The Problem with Deep Space Travel

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Credits:
Narrator/Writer: Stephanie Sammann
Writer: Ashleen Knutsen
Editor: Dylan Hennessy (www.behance.net/dylanhennessy1)
Illustrator/Animator: Kirtan Patel (kpatart.com/illustrations)
Animator: Mike Ridolfi (www.moboxgraphics.com/)
Sound: Graham Haerther (haerther.net)
Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster ( / forgottentowel )
Producer: Brian McManus ( / realengineering )
Music:
Resolve by Jamie Bathgate
A Moon Walk---instrumental-version by Yehezkel Raz
Death In Space by Jon Gegelman
Ephemeral by Stanley Gurvich
Toward Mars by Jon Gegelman
Fused by Stanley Gurvich
It Was Time We Let Go by Stanley Gurvich
Discovery by Jimmy Svensson
Inner Space by Eric Haley
References:
[1] humanresearchroadmap.nasa.gov...
[2] science.nasa.gov/science-news...
[3] www.space.com/24701-how-long-...
[4] www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/st...
[5] www.nasa.gov/hrp/bodyinspace
[6] www.nasa.gov/johnson/HWHAP/ar...
[7] www.artificial-gravity.com/NAS...
[8] www.nasa.gov/analogs/envihab
[9] link.springer.com/article/10....
[10] journals.physiology.org/doi/p...
[11] physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.co...
[12] www.google.com/books/edition/...
[13] www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-stu...
[14] www.nasa.gov/analogs/nsrl/why...
[15] www.epa.gov/radiation/radiati...
[16] www.epa.gov/radiation/radiati...
[17] ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/2...
[18] www.science.org/doi/10.1126/s...
[19] www.space.com/nasa-changing-a...
[20] ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/2...,
[21] www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/...
[22] journals.aps.org/rmp/pdf/10.1...
[23] rsv.org.au/space-radiation/
[24] www.space.com/genetically-eng...
[25] www.nature.com/articles/natur...
[26] www.nature.com/articles/ncomm...

[@markw999]

Hallucinations and mental health issues happened at sea when I was in the Navy. Starts at about 50 days continuously at sea. We had guys who swore they saw flying men with bat wings, paranoid behavior of all types, and lots of insomnia. I can only imagine what a multi year mission to Mars will do to people.

[@mobychoc]

sounds like homers odyssey

[@user-ke5rt3ji8c]

This is wild??

[@Myname-cb9ru]

explains a lot of the ocean myths and legends people have come up with.

[@AlexanderTheGoodEnough]

I understand why a particularly curvy piece of driftwood could look like a sexy sea lady now.

[@peterszeug308]

are you sure this wasn't simply due to sleep deprivation? it can cause devastating delirium after only 48 hours time without sleep, on land. additionally, the longer you have been awake, the worser the quality of following sleep will be, a vicious cycle which adds up quickly. drugs are absolutely not required for this process but i bet many sailors are taking stimulants for various reasong, among other substances.

[@tristanread4933]

I just want to clarify around the 8 minute or so mark in the video, when you bring up that “some astronauts have hallucinated… flashes of light,” there’s pretty good evidence to suggest that those in particular may not be hallucinations at all, but rather a type of high-energy radiation that happens to pass through the optic nerve.

[@josephcoon5809]

Vision is the consequence of light (physical) initiating a cascade of electrochemical reactions ending in a particular region of the prefrontal cortex. That region can receive information originating from places other than the retina: hallucinations. So, even if it is high energy interactions with any neurons between the retina and the prefrontal cortex, it would still be classified as a “hallucination.” Technically, dreams, synesthesia, and imagination are all types of “hallucinations” because none of them originate from the retina.

[@brandonberner5467]

This is also why theres 4 computers that check each other in spacecraft, once you leave our atmosphere more of said particles exist and can trip a computer's binary and therefore cause severe problems

[@d.dementedengineerc99isurf26]

@@brandonberner5467 Redundancy in action!

[@robertofitch5909]

Exactly doesn't laser waves need to hit right in your eye so you could be able to see it

[@FloRangutan9592]

@@robertofitch5909 yo

[@DavidRFortney]

I don't think it's fair to mention Skylab astronauts turning off radio communications with mission control without also mentioning that they were being worked 24 hours a day. They weren't out of their minds they were exhausted and standing up for themselves.

[@DavidRFortney]

I just saw your reply below.

[@mycosys]

it also didnt happen. Complete myth.

[@user-nv7jr6gn2e]

@@mycosys It happened, but it wasn't intentional on their part. There was never any "mutiny".

[@jeremias-serus]

@Bronze Wolf How do you know anything happened? For all you know everyone could be lying to you and your reality is a complete farce.

[@lexmachina8961]

It is beyond the point. While you are trying to determine who was wrong and who was right, the point is to say that frictions are human and a problem as a whole. They never said the interactions are only a problem with astronauts and they never said they were wrong to act like they do. They just say that frictions + confined spaces + lack of freedom + personalities + long missions = problems. Everything else is totally irrelevant. It's not because the astronauts happen to be right that the mission is a success after all. The mission is a success when the control is never lost. And the success is what matters ultimately. So the blame game is totally off topic. When one wants to improve success in their marriage, the blaming game is the last thing they want to play. Unless personal honor is more important than overall success. Same thing here.

[@Mukenin90]

You didn’t mention a really promising anti-radiation technique undergoing studying, fungi discovered into radioactive scenarios (like old reactors or similar). This type of fungi works and live by radio-synthesis, basically the same process of a regular photosynthesis that every plants do to convert energy of sun into life. Design a new type of “insulation” for space ships and stations (both in orbit or the ground of other celestial bodies) could minimize the exposure of astronauts and be really cheap to maintain since the nature of the “natural” solution.

[@realscience]

that sounds freaking cool

[@_Blazing_Inferno_]

@@realscience Really hoping this becomes a video :D

[@ReaperUnreal]

There was a short story Stephen Baxter's Xeelee sequence that took that idea to it's logical extreme. Very interesting things to see science fiction being at least partially reality.

