Latin Pronunciation: Calabrese System for Classical Latin | Classical Latin Pronunciation Guide

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• Calabrese System Pronu...
Link to the paper "Evolution of Latin Short High Vowels" by Andrea Calabrese:
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[@GabrielDipo]

This roman citizen really fluent in english.

[@Stray___]

He served in the legion in Brittania. You can see by the legionary haircut.

[@matheusacoliveira]

@@Stray___ hahahaha

[@luissuarez5153]

He had an anglosaxon paidagogus when he was a child

[@badger1296]

*is

[@xtwogplays]

He's actually convincing me English isn't his first language in this video

[@eduardoschiavon5652]

It took me 15min into the video to realize that Calabrese is because of the author's name and not because it comes from Calabria 🤦‍♂️

[@alexandrasacaliuc2473]

Same ahahaha

[@nelsonartemio4218]

Ditto, lol!

[@thepolarbear8449]

Same here

[@rdespradel]

Hahaha, same! Ego stultus sum. :-)

[@iambecomechaos]

@@rdespradel Stultissimus tu es!

[@deepsolar169]

I absolutely love his energy. He's the the kind of teacher I would want in school.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Deep Solar thanks so much! 😃 I teach courses at AncientLanguage.com if you’re interested. Also see my channel ScorpioMartianus

[@erikrom11]

I'm not bad with my latin teacher, I mean, she's so nice and adorable. I would like her and this guy to be both my latin teachers

[@erikrom11]

@Peter Möller I'm not that grown up. I'm still taking classes on High School, but what you have recently said is so true. I can say I didn't have many good teachers, but I'll always remember those who were nice to me and made me learn a lot. My latin teacher and my German teacher are the best teachers I'll ever have, and I'm so happy I've met them and that we have shared joyfull moments. Pd: I'm Spanish and I'd love to learn Swedish

[@thegalamaysight]

I like also his body! :P

[@thegalamaysight]

Ego amo etiam corporem suum! :P

[@alpkaanaksu9326]

It's really weird when you speak English, I got used to hearing you speaking Latin all the time. Hahae!

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Hahahae! Optime!

[@Tflexxx02]

Or, he should be using something other than an American accent with English...like an Italian accent...or something.

[@icn2111]

I'm italian and I feel so honoured to be Italian when this guy talks about this nation and its language and its ancestors. For real. This channel is incredibly good and I wish it was much more known

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Molto gentile

[@AC-hj9tv]

I make-a da pizza too

[@enzo.toscana]

Idem. Stesso per mi.

[@antoniozaccaria1811]

The italian accent was perfect 😂😂👍🏼❤️

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Antonio Zaccaria grazie!

[@pursuitsoflife.6119]

He's Italian...

[@ZombiesSlaier]

@@pursuitsoflife.6119 italian american

[@keedt]

especially the hand gesture at around 10:25

[@superrobbi]

Bait for italians: every italian will come here thinking that citizens of Calabria speak the true latin

[@adastra3147]

cazzo mi hai beccato subito... GUILTY!!

[@piafounetMarcoPesenti]

Indeed, we in the North lost the correct way and were influenced by Germanic languages.

[@superrobbi]

@@piafounetMarcoPesenti un esempio per tutti, le celeberrime vocali turbate

[@piafounetMarcoPesenti]

@@ammazzamoro You are aware I wasn't making this remark in any negative sense, don't you?

[@rushwars3764]

Noi parlamu u calabrese 😂

[@GothicKin]

Italian speaking english impression: - Start: literal super Mario stereotype - After 5 seconds: so accurate it hurts knowing at one point I did speak like that

[@adastra3147]

ho pianto, poi ho riso, poi ho pianto perchè se ci penso è drammatico :D

[@steveneardley7541]

I was taught Latin at the University of Chicago by a Texan, who used completely unmodified Texan vowels. UGH!!! At the University of Wisconsin, my major professor studied Latin in Belgium. His Latin was not only very Italian sounding, but also extremely natural.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Yes! Belgians sound great when they speak Latin. I know a few.

[@compota334]

I could kiil for listening a texan dude speaking latin with a strong texan accent. xD

[@aadarshbalireddy2939]

@@compota334 I picture brad pitt speaking Italian in Inglorious Basterds as a close approximation

[@compota334]

@@aadarshbalireddy2939 beautiful moment

[@TheBayzent]

Imagine the face of a Roman centurion while he sees you talking to him with a Texan accent. "Quid est 'howdy'?" (Carefully reaching for his gladius)

[@UtentessaMascherata]

I'm from Sardinia and I always struggle with è and é, ò and ó in Italian. Phonetics lessons at Uni were so funny at first, couldn't get one right. 😂 Of course my friends from the rest of Italy make fun of me for the way I use vowels and my accent, but hey, I speak like Cicero!

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Right!

[@paolob.5667]

I'm from Bologna and we tend to open some random Os and Es. Like, in Bologna /perke/ becomes /perkε/, or we have no distinction between /peska/ or /pεska/, so that is sometimes a problem here too

[@SinilkMudilaSama]

Without you know, ya are a native speaker of latin, or better than this, prenative speaker. Nice for you.🥂🥂🥂🥂🥂🥂

[@carlsonmatthewt]

SO you should do a video so the rest of us (Anglophones) can actually hear it! !!! So funny to hear English-speakers teach how to speak Latinate languages.

[@SinilkMudilaSama]

Indeed, hodiern english is latine idiom english speakers should learn more neolatine pronounciation and latin pronounciation.

[@jonathansgarden9128]

I love your passion for the truth, as well as your humility to realize that there's no such thing as "wrong" and "right" language. Very well presented, sir! I am studying Latin because of you

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Much obliged!

[@TypicalRussianGuy]

Professors at my university sometimes ''correct'' me when they think I pronounce Latin words the wrong way. After that, I usually politely say ''thank you'' and explain to them that I used the Classical pronunciation, the way Cicero did. :-)

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Haha. Where do you live?

[@TypicalRussianGuy]

@@polyMATHY_Luke I live in Russia, Orenburg. :) Professors here usually use a variety of sounds which sound kinda medieval or late Vulgar Latin to me (I am not a specialist on this topic but, for example, the word Cicero for them is Tsitsero and Computatio is Computatsio and Praetor is Prétor)

[@DC-ct2ie]

@@TypicalRussianGuy i think it's like ecclesiastical pronunciation

[@TypicalRussianGuy]

​@@DC-ct2ie Ecclesiastical pronunciation is more modern than what they use, in my opinion. Well, we might call it ''ecclesiastical orthodox'' since they most likely also used this kind of Latin to teach Russian priests but most of them spoke very basic Latin anyways. By the way, I've also noticed German choral singers use this kind of Latin. The way they pronounce a lot of sounds in this variety of Latin is similar to the way you can hear it in Latin words in Russian, Polish, and German.

