Rise and Fall of the Uyghur Empire (745-840) | Historical Turkic States

After two centuries of Göktürk rule, the Khaganate of the Ashina Dynaty finally fell for good in 744 CE. The overthrow of the last Göktürk Khagan was established by a coalition of Turkic tribes, and with Chinese help. Among the attackers was the Huihe tribe, which came to be known as the Uyghurs. After a short battle against the Basmyl Turks, the Uyghurs established their own rule and from 745 to 840 CE, their Yağlaqar dynasty reigned supreme over the East of the Eurasian Steppe Belt. However, even though the Uyghurs shared their heritage with the other Turkic peoples, they soon left behind many old customs and traditions, and replaced the Turkic script with a Persian-inspired alphabet, the Turkic religion of Tengrism with Manicheism which also stemmed from Iran. The Uyghurs partly became settled people, and unlike their predecessors, they did not attack but actually help out the Chinese Tang Empire against common threats.
In this video, we explain the origins and rise of the Uyghurs as well as aspects of their empire such as culture, economy and foreign policy. Towards the end, will reach a controversial conclusion...
WEBSITE: bit.ly/KhansDen
GÖKTÜRK MOVIE 01: bit.ly/GokturkMovie1
GÖKTÜRK MOVIE 02: bit.ly/GokturkMovie2
GÖKTÜRK MOVIE 03: bit.ly/GokturkMovie3
PATREON: bit.ly/3BR6M3T
PODCAST: bit.ly/KhansDenPodcast
BOOK 1: amzn.to/3fwqmKR
BOOK 2: [Coming Soon]
Chapters:
00:00-01:46 Introduction
01:47-05:28 Origins and Rise to Power
05:29-10:03 Politics and Economy
10:04-13:35 Culture, Arts and Religion
13:36-20:00 Foreign Policy: The Chinese Question
20:01-23:23 Legacy and Conclusion

[@halid1617]

I am an Uyghur from Kashakr and i can only learn my own history from some youtube channel like this ......

[@planetdrift4753]

哦 是吗？ 贱种

[@12823matthewkao]

I think the problem is not the Uyghur ethnicity itself. The problem is Islam. Most of the people who follow Islam are not evil, but unfortunately the religion itself is evil.

[@tonyatgoogle6076]

But, you are learning crap.

[@peekaboopeekaboo1165]

Your Uyghur ancestors are not Muslim.

[@halid1617]

@@peekaboopeekaboo1165 i know, so what?

[@jrdominguez830]

Gracias!! Cómo me gustan estos vídeos, y la forma de explicarlos! ❤

[@homelifegoldstarrealty1093]

Thanks so much for this very powerful and informative videos 🙏

[@tengiz]

Another awesome video

[@maighaleb786]

Absolutely love that you have pronounced uyghur differently literally every time you said it. Idk how to pronounce it either. Lol. But this was a great video, very informative.

[@fatinymeri3343]

excellent work)))

[@Charlie-ii5rr]

Wow. Fabulous artwork.

[@oguog4442]

Good job , waiting other videos hi from İstanbul

[@TheHuncestleo]

A huge thanks for all the work done by the translators (if they happen to exist so far): the french translation is relevant, subtle and therefore accurate on all the points. Je vous salue de mon chapeau le plus bas: cette traduction est fidèle et sincère, un grand merci :)

[@youknow8653]

You can write in english. Why would you need a french translation ?

[@TheHuncestleo]

@@youknow8653 It’s due to the fact that I’m french actually:)

[@youknow8653]

@@TheHuncestleo what are you even doing here ?

[@TheHuncestleo]

@@youknow8653 I'm here to learn, just like you. I guess. Have a nice afternoon wherever you may be and best regards

[@youknow8653]

@@TheHuncestleo please get your stinky french hands off from turkic history.

[@graucanal]

Excelent. Thanks from Brazil and for subs in portuguese. Please khan return a narration more genuine.

[@burqut]

Thank you for another excellent video.

[@azmatsaypidin1814]

Thx a lot for this wonderful document. I am also a uighur .