[@nameless1016]

or just stop trashing our natty protection here. earth.

[@thecoolshark8614]

I'm really curious about this now. Hope it becomes a video!

[@ShneekeyTheLost]

Another problem with Deep Space Travel is simply... time. Lots and lots of time. It was touched on a couple of times, but really the time factor becomes huge in its own right whenever you start looking past the Moon or Mars. Four light years doesn't sound like much to get to our nearest solar nighbor, until you realize that at current technology that's centuries of time spent between systems in the deep black nothingness of space.

[@davidpatterson210]

Nine months to mars To do what? Be a civilian that knows less than nothing about terraforming,surviving,or anything of the sort They just had the almighty dollar at hand and the laçk of imagination

[@kellydalstok8900]

Just send robots instead of humans.

[@SweetwillieD]

We will never leave our own solar system.

[@DrMackSplackem]

​ @David Patterson I believe it's more like six for human-rated missions (opposition class ~180 days, conjunction class ~200).

[@Kopie0830]

Israel and some scientists are developing ways to make lives longer and probably, ending aging itself (but most likely billionaires are the only ones to get it) Faster than light travel is now being developed by scientists (theoretically, it can be done by making an energy field that would propel your vehicle to travel at the speed of light.) But most likely, this will be done in a thousand years. Were dead by then.

[@MickPosch]

Many years ago in a high school creative writing class, I wrote a story where scientists were conducting an experiment to see if people could withstand long periods of time in space. At one point the participants in the space ship reported that a salesman was tapping on their window trying to sell them stuff. The scientist's conclusion of course was that no, humans weren't meant for long trips in space.

[@fireaza]

Ugh, space hatch-to-hatch space salesmen are the worst.

[@SamEsss]

The next worse things are galactic hatch knocking Jehovah Witnesses.

[@radrook7584]

@@fireaza Prying their grip off the hatches is definitely not an easy task.

[@firstname405]

Has the window tapper been trying to contact the astronaut about their ship's extended warranty?

[@johndayga5038]

@@firstname405 No. He just wanna have a minute to speak to the crew about his lord and savior, JC.

[@gilliamdelauw1693]

"What you need, is, a clown." *space station 13 veteran cracks knuckles* "My time to shine."

[@jamalisujang2712]

Hey hey, people.

[@DoingFavors]

As a clown myself I absolutely love how much value we really contribute to others sanity. We're happy to be of service!

[@rougenarwhal8378]

I find my robust brothers everywhere

[@tengkualiff]

Always a pleasure to get an upload from this channel.

[@slcpunk2740]

Or are you just hallucinating? We'll never know. 🤭

[@katebretusch3752]

I swear

[@zonesix3601]

I was expecting to see some astronaut's dealing with hallucinations watch the video and it says nothing about hallucinations other than a weird smell.. I wanted to see some big pitch black people

[@marthapando6367]

U

[@jennyanydots2389]

I got herpes from this channel, that was also a pleasure. Not just any kind of herpes either, anal herpes... the bathroom hurt real bad at first but eventually you get used to it. You probably already know what I am saying though.

[@theinfernoburns]

For such a relatively new channel this is still definitely one of the best not just in science but overall quality on KZbin. Please keep up the great work

[@jennyanydots2389]

Congrats on having one of the gayest names in the history of the internet. Apologize to me right now for making me cringe so hard I had to change both my diapers and my pants.

[@jacobshirley3457]

Check out Real Engineering, too.

[@pabloherrmann724]

8:15 the flashes of light could actually be high energy particles interacting with the optic nerve or the brain. Basically like a bit flip in your neurones. There is a great video by Veritasium about the topic.

[@danielbenner7583]

Exactly what I was thinking.

[@confusedwhale]

It's a bias in the writing of this video that anything not "normal" is due to mental health problems. The writers of this video also implied that Skylab's ignoring Mission Control was from mental health problems. The true cause of the astronauts blacking out Mission Control was a protest against unethical work environment with a highly controlled work schedule and virtually no downtime.

[@hydrolifetech7911]

Watchet that video but I completely forgot that point

[@nathanlevesque7812]

it is

[@AboveEmAllProduction]

yeah i saw that video. its cool because i experience these pixel point flashes in my vision every now and again. id say maybe once a week or so. i fugure its a stray particle hitting my optic nerve or something

[@inconel7185]

Another thing can be the background "noise" that is constant on earth. Basically a frequency that we are used to and get negative psycholigical effects without

[@rawr333r]

What really??

[@berretta9mm17]

If you're talking about wind, rain, birds, insects - and all of the other sounds of nature and machines - they can ALL be recorded and mixed on seperate tracks, and played back at any level for any track: louder or no birds, far away or close waves, thunder, and on and on, almost ininitely, using perfect digital tracks, and controlled by either the Astronauts, or by a relatively simple A.I. to randomize the sounds individually or collectively, in a natural way, to create any environment completely convincingly. Have you actually ever LISTENED to the soundtrack of an outdoor or indoor movie set, and heard the HUNDREDS of sounds in the mix? As a rule, they aren't recorded in one take, as part of the action or dialog - that's an illusion. Each sound is recorded seperately, or pulled from a sound libtary, and mixed on one of those sound control mixers that seem to have thousands of sliders - one for each sound, and an audio engineer is able to move the individual sounds to any location in the mix - behind you, above you, to either side, going around you in a circle - anywhere. A completely different sound environment could be created - and changed instantly - in seperate rooms or decks. This would be the LEAST problematic of ANYTHING they faced putting this all together. This technology has been around so long you don't even THINK about the complexity and amazing reality of it.

[@brianmacdonald1090]

I think it's more like feeling it like when you're near a powerful speaker, you can feel the frequency

[@scottk3292]

I've heard mention of some particular frequency of resonance which bounces between the ground and ionosphere, how people are used to feeling that. Sounds like a bunch of nonsense to me, but I'm pretty sure my tinnitus would have a full-on picnic in the silence of space.

