Reusable One Stage Orbital Space Truck (ROOST)

[@GreggyBoop]

Getting some serious Sea Dragon vibes from this rocket. Yet another amazing animation. Us space fans really do appreciate your beautiful work. Thank you!

[@jmwoods190]

And interestingly, Bono had proposed at least one other version of the ROOST that is bigger than the one above- one about the size of the Sea Dragon!

[@curious5887]

@@jmwoods190 what’s the name of the other design?

[@skenzyme81]

The lowered orange sea anchors at the end were clever. They appear flimsy but once in the water, the would have provided many tons of stabilizing force if the wind kicked up.

[@randycampbell6307]

Needed since it was essentially a hydrogen balloon at that point :)

[@sciencetriumph9488]

Yeah, to bad it would explode during reentry

[@randycampbell6307]

@@sciencetriumph9488 Why would you think that?

[@skenzyme81]

@@randycampbell6307 The technology is still pretty far away. NASA only demonstrated the first successful test of an inflatable heat shield just a month ago. Just look up "LOFTID Inflatable Heat Shield"

[@randycampbell6307]

@@skenzyme81 Like many technologies inflatables (both habitats and heat shields) was being strongly developed in the 50s and 60s to a point where they could be live tested but lack of direct use for Apollo and budget issues meant they were shelved. We've essentially had to redevelop the concepts from square one.

[@xlynx9]

Nice animation. You're digging up some really cool concepts I'd never heard of without you.

[@timbermicka]

What an insanely overkilll way to launch that tiny Mercury-Agena spacecraft

[@tarunantony1866]

I think its a Gemini spacecraft

[@iamarokotmanson]

It's a Big Gemini

[@tarunantony1866]

@@iamarokotmanson oh yeah, I must’ve really undersized the launch vehicle. I see the differences now.

[@davidstuckey9289]

That's the most amazing use of the " ballute" concept I have seen

[@Cruiserfrank]

I've heard a lot about Philip Bono's other Douglas rocket concepts, like ROMBUS and Pegasus/Ithacus, but I'd never heard of this. Time for some research! I love your inclusion of the H-34 Sea Horse helicopters and an old Liberty Ship type freighter. Gives the video a cool early '60s vibe.

[@retrofan42]

There has been a similar heat shield concept under development by NASA for several years, although much smaller (inflatable cone shaped). When the JPSS mission launches (planned for the next month or so), there is a payload called LOFTID (Low-Earth Orbital Flight Test of an Inflatable Decelerator). The concept has been tested several times at various altitudes in the atmosphere, this will be the first attempt to do reentry with it. You can choose this option in KSP as a supplemental heat shield.

[@jesselopez0008]

Im working on a similar concept as a part of my bachelor's degree

[@michagrill9432]

And it just was tested and it worked perfectly :D

[@Dominion69420]

Phillip Bono never fails to amaze me with all these designs. Should have been given a chance with atleast one

[@Chris.Davies]

By far the nuttiest SSTO concept I have ever seen.

[@brutalvous]

And please make that 1959 Aldebaran concept someday, I never heard about that one and it looks so cool.

[@randycampbell6307]

The Air Force seven Titan bodies powering two F1 engines booster or the really insane contained orion drive version by Dandridge Cole? (I suspect the latter but that's the problem with 1950s concepts, everyone was using all the names :) )

[@randycampbell6307]

All that to deliver a "Big Gemini" to orbit :) Great animation as always. Looking forward to seeing if you do an LRV (Lenticular Reentry Vehicle) launch and landing at some point. Watching a half dozen tanks dragging the LRV lifted by a gigantic hot air balloon back to the launch site would be...cool? :)

[@trr94001]

SSTO means accepting pitifully tiny payload fractions.

[@stuartyoung4182]

Would it only be a Big G payload - or might something else be deployed from the payload adapter behind the Gemini? This is a Bono concept with which I was not previously familiar - so I was assuming that the Gemini was just used for guidance - was going to ask whether this vehicle could be launched uncrewed as a cargo craft only. I'll have to do an Internet search for ROOST to get the full picture.

[@randycampbell6307]

@@stuartyoung4182 See the "Spaceflight History" link I put down (August 2022) as he has a fully look at the ROOST design. Ya it was 'supposed' to have over 300,000lbs payload to orbit and a return payload of 30,000lbs and could be used crewed or uncrewed. Again though Bono was known for his optimism :)

[@MartinDawson-u6i]

The Gemini was to be used on test missions, later missions would have a 'proper' large payload.