[@anilalaf7482]

You certainly are impressively productive lately, Emre. It's nice to see how consistent you are with videos and new content the past few weeks. I hope your inner drive and motivation will burn long enough to carry you to a point where you can sustain your efforts through profits you make through your work. Once you get the ball rolling, I am sure you can make it happen.

[@muhammadrehman6395]

Very good information

[@Kizil69]

Great Video.

[@ahmetozgun9371]

Bir kaç videoda Türkçe altyazı yok. Sizden altyazı talep ediyorum. Bakış açınızı merak ettiğim için, bir çok videonuzu izleyeceğim. Şu ana kadar, “tebrik ederim” diyebilirim.

[@SM19820]

Thank you for this excellent video 👏👏👏👏👏 ,Can I copy the video?

[@pantekinuyghur8645]

The relations between Uyghurs and the Chinese were not different from any previous Turkic empires. During the Uyghur rule, the Chinese Tang dynasty was weakened by internal power struggles, incapable rules, and most importantly by the An Lu Shan rebellion, and did not have the power to repel attacks by the Uyghurs so they took appeasement policies. Hence there was not much fighting between Uyghurs and the Tang for some time, and Tang had to pay annual tribute to Uyghurs. But still they were not "friends", and Tang had plots to weaken and destroy Uyghurs which they succeeded in due to famine and using the Kirgizs

[@pantekinuyghur8645]

@@licheong Yes, you just made my points much clearer and I could not agree with you more mate! The video maker is clearly not very knowledgeable in Uyghur or Chinese history, although the visuals are good.

[@cyberpunk2978]

@@licheong No, Tang dynasty's emperor's mother-side of its blood line is not from Turkic tribes. It's Xianbei. It was a sinicized proto-mongolic tribe from Northeast China. BTW I am Chinese. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empress_Taimu

[@peekaboopeekaboo1165]

​@@licheong They "agreed" ... you mean the Uyghurs asked if they can loot and pillage Luo Yang ?

[@Dou_Y]

In 745, the Uyghurs killed the last khagan of the Göktürks, Báiméikèhán Gǔlǒngfú (白眉可汗 鶻隴匐), and sent his head to the Tang.[16]

[@linshitaolst4936]

@einsamaberfrei After An Lushan, the Tang Dynasty continued to maintain its military superiority over the Uygur region. From 763 to 779, Guo Ziyi cooperated with Hunhun to defeat Tubo for countless times, and Hunhun also defeated the Uighur army in Taiyuan in 768 and 775.

[@CenturionKZ]

I'm from Kazakhstan, Almaty. Uighurs are our brothers.

[@SilkTwirl]

Uyghur and Kazakhs are always been brothers.

[@kingzforlife4584]

Brothers for life 💙🧿♥️

[@bakdakal]

Nice work. Does midjourney still have problems drawing hands?

[@bolushbek]

Please give us more videos about Yenisei Kyrgyz

[@user-xr6kw1ov5b]

The Uighurs conquered the great people , occulted, talked, instilled a language , taught metallurgy and crafts They created and organized the KHAGANATES of the EMPIRE

[@oyunovacom]

Awesome channel and video, however the pronunciation of Turkic words are so off that I just can't overlook it. It bothers me. I hope that will be emphasized in future videos.

[@KhansDen]

Agreed, working on the pronunciation currently. I haven't figured out these AI voices fully haha.

[@mehmetoz886]

Fantastic

[@wilsontheconqueror8101]

Great information on a tribe that's not well understood.

[@user-cg2tw8pw7j]

You mean one of the smartest tribes in the north because they are very, very influenced by the Sogdian Aryans of everything

[@qyrylgys_el]

Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate next please!!

[@Uran_KH-98]

Неа. Не надо

[@Cmu777]

​@@Uran_KH-98ты кто по нации будешь???

[@Uran_KH-98]

@@Cmu777 а ты?

[@Cmu777]

@@Uran_KH-98Я из KG. А ты ?