[@glacousxx]

Exactly like sunrise and sunset and the circadian rhythm and the animals like with pets birds outside or cats and dogs that are strays we often end up making some type of friendship as we're social . I cant imagine having to stay with the same people in a giant metallic electrical machine like sometimes we require some fresh breath and some new adventure like food or travelling. Earth is really made for us like the gravity the georgraphy the super duper rare chance of any life on this place and much more. People forget that its not just about surviving its about living and those are very different things.

[@thedoruk6324]

Now this is the unique type of content we both never expected yet needed to see We seriously need to Make Astronauts -Hr Giger biomechanics- durable to extreme effects of space

[@morkovija]

thats why people with prosthetic linbs would actually be better candidates. quadriplegics with 4 prosthetic arms instead of two - huge benefit in space!

[@thedoruk6324]

@@morkovija that turned really dark

[@o-wolf]

Things like this are why I laugh at the eloon cults exaltations of his mars ambitions.. this guy can't even make my Tesla without panel gaps but they think he's gonna singlehandedly start a new civilization on another planet when the technology we need to even approach this in a reasonable manner doesn't exist yet

[@dr.victorvs]

@@thedoruk6324 Why did it turn dark?

[@thedoruk6324]

@@dr.victorvs because the aforementioned crew will certainly seen as more expandable

[@2KOOLURATOOLGaming]

Love the feel of this channel - Just pure knowledge.

[@slcpunk2740]

Pure hallucinations! 🤪😵‍💫🥴

[@brianhale3678]

Pure knowledge... filtered through the heinous and soul crushingly depressing philosophy of atheistic, naturalistic neo-darwinism. Which offers Humanity a future where we decompose into dirt. Wow, that was a mouthful but entirely accurate.

[@brianhale3678]

How do you get to hell? Very simple: claim that you're innocent. How do you get to heaven? Very simple: Admit that you're not Innocent, you're guilty and ask for mercy. How to know if you're guilty or not? Simply: Compare your life to the Ten Commandments God gave you in the Bible. Everyone agrees that if people followed the ten commandments there would be no need for governments or police. Do not lie. Do not steal. Do not commit adultery. Do not insult God by using his name as a cuss word. There are six more but let's just leave it at that. How many lies have you told in your life? Have you ever taken anything that didn't belong to you? Jesus said, if you look at a women lustfully you've already committed adultery in your heart with that woman. How many times a day do you do that? Do you use God's name as a cuss word? Would you do that with your own mother's name? If you answer these questions honestly you know that you're guilty. God can justly punish you and send you to hell. Ask him for mercy. His name is Jesus. It's as simple as this, The Ten Commandments are called the moral law. You and I broke God's laws. Jesus paid the fine. The fine is death. Ezekiel 18:20 - "The soul who sins shall die. That's why Jesus had to die on the cross for our sins. This is why God is able to give us Mercy. Option A. You die for your own sins. Option B. Ask for mercy and accept that Jesus died for you.

[@mycosys]

so many errors

[@svenwiberg2563]

@@brianhale3678 But Jesus came back , So he never stayed dead and never did shit for anyone. Hell i would do that easy

[@thesauce1682]

just like how apollo mission advanced microchip technology, the next space venture will surely push gene editing technology to the next level since it seems impossible for human long term stay outside the earth without messing with our body

[@giacomoc4119]

Experimenting with microchips is one thing, but experimenting with people is another.

[@nathanlevesque7812]

@@giacomoc4119 And?

[@Ninjaeule97]

@@giacomoc4119 If it's done on consenting well-informed adults, I see no problem. However, if done on babies I can see the concern.

[@Ultralightaman]

@@Ninjaeule97 It will be done on babies naturally. Humans in space will likely start to evolve into another species. Modifications will speed that up. Genetically modifying babies for deep space survival is the best option. It's not ethical but it could happen if there is a space race for survival or resources.

[@NullHand]

Ethics are very culturally, and situationally fluid human constructs. Take vaccines. Many human cultures (religious practices mostly) consider or considered this an infringement on God's decisions on who lives and dies. This would be seen as unethical if it saves a child, but jeopardizes its soul. Today we mostly believe the 50% childhood mortality of the pre-vaccines era to be the least ethical choice. I fully expect gene modification to follow the same ethical modification. Would you submit your child to a high (normal) probability of eventual cancer or senility if there was a proven genetic modification that could avert it? What about not selecting an IQ boosting gene therapy that would put them at a disadvantage against other kids that get it in the scholastic and job market..

[@SciHeartJourney]

I've done a couple of space grade projects for the Space Shuttle long ago. The BIGGEST problem that I encountered was that just about EVERYTHING out-gasses. Anything that's a solvent, paints, inks, plastics, etc. 😖 It was a major pain in the @$$. I don't think they were imagining any smells. They were probably real fumes emitted by equipment itself.

[@josephcoon5809]

Read about synesthesia, tinnitus, and phantom limb syndrome. The fundamental purpose of a neuron is to receive data; process it into information; and transmit it to the next neuron to repeat that process. Failing ANY one of those tasks results in death. So, when a neuron (like in the olfactory system) ceases to receive data (like being in a odorously static environment), that neuron will literally migrate to a more active network and “learn to code” on a different data stream. Neurons are pretty fascinating in that they act just like individual organisms always struggling to be part of an active network to justify the resources it receives. You could call it microbiological capitalism. Be part of a useful idea, or die.

[@SciHeartJourney]

@@josephcoon5809 every time I read or hear mention of "tinnitus" I can hear that ringing that NEVER ever goes away. 😄 It used to drive me nuts before I learned to just ignore it. One positive thing about it: if I concentrate on it it lulls me to sleep, no drugs. 😴

[@josephcoon5809]

@@SciHeartJourney Our brains are designed to move things to the subconscious if they become a repeated experience. The consciousness is mainly for novel purposes; new information.

[@SciHeartJourney]

@@josephcoon5809 that's a really great observation! Oddly enough, the past and future are real and it's NOW that's the illusion. We call those novel experiences the "now". Look out behind you! 😄

[@hensonlaura]

@@josephcoon5809 microbiological capitalism, I love it! If only the entity as a whole were as conscientious.