[@simongeard4824]

I've definite concerns about the practicality of that landing... a hot-air balloon landing at sea is going to have horrific problems with wind. And once down it seems to still ride very high out of the water... you're presumably relying on the balloon (ballute?) to keep the rocket out of the saltwater, but you'd need to get it at least partly deflated quickly to reduce sail area... towing it as-is would be challenging.

[@kayboku7281]

im pretty sure all this plus more is the reason its never been built!. For instance how absolutly humoungous must the hot air balloon be to be floating an empty rocket in air! Gonna need fuel to keep that hot air hot! When it hits the water it would cool extremely fast, hence no longer be floating. SO many reasons this was just an imaginery concept.

[@luigeribeiro]

@@kayboku7281 How do you know there is hot air inside it? It could be hydrogen, helium.... about the cooling: the heat shield bellow wouldn't allow a rapid variation in temperature due to its very low thermal conductivity.

[@JBM425]

Apparently, they are going to test the inflatable heat shield concept next month with a subsatellite payload called LOFTID. We’ll see how well that works in a small scale demonstrator.

[@rolflandale2565]

If it actually had thermal resistance for re-entering Earth atmospheres, then it should at least sustain weather at touch down, butthe touch down, one would be concerned about, the balloon will need to deflate or compress.

[@simongeard4824]

@@rolflandale2565 my concern about weather isn't simply that it could be damaged... it's about being able to control the descent and landing in anything more than a light breeze.

[@webspiderc]

What material can make the "balloon" so strong , heat resistance and light weight?

[@webspiderc]

spaceflighthistory.blogspot.com/2022/08/reusable-one-stage-orbital-space-truck.html

[@webspiderc]

Found something interesting

[@5000mahmud]

@@webspiderc What ya find?

[@retrofan42]

Something similar is about to get its first orbital test soon. LOFTID. m.kzbin.info/www/bejne/j6WviJ2Xj7usbrs

[@randycampbell6307]

Woven steel and heat resistant alloy threads with an inner hydrogen retaining liner. A 'bit' more than 'state-of-the-art' at the time but such materials had been tested and methods developed. Very similar to the inflatable heat shield concepts being tested today though our newer stuff is a lot lighter due to materials progress

[@mased-v2j]

it's incredible how much improvement we see just in the one to two weeks between videos

[@randycampbell6307]

Added context and explanation of the concept can be found here: spaceflighthistory.blogspot.com/2022/08/reusable-one-stage-orbital-space-truck.html

[@randycampbell6307]

Can we get this pinned please for reference?

[@solarsailor1534]

As ridiculous as this seems, there’s some merit to the concept. The upcoming Vulcan Centaur rocket is planned to be upgraded with a first stage inflatable heat shield to protect the engines, avionics, and thrust structure during re-entry. Afterwards they can be caught with a helicopter and reused for future missions.

[@quitegonejim1125]

Great stuff as always! Congrats on 100k sub too, well deserved! 😁

[@carl8703]

That's... actually not a bad design.

[@lewismassie]

That is a frankly absurdly massive inflatable

[@X-JAKA7]

Sea dragon reentry systems and this reentry system look a lot like cervical caps and menstrual cups.

[@possum303]

What is the original audio for the launch sound?

[@linkfan2109]

Yoooo new vid! Your 3d animations are amazing

[@austinmorris981]

So there was a Philip Bono design which was not profiled in the Kenneth Gatland book: "Space Frontiers". I did not know about this one. Thank you very much for this video!

[@MartinDawson-u6i]

That book was based on Ken and Phil's articles in B.I.S.'s 'Spaceflight' magazine in the late 1960's. Theres loads of imaginative idea's. Like Saturn V's with Minuteman first stages as strap ons ;o)

[@conanotoole]

Amazing video! Visuals are fantastic! I did find one error though at 5:35 when the helicopter is flying past the navy vessel, the boats smoke seems to appear in front of the helicopter instead of behind it. Regardless, it's still a great video, keep up the good work!

[@grandicellichannel]

Someone tell me who overfed a Mercury Redstone please is not healhy.

[@upupup222]

what program do you use when you make this animation????

