettirmek-...lattırmak) Tıŋı=the tune (timbre) Tıŋı-la-mak= to take a sound out.. (Tınlamak=~answering and reacting )(~to take heed of) Tıŋ-mak= to react verbally Tiŋi-le-mek=to take a sound in.. (Dinlemek= to listen) Tiŋ-mek=(to get soundless)..(Dinmek= to calm down (to get quiescent) Tıngırdatmak=to try playing the musical instrument 2.(laş/leş =(ile-eş)= (to become equal to..) (to become the same of..) (used after the nouns and adjectives) (....leş-mek-..laş-mak.)...(..leş-der-mek-...laş-der-mak)....(...leş-der-et-mek- ..laş-der-et-mak) (....leşmek-..laşmak.)...(..leştirmek-...laştırmak)....(...leştirtmek- ..laştırtmak) 3.(lan/len =(ile-en)= (to become with)- (to get it by..)(to have it by..) (used after the nouns and adjectives) (....len-mek-..lan-mak.)...(..len-der-mek-...lan-der-mak)....(...len-der-et-mek- ..lan-der-et-mak) (....lenmek-..lanmak.)...(..lendirmek-...landımak)....(...lendirtmek- ..landırtmak) by reiterations (Parıl Parıl) parıl-da-mak= to gleam (Işıl Işıl) ışıl-da-mak= to shine (Şarıl Şarıl) şarıl-da-mak (Bangır Bangır) bangır-da-mak (Hüngür Hüngür) hüngür-de-mek (Kıpır Kıpır) kıpır-da-mak (Kımıl Kımıl) kımıl-da-mak (Zırıl Zırıl) zırıl-da-mak (Horul Horul) horul-da-mak (Vızır Vızır) Vızır-da-mak by colors Ak= white Ağar-mak = to turn to white Kara= black Karar-mak=to become blackened Kızıl= red Kızar-mak= to turn red (to blush) (to be toasted) Yeşil= green Yeşermek=to turn to green (come into leaf) Göğermek= to turn to blue Kırarmak=to graying Sararmak=to turn yellow Bozarmak=to turn to brown Morarmak=to turn to purple by a whim or a want Su-sa-mak= to thirst Kanık-sa-mak gülüm-se-mek= to smile küçüm-se-mek

[@beautifulbeautiful7556]

I think you just have lot of misunderstanding of Cantonese, when you say "Cantonese speaker write in Mandarin", it shows that your concept about Chinese has big mistake, I think you just mix up everything between 2 languages, Cantonese speaker write in Cantonese in Cantonese traditional system (which differs with the nowadays spoken Cantonese), so when a Cantonese speaker from Hong Kong and Macau read and write something, they are actually thinking it in Cantonese only,( they don't duel with anything with Mandarin), they would think it as the old Chinese speaking system in history (like Shakespeare, so not too old) ,so they just write(sometime saying )the old Chinese which same as the Chinese in the history in Hong Kong and Macau. so when some people make Mandarin became Chinese (in fact Mandarin was not even Chinese), they use the Cantonese writing system (and speaking system in history, as the speaking and writing system was the same in history in Cantonese, please don't forgot Cantonese was the official Chinese in history before the communist things ) and feel the feeling of old Chinese as it should be . so when you say " it is interesting to see Cantonese speaker to use Mandarin writing system", it just means you know nothing about it (I guess it probably because you has been cheated by a group of people, hopeful my explanation is clear enough to explain something really basic about Cantonese and Chinese , so next time when people in Hong Kong and Macau are writing or reading something (sometimes they would say it as well, so it's importance to know it) please notice that they are just reading it as what they should be in the old ( not too old) history , so they are not doing anything relate to Mandarin, as you know Mandarin is a new language than Cantonese, the fact is the Mandarin is using the recent old Cantonese writing system and make it became their language (not the other way round)(so they are using the recent old Cantonese grammar and vocabularies). (so basically you are just misunderstanding what your mother in law's saying, you should not think she" can only read Mandarin while she can't speak Mandarin. she can write a language she can't speak"(so you don't have to be surprised as your understanding about what is the language in Hong Kong and the Chinese language are just not right) , as the fact is she ONLY read it in Cantonese (as same as the old Hong Kong tradition and history) which has nothing related to Mandarin. hopefully you will find some correct information from Hong Kong people next time before you gave a talk. (don't be silly ,no one can read a language which they don't know, so you don't have to be surprised as you just mixed up everything.) (p.s. as I am afraid you still don't understand, so let's me summarized it : there is no such thing Cantonese speaker are writing in Mandarin, as they are just writing their own language which same as old Chinese in Cantonese.) hopefully you won't misunderstand your mother in law anymore as I am sure she will be really upset while someone misunderstand her language like this

[@wanderingdoc5075]

I have a question. 1. Is there any difference between Cantonese and what was spoken in China in the 1800s - 1900s ? 2. What's the difference between "Classical Chinese" and Cantonese? Thank you.

[@Rugged-Mongol]

No love for Mongolian or Tuvan? Pity, you're missing out folks. . .

[@MuttFitness]

Hard to find enough input to learn those.