[@erictaylor5462]

9:55 I just had a wild thought. Have you ever seen John Carpenter's The Thing. What if there was no alien thing. What if the entire episode was a group delusion. This group of people just went crazy due to the isolation, and they killed each other because they believed they were alien shape shifters. An interesting and frankly more terrifying story. More terrifying because it's so unlikely that an alien shape shifter would crash on Earth it might as well be impossible. But a group of people living in isolation, that can, totally happen.

[@daikon3199]

Great now I have a plot for my sci Fi comic 🤓

[@erictaylor5462]

@@realscience They already made a movie. Maybe that was why you couldn't see the breath of Childs in the end. Only Macready was left alive, and Childs was a dilution.

[@hylacinerea970]

honestly this is the coolest concept ive ever seen on the movie. fun fact: pre-industrial incidents of mass psychogenic illness are well documented, everything from dancing fevers to meowing nuns

[@erictaylor5462]

@@hylacinerea970 And even a couple of loony Cosmonauts. There was a near disaster on the Space Shuttle. One of the astronauts became so despondent after his experiment failed he tried to open the Shuttle's hatch in space. Now, I image that this hatch, the the doors on airliners are plug doors. Even so, NASA launched the Suttles with locks on the hatch from then on.

[@jennyanydots2389]

I pound off to John Carpenter's movies and headshots exclusively. He really fills my trousers if you know I am saying dawg.

[@virajpawar750]

I think VR headset would be so much useful for astronauts they could be getting sence of living on earth while traveling far

[@ImieNazwiskoOK]

Honestly it might bring opposite effect. Them seeing how nice Earth is while they float in a can in the middle of absolutely nothing.

[@silverhawkscape2677]

Or cause severe depression because they are seeing a fake world more beautiful than their current situation.

[@jadecutter1760]

I feel like I should be watching this on the Discovery Channel! Wild that I’m getting this for free on KZbin. Thank you for making and sharing this!

[@levilevi4189]

This channel lives up to its name with each upload. Well researched, cutting edge science, simplified presentation.

[@bbirda1287]

Such a comprehensive overview, very nice! I wonder if just putting sleeping ares in a centrifuge would be enough to support long duration missions.

[@jennyanydots2389]

There would have to be some kind of gRape simulator in there as well.

[@EladLerner]

The radiation protection vest shown in the video is from the Israeli company Stemrad. I worked on the lower back portion (i.e.: the butt) of the vest that's going on Orion this year. There are two dolls onboard: One called Zohar that will wear the vest, and one called Helga that will not. Each doll is packed with radiation sensors that's measure the effectiveness of the vest. Another vest like this is already on the ISS and was tested for commutability and effect on astronaut work performance in microgravity.

[@heatshield]

That's interesting. Are there any other details you can share about materials or construction? Congratulations on your work going to space.

[@marishiten5944]

Cool story. Who cares?

[@dr.victorvs]

Mental health being taboo has many deleterious effects to society, one of which is ignoring the importance of psychology as a field of technology. Unfortunately, although the military of Western countries seems to recognize the importance of dealing with it, basically every developing country, as well as developed Asian countries, seems to have problems with it. As a psychologist, this is super frustrating to watch.

[@NullHand]

I think a lot of that has to do with the diagnostics being mostly a very lengthy, human subjective judgement process. This is not only cumbersome and expensive, but highly prone to 'political' manipulation.

[@1994mrmysteryman]

@@NullHand As a Pakistani, I can also tell you that most people in our country view mental illness as an embarrassment. Including my father who happens to be a doctor. It's more of a stupid culture.

[@DrMackSplackem]

@@1994mrmysteryman It takes guts to say what you have just said. Guts are also the main ingredient required to mount a frontier. I think we all could stand to be a bit more critical of cultural values handed down via tradition, even here in the USA.

[@Kopie0830]

Mental health issues due to isolation is a problem in space: Japanese hikkomori: allow us to introduce ourselves

[@evanharrison4054]

On the other hand, do you really want "them" to crack our brains? I don't think if psychology was fully developed as a science that our world *wouldn't* turn into THX1138.

[@fastfiddler1625]

One of the few channels I actually want the bell rung on. Also, to loosely quote Mr. Tyson: All this talk about colonizing other worlds and the technology we would need to achieve that, you'd think we would be able to save our own planet with less effort.

[@silverhawkscape2677]

I fear we may become those Aliens from Independence day where they simply occupy a planet. Strip it of its resources, and move on to the next. Nomads that strip planets bear.

[@cleo5090]

we pretty much have all the tech we need, what we lack is proper funding, support, and overall belief in governments

[@hensonlaura]

@@cleo5090 the problem with governments is that they're made up of People and people are self-serving by nature. People also have the urge to want things arranged in their own way, and retain the basic survival instinct to dominate others. Tyranny ensues. There has never in the history of time been a government that did not begin to think more of enriching itself and the individuals in it, than than the people it's supposed to represent & protect. Didn't begin robbing it's people to that end, or virtually enslaving them by confiscating the fruits of their labor & dictating their movements. Even sneaky propaganda moves like teaching school children that Government will take care of everything, and that they know best - as is done in the US today. Government earners raising up the next crop of cattle to feed off of. They will NEVER do what's best for you. Only YOU can decide that, if you have any strength of character at all. What they will do is whatever's cheapest & easiest on them; whatever you will let them get away with, on their mission to self enrichment. I hope you will educate yourself on the nature of government. Edit: typos.

[@hensonlaura]

Reports of Earth's demise are highly exaggerated. Extreme temperature swings are part of the fun living on a rotating planet that is not a perfect sphere and therefore wobbles a bit. Because we're so smart, we have the evidence of these wild fluctuations over millions of years. The fear mongering by a few people with gargantuan wealth, and their pet political parties, is wily human behavior at it's finest. Manipulating people politically to achieve your own ends, on the massive scale previously belonging to world religions, is pure Evil.