[@arx3516]

@@TypicalRussianGuy didn't the orthodox church use greek instead of latin?

[@johnberry3824]

This explains a lot. (Including how you seem so fluent in classical Latin!) I studied Latin in junior high & high school, and I remember well when our Latin teacher, John Zidik (who published his own learning-Latin book), came back from a conference all excited about the latest theory of classical pronunciation. That's when I learned to use short-i (which I remember more than short-u) in place of the Italianate pronunciation we were learning up till then. Now that I look up the original publication date of "Vox Latina," it turns out to be 1965: two years before my high-school graduation, while I was in the middle of learning Latin. In the spirit of "everything you know is wrong," I'm thoroughly enjoying this.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

John Berry absolutely fascinating! Yes, heh, the short i and u are suspiciously like English. I appreciate your keeping an open mind here too. 😊 Vowels can permanently change quality without having an intermediate stage.

[@ssssegal1436]

Thats why Spanish and italian turn the suffix into at the end of words.

[@prettymuchfitness3674]

Not Romanian. we have "u" endings. And I think Portuguese has "u" endings too but they are written as "o".

[@Ariom76]

@@prettymuchfitness3674 sardinian too has "u" at the end of the words.

[@prettymuchfitness3674]

@@Ariom76 Interesting. "u" club all the way!

[@tonytomato100]

@@Ariom76 scicilian has them as well

[@cesarestevez1706]

@@tonytomato100 Falas Latino ou English?

[@krisinsaigon]

What’s interesting about Sardinian, is that while it is the most unchanged from Vulgar Latin and the most conservative Romance language, back during the time of the Roman Empire the Latin spoken on Sardinia was a different dialect to the more standard form so it’s a conservative continuation of something that was actually quite different from standard Classical Latin Sardinia was settled by bronze age farmers from what’s now turkey who spoke an ancient pre indo European language and the Latin they used in classical times had a large sub strate of vocabulary from their ancient pre indo European language which other forms of Latin don’t have

[@lesilluminations1]

After being away from Latin for many years and now coming back to it , I have come to a conclusion about the benefits of studying Latin aside from the sheer pleasure of learning and imagining the ancient world through Roman eyes and ears (which is enough, really). If one agrees that writing is actually a form of thinking then studying the way the Romans wrote is in fact studying how they think. Therefore, the study of Latin is the study of the thought process, how thoughts are ordered and ideas developed. This might be said of any language except that the Latin "plan" as I think Hoyos described it, is so different from that of modern languages, the student is forced to really probe deeply into language construction and the relationships between words and ideas. This brings a whole new dimension to one's ability to analyse and make sense of things. That's my two cents anyway.

[@carlsonmatthewt]

Yes - Spoken, it was "vulgar", musical, intuitive and LOUD. Written - is how the cultivated classes communicated. Anything handed down to us ("tramondato") was impeccably curated and schooled, showing off rhetorical methods and levels, and complications of sentence and argument structure. Making sentences long and complex just before the point of "explosion", when sentences just can't take a grammatical content anymore.

[@creamofthecrop4339]

I think its great how you explain that no pronunciation is inherently "better" than any other - I prefer classical pronunciation but ecclesiastical is beautiful to listen to!

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Thanks! See this video: kzbin.info/www/bejne/sKKWd32Ensd-fs0

[@matthewheald8964]

He said that all of the alternate pronunciations were equal, not that they were just as legitimate as the reconstructed classical pronunciation. Historical accuracy is the defining factor.

[@moacirbarbosacastro8923]

​@@matthewheald8964 But how legitimate is reconstructed? How many different accents, way of speaking were there back then? It seems to me english, germans and other northern european latinists reconstructed latin to fit their on capabilities. Their pronunciation of the so called ''reconstructed classical'' sounds just like english juxtaposed to the language. I'm native of a neo-latin language and I laugh when I listening to the ''reconstructed classical latin'' spoken, it's just latin with germanic sounds. Which is ok but not the standard.

[@matthewheald8964]

@@moacirbarbosacastro8923What you’re addressing is not the reconstructed Latin that Luke espouses, nor from what you’re describing does it sound like any legitimate reconstruction. What you are describing sounds to me like the Anglophone/Germanic pronunciations of Latin with zero attention paid to the original phonology (e.g. pronouncing “AVÉ•CÆSAR” as “AH-vay KAI-sahr” in the English pronunciation); no phonemic vowel length, germinated consonants, or any effort to restore vowels or consonants to their original qualities so far as those qualities would contradict those native to the speakers (which, might I add, is exactly what the Italians often do with their Ecclesiastical pronunciation, ignoring phonemic vowel length, palatalizing “c” and “g”, etc.). If what you are referring to is that reconstruction of Classical Latin mentioned in Vox Latina (with short “i” pronounced as in “fish” and short “u” pronounced as in “should”), that may well be how they spoke, but I don’t agree that it is the most likely reconstruction and neither does Luke Ranieri, proposing instead the five vowel qualities found in modern Spanish for restored Classical pronunciation and the seven vowel qualities of modern (Brazilian) Portuguese or Italian for restored Rustic pronunciation.

[@neonexus7144]

I've only watched scripted videos from him to date, and now that I've seen him just freely talking I can say that I absolutely love his energy.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Thanks so much! 😃 I prefer freely speaking like this too. Some topics though require really specific information that I don't want to get wrong. Thanks again!

[@LordRubino]

Aww instant love as soon as you said "the standard italian is the most beautiful language in the world" :D Apart from that, your videos are fantastic! So educational. Fantastico

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Glazie, Claudio! 😃

[@LordRubino]

@@polyMATHY_Luke figurati bellezza!