[@Uran_KH-98]

@@Cmu777 я из KG[B]

[@adamata798]

Can you please make a video on Naiman Empire rise and fall

[@Reader_curiosity]

Nice clip, but there are some important notes: First: Cities appeared in the eastern steppes before the era of the Uyghur Khaganate. Where archaeologists discovered traces of ancient cities in the eastern steppes and southern Siberia dating back to the era of the Xiongnu Empire. Chinese records mention the existence of cities of the late Xiongnu kingdoms. Some cities of the Rouran Kingdom were located in the steppe. There are also cities in the era of Gokturk, where, for example, ancient Chinese records mention that Khaqan Gokturk, Qimin kaghan, built two cities for him. In addition, the western Gokturk had capitals in Central Asia, such as Suyab, and an interest in building cities, palaces, and luxury. Also, the Orkhon inscriptions and Chinese records mention the existence of Toquz Oghuz cities in the eastern steppe with paved roads and post stations in the Göktürk era. The roots of the Uygurs go back to the Tiele Confederation, which established a kingdom in the north of the Tarim Basin in the fifth century AD, and some of its tribes formed an essential part of the Tabgach confederation in the Northern Wei dynasty. The advice of the wise tonyukuk should not be taken literally away from the historical context and the general situation in that era and what was stated in historical records and archaeological studies. It can be said that the era of the Gokturk Khaganate in the steppes was a Khaganate of half a city and half a tribe, while in the era of the Uighur Khaganate, the Khaganate turned into a city Khaganate, so that it depended entirely on the city and the expansion of the Uygurs in building many cities. Second: The Uygur Khaganate built cities before embracing the Manichean religion, and the new religion did not constitute any prior motive for the Uygurs to expand in the construction of cities. The second Khagan Bayanchur built the great city of Ordu-Baliq and other cities in the steppe in 750, while the Bogu Khagan embraced Manichaeism in 762 and later made Manichaeism the official religion of the Uyghur Khaganate. Third: The Uyghur Khaganate did not abandon the Turkish traditions, as the Uyghur religion was a mixture between Tengri and Manichean, and they continued to use the runic alphabet throughout the era of the Khaganate, as proven in archaeological discoveries. The Uighur khagan used a large yurt whose dome and columns were made of pure gold outside the walls of the capital. Also, the Uighurs are not the first Turks to open up to foreign religions, as Khaqan Gokturk Taspar converted to Buddhism and ordered the construction of Buddhist temples and the translation of Buddhist sutras into Turkish in the year 575. And some of the eastern and western Gokturk kings were on the Buddhist religion. Fourth: The relationship between Gokturk and the Chinese kingdoms was not a relationship of permanent conflict, but rather a complex and intertwined relationship. In terms of cultural exchange, trade exchange, military aid, access to experts, craftsmen, workers, soldiers, weapons, and so on. And the Chinese records mentioned that the Gokturks were familiar with and acquainted with Chinese medicine and used it among themselves, and they were also familiar with Chinese literature in politics and others. For example, there are ten thousand Turkish families settled in the historical Chinese capital in the medieval era, Chang'an, in the year 630, and this is a very large number even by the standards of our time. Also, there are Turkish tribes that settled in northern China and practiced agriculture and lived in cities and the like, and many of them remained preserving their customs and traditions. The Ishbara Khagan of Göktürk sought help from the Sui dynasty during the civil war. Of course, the Uyghur Khaganate's relationship with the Tang Dynasty was not always friendly and witnessed intermittent conflict situations. Fifth: Göktürk relied on the Sogdians in matters of trade, international relations, and others. The Uyghur Khaganate was based on previous data that existed in the Gokturk era, and they were able to develop it better. Sixth: After the collapse of the Uyghur Khaganate in 840 due to the attacks of the Kyrgyz Yenisei people. The Uighurs migrated in three groups, according to the intermediate historical sources: A section that migrated to the province of Gansu and took control of it and managed to establish a kingdom that lasted for more than two centuries. A section that migrated to the east in the steppes and united with the Khitan people until Chinese records mention that "half of the Khitan are from the Uighurs" and contributed greatly to the establishment of the Khitan Liao Kingdom, which ruled northern China and the eastern steppes for about two centuries. And A section that migrated to the north of the Tarim Basin and given that the Uighur Khaganate had previously controlled the areas north of the Tarim Basin and they had an intense Turkish population presence in the region and also had a well-known city mentioned in the Orkhon inscriptions, which is Beshbalik, so that the Uighurs were able to quite easily and smoothly establish the Kingdom of Qocho Which lasted for a long time, about five hundred years. Currently, the people of East Turkistan, and they are the Uyghur people, were formed as a result of the union and mixing of several Turkic tribes within one national identity, and they are the Uighurs, the Qarluqs, the Yagma, the Basmals, the Chagatai, the Huns, and others.