[@D-Z321]

I have been following your channel for sometime now. You produce stimulating content. It’s well put together and presents fairly thorough set of discussion points. Typically, I have also found that you’ve been able to condense your analysis to less 30min. That said, my opinions mean nothing to the general pop., so easily dismissible, but for what it is worth you produce engaging content. Well done :).

[@Rom3_29]

I worked many years city mass transport service depo maintaining streetcars or trolleys. I noticed 1/3 of long term mechanics who stayed in same work area year after year. Dealing with 750-980 volt overhead electric power. Had developed tremors and other minor neurological problems. Making their other underline hidden and past health issues more troublesome.

[@qwazynes]

Amazing video as always!

[@Road_Rash]

I enjoy isolation...during lock down, I was like, 'OK, so life as usual then'...but even the most secluded introvert needs at least a little interaction with other humans on occasion...I can go for quite some time without being face to face with another human, but every once in a while you need to talk to someone who's capable of responding with something other than 'woofs' or 'meows'...so even the most solitary human would have a problem with deep space isolation after a while, but an introvert would last a lot longer than most others would...

[@pluspiping]

Same here, there were many days where I didn't go outside or speak to anyone... but personally, going outside was essential to my mental stability. Even if I didn't talk to anyone! I can't imagine what it was like for whole cities to be in lockdown (except for grocery store runs). And I REALLY don't want to imagine what it'd be like not being able to leave a glorified space submarine. Even an introvert needs to see a tree or touch a plant.

[@berretta9mm17]

These will likely NEVER be "single-Astronaut" missions - and even so, there is always communication with home, as communication times become faster over long distances.

[@Andrew-vo2rs]

​@@berretta9mm17you are absolutely so wrong are you a bot

[@aheimdahl5201]

As long as I have Cat or two, I don't really need other Human interaction, lol. COVID lockdown was heaven to me - no annoying people asking me whether I wanted to come down and play Bingo, asking me if I was going to the Cookouts or trying to cajole me into going somewhere with them.

[@dereklindsay1296]

I recently found this channel, and words can not describe how much I appreciate your hard work giving us this amazing content. 💜

[@rapid2950]

I love the early stage of videos, switching between thumnails and titles. I don't care about the video thumnails and titles from Real Science, because no matter the topic, Real Science will produce something good.

[@realscience]

I wish it didn't matter so much, but it does. I dream of a world where I only have to worry about making good science content, and not worry about how "clickable" the title is. But that's the game this is

[@ascensionindustries9631]

I've read that when a cosmic ray hits your brain in space it can register as a flash of light, even when you're asleep.

[@BiggieTrismegistus]

It's when it hits the retina or optic nerve but the flash of light is the result.

[@ImieNazwiskoOK]

One thing to note about seeing flashes of light: In some cases it's not purely hallucination, cosmic rays might be one of reasons(which might be reduced assuming that a long duration spacecraft would have more radiation shielding for some more safety). And I'm nearly sure those "figures" may in some cases by partially caused by seeing actual things outside(like pieces of debris or ice), something that may be fewer to see in interplanetary travel.

[@TheSnugglekins]

I love this channel. I constantly check if there's new videos and always yell in excitement when there's a new upload. Thanks for doing what you do!

[@marishiten5944]

You have a very real, sick desperation in your life.

[@rogawa9576]

8:14 - Those flashes of light aren't hallucinations, actually. They have something to do with the radiating high-speed particles, which would be normally blocked, but aren't in the outer space and thus do interact with the nerves of the eye, making the astronauts see these sudden short flashes.

[@masonkiel]

NASA: "We need humor, a uniquely human trait!" Also NASA: "So we're gonna build a computer to mimic human humor simulations--"

[@im_giogaudet]

As always amazing work guys . .. always enjoying and excited for everyone new episode

[@oh2txb18]

Great job breaking down the radiation limitations. Odd how so many videos overlook this massively important aspect.

[@kylemathew205]

The University of KZbin

[@simateix6262]

With the new CRISPER in development, we could make it quick and easy. Although loads of tests would have to be conducted first, it still appears as the best available and feasible option we currently have. Fantastic video. Keep them coming

[@jamalisujang2712]

200 years from now, earthnoids will have a racewar with spacenoids. Basically the expanse or gundam.

[@userequaltoNull]

Ah yes, All Tomorrows. :)

[@mycosys]

CRISPR, and i see little reason to turn to eugenics when we have viruses and MRNA vectors.

[@simateix6262]

that would be cool! Feel sad because will never see and never know though. Currently, we have some ideas and plans, but it is very difficult to predict the future. Just looking at what humanity predicted for the 21st century back in 1900 is honestly not very accurate at all. Makes me wonder what we will actually achieve and whether humanity by the 23rd century has finally become intelligent in terms of peace and prosperity for all and hopefully has stopped bickering and killing over petty reasons such as religion, resources, politics... I have always tended to be an optimist myself but cannot deny that we have still a long way to go. Hence why technology is so important, but understanding it is equally principal. We have a lot of challenges ahead of us, but if we work together we can overcome probably all of them and build a solid basis for the future generations who will benefit from it as we do right now from the people who made our current world possible. Science is magic that works :)

[@maythesciencebewithyou]

You people are imagining things about CRISPR, which it isn't.

[@flashback4004]

I finally found a good quality, true science channel. Thanks so much, I’ve been looking through your videos a lot. Thanks for your informative videos, and keep up the good work!

[@MrBanzoid]

Great channel. It appeared in my feed and I'll be binge watching it! Duly subscribed, thank you.

[@yahiaschaoticworld]

Contents: Risk 1 2:20 Risk 2 7:09 Risk 3 10:56

[@uhohhotdog]

+

[@mjinba07]

This presentation suggests that we're considering some of the most overt biological effects of spending extended time off earth, but there's surely a myriad of other, unidentified vulnerabilities. Humans evolved on earth, with earth, for earth. We're just beginning to understand our microbiomes, viral, bacterial and parasitic interdependence, nutritional needs, etc.

[@WolfHideANT]

I had no idea you uploaded such a cool video until it was suggested in my feed. Thanks for always spreading knowledge in such an entertaining way !

