Potential Energy vs Internuclear Distance

Graphic of internuclear distance and discussion of bond length, bond strength and the difference between multiple bonds. "Sweet Spot" = Maximum Attraction & Minimum Repulsion between atoms.
LeanThink.org
/ lean.think

[@marenjohnny420]

this was such a wholesome video to watch I want to give you a hug

[@Harshal599-t2x]

It helped me after 4 years you posted it. Thank you.

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Hi Harshal, I am SO glad! Thank you for watching:)

[@abu-karz]

​@@OldSchoolChemistry Miss how can we measure or calculate the distance between two molecules? Using formulae of density and and molar liquid volume?

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

@@abu-karzHi Abu, It is from pictures (Electron tunneling microscope?). We measure the distance from the center of 1 nucleus to the center of the neighboring nucleus and divide it by two. That gives us the radius of an atom. I hope that helps! Thanks:)

[@DikshaThakur-y2u]

So easily explained! Thank you. Lots of love from India . By the way you have a very beautiful smile 💖

[@nutritionbyelsa]

!you have such great energy and vibes and i just can see myself getting hooked on your lessons! thank you!

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Hi Elsa, thank you for your comment. I am glad it was helpful! I hope your class goes well:)

[@ansleygreer990]

This helped me so much!!! I got a 100 on my AP test ! Thank youu💕

[@marcitobenito5599]

holy carp this helped me so much understanding the terms and the graph so well when i was stuck, thank you so much!! love ur vibes and tone it made it super easy to learn

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Hi Marcito, I am so glad! Thank you for letting me know:)

[@goncalocoelho7636]

This video helped me a lot, I got a test in 2 days and this was my weakest point in the whole class. Now I´m confident I´ll ace the test. :)

[@bangladeshivloggeradventures]

This is an excellent lesson. Studying for the MCAT. Thank you.

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Hi Productivity enthusiast , I am so proud of you! God bless your efforts:)

[@amabrazz4020]

Thank you sooo much, well explained

[@sunkaraswapna3363]

Thanks for the video... its really helpful even though if its a basic topic. Love from india❤

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Hi Sunkaraswapna, sending love to you in India! Thank you for your comment:)

[@nk4244]

that was a chef's kiss of an episode

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Hi Nk, what a fun comment. This is the first time someone has used that expression on my channel. You made me smile. Thank you!

[@jessalinnguyen1504]

Thank you so much! This was super helpful

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Hi Jessaline. I am so glad. Thank you for the feedback. I hope you are healthy and well in this unique season!

[@AnkushPatel-tm4oi]

Thanks a lot mam love from India ❤

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Hi Ankush, greetings to you in Japan! I am proud of your hard work:)

[@AlokAK-ht7cu]

Thankyou so much it helped me a lot for my jee preparation

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

HI AlokAK-ht7cu, That makes me so happy! Great job working so hard. God bless you on your Jee Exam:)

[@gauravGupta-bk2sw]

best one..extremely well presented!

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Hi Gaurav, I am so glad you think so. I hope your class goes well:)

[@coolcapybara111]

Beautifully explained ❤🙏

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Hi @anushka2740! I am so glad you think so. Thank you for your comment:)

[@doughnutspee7114]

well explained miss! thank you!!

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Hi Doughnuts, I am glad you think so! Thank you for your comment:)

[@jhtnovatnova654]

Really helpful video!

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Hi Jhtnova, I am so glad. Thank you for your comment. Please subscribe if you have not already. Thanks!

[@L-zh2cs]

Thank you! I was studying Ap chem and this helped a lot :)

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

@@L-zh2cs Oh good! AP likes this topic😉 Good job working hard.

[@L-zh2cs]

@@OldSchoolChemistry thank you, you have no idea how much happier your words made me

[@a54tanishasingh31]

Great explanation mam Thank u so much it helped me a lot 😊😊

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

I’m so glad! I hope your class goes well!

[@exploringplaces8076]

Great mam

[@MerryMerry632]

Thank you!