[@mishapatapovich3996]

Probably Autodesk Maya

[@TheStoneAxe23Animation]

POV: someone gave NASA some extra zero's at the end of their budget

[@koharumi1]

sea dragon here we come.

[@Тонилед]

Hmm, an elegant solution for the rescue of the first stage (in the USSR there was a similar project of an inflatable heat shield and a parachute for descending orbiters, plus a smaller version for individual spacesetting cosmonauts from orbit, a satchel with an analagic system that would allow an astronaut in a spacesuit to return to Earth independently).

[@architgupta9395]

great video

[@fracturedgamer420]

Great video. One question though, wouldn't it have had to had a rope pulling it from behind while being towed to keep it from tipping over onto the towing boats?

[@randycampbell6307]

Note that when it landed it had four (4) sea anchors deployed, the 'aft' most one would remain in the sea to provide drag and help with control. It's not going to 'tip-over' per-se since it's essentially a large hydrogen balloon as the ballute if filled and pressurized by hydrogen bleed off from the propellant residues.

[@rubikmonat6589]

What are the four small things ejected to the sides?

[@pegasusted2504]

They are the covers for the attitude control thrusters

[@bazoo513]

Heh, that piston-engined Sikorsky helikopter dates the concept very nicely - nice touch! (I looked it up - 1953!) Inflatable hypersonic decelerator doubling as a hot air balloon is positively nuts, but might actually work - makes the whole job of propulsive landing unnecessary. But, we never succeeded making a SSTO craft, even winged and partially air-breathing. What was "secret sauce" here - extremely light airframe? (The propellant was supposed to be hydralox - I suppose that those engines would not be much different from F-1... Speaking of which, a tiny nitpick: the exhaust was too bright initially for hydrogen burning engines, IMO) Another beauty, Hazegrayart!

[@alvis1686]

the secret sauce is size, ssto is relatively easy, they just have terrible payload capacity, if you make it enormous then that tiny fraction of mass that can be payload becomes useful.

[@bazoo513]

@@alvis1686 You mean, if X-33 can lift a NASA decal worth of payload, something bigger than SpaceX SH/SS might actually have some meaningful payload? I am not sure that scaling works in that direction, but then, I am still drinking my first coffee... Thanks!

[@brutalvous]

When was this concept proposed?

[@blackasp001]

1963 actually

[@acoitheadventurer1001]

I can see why.

[@Allan_aka_RocKITEman]

Great video...👍

[@fridaycaliforniaa236]

Damn, I don't wanna be the guy who will have to fold this thing 😂

[@randycampbell6307]

"Guys" LOTS of "guys" to fold and inspect that after every flight :)

[@fridaycaliforniaa236]

@@randycampbell6307 lol

[@robertjacobs7223]

Incredible pre- frontal work, guys & gals ..mind blowing Ideas .. how your cool visions & future is penetrated. CGI is mint! DON'T STOP..PLEASE MORE, MORE OFTEN.. IM A SUB..T.Y

[@badrinair]

Nicely done ...

[@nhhfdyhvdfghh]

Меня больше всего интересует, какой материал планируют использовать в качестве термозащитного для изготовления баллона?

[@No.Inkognito]

И что происходит с газом во время нагрева щита? ))

[@val82791]

"Планировали" т.к. проект 1962 года. spaceflighthistory.blogspot.com/2022/08/reusable-one-stage-orbital-space-truck.html "he lower part of the drag cone, which would become its forward-facing "nose" during reentry (and thus would be exposed to the greatest aerodynamic heating) would comprise Rene 41 or stainless steel wire cloth coated with silicone sealant. It would be made up of "airmat" cells, so would tend to hold its shape even when not filled with gas" и.т.д

[@caav56]

ЕМНИП, металлоткань из рений-ниобиевого сплава плюс аблятивное покрытие поверх неё.

[@val82791]

@@caav56 о цене скромно умолчим...

[@caav56]

@@val82791 Планировалось отбить со временем за счёт многоразовости, плюс основная часть баллона была бы сталетканевой - рений-ниобиевый слой был бы только снаружи.

[@richardm.newlands2417]

Fascinating! Looking forward to seeing if you do Bono's LRV (Lenticular Reentry Vehicle) .