[@LynxMajic]

5:32 Well if an expert said that, he must be right :D

[@keanancupido]

I must say. I've always loved the idea of Latin coming back. And here he's speaking Latin. I'm so happy. I would really love to participate in helping with spreading the Latin language and bringing it back into communities🥺😭❤️❤️

[@jonlilley2832]

Bravo, Luke! Fascinating! I was an exchange student in Argentina (years ago) and acquired Spanish and some Italian. I returned to the US and studied them a bit more to fill in gaps, but also picked up some Portuguese and French. I chucked it all out the window for about 18 years in Japan and when I came home (back to English) all the Latin languages feel like comfortable well worn PJs. I don't know how to explain it. I've never studied Latin, but I get it. Perhaps not every word, but it's fun to listen to! And I love your Italian accent. Es perfecto!!!

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Thank you!

[@Supertomiman]

I don't speak any Latin, but my native language is Spanish. I watched one of your videos where you had speakers of other Romance languages guessing different words from a description in Latin, and I could have sworn you were Italian or something. As you state in this video, most Anglophones tend to mess up the vowels when they speak Spanish, Italian, Latin, etc. Kinda like that scene from Inglorious Basterds, "graw-tzee-ay". I like your Furio impression too, spot on hahaha

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

hahaha yeah

[@SkullGamerFull]

17:30 Funny thing is eventhough the spanish say "lengua", portuguese and galicians write and pronounce it as the italians like "lingua"

[@brunogripp]

34 catalans really hated their language being called "minor".

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

If so, then I apologize to them. 😊

[@65fhd4d6h5]

I would never hit dislike, but I admit that it pulled some strings inside 😅

[@Chaiserzose]

​@@polyMATHY_Luke I once dared to tell to a catalan girl during her exchange program in Italy that from a philological point of view, catalan, Spanish (I even said "or castillan" not to offend her), Italian or any Italian dialects of any major Italian town had exactly the same dignity and level. That, for example, until the Republic of Venezia existed, "Veneziano" probably had the same status of "Language" instead of nowadays "Dialect". And I added that in the end, the difference btw them is more from a political stand. And I quoted a famous linguist (I don't remember him now) that went something like: "A Language is a dialect with an army&navy". She was completely offended and kept saying that catalan was "different".

[@65fhd4d6h5]

@@Chaiserzose I'm Catalan and can confirm that girl didn't know what she was talking about. Catalan is just another dialect of Vulgar Latin just like every other Romance language. It's not less or more than any other, it's at the same level. I don't know why people struggle so much with this concept. The problem is that, in Spain, there are a rather big (or loud) amount of non-Catalans that defend that Catalan is a dialect of Spanish spoken by farmers, and they use this argument to try and lower its language status and hence stop it from being taught in schools. That is why Catalans are touchy about this subject. Having said that, it's not strange that a lot of non-linguist Catalans don't quite understand the whole Vulgar Latin dialect business, they just know that Catalan is a language, so telling them is a dialect of any kind makes them jump.

[@bilbohob7179]

@@Chaiserzose they learn "mottos" don't debate ideas. Soon, they considered themselves the cradle of european civilizarion... It is propaganda and nationalism... Not all catalans are fanatics...

[@pmarati]

Your passion for the language is very inspiring. Much respect.

[@osalas36]

I've always suspected this too! When I learned Latin in college I thought it such a coincidence that Classical Latin should have vowels similar to English like short "i" and "a"...to the point that I didn't believe it so I just kept pronouncing those vowels as if I were speaking Spanish. And referring to ~19:44, the re-Latinization of Spanish in medieval times is also what's responsible for names like Hernandez v. Fernandez. In going from Latin to Spanish, as you've mentioned, "f" sounds were dropped and just represented by the silent "h" but were reintroduced in medieval times in order to re-Latinize. You can also see it in other words like fierro and hierro which both can mean iron in Spanish (though they are used in different contexts) It's a really interesting phenomenon!

[@JeanneCoty]

The way you pronounce Latin words and even Italian is very impressive. As a Romanian I will also confirm that in school when we studied Latin we had only the same set of vowels . Our language also has only 5 vowels ( the o is pronounced rounder than the inverted "c" symbol) As a side note, when we studied Latin during school we always pronounced the set of letters ce, ci like tche and tchi instead of ke or ki. For instace dulce both in Romanian and Latin we prounounced it dul"tche" not dul"ke" . I do remember our Latin teacher approved that pronounciation.

[@CalaVdarivdavd]

Hi, I am also Romanian and I am whatching and hearing different people (even an italian with a youtube channel in English) reading and speaking latin and it's not the way I studied and it doesn't sound ok to me. In romanian we pronounce the groups of letters "ce", "ci", "ge", "gi" like italians do. Wouldn't it be logical that it was the same in Latin? This is also the way I learned in school. Also the italian guy is pronouncing like english speakers do, for instance he says Kikero not Cicero, Ka-e-sar not Ce-sar etc.

[@frafrafrafrafra]

As a Calabrese i thought "what the hell why didn't I know that?", but then I understood

[@Homoclassicus]

Not only is the content really great, but the way he presents it and explains his points is so natural, interesting and charismatic that it becomes much easier and also much more fun to learn. You get really charmed and enthusiastic by the way he speaks so passionately but clearly about the topic. Kudos!

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Thanks so much! 😃

[@eduardorodrigues8413]

Your pronunciation is fantastic. It use to be hard for English native speakers to pronounce sounds such as "r" or vowls in general, both in Latin or in other romance languages. You have the best pronunciation I have ever heard. PERFECT!

[@ldmtag]

Bro even pronounces long wovels in English: "Hí, I'm Lúke, this is Polỳmathy, a channel about stúff Í think are néat. Í am réally intó spéaking Látin. Ás yóu may have séen mý óther videós about spéaking Látin, it's a lot of fun! Ánd Í híghly encóurage éveryóne who is interestéd tó spéak with óthers in Látin, there is a whóle búnch óf óportunitís fór thát. I recommend háving á lóok of thát videó which is línked in the descríption"😂

[@Glossologia]

Wonderful video! We don't agree 100% on everything (I maintain that lingua -> lengua -> lingua was an entirely phonological process, and also Sicilian has something fairly similar to ɪ and ʊ xP) but I thoroughly enjoyed this! Hopefully soon I'll make a video demonstrating how to follow Calabrese's suggestions and also a more in depth discussion of the evidence for it! :D

[@Homoclassicus]

15:43 - Coronation of the new Caesar, Lucius Ranierius Augustus LOL

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

hahahah

[@lorenzor2555]