[@Babararoot55]

Ant 🐜

[@perafilozof]

One of the best videos so far. Keep it up!

[@MentalWanderings]

Geeze, I would feel so messed up inside an open centrifuge. Seeing the outside go by sideways gives me the same vertigo from sleeping sloppy drunk. It's really amazing what humans are capable of!

[@marishiten5944]

No worries. You'll likely never be given the opportunity so you don't have to worry.

[@firdaushbhadha2597]

This would be a really cool movie. Imagine we are in a "zoo" and the hallucination are just glitches in some reality masking tech. The advanced beings would never know its causing any issues cause it's so effective.

[@pandarianspidey]

You have to check Solaris out. A Film directed by Andrei Tarkowsky. Truly great cinema

[@eligreg99]

We probably are in a zoo or have been purposefully exiled from the rest of space because of our destructive behavior. It would make a lot of sense.

[@pallaciccione7885]

@@eligreg99 nah

[@beesod6412]

Such a good video, Thanks for the quality content Real Science

[@Patrick0900]

What a great video. 👍🏻 🙂 thank you for sharing with us ❤️. You did a really good job.

[@Davethreshold]

Another great one! When she started talking about the genetic engineering of astronauts it gets scary! I see ANOTHER great sci-fi film based on that part of this alone. 🧡😱

[@firstname405]

Why? Genetic engineering isn't that scary

[@ds698]

14:00 Mobile Suit Gundam tech has never been needed more then it is now, a large robotic exosuit with radiation protection ability to travel and traverse space from and to space stations, might even be able to have some sort of resistance weight system added to the suit so it forces you to have to move against a resistance ratio to earth gravity,

[@xponen]

yes that is a brilliant solution. A vest that protect from radiation or an exosuit that provide a resistance exercise is the cheapest & lightest protection for astronauts compared to shielding or centrifuging the entire spacecraft. It is the only way.

[@katelynpage4085]

This channel is amazing. Thank you for your content!

[@Kyrazlan]

A video from this channel always brightens up my week. Top tier content.

[@SharkTooth05]

Does Mars have an atmosphere dense enough to cut down the radiation like Earth does? You mentioned the journey to Mars exceeding radiation levels but what happens after you exceed that and actually make it to Mars do you just die of radiation poisoning soon after?

[@TheGamermouse]

Saw a video on this topic featuring a German astronaut. She said on board centrifuges are also problematic due to the sickness feeling they cause. Anyway, it's a privilege to receive this kind of high quality content from you. Thank you so much! ♥

[@dougsinthailand7176]

Yes, because of the differential in apparent gravity between the feet and the head. A more livable artificial gravity environment needs to be larger in radius.

[@srb20012001]

Well done essay. To the point and fact filled.

[@ShaunLevett]

Really like this channel, particularly the narrator. Sometimes the narrators on science channels try to be comedic and talk to you like a child and it really grates.

[@hensonlaura]

So true!

[@battlespace13]

Well done video, it discusses many of the problems we're currently encountering. But... What no one is addressing is that we're thinking too small. We're trying to repeat an Apollo-like expedition in a tin can (Artemis), and then wonder why the problems mount. Make the ship BIG, shield it with water, (which is a fantastic radiation shield, btw,) use the water to produce the air (you could even use it for fuel!) Put a bloody nuclear reactor on board! Then you've got juice for engines, an EM field generator and you can put a coaxial centrifuge for stability. Interior design needs to come into play too. We know that clutter is hard on us psychologically, and yet, the ISS is a cluttered mess, spatially. That is just poor design. Design it to be as comfortable as a luxury cruise. If the folks at SpaceX can make Starship work, you could assemble a ship with all of the above in 6-10 launches and thumb your nose at everything discussed in this video while on your way to Mars in 30 days instead of 270. (That is, if the FAA will just piss off!)

[@skeleton819]

we dont need to go to space

[@kumbah2006]

@@skeleton819 - you're too late, we've already gone to space, and we're going to keep doing it. :) Why? Think about it. That computer or tablet (you are using), your TV and various other gadgets, are a near direct result of the advances in technology that were spurred on by humankind's journeys into space. Velcro? Yes, that too ! Radio and TV used to be based on tubes, then transistors, and now microchips. It's getting even better - hang in there! Have a wonderful weekend! :)

[@skeleton819]

@@kumbah2006 i didnt say “gahhh we gotta stop space travel!!” the original commenter is worrying about some problem as if its a huuuge issue when your easy solution would be not to bother and be happy with our limits. We can’t take people past our solar system and onward. So, instead of making a panic lets just not bother at all cause we dont need to go to space, just enjoy what we have now

[@kumbah2006]

@@skeleton819 Yeah, it's better to work within our means, than work outside of it. There are enough problems here on Earth, but at the same time the further you go away from our gravity well, the more likely there will be problems. The human body isn't really designed for microgravity, but at the same time when you're in water, it's a similar experience. It was late, saw a little too much negativity, and should've kept quiet. I hope you're having a great weekend. :)

[@skeleton819]

@@kumbah2006 ok

[@samuelmade5776]

"You need a clown" Me: it's showtime

[@DoingFavors]

Not just a clown, someone who spreads enjoyment and fun to others because they genuinely enjoy being fun and enjoyable. A sad clown is still sad.

[@a.ran_blvd]

I don't usually spend much time with videos over 15 minutes. But you guys made it interesting that I have stayed until the video ended.

[@11jdstein]

Fascinating analysis, thank you.

[@JWinslow11]

Whoa, the loss of bone density is intense in space!!!

[@DrMackSplackem]

The gravity problem is much worse than the radiation problem, for this and many other reasons. It's a crime that we've been going in circles for decades 200 miles above the surface, and haven't been working on practical artificial gravity at all.

[@screwyourhandle]

Make no bones about it, it's EXTREME Osteoporosis!!! Half the bone density, twice the adrenaline!!! Viewer discretion is advised.