[@vwasson6725]

Payload capacity? Rocket engines, type/power/quantity? Kind of skimpy on the deployment of the "bubble". What are the composites of the materials? Are the boost engines still in there somewhere? That's a huge sail area to manage in open seas in comparison to the apparent weight distribution. Pretty but where's the details? Or is this just someone's imagination being animated?

[@caav56]

>Pretty but where's the details? Or is this just someone's imagination being animated? Real project from back then, but yeah.

[@randycampbell6307]

See link to article at the top of the post. (Spaceflight History blog post for August 2022) Payload was to be about 360,000lbs proposed to orbit with a possible return payload of up to 30,00lbs (Again Bono was an optimist :) ) Engines were an new-build hydrolox engine (12 of them) each capable of at least 1 million pounds of thrust at sea level. (Note the SSME produced 418,000lbs, while the RS-68 produces 660,000lbs of thrust at sea level) The ballute is stainless steel and Rene41 cloth weave of which small batches had been tested. The boost engine are still in there, yes :)

[@sjvche7675]

Talk about f'ing a rolling donut. This concept has been around for decades, I think. Has there ever been a small scale proof of concept?

[@randycampbell6307]

Well 'technically' the hydrogen "toroid" that made up the balloon section was about the size of the airships Akron and Macon combined so I guess you could say the 'concept' was tested :)

[@ajds]

Beautiful

[@memespeech]

is the bottom part - inflatable helium balloon?

[@randycampbell6307]

Upper part of the 'cone' is a toroidal hydrogen balloon actually

[@AndrewHillis_2024]

I LIKE R.O.O.S.T. LET'S BUILD IT ! ! !

[@danmacgowan8242]

There is something wrong with the visual for this rocket. Given a estimated 35000 return weight, you are looking at approximately 17000 cubic meters of gas envelope to support that weight. Goodyear blimp: Gross weight: 12,840 lb (5,824 kg) Volume: 202,700 cu ft (5,740 m3) times 3. I think it would be a little bit bigger.

[@TiberiusMaximus]

whats the material used for the combination heat shield balloon? Do we even have such a material?

[@caav56]

ReNe alloy. Yes, we do, but it's quite expensive.

[@mishapatapovich3996]

I'd love to see a realized version of the British Interplanetary Society's Moon Rocket concept!

[@mathiaslist6705]

So Bono was the first coming up with the inflateable heat shield? (as far as I know this just tested in the 21st just one or two years ago)

[@bigcatsliontiger]

what program do you use to create those videos ?

[@braderickson9996]

Crazy enough to work. Once in a while, NASA does crazy. Such as landing on Mars, in a cluster of ballutes, bouncing to a stop.

[@mrdavidgreen]

Brilliant animation - as always from Hazegrayart! But two things caught my eye this time.. someone has already mentioned the Navy helicopter passing behind the smoke of the ship, but it also would have been good to have seen its reflection in the dome of the heat sheild ;-)

[@rustyneedles3743]

Your animations are top notch, love them, I am curious, what do you use to animate it all? Blender? again, awesome work

[@d.cypher2920]

wait, that Philip Bono?!! the singer, politician? i didn't know he was a 'rocket enthusiast' as well!!? 🇺🇸😎 great video!!

[@retrofan42]

That was Sonny Bono.

[@pegasusted2504]

I think it should be refurbishable and not reusable since you need replace lots of bits that get ejected ie the attitude control covers and the covers around the base.

[@Historianization]

True, but all spacecraft even Falcon 9 require -something- to be replaced, and covers are much cheaper than engines or tankage.

[@rolflandale2565]

Goes from A to B & then B to C, that parts very sstol, the whole vessel has an air ballon for re-entering & land. Nice. Feasible with a temporary heat shield paint coat, what's the bottom of the balloon made of? And how to assure it drifts down on target pot?

[@randycampbell6307]

It's a hydrogen, not hot air balloon. It uses bleed off gas from the propellant residues to inflate and pressurize. The ballute was to be made of woven steel fibres with a special refractory metal fiber 'overlay' of the lower (and most heated) sections. Assuring it drifts down the 'targeted' spot was an issue since it had no control so the idea was to 'target' the equatorial 'doldrums' to avoid weather issues if possible. The downside was this would mean a long tow period or using overseas bases to process the booster and then ship it back to the US by a large barge.