As an italian (who studied latin and ancient greek at school) I am amazed of how vulgar latin sound familiar and easy to undesrtand for us italians. Also, having a holyday house in Sardinia (I am from Lombardy instead) where I spend each summer vacation since dozens of years, I understand a few of sardinian, but actually I don't agree at all with those who say that sardinian is the romance language more similar to latin! Maybe some grammatical structures, not much. It is likely that the languages still more similar in "sound" and cadence with latin are center italian dialects, those spoken between Florence and Neapolis. We should also keep in mind that latin and southern celtic had the same roots, so it's known that Ceasar had to speak in greek for give his battle orders during the campaign against tha gauls, otherwise the gauls could understand them (gauls in cispadania also used the same latin alphabet for their writings, as attested in some stone inscriptions in Alessandria and Vercelli, Piedmont). So I suspect that some places in the north of Italy (mainly in the mountains, where people has been more isolated and conservative) still use the same phonetics of ancient latin. For instance the "ladin language" spoken in some areas of eastern alps

[@lorisducly6567]

Dubito molto della questione. Venendo dalla Valle d'Aosta e conoscendo un po' i dialetti anche di alcune valli del Piemonte ti dico che è molto più facile che avvengano mutamenti linguistici nelle valli isolate che non in pianura o in un'isola. Questo perché la mentalità della gente di montagna è molto chiusa, isolazionista e riservata. Questo fa sì che ogni piccolo comune parli un dialetto diversissimo dal vicino perché non ha nessun interesse a comunicare con lui (io ad Aosta faccio una fatica enorme a capire i dialetti di comuni a cinque o sei chilometri da me pur conoscendo bene il mio). In Valle d'Aosta in particolare (poi non conosco le valli delle Alpi orientali) i mutamenti linguistici sono numerosissimi e le sonorità diversissime da quelle del latino.

[@lorenzor2555]

Loris Ducly il mio era solo un dubbio, pensavo alla persistenza ad esempio del ladino, pur circondato da popolazioni che parlano tedesco (basso bavarese) ed italiano. O del friulano (furlan) dopo secoli di dominazione austriaca ed influssi slavi. Ma in effetti può essere invece il contrario, come dici tu

[@lorisducly6567]

@@lorenzor2555 Io purtroppo il ladino non lo conosco anche se mi piacerebbe molto. Io ti dico quel che so per esperienza del mio dialetto perché è così bello parlare di linguistica delle lingue regionali e confrontarsi assieme su questi temi spesso molto snobbati anche dalla comunità intellettuale!

[@L-mo]

that's one of the best impressions of an italian speaking english i've ever heard

[@henriquezben]

I’m a native Spanish speaker and took Latin in high school with an Italian teacher. I would pronounce my vowels using a Spanish pronunciation. However, I came across Vox Latina, after high school, and started using Allen’s pronunciation of short vowels. I now find out I was probably better off with my original pronunciation. Great video.

[@antoniosavalgarcia02]

I love your videos, man. Also, since I'm a Spanish/Catalan speaker, i can (at least try to) pronounce all the words and phonological changes, proving none wrong. This was great.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

I'm glad you enjoyed it! I also love Catalan! Spanish too.

[@choreologychannel]

I’m getting the impression that Classicists are much more open-minded about Latin pronunciation than they are about Greek pronunciation. And the practice of learning Romance languages, as a supplement to Latin, also seems pretty common. Whereas most Classicists avoid Modern Greek like the plague; and would probably struggle to even ask for directions in Greece. Modern Greek is simply rejected out of hand as having little-to-no value. It seems totally uncontroversial to challenge Allen’s theories, in deference to the phonological systems of Romance languages. Yet, if anyone were to challenge Allen’s reconstruction of Classical Greek, in deference to the phonological systems of Modern Greek dialects, that would be tantamount to heresy and would cause a massive dumpster fire. I doubt Classicists would ever argue, contra Allen, that the lack of certain sounds in the phonological systems of Modern Greek dialects (such as the lip-rounded ü for ὖ ψιλόν) could possibly indicate that the widely accepted reconstructions of these sounds (borrowing directly from English, German and French) are somehow invalid. Is it just me, or is there a double standard?

[@thiagoeduardo4421]

Because we have Dionysius' description and It is Very clear

[@choreologychannel]

@@thiagoeduardo4421 I’d be inclined to retract some of my comments above. But I’ll let them stand for the record. W. Sydney Allen himself defers to the phonological systems of Modern Greek dialects, wherever applicable, in his historical linguistic assessments. Allen is still the gold standard, IMO - if not as a manual to follow; then, at least, as a reference guide. So I have no qualms there. However, I do still feel like there’s a stigma towards Modern Greek (in the Greek pronunciation debate) that does not seem to be proportionate with the open-minded sentiment towards Italian that I often encounter among Latin enthusiasts. I could be wrong. But it sure does seem like a consistent double-standard. In terms of Dionysius’ descriptions being ‘very clear’, it’s difficult to translate some of his phonological descriptions into the acoustical phonetic execution. Even is we had a recording of Dionysius’ own description (somehow), it’s still only describing (or ‘prescribing’) one particular accent of a particular place and time. For instance, Dionysius describes the ‘common’ (δίχρονα) vowel ‘upsilon’ as requiring a contraction of the lips, with a ‘stifled’ (choked) sound that comes out ‘thin’: “περὶ γὰρ αὐτὰ τὰ χείλη συστολῆς γινομένης ἀξιολόγου πνίγεται καὶ στενὸς ἐκπίπτει ὁ ἦχος.” When Allen cites this section of Dionysius, he mentions the following: “A front close rounded value is also roughly suggested by Dionysius of Halicarnasses […], who refers on the one hand to a ‘marked contraction around the lips’ and on the other to a sound which is ‘stifled and thin’.” So Allen, obviously, doesn’t share the opinion that Dionysius’ description of this vowel is necessarily ‘very clear’. Instead, he relies on other evidence to approximate the value of long ῡ and short ῠ, respectively. He establishes that there was probably widespread lip rounding early on, which surveying a lot of evidence of local and diachronic variation. And he concludes the following: “We may safely say, then, that in classical times the value of Attic short υ was similar to that of e.g. French lune, and of long υ to that of French ruse.” The key word is “SIMILAR”. Practitioners of Reconstructed Attic pronunciation can map-on these phones directly from French - as the closest approximation. As a French speaker, I personally have no difficulty with this. Though I often don’t hear the long-short distinction being articulated in any way similar to how a French speaker would differentiate between the vowels in ‘lune’ and ‘ruse’. I don’t harbor any illusions that the phones of an unrelated modern language are somehow exact vis-à-vis Ancient Greek, or that they should have some kind of universal applicability. It’s just a matter of personal preference really.