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Hi MerryMerry, my pleasure:) Thanks for watching!

[@dathanbm8984]

Thankyou this help me a lot 😇

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Hi Dathan, I am so glad. I hope your class goes well:)

[@user-te7kx9nc1w]

well explained thank you

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

I am so glad you think so - thank you!! :)

[@tanmoydutta5039]

thank you so much Ma'am for this wonderful explaination!!

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Hi Tanmoy, thank you for your comment. I hope chemistry goes well for you. Please subscribe if you have not already. Thanks😊

[@tanmoydutta5039]

@@OldSchoolChemistry I have subscribed Ma'am! Thank you again!

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

🙏

[@saifulphysicscenter9551]

wow...Great teacher

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Thank you Saiful😊 Your channel looks great!!

[@saifulphysicscenter9551]

@@OldSchoolChemistry thx mam

[@krisskapadia3098]

This was a very good explanation

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

I’m so glad! Have fun in chemistry😊

[@krisskapadia3098]

@@OldSchoolChemistry THANKS🙂🙂🙂

[@rajashekharreddydevarapall9214]

Helped me a lot ...!! thnx for this class mam

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Rajashekhar, I’m so glad. I hope chemistry goes well for you!😊

[@rajashekharreddydevarapall9214]

@@OldSchoolChemistry ☺

[@aneeqaahmad5034]

Thankyou

[@hkghz2z157]

Fabulous

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Hi hkghz2z, thank you 💕

[@user-rf4tu4un4k]

thanks a lot

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

You’re welcome and have a great day!

[@user-ul9fz7kn2z]

Hello ur amazing thank you

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Thank you for your comment! Please subscribe if you have not already. I hope chemistry goes well for you! Thanks:)

[@GrubbiChubbi]

I got a question on an AP practice test using this same scenario, except the correct answer was H2 on the far left, N2 around the middle in distance (however still the steepest one), and O2 on the far right with the same height as H2. Why is this so?

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Hi GrubbiChubbi, I would have to see the question. Sorry!

[@hugom6388]

Can we say that there is already a bond at the point when that energy line starts to decrease? Will this also be the time when the orbitals just start to overlap?

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Technically yes - thank you :)

[@aditiaishwarya4643]

Good one 👍

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Hi Aditi, I am glad you liked it. Thanks!

[@rogerandjoan4329]

Thanks too. You saved me a lot of time to explain it to my kid. Also love your fringes.

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

@@rogerandjoan4329 I am so glad! I hope the rest of the class goes well for your student:)

[@rogerandjoan4329]

@@OldSchoolChemistry Thank you. My wife and I are both engineers and I think my daughters are always a little worried about “measuring up” to us. The older one is a senior at RPI, the younger is taking chem in high school. There’s lots of times when I use videos like yours because there’s no need for me to put my fingerprints on everything. During Covid, besides my kids, I helped several kids in the neighborhood…. everything from middle school science to calculus, university physics and chemistry, differential equations, stats…. I didn’t do this much work when I was a student. Videos like yours were a big help.

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

I laughed when I read about your tutoring experience. Way to go helping the many students. It is a testimony of the power and importance on person to person instruction. You are highly educated so you can watch a quick refresher video and then teach it. Someone learning abstract context for the first time needs in person support. God job being “that person!”

[@palakshrivastava2367]

ma'am can we say that as particle moves away from equilibrium position, magnitude of intermolecular force increases, as at eqm. force is zero

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Hi Palak, I am not sure I understand the question/statement. I'm sorry!

[@skystar-dd9wv]

Ma'am I have a question ...why does energy decreases when internuclear force of attraction increases between atoms

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

The atoms are more stable.😊

[@baraskparas]

Make it femtometers and the shape of the curve is the same for nucleon distance vs force. May signify an underlying unification of forces.