[@rolflandale2565]

@@randycampbell6307 my first question was the balloon *texture* source. NOT the dought of how it floats or what's in it, the *re-entering* initiative... Technically the desending after can be hosted by adjacent drones, capturing the entering craft, after troposphere height, the final part wasn't complicated. Yet we all recognize they never demonstrated that eighter.

[@larryliles4079]

Love this guys work. Really would like to know what software package he is using to produce this those. I would love to try it for my own project.

[@ultralaggerREV1]

2:15 on camera shots like this, add some “wavy” distortion effect if possible

[@smiskowiak]

The concept looks workable enough. My only question is how big is the payload bay? I saw the capsule separation, but that little thing can't be the payload. Otherwise you have this massive rocket hauling up a capsule no bigger than the Dragon capsule. It would be major overkill of a rocket.

[@caav56]

The capsule is plenty big (it's a Big Gemini, with enough space for 9 men and consumables for resupplying space station), but yeah, that's the payload. Such is a curse of SSTOs.

[@fromnorway643]

@@caav56 Tsiolkovsky's rocket equation is _brutal!_

[@John_Weiss]

​@@fromnorway643It's often called, "The tyranny of the Rocket Equation," for a reason…

[@paulhaynes8045]

I'd never heard of this, so didn't see the end coming. This has got to be the weirdest of all the STTO ideas!

[@Northedoggie]

Who's up there filming this??

[@LUIZ0798]

Very good 👏

[@a_Zkat]

Great work as always. This ballute seems too heavy, but it would be better than a Space Shuttle-type big wing for SSTO.

[@eudell02]

Tá aí um treco que eu nunca esperei ver kkk

[@IanValentine147]

Amazing, does not even get wet!

[@DJRonnieG]

I first saw inflatable heat shields ("ballute") on Zeta Gundam.

[@ysts3452]

for heat shield, possible to use a smaller one with accurate angle control. for decelerator, why not parachute?

[@jonbravo8610]

That was a pretty large rocket to Just Launch a capsule.

[@randycampbell6307]

Big Gemini and cargo module, about 40,000+lbs :)

[@koharumi1]

though the most effective way to get to space would be a tether. like the kurzgesagt video suggests.

[@joedizzelfoerizle]

Yeah SON, light that candle! 💪😎🇺🇸

[@homesimcockpit1954]

I kept waiting for stage separation, and it never happened. LOL What an odd concept for reentry.

[@randycampbell6307]

Something that's bulky but very light weight has a lower heating pulse and decelerates faster in the upper atmosphere than something that's compact and heavy. The same concept is being applied to NASA and other agencies inflatable decelerator projects which allow a much bigger heat-shield/drag device in smaller packing. Note that every spot where you'd expect a 'staging event' this concept just shut down a couple of engines :)

[@exprecordsco]

Would this really work? What kind of gas would be inside of the cone and wouldn't it explode on reentry? The animation is great though.

[@randycampbell6307]

Yes it's similar to the current idea of inflatable heat-shields/decelerators many space agencies are working on today. No since there's no air in space and only hydrogen in the balloon it can't explode and once it's lower in the atmosphere pressure inside is higher than atmospheric pressure so no air can leak in.

[@ClinchfieldRailfan921]

Introducing the little brother of the Sea Dragon!!!!

[@IanValentine147]

Fab is that ballute lighter than air?

[@randycampbell6307]

Yes, but not with the weight of the engines it's only MOSTLY lighter than air :)

[@Estes705]

Is it carrying a Mercury capsule? Or something else?

[@iamarokotmanson]

It's carrying a Big Gemini. Basically an enlarged Gemini for more crew

[@aec007]

Excellent animation and cool concept from that era. Sadly at the time we did not the computer simulations we have today, because it is obvious that the payload would have been minimal at a very heavy cost. Contrast that to SpaceX Falcon and soon to be Starship that use a 2nd stage (reusable in starship) to make access to space at a much reduced cost as needed with massive payloads. Also the balloon in the video, although correct in scale, seems extremely small for such large rocket... I think it would have dropped like a rock... not a soft hot air balloon landing.