[@milobem4458]

One of the reasons may be how we got the modern Greek vs Romance languages. We have several Romance languages that can be traced directly back to the Vulgar Latin from the times of its sister, Classical Latin. They all evolved in their own environments, with the ruling and educated classes speking either a version of the local dialect or trying to preserve the classical original. That's centuries of quality linguistic material to work with, including multiple living languages now. Greek dialects were under constant pressure from unrelated languages and died out several times. Koine replaced all classic dialects first. Then centuries under Roman and especially Turkish rule did a lot of damage to the Greek lanugage and culture. We now have one Demotic, whose relationship to Classical Attic is dubious because of this history, and some small pockets of barely surviving village dialects. Ancient writings seem to be much more reliable sources than modern language speakers in this case.

[@alyctus]

@@milobem4458 Hi, I'm a native Greek speaker and I studied Ancient Greek at school. Though I agree with most of your points, I need to clarify some. Modern Greek is also traced straight back to Attic Greek and Koine. The type of Demotic spoken now is a bit mixed with Katharevousa (a semi-artificial archaic form that purified foreign influences). I have more difficulty understanding a 17th-century vernacular literature than when I read writings by Byzantine Emperors or the New Testament, of which I understand like 90% of it. Meanwhile, it's unlikely that a French or Italian will understand 90% of a Latin text written 2000 years ago. Also, it wasn't only Latin - 'pure' Greek was also continuously spoken by ruling and educated Greek classes in Constantinople and other places for centuries.

[@oleksijm]

@@alyctus Not to mention that some dialects like Cypriot have clearly preserved Ancient Greek grammatical and phonological elements to a larger extent than modern Standard Greek.

[@Animely0]

12:45 when I studied Latin in high school (Italy) I was taught to pronounce ae and oe as just {e} (phonetical pronunciation)

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Certo! Stai descrivendo la pronuncia ecclesiastica ossia scolastica italiana del latino. Spiego queste differenze qui: kzbin.info/www/bejne/sKKWd32Ensd-fs0 e qui: kzbin.info/www/bejne/jpbUhaiGj9tsl9U Io però sto parlando della pronuncia restituta del periodo classico (1º secolo a.C.) 😊

[@eraimattei]

As an Italian I still find the classical pronunciation hard to digest but i guess it's only bias . However I cringe whenever I see a V pronounced as U. I just can't!

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Albert Мattei 😆 do you also cringe when you hear an Italian from Montella or Lazio who says “uòi” instead of “vuoi” or “uino” instead of “vino”? Or a Sardinian who says “fàchere” for “fare”? These sounds are all still part of Italy today. They aren’t *Tuscan* today, but they were *universally* Italian in the past. Now, if you simply prefer Ecclesiastical pronunciation, I think that’s fine! These are merely conventions. I approve of that choice, as you can see here: m.kzbin.info/www/bejne/jpbUhaiGj9tsl9U

[@eraimattei]

@@polyMATHY_Luke cheers! Already saw the video it's great. Maybe it has to do with the fact i grew up with Spanish too and now speak fluent English and only speak latin for liturgical purposes (and let's be frank not having to change my native sounds to speak latin its just great) . However yes I have a certain discomfort with them too somehow... But i love southern dialects like Napolitan and Molisean

[@JoulesPerRadian]

Wow, this video is incredible! So many things I had puzzled over regarding restored classical pronunciation explained so clearly! And what a treat to hear restored classical pronunciation next to rural pronunciations. Thank you for this.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Thanks so much, Joules!

[@IoannesOculus]

I hate you! ;) Your videos make me spend more and more time in those things, learning Latin, history of the languages etc. Well, I love you in the end for this

[@ShaareiZoharDaas]

I LOVE Him and I'm just mad that I don't get more of him.

[@williams.5952]

"I hate you" "I LOVE Him" Something sounds familiar...

[@drtiger4658]

@@williams.5952 quar'id faciam fortasse requiris?

[@RichardDCook]

Your pronunciation, I believe, is similar to what I was taught in first-year Latin 50 years ago, a 5-vowel system, hard "c" etc. The one difference is our teacher used a flapped "r" throughout like many British English speakers; I don't recall her ever rolling "r". She did briefly discuss "Church Latin" as she called it. All that aside, I am greatly enjoying your videos!

[@pkuma1963]

Absolutely loved watching this! Thank you. My knowledge of Latin is relatively basic - little more than the Cambridge Red Book. But knowing Japanese helped in the early stages. For pronunciation, definitely, both vowels and consonants. And the way the grammar is presented as well. I see you have studied Japanese, too. I actually teach high school Japanese, and one of the grammatical stumbling blocks is mastery of particles for students. I think I am in a minority of teachers who are willing to simply call it a case system, with a few minor changes to standard Latin cases. A pity such explicit grammar teaching has gone out gthe window in high school teaching, at least in Australia, excpet for the Latin classroom! Keep up the great work!

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

I'm glad you liked it! Thanks!

[@dr1Voss48]

This may be the Spanish Sangria talking but it’s almost intoxicatingly intriguing to hear how the Romance Languages play telephone across expanses and centuries. Absolutely wonderful!

[@calinrusti1392]

I am a native Romanian speaker, but have been living in the US for two decades. I'd like to think that I haven't lost my original language. My grandparents appreciate it... I'm very much impressed by your accent in your videos. My knowledge of Latin is limited, but I do understand it when I hear it. I also speak German and some Italian. I love languages and their transformances. Your videos trying to understand Romanian were just great. Regardless, I'm proud of being an offspring of Rome, I even have the senatus populs que romanus tattooed on my back. Keep this up. I like your stuff.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Mulțumesc mult!

[@calinrusti1392]

@@polyMATHY_Luke I'm impressed that you learned the long version of mersi in our language. Some Romanians spell it merci like the original French. Pronunciation-wise, mersi makes more sense in Romanian for me. Languages are one of my passions, and I'd love to pick your brain if you have time.

[@gittewulff260]

I am wholly charmed! Having had 4 years of Latin in school, including pronunciation, but never an hour's training in speaking it. I have never met or heard another American who could shed the English accent so well. Mr Ranieri, might you have learned Italian from childhood, perhaps, or are you just good? :-)

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Haha you're too kind. I studied in Florence. My Italian needs work, to be sure.

[@mercedesSlk666]

I loved your Italian impression😂 Greetings from good old Aemilia!