[@user-dj1hy6zc6q]

In the intro: Crewed missions to Mars with stays on Mars for months or years? Or one-day, entire lifetimes? I think the first crewed missions to Mars will be for the remainder of their lives. Once anyone is on Mars, I think they will be stuck there. I don't think they will have the resources or infrastructure to return. I feel bad for them. Anyone who does it will spend the rest of their life very lonely and disconnected.

[@ddmarty]

You're absolutely right. Someone once said, talking about space exploration: "We need true explorers, like the ones from ancient times. Those who explored America and other parts of the world. They left their homes knowing they would never return. They knew it was a one way mission. Those are true explorers."

[@han-tyumitheconfusedcyborg1656]

What? They are going to return them…

[@Maven0666]

Well thank you. I’ve been wanting to know this particular information quite awhile now.

[@erinh1923]

The personality model is called PCM process communication model and it's really interesting! My work uses it and I use it in my personal life!

[@hgbugalou]

Just more proof comedians have some of the most important jobs in society.

[@Drahko12]

I thought water shielding also helps to protect against radiation. Still it might be to heavy for lifting a rocket but in space loading the shield with water maybe

[@xponen]

graph at 13:25 agrees that water is the best shielding ("PSE Hydrogen") while plastic is 2nd best ("PSE Polyethylene"), and 3rd best is Aluminium ("PSE Aluminium"). However none is best against cosmic rays (eg: "GCR Hydrogen"), so I'm guessing there's no other way; the shielding must be thick regardless of material, so to solve cargo mass problem the shield need to be small and personalised to the astronaut itself (16:43) rather than shielding the whole spacecraft.

[@tonnywildweasel8138]

I'll wait for the Star Trek Enterprise ;-) Thanks for the vid, learned a lot! Greets from the Netherlands 🌷, T.

[@wilurbean]

The two simple truths of real space exploration: 1 - nuclear power is not optional, it's mandatory. High power compact sources are necessary. 2 - artificial gravity is far simpler than trying to engineer a way around the human body's necessity for gravity. It takes size and mass, no way around it.

[@richarddeese1991]

Thanks. Inhibiting DNA breakdown may sound like a keen idea, until we remember how hard it is to kill cancer already. Given that cancer is associated with viruses, bacteria, and human genes, that idea might well backfire on us in a major way over the long term. Personally, I think building more suitable ships in space - at least in orbit - is a better option. It may take longer, but maybe that's OK. tavi.

[@silverhawkscape2677]

True.

[@DavidBrocekArt]

9:30 - This is such an underrated approach by many companies. Having a good team is not about having 10 people with cool CV's, but having 10 people who can potentially be friends. I have a good example from my own experience. I've been working in a company for many years, working with cool people. One day, we hired a "good candidate" according to her CV. After she joined us, the whole process started to fall apart, she was fighting others for not being "good enough", and some people even left the company because of her. Then the other example... I've been playing basketball with a bunch of semi-good players, and we are up and down winning and losing, we are very mediocre players. But we are all very good friends, almost like a family of 15 people. We go to vacations together, we go for beer every now and then. That's why we achieved a championship last year after 7 years of trying.

[@xliquidflames]

There's another problem with rotating space stations. Things don't move the way we're used to. If you try to toss a ball to someone across the room, it won't fly in a straight line. Well, it does, but from your perspective it looks like it takes a curved path because you are spinning. So, you'll use a lifetime of muscle memory and neuron connections to aim your toss right at the other person but the ball will land several feet to one side. It can take a long time for people to adapt to this. It also messes with your inner ear and can cause dizziness, nausea, and make it really hard to even walk.

[@NickC_222]

As an introvert, when you started talking about the extreme isolation I actually got a bit envious. I've been living the isolation of peak lockdown for years upon years because it's how I prefer to live. The thing that REALLY made me anxious was the thought of being in a confined space with the same few people without the ability to get away from them. That's a straight-up horror show for someone like me. Get away from me! D:

[@leefly8532]

This is past introversion go seek mental health evaluation

[@theravenousrabbit3671]

Genetic modification is obviously a technology that will be extremely important in the future to combat things like obesity, superbugs and the like. But I am terrified that as we genetically modify people, we will end up with classes of people that are inherently different. Especially if we figure out how to extend life, increase intelligence and enhance beauty.

[@waff6ix]

we most likely will n at that point the rich people will no longer be people anymore but beyond human💯

[@confusedwhale]

Obesity should be dealt with by changing the diet and minimizing sugar consumption. Why mess with genetics when a much easier solution is already readily available. Obesity isn't so much an individual problem but a societal one.

[@theravenousrabbit3671]

@@confusedwhale Well, obesity is on the rise and is basically caused by over-work and low quality food, plastics and eating disorders. I doubt you will be able to fix these, because companies and productive levels will demand they stay the same. For example, one of the main reasons why obesity has sky-rocketed is because of working hours. Working hours have basically doubled since the 70's, which means a lot less free time for families to exercise, prepare healthy meals and etc.

[@confusedwhale]

@@theravenousrabbit3671: So, all I'm hearing is that society is toxic and that it needs to change for the health of humanity and the entire ecosystem of this world.

[@mycosys]

eugenics definitely isnt the answer. We already have MRNA and virus vectors and are developing the ability to alter gene expression.

[@SoldSoul22]

This is the content I've been searching for everywhere now here it is right in front of me, I have to invest into curiosity stream now💜💯

[@StepBaum]

Very well depicted topic, love the video :)

[@maxon1672]

The worst part about this is how the most intimate details and nuance of the human experience is reduced down to operational efficiency for the achievement of a “greater” government or corporate goal. Tricking our fellow human minds into patterns that “reduce depression” or “boost morale” essentially artificially is so horrifically pointless to me. We’re missing the entire point of the human experience, focusing only on this false idol we’ve named “Progress.” Technological advancement is not inherently bad, obviously. But losing the plot, forgetting the importance of “life,” no longer living just to live. That’s the real tragedy.

[@quasarsavage]

Artificial gravity ships that travel faster (1-10 percent c) is what I am getting from this. Maybe put more amenities on board for the crew and consider hibernation for periods of the trip. Of course this will be thousands of years from now when we can afford this and have the will to make it :)

[@eligreg99]

Have a crew of 8 take turns watching the ship. The first 4 are awake for the first half of the trip and vice versa.