[@randycampbell6307]

It's payload was kind of meant to be 'minimal' in general (note it delivered a Big Gemini capsule and cargo pod into orbit) the idea being a single stage would be easier and cheaper to refurbish than multiple stages. (Still an argument of the SSTO crowd today :) ) It landed like a balloon because at that point is IS a balloon. The ballute is filled and pressurized with excess hydrogen gas from the propellant so once in the lower atmosphere it would tend to 'float'. Hence needing the sea anchors to hold it in place and why it sits almost complexly out of the water. (The engines would have been out of the water too)

[@randycampbell6307]

@@TomTheGrouch Bono's designs were quite often "optimistic' in the extreme. NASA (and others) have done quite a bit of inflatable research and they can be quite robust AND lightweight. No doubt this was pushing that envelope but it's probably the least of the issues :)

[@Opusss]

Why not attach the fairing pieces to the inflatable and recover them as well?

[@randycampbell6307]

Leaving them attached would create aerodynamic 'hot spots' on the ballute which is just a woven steel mesh and inner hydrogen liner and would cause drag issues during reentry that might throw the vehicle off trajectory. (Or worse cause it to tumble) As SpaceX found out, fairings are pretty cheap and recovery can be not-so-cheap so expending them makes more economic sense.

[@caav56]

@@randycampbell6307 And SpaceX also recovers fairings by equipping them with their own parachutes.

[@randycampbell6307]

@@caav56 FYI No they don't any longer, they quit doing that because it was not cost effective.

[@watchth1ngs]

Logan’s Run soundtrack?

[@kaelandin]

So he designed something similar to the HIAD back in the 60s?

[@_MaxHeadroom_]

Is it really so worth not having multiple stages that you make a gigantic rocket to get a tiny capsule to orbit 😅

[@randycampbell6307]

In theory? Yes, or so the argument goes but keep in mind that's a LH2/LOX stage which is why it's so big. At the time LH2/LOX was the only propellant combination that could 'close' a case for SSTO, today we know different BUT the issue with SSTO is always that the payload would be vastly smaller than a two-stage system but the argument was that recovering and maintaining only a single stage might (note that point) be more cost effective. And the payload isn't that 'small' really considering it's a Big Gemini and payload module which comes in at around 40,000lbs all-up.

[@duho7761]

So, why didn't we go with something like this?

[@iamarokotmanson]

There was no real purpose, Saturn V could get people to the moon just fine and after Nixon killed Apollo we didn't need big rockets anymore

[@wingsley]

I just cannot understand how American politics can keep throwing way billions after billions when we could have re-usable launch vehicles like this, making space so much more accessible and so many opportunities to learn and expand into space and find new ways to make things and new resources to put people to work. We are really missing out.

[@mathiaslist6705]

So Bono obviously was an inspiration for decades to come but none of his SSTOs was ever build

[@hawknewbie6915]

an ssto? but giant?

[@Praxonico]

Super improvável

[@nimeshjain5523]

Can you do Indian rocket animation

[@argus151]

Nice I would like project MOL animation

[@dogwater4u]

nice

[@NickyLunaLove]

Big stupid heat shield balloon is certainly a new one lol

[@spitfire12able]

this must be the land launched version of sea dragon

[@FatovMikhail]

yeah, what can go wrong here? the plan is perfect

[@scottmcintosh4397]

🚀🐺 With one of these, Wiley Coyote might finally be able to catch the Roadrunner 🪶 🌌🔭

[@KamepinUA]

This is actually funny a bit

[@oljimeagle]

This guy could have had Kerbal 2 and 3 done by now.

[@CallsignAegis]

Ok I’m interested

[@silverfox8615]

There's no way that thing doesn't tip over in the water... the plumb drops can't weigh much for the unforgivable addition of dead mass. The rocket motors however should be the majority of the mass left. That should lower the center of mass a bunch. If so, it seems like it should ride much lower into the waterline.

[@randycampbell6307]

The ballute is actually (at this point) a hydrogen balloon so it doesn't "tip over" because it's 'mostly' lighter than air and 'floating' hence the soft touch-down and how it's towed back.

[@James-zh6nf]

Can you make a rocket explosion video

[@AnotherGlenn]

Go-go gadget heat shield!

[@pontuswendt2486]

AMAZINGNES!!!

[@zhalsan1965]

Грузоподьемность какая ?

[@malone005]

Грузоподъемность: Да

[@caav56]

454,5 тонны по плану.

[@TheKeenTribe]

Reminds me of the Sea Dragon

[@AveragedayinNewJersey]

thicc recovery