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Michele Vogliardi grazie! Un saluto a voi in Emilia-Romagna!

[@tonikunzlercolorado9431]

Congratulations!!!! Your accent is pretty accurate for our neolatin language. Big hug from Brazil, brother!

[@ericbarlow6772]

Someone did a video on the Spanish ñ and how it was originally a shortcut of nn that was used by Spanish monks to save space on vellum. So anno became año. It might also give some clues as to how a nn was pronounced. Now when it comes to Romance languages I prefer French (I pronounce it with a slight Norman accent). I know I’m biased as a good bit of my family came to the US from France (dad’s came from Normandy through England, and mom’s came from Alsace-Lorraine). I find it interesting that French and Italian share an estimated 80% vocabulary but are mutually unintelligible since French has a Gallic pronunciation. I also want to point out I grew up in a town founded by Italian Protestants, Valdese, NC. I find that dialect continuum pretty interesting too (Catalan in the west through Provence in France to northern Italy). Keep up the great work. I loved Latin back in high school and apparently scored the highest in the country on the level 1 national Latin exam.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Thanks! I appreciate the comment.

[@enzo.toscana]

Sono GRANDE fan Lucca! Sono Calabrese! Sono Italiano Americano e mi piace tuoi video! Voglio parlare Latin, e di più, ma mi piace tutti i contenuti che ti crei! I'm still learning Italian am also in love with Neapolitan, but have also shared your interest & love you have for the Romance Languages. One day i plan to learn Greek & Hebrew as well, so look forward to your future material.

[@orlandolopezmartinez5282]

7:17 AVE CAESAR! :V It's fun the flag behind looks like an imperial crown Me gusta tu canal de latín OPTIMISSIMO👍

[@rodrigoadrianrodriguezaedo4477]

Nooooo, nunca pensé que encontraría un papulince aquí

[@cesarestevez1706]

Hoy hablar latino es hablar español. Como se estropean las cabezas

[@orlandolopezmartinez5282]

@@cesarestevez1706 no es igual ,se parece pero no es igual

[@ygorc.rodrigues6278]

How good it is to hear an intelligent person speaking in these dark times! Congratulations from Brazil!

[@blondie8524]

Romanian has retained “au” and “al” in many of its words using the open A and U pronunciation Aur (gold) Altul/ Alta (another M/ another F) Taur (bull/ Taurus)

[@imadboles3431]

The presenter is very knowledgeable and this comes across very much, hence one places trust on his teaching without do doubt.

[@juanluislapuz780]

I think this is the best video commentary on Latin pronunciation I've watched 😊 Do continue your educational work

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

That's very kind of you! :) Thanks so much for watching. Spread the word!

[@haartmannlepak5817]

As a Spanish and Catalan native speaker I can understand about 80% of what Italians say and can communicate with them fairly well, even without having learned any Italian at all. I took Latín in highschool for 3 years and man, when I listen to you I can't help but wondering how accurate and accent free your pronunciation is. Your command of Latín and Italian is unbelievable.

[@eyeofthasky]

furthermore, your point of "all romance language do not have" is ignoring an importan aspect: standard langue as the official in use is the most 'modern' 'sythetic' variety of a language, you have to look into dialectal diversity to see the broad picture of phonemes, as dialects are much more conservative of older stages. there e.g. for italian, u see those reduced igh- an ugh- sounds, and even the strange _sonus medius_ found in lacrma/lacrma.

[@ReidarWasenius]

Greetings ftom Finland. I just discovered you here. Interesting videos - thank you! This one just answered a looong list of questions that I have accumulated over the years regarding "What the heck happened with all those changes from Latin to modern Romance languages. A lot to take in, so I will now REwatch...

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Thanks so much! This video has more on the subject: kzbin.info/www/bejne/jpbUhaiGj9tsl9U

[@mirkotosi1972]

Complimenti! Sei bravissimo ed anche simpatico. È bello vedere quanto uno statunitense sia interessato alla nostra antica lingua.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

mirko tosi grazie! E certo, per me il latino è tanto necessario quanto l’aria

[@imskint1]

@@polyMATHY_Luke scusami, lezione interessantissima, grazie!! By the way it is tanto necessario quanto l'aria.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

@@imskint1 Grazie! l'ho corretto 😅

[@santiagobonet6265]

You should definitely have more subscribers, your videos are GOLD

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

You're so kind! 😃 Well, with your generous comment, I'll get there.

[@OHYS]

That Italian impression was on point, the way they struggle to say our weird vowel sounds.

[@YouCouldNever.]

Excellent pronunciation and good work to do this to be fair to everyone in this way to make it look good as well for the night of your family

[@septimiuistrate7304]

Latin: multae linguae in mundo sunt. Romanian: multe limbi în lume sunt. 😋

[@dearomania8289]

💙💛❤

[@GvpVavaRomania]

Altus - înalt/înaltă ( in altus) Alter - altul / alta

[@RicardoGagliardiFotografia]

Portuguese "muitas línguas no mundo são"

[@captmoroni]

A Romanian classmate told me "fut din gura." I thought: "fut? fut...futue!" Futue is Latin for fut. He also nicknamed me "marele alb" because of height and lab coat. Albus is Latin for alb. Then he said "taci din gura." Tace is Latin for taci. "Bad" language sounds oddly appropriate in another language.

[@NohAotori]

Spanish addition : Muchas lenguas en el mundo son. (literal translation, very poetic way to speak. We use lengua o lenguaje and it doest affect the sentence. Other ways to say the same are: Hay muchas lenguas en el mundo / Muchas son las lenguas del mundo.

[@4ingecxaH]

22:00 wow that laurel wreath on the Roman flag looked like it's on your head. AVE CAESAR! ✋😁 Thanks for the great video about Latin pronunciation. Eventually came to your chanel via Ecolinguist, where you used to talk in classical Latin with three different romance languages native speakers. That's one of my favourite one! Thank you for ressurecting my passion for Latin! Staying tuned for the new vids!

[@razielhamalakh9813]

13:09 I applaud your usage of the phrase "quantum leap"! It actually makes sense in this context, unlike how it's generally used.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Thanks! 😃

[@cabezzadevaca4157]

Your observations are well placed, and I commend you for your diction. You have an excellent latin diction and more so the praise for being an anglo language native. It is not an easy thing to overcome. Bravo!