[@BagOCheetos]

Hard to find any consistent streams of media even. Maybe if I could afford to travel there I would 😄. I even taught myself to throat sing by studying Huun Huur Tu. Alas, they are pretty small languages compared to ones that are widely spoken in the USA, so there are no immediate outlets to learn them.

[@momonatu4998]

Simplified characters are easier to learn? No! It's totally the opposite! The simplified characters actually lost their original appearance and with it their meaning as pictograms as well, which is why they are impossible to understand since their only purpose is to have less strokes, but it makes them look even more abstanct and therefore ironically harder to remember. I have never memorized them by heart, I have learnt them through logic thanks to their history (I was lucky enough to start with Japanese first). That's how people should actually learn them. The idea of the simplified character has been the worst decision in the reform of Mandarin. How Japanese grammar doesn't care about the time? That's actually not right or what did that mean?

[@beautifulbeautiful7556]

yes, you are right, I think she learn (has been cheated ) something from a group of people in mainland China (or the people just misunderstanding everything as please don't forgot everything in China has controlled, included information and knowledge), so lucky enough for you to know that the real difference between simplified and traditional Chinese. As you mention something about Japanese, I just want to remind you something (in case you don't know), (as I found the majority of translators translate almost everything incorrectly in the UK--at least 80% of them translate at least 80 % of article incorrectly from new Chinese to English, so the original sentences and the translations has nothing related with each other,( and they also translate almost 100%old Chinese incorrectly to English) and their understand of new Chinese vocabulary (at least 9x %) are incorrect and difference with what a native people thinking. I found there are 2 reasons for it from my experience: 1. they think the Chinese character has some relation with Japanese character, so some of them tried to find out the similarity between them and it cause them mix up everything (I was luckily enough that my Japanese teacher taught me that Chinese character has difference meaning with Japanese Character ( at least 99.9%) so I have never wasted my time and energy to find out what is the similarity between them, and finally I understand Chinese properly (I am native )and found that those Chinese character between 2 languages actually are not the same (in terms of the pronunciation and the meaning as well) . 2. I found that the (authentic Chinese from mainland China )professors in the UK and Mainland university intentionally taught Chinese incorrectly, so that is not possible for anyone understand Chinese correctly while the teachers intentionally do not want the students know the knowledge. I still don't know why they are doing it, but what is the point to study something which is wrong? so there is my suggestion for people who really want to learn Chinese and don't want to be cheated by the professors or teachers: please go to Tai Wan (they are teaching Chinese properly, at least you can understand every Chinese vocabulary correctly and so don't have misunderstanding, but they only teach Mandarin ) or please go to Hong Kong and find some "real authentic Hong Kong people" (as there are many people are pretending they came from Hong Kong even they have never been to Hong Kong " as your teachers, they will teach you Chinese properly and Cantonese as well. 3. please find a good dictionary which published from tai wan (as I am not sure what 's happening in Hong Kong publishing nowadays, )or from Hong Kong which published before 1997, so you will understand every Chinese words correctly , as the chinese words meaning are the same no matter which part of greater China, so having a good dictionary, you will have a good start with and won't memorize everything which is fake . 4 . please forgot those knowledge you have learned from university or the books which in the UK and mainland China if it's a translation from old Chinese to English, because everything they translate are incorrect, I guess that is because they were taught by those professors who intentionally teach Chinese incorrectly.

[@beautifulbeautiful7556]

In fact not just the understanding related to simplified and traditional Chinese she misunderstand, she even say Cantonese is more difficult to learn,so basically she are just saying something like those group of people and basically just saying thing like Catalan is a dialect of Spanish. and for those Mandarin research.....I could say most of them are fake ....just make up by a group of people....so there is no reason for me to compare these 2 languages as everything she say are basically not true as she just has lots of misunderstanding and mixed up everything.

[@momonatu4998]

@@beautifulbeautiful7556 What you explain is very interesting. But I am not sure whether you really understood my point. I have never compared the Chinese characters in Mandarin with those in Japanese and had no interest in doing so. I was talking about their etymology only, because the Japanese didn't simplify their characters! Having a common etymology doesn't necessarily mean that those languages use the characters in the same way (I have never said that!), not too mention they have the same pronunciation, that's pretty obvious I think, since Japanese hat nothing, really nothing to do with Chinese.

[@beautifulbeautiful7556]

@@momonatu4998 yes,it's true, i have just mentioned it as in case you don't know

[@wanderingdoc5075]

I memorized 1500 Japanese Joyou Kanji 2 years ago.. am just starting out Mandarin and it's been really easy to learn traditional Chinese characters. Meaning is built in, and even at my beginner stage I can guess the correct pronouciation of new characters (sans tone). I dread the day when I want to learn to handwrite Mandarin (1.5 yrs from now), because that means I'll have to learn simplified :/

[@ChineseZeroToHero]

Chinese

[@Sophia-bm7pb]

I think Thai grammar is not difficult to learn, it's similar with Vietnamese.

[@user-zw7ke4vi3k]

It unfair! Almost every European languages are Indo-European. But in east Asia there are 8 language family and 4 in south Asia, 4 in west Asia. Like inside Sinitic family we have 20 different languages and 250 dialects. In Tibetan-Burma we have hundreds of languages. Why you call yourself polylot when you only learn many languages in Indo-Europeans