[@marishiten5944]

Do you have any idea how much money things cost? You want to give them an indoor swimming pool? What about a starbucks with a barista? You realize the bigger something is, the more it weighs. The more it weighs, the harder it is to get out of Earth's gravity. The more it weighs, the more it takes to propel. You think venture capitalists are going to green light a 3 trillion dollar luxury spaceship? This isn't star wars.

[@catmate8358]

This was a very good video, based on facts and, well, real science ;-) I like the format, keep it up. Subscribed.

[@user-wd1zl4bb6x]

transition from main content to sponsor ad part was cha cha real smooth

[@confusedwhale]

Mentioning skylab turning off communication with Mission Control right after mental health problems is super inappropriate. Ignoring Mission Control was a protest against unhealthy working conditions. It wasn't because of the astronauts mental problems that they stopped talking to Mission Control, but rather it's because Mission Control's unethically tightly controlled work schedule.

[@realscience]

I didn't mean to imply it was a result of only mental health issues. I was stating the importance of team dynamics and working conditions, which does play a role in mental health.

[@confusedwhale]

@@realscience: It's okay that you didn't mean to, but you still did. And I acknowledge that you were trying to talk about team dynamics, but there were less than ideal outcomes in that endeavor. Right now, large organizations are taking advantage of people and pushing the blame on the workers, and using lack of communication with mission control as an example of astronauts' poor mental health is victim blaming. It's like saying a person that has experienced assault who doesn't want to talk to their assaulter has mental problems. What I'm really hoping for here is for future videos to take into account that what is and isn't left out of a piece of writing can severely skew the interpretation of said work, and people that are in a less powerful position given a bit more consideration. For example: If you wanted to talk about the Skylab's Strike, emphasize the toxic way that ground personal can treat astronauts, and how altering a _boss's_ (Mission Control) interactions with it's _employees_ (astronauts) will bring better outcomes for the entire company (NASA). Thank you for responding, and thank you for the video.

[@mycosys]

Also wrong - none of it happened. An exhausted crew missed a couple of radio windows. No strike, radio wasnt turned off, and it certainly wasnt a day.

[@mycosys]

@@realscience and in doing so you repeated a complete myth.

[@-AxisA-]

@@confusedwhale If that is so important in your opinion, why don't make a video about it?

[@Zomboside]

Nasa to send clowns to space, got it

[@ontheridgebymk7009]

Thanks for the vid great job, always a great place for inspiration for me and my videos. Peace

[@Babararoot55]

MK

[@Grinningfartking6969]

Love the speakers voice they could talk about anything and I would fall in love

[@kiler90]

Do you think that some sort of modified/mutated gene could be passed down from an astronaut to their children to make space more bearable? From someone who has been to space several times for long amounts of time?

[@Sedonapass]

maybe if they spend years up there its possible... prolly 40 years+

[@xmusjackson7058]

And here we have some pure stupid trying to act smart.

[@naciremasti]

Our circulatory system relies too much on gravity to be a purely space bound species.

[@robertanderson5092]

No

[@mycosys]

do want eugenics?

[@fayas234]

Hey I wouldn't mind if you use some yt tricks to get views this channel deserves more views in my opinion By this you can spread more knowledge

[@davidmackie8552]

Very interesting! Thankyou.

[@deBussyLicker]

"Many of us got a taste of isolation during the worst covid lockdowns" bro it was the best time in my entire life

[@aheimdahl5201]

Mine too

[@drury2d8]

Elon should have a long stay up there.

[@h1n1virus85]

I wonder if NASA has done any tests on reproduction in space.

[@georgfranko]

I am sure at least some have tested reproduction in space :D

[@Nilmoy]

A very good voice for narration!

[@A_Different_ViewPoint.]

Nice video. Love your content! ❤️

[@pratikkawade4861]

try to understand this, if you wake up out of a nightmare, you can't even tell that you're awake, there's no bed that's pressed against you with the force of gravity. there's no solace, there's no sense of relief, that you get knowing that you're in the safety of your own home.

[@syedtalhanoor7361]

I can't wait until people finally go to Mars. I just hope they find a way to live.

[@glennbabic5954]

It will be horrible for the astronauts and not worth the science.

[@paulocezar8833]

How is the science not worth it. Getting to and living on Mars would develop key technologies to be used on Earth.

[@hilltopgypsy]

Idiotic morons are STILL CONVINCED that people are going to Mars, while I am Absolutely convinced Not In My Lifetime! I keep trying to get someone/anyone to bet me on that, but so far, no takers. Fragile humans cannot survive such a journey, let alone get there AND BACK! So the first thing that must be chosen for is suicidal tendencies. "Hey, I'm willing to go and die in the attempt!" Sounds like fun, right?

[@naciremasti]

To a planet witha solid core? The whole 'we'll terraform mars' logic is fundamentally flawed in that there will never be an atmosphere that's not constantly sucked away by solar winds. There's not enough of a magnetic field and humans aren't going to kick start that back, or terraform.

[@glennbabic5954]

@@paulocezar8833 justifying Mars colonization on future unknowns is a lazy cover for just wanting to go there for the sake of it.

[@neem9115]

Excellent videos, definitely earned my subscription👍

[@jedgould5531]

Concise evaluation. Well done.

[@hermeticxhaote4723]

All the problems that happen to the human body in space is why we are not going to Mars anytime soon. Yet again, something else Musk is completely wrong about.

[@doctorpurple5173]

Ok boomer

[@5daboz]

"NASA was studying people in isolation and confinement for years" Me: Oooooo, so that is what covid was all about 😜

[@chrisgarciahostof-isitjust6697]

Really enjoyed the topic.

[@Hyperion656]

I noticed in the bit about isolation you made no mention about personality types that work well in isolation and solitude, like introverts, would they have the same issues, are there studies because as an introvert the way you described isolation almost sounds like heaven.

[@natew4724]

Let's take a moment to appreciate how this professional documentary is available for free to everyone to view.