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Grazie mille, Cabezza! 🥰

[@DM-on7fz]

Gave Luke a ride in my car yesterday (Uber) for about an hour. Super smart and personable guy- conversation was great and I’m definitely going to follow and chip away at Latin from his videos :) Thanks, Luke!

[@manuelcondor2469]

I really admire all your efforts to clarify the correct pronunciation of Latin which is nowadays somewhat neglected, especially here in Latin America. Greetings from Peru.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Gracias

[@PilgrimofMatter]

Wow! What a great video! I had often fell weird or wrong about the short 'i' and 'e' sounds as recommended in English-language Latin instruction books. I had looked down the nose at Italians, but you've shown me the error. Do you have any offerings about the pronunciation of Roman poetry (Vergil, Juvenal, etc.)?

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Yes, I have this playlist you should watch in its entirety kzbin.info/aero/PLQQL5IeNgck0-tQ4AZgKFMlQCJud_VY_H

[@PedroMachadoPT]

Hi! Portuguese here. About what you said about the final sound L in Brazil becoming U there. The same happens in Portugal in a very small region: Caminha and its surroundings. It’s part of Viana do Castelo district. FYI. Great video! Salue!

[@galier2]

This relatinisation you talk about around 20:00 is strong in French and even permeates to English. Fragile/frêle (fragile/frail), hautain/altier (haughty), aile/aisselle (wing/armpit) from latin axilla, machoir/maxillaire, bouche/buccale, etc.

[@samicruz8289]

One of the most interesting channels I've ever found! +1 subscriber.

[@mauriciohmello]

When did the "c" pronunciation of the latin changed from the "k" sound you use (at Lucius for example) to the actual italian c sound? And how does the sound changed to the c that spanish and portuguese use?

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Great question! I answer it here kzbin.info/www/bejne/jpbUhaiGj9tsl9U

[@yo18momas]

polýMATHY im convinced there is a no question, regarding languages, that u can’t answer. Genius

[@HdGKP]

Gosh man, it is a joy to hear you speak about Latin and linguistics! Thank you for the passion and the work you put into sharing it

[@BramVanhooydonck]

A lot of the vulgar Latin now shows me how early French started to emerge and also how Latin and Greek are more connected than we tend to think. A whole new perspective for me!

[@RVered]

Latin and Greek aren't closely related. There are quite a few Greek loanwords and two loaned letters (Y and Z) to accommodate those loanwords. In fact, the letter Y was (and still is in modern Italian) called I Graeca ("Greek I"). But as far as language families, phonology, grammar, alphabet, etc., they aren't close.

[@irisfeitosa]

I’m all into your content here, man. Thank you for your videos.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Thank you, Iris! 🥰

[@rogeriopenna9014]

sometimes, your head stays in the right position in front of the laurel wreath. CAESAR!!

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Yup! Haha

[@tewkewl]

Just like how "our" is often pronounced "are"! Love it

[@despratvaprendamosjuntos9606]

Latin as a world auxiliary language? Esperanto has lots of good qualities but Latin has already been the international language of a bunch of cultures in the past. Thanks @polyMATHY for all your videos. Someday I would love to speak Latin (and English, and Italian...) like you. #admiration #gratitude #respect

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Many thanks, Professor!

[@BFDT-4]

The only thing that I would like to see here is, instead of reading a text in several dialects, rather as well speaking extemporaneously in those dialects, to see how sounds and words hit up against each other, blend, and otherwise create a flow that carefully reading text does not demonstrate! And of course, this would be demonstrated in song, as you, as I believe, did this at the very end! Bravo! OTHERWISE, a bang-up great explanation about reconstructed speech patterns in Latin!

[@badger1296]

5 vowels: This sounds great to me! It takes the guess out of figuring which kind a vowels are which.

[@annagattellari85]

Bravo Luke you’ve convince me i love you channel 👍🏻👏👏

[@MarkRosa]

I came to this video to get better at Latin and was totally gobsmacked to hear examples from Japanese (with great pronunciation!) halfway through! I have something to add, though: while -oi and -ē (and -ae and -ē) exist at the same time with no intermediate step in Modern Japanese, the one at 12:58 (-au to -ō) also occurred in certain words in Japanese, around the 1500s and 1600s AD, and there *was* an intermediate *-ɔ:* step before it evolved further to today's -ō. (This is why Chinese words which end in -ang in most Chinese languages, end in -ō in Japanese now.) It was remarked upon by Portuguese Christians documenting the language at the time; they transcribed [ɔ:] as ǒ (with a haček) and wrote ô (with a circumflex) for "today's" -ō, and the distinction was perfectly consistent with what the original sounds were in Chinese, plus other native Japanese words that had -au-. Most of the Okinawan languages also have the Vulgar Latin ae and ai > ē shift, and some of them even have initial [w] to [b], which makes us wonder if there was a Latin/Spanish-like intermediate [β] at some point. And most of them have k- to č- before -i and -e just like Latin. I highly recommend looking into the Christian documents from people like João Rodrigues for more on how Japanese was pronounced 400 years ago. There are lots of really interesting parallels with more "familiar" Romance language developments. And you've got a new subscriber!

[@Philoglossos]

Make sure to subscribe to Luke's latin channel Scorpio Martianus if you haven't! :-)

[@MarkRosa]

@@Philoglossos Just subscribed to both!

[@Mankorra_Gomorrah]

Wow, my grandfather moved from Italy to the United States and your example of how Italians speak English was spot on. For the most part it actually doesn’t interfere with understanding what he’s saying but it does sound kinda cool.

[@buddy77587]

You are fabulous!

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

You too! and thanks!

[@adastra3147]

your maccheroni english is spot on. Ho fatto tanta fatica a togliere un pochino il mio accento...

[@Russoski234]

Hi, italian high-school lyceum alumni with 5 years of struggle in latin traduction here (infamously known for translating "Apud Ianiculum forte ventum erat" to "There was strong wind at Iianicolo", triggering my professor badly). Based on what I was taught, the accent (vowel stress or what's-its-name) of the word falls within the third-last syllable of the word in the vast majority or the one before the last in case of short words for spoken language. For instance, when you have to say "multae" it's similar to "mùlte" (like tickets in italian, multe), and so on: Mùlte lìngue in mùndo sùnt.

[@hawaianico]

Like your video!!! I think ðou, you jumped one step, au>OU>oo. Ai> EI> ee. Portuguese and Galician remained in that stage. Anyway great! I wish I could speak Latin as you do!!