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Super interesting🤔

[@baraskparas]

@@OldSchoolChemistry Sorry I meant nucleon, proton and neutrons via the residual strong force. Actually David Gross the Nobel Laureate said that at extremely short distances or high energies ( extreme particle smashing) this unification is the case.

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Thank you for the clarification!!

[@user-qr4me8lv4z]

Wouldn't N2 have a greater bond length than Hydrogen since it has a much greater atomic radius? I understand that triple bonds are stronger AND shorter, but I don't understand how this would play out between the bigger atomic radii of the Nitrogen compared to the Hydrogen.

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Look at bond length as distance between the atoms, not distance from the outside atom to the other outside atom. I hope that helps! Thank you for your question.

[@IIT.aspirant-bombay-CSE]

Hey ma'am , we were asked by our teacher why the graph not intersects positive y axis , please help

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Hi IIT, I am not sure. I imagine it is an obvious and easy answer, but I do not know. Great question!!

[@deepanshugarudrajput1839]

🇮🇳

[@adityadivine]

Mam, I've a question and I'm frustated as I can't find it's answer. Why the PE is negative and when the atoms come close it's positive. I'm scratching my head whole day. Yes in the beginning they will attract each other and after when both are really close the two will repel but I can't relate the graph with this. Can you please help me out

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

Hi Aditya, unfortunately I do not have a good answer for you! It is the convention created by scientists and the complexity of the topic which is beyond the scope of a general chemistry class. I suggest you take the graph at face value and make it make sense in the way you can relate to it. Good luck!!

[@adityadivine]

@@OldSchoolChemistry Hi mam, I got my answer. The formula for potential energy is K × (charge 1) ×(charge 2) divided upon distance between the charges. This formula is derived from another formula which is U(potential energy) equals Q×Vp Where Q is charge and Vp is electrostatic potential of the charge. When we take a system of two charges U is potential due to charge 1 multiplied by electrostatic Charge of first charge + potential due to charge two multiplied by electrostatic charge of second charge + the interaction potential energy of two charges... which has a formula K×charge 1×charge 2 divided by distance between the charges. K is a constant whose value is 9×10^9 . Now coming to the graph. As we are getting closer from infinity the first two terms of Potential energy formula becomes positive as we know both are attracting each other in the beginning which means charges are of opposite nature . Charges are of opposite nature means one is positive and other is negative and the distance btw them is constant at any given point like if we ask charge 1 how much far is charge 2 from you, he'll say r distance. We ask charge 2 how much far is charge 2 he'll also say r distance So first term is positive and second term is negative in U (potential energy) formula. Now the last term is remaining which is interaction potential energy. You can see it's formula above. When attraction is happening then distance between them is going less after every point of passing time and charges are of opposite nature , (the electrons of first and nucleus of second) so numerator is negative and denominator is getting smaller for overall value of U(PE) is decreasing. Yes the mangitude is increasing but we're talking about sign. Now when repulsion is taking place it means both charges are of like nature so numerator is positive and when we bring both atoms too close the nucleus , electrons of first atom repel nucleus , electrons of second atom respectively. So when distance is very small denominator is very small making whole term very large in positive. Thats why we see a sudden spike after going left to bond lengths point. I'm a physics student too so I related all this from my physics chapter called ELECTROSTATICS. My English is 3rd language so sorry if it's wrong at many occasions. I hope you got atleast half of what I said, I don't know how to explain, tried my best. Do ask anything if you're confused and from now you can teach your students some logic behind the graph.

[@OldSchoolChemistry]

@@adityadivine Coulomb's Law applied to internuclear distance! Thanks:)

[@adityadivine]

@@OldSchoolChemistry Haha yeah my essay summed up in a line. You're a school teacher? I've a problem in identifying where will be coordinate bond and where will be normal bond. Also I struggle to make lewis dot structure of acids and all. Can you make a short video on this?

[@adityadivine]

I've some doubts about transition contraction, acidic hydrogen and all. I couldn't get good explanation on google. Is there any chance of you solving my small doubts please.

[@waffletime1103]

im in love with you