[@saiyajedi]

12:00 The monophthongization of /ai/, /ae/ and /oi/ into /ee/ is traditionally seen as dialectal/rural (specifically eastern/northeastern) and low-class, but it has become popular as slang... to the point where you can hear things like “sugee!” in Western Japan, where this sound-change has not occurred. (That said, the monophthongization of /au/ and /ou/ into /oo/ is enshrined in both the spelling and pronunciation of the standard language, except along morphological boundaries)

[@kori228]

the /au/ one is so standard that people don't even know about it (me included) I only learned about it when I was studying Japanese kanji phonology. It merges the Chinese bilabial stop coda into a long vowel. 法 *papu -> (fafu) -> hahu -> hau -> hou -> hoo It's one of two sources of kanji onyomi long vowels in the cases where the Chinese wasn't a diphthong (the other being the velar nasal "ng" coda).

[@dennislee9674]

Grātiās tibi agō! This has bothered me for countless years, and I think I can put this to rest now. You are the first person to actually point me to some relatively recent scholarship on this quality/quantity short vowel issue. Before, my US colleagues would just wave Sidney Allen's _Vox Latina_ in my face, while my native Romance language speaking colleagues would laugh at my "Anglicized" pronunciation but couldn't provide any compelling academic evidence other than "it just sounds better." There is a book by Michele Loporcaro called _Vowel Length from Latin to_ _Romance_ , but I never got a satisfying answer out of it. In any case, I will immediately change my pronunciation to show quantitative and not qualitative vowel length. Euge!

[@lesilluminations1]

I also object to the short "e" as taught in the anglo system. For example, I often hear "amare" pronounced "amaruh. Can't be right.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Heh, you are correct.

[@captmoroni]

Yeah, that's usually from students who can't roll the letter R. To fix that, I tell people to "grrr" very loudly *and* make their tongue touch the roof of the mouth. The grr forces the tongue down, but concentrating on forcing it to stay up makes that trilling second nature. Discovered that from one ancient Roman grammarian who described the R sound as beating your tongue against the top of the mouth to sound like a dog.

[@andrewsveikauskas]

You very briefly mention nasalization of final /m/ ... I am not as studied in this topic as you but my understanding is it was quite pervasive and occurred very early on, then lost by the Vulgar Latin period in favor of simply removing the /m/... Nasal vowels re-emerged in Portugal and France but we don't tend to think of it as common in "the most latin-sounding" phonetically conservative languages. Nasal consonants themselves seem to have a lot of flexibility in the romance languages... They change around over time. Eg. There are many many words that Spanish writes where Portuguese has ... And which allophone is actually realized might differ with context ... I have sometimes wondered if it is really known what Latin had for these.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Very observant! I have other videos that deal with this in more detail.

[@eugeneylliez829]

Wonderful video. Thanks a lot! Would it be possible to have a video that also shows us the scientific arguments in favor of the pronunciation of the V for "W" already in Cicero's time and how and when it changed? It would be very interesting to see if there are latin sources that talk about it and the pro/con arguments of the contemporary research. It's just an idea among others. ;-)

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Thanks! Absolutely! I have several videos on the subject: kzbin.info/www/bejne/mZCqmqyVga10orc kzbin.info/www/bejne/jpbUhaiGj9tsl9U The first clues that there are change are in the 1st century AD, through a bilabial fricative (like intervocalic b/v in Spanish), only becoming the sound we recognise in French and Italian much later. However, at least one Romance language preserves the /w/ sound to this day: the Montellese dialect of Neapolitan in Campania. There, "vino" is still pronounced /wino/. Thus it's historically correct to use a /w/ pronunciation for all periods of ancient Latin, if decreasingly common as the centuries went forward. The first grammarian to mention a change is Velius Longus in the 2nd century AD, who describes the sound of letter V as being something like the bilabial fricative of Spanish. But for any Classical Latin prior to the 2nd century AD (possibly the 1st century AD, but it would not be so common), it is advisable to use the /w/ sound. However, if you do so, you also need to make the letter B an approximate or bilabial fricative as well. These sounds merged and changed together. So, to be historical, you can't just change one. Both need to change.

[@sorcerian_bootleg7112]

i just discovered your channel. You're amazing, man. I envy your language skills and your capacity of comunicate ideas!

[@igorjee]

You are right! In Mexico some people say medecina instead of medicina e.g. with no intermediate forms.

[@igorjee]

@Luiz Felipe Ay que herror!

[@worldnotworld]

Andrea Calabrese was a teacher of mine at Harvard! A stupendously well-rounded linguist in both synchronic and diachronic linguistics, especially phonology and syntax.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

He is a lovely fellow! I envy your having studied with him.

[@worldnotworld]

@@polyMATHY_Luke Have you seen him recently?

[@marcellobittencourt1836]

Diário da quarentena. São 2 da madrugada aqui no Brasil (or Brasiu, as we say hehe) e estou aprendendo a mudança do latim mesmo sem saber a língua. Great!

[@MikeS29]

You've convinced me! I love your channel.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

I'm so glad!

[@OisinMacGaelach]

If in my school, years and years ago, they had taught me latin with such passion and if they had taught me to speak latin and not only how to translate that text or that other text, today I would speak latin cum absoluta voluptas (and I am pretty sure I wrote it wrong XD). I think I'm ready to start studying latin seriously. Thanks a lot for that from a new fan from Sardinia :)

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Eja! Grazie mille. 😃

[@arielschant9841]

This is so incredibly interesting to me. I am Andrea, I am from Rome and I (as well as the majority of us) have studied Latin in school. If I was taught it as you teach it I would’ve loved it a lot more back then, and wouldn’t have to develop a personal taste for it with time. I wish they could update the way they teach it in order to be more modern and appealing to young minds. Anyways: I agree with you that short i and u as I see them reconstructed sound more Germanic than Latin, and I’ve always found that who uses them immediately gives their Latin a “foreign” accent, so to speak. I was taught the Italian pronunciation of course but nowadays i use a mixture of Italian and Classical; yet honestly in any pronunciation you want to use, saying i and u in that way is weird and difficult for any Romance speaker, it sounds fabricated. Gratias, i absolutely love your channels!

[@bilbohob7179]

Well,... Any, any not... There are the frenchs... Ha ha

[@arielschant9841]

Bilbo hob “i” and “u” in French are not pronounced /ɪ/ and /ʊ/; but /i/ and /y/, while “ou” is /u/; not /ʊ/

[@gustavo_gouveia]

8:50 All these vowels has in Brazilian Portuguese