[@user-ri1ti6go7s]

Very informative and good

[@Reader_curiosity]

Your words have no basis in truth. First: The Uyghur Khaganate entered into conflict with the Tang Empire several times. The Uygurs forced the Tang Emperor to pay tribute to them. Second: The Uighurs took control of Gansu province by military force and took it from Tang. Third: The struggle between Toquz Oghuz and Ashina was a struggle for power only. The Uygurs have recognized in their inscriptions that they represent an extension of the Ashina dynasty. Fourth: The lands of the eastern steppes and the Tarim Basin do not belong to China at all, and this is a firm and definitive fact. And also the lands of Tibet, Qinghai, Manchuria, as well as Gansu are lands that are not Chinese. China's historical land lies between the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. Expansions of the Empire of China into the Tarim Basin occurred only three times, Han Dynasty era, Tang Dynasty era and Qing Manchurian Dynasty era. Fifth: The Turkish dynasties continued to control the Tarim Basin for more than two thousand years. During the eras of the Xiongnu, Tiele, Huns, Gokturks, Uighurs, Qocho, Karakhanids, Chagatai, and others. Chinese records say of the Khaghan Tong Yabghu: "Tong Yehu Kaghan is a man of bravery and astuteness. He is good at art of war. Thus he controlled Tiele tribes to the north, confronted Persia to the west, connected with Kasmira (nowadays Kashmir) to the south. All countries are subject to him. He controlled ten thousands of men with arrow and bow, establishing his power over the western region. He occupied the land of Wusun and moved his tent to Qianquan north of Tashkent". Sixth: It is a grave mistake to analyze ancient history based on the data of the present time. China's current strength will not last forever. And remember that the northern dynasties ruled China dozens of times. Even the Shang Dynasty, which is the most important ancient dynasty, was of northern origin. Northern Wei Tabghach Dynasty, Liao Khitan Dynasty, Genghis Khan Dynasty, Qing Manchurian Dynasty, etc. Remember the An Lushan Revolt, which destroyed the Tang Dynasty from within.

[@zackwang9314]

@@Reader_curiosity hahahaha so delusional. 1000 years later you turks will make up stories that today's China paid tribute to the uyghurs 😂. If it wasn't for the Tang's AnShi rebellion the turks would never have been independent

[@afilot2598]

@@tianlingchen5523 Lmfao, we are talking about the true history here dear buddy, stop reading your (Baike quanshu) which only works behind the great wall your living at, of course, your book doesn't mension how you guys sent the best-looking princesses back in the days to beg so-called (slaves) to give you guys a couple more days of daylight.

[@thegreatpoop1150]

@@Reader_curiositydude I don’t have much to say about anything other then the Tarim basin was controlled by indo Aryan people who spoke an indo European language those people are the tocharians they were described as having red hair and blue eyes they controlled the Tarim basin for a long time the Uyghurs kicked them out by the time of manzikurt and they have basically died out by the time of the boxer rebellion make sure to fact check what I said Turkic history is interesting and also Scythian history is cool tocharians were Scythian as well as the sogdians but the sogdians spoke a indo Aryan language and the tocharians spoke an indo European language

[@tonywhite3835]

Ere uigho again :) great video

[@larry3591]

Awsome

[@islombekochi]

Do you did a video for karluks Khante 🇺🇿

[@MM-yl9gn]

Great format, great content and blossoming love for Turkish nationalism/historical unity in todays crazy world!

[@TCWG87]

For everyone's information, the original Uyghur Empire was buddhist. It was islam that destroyed it and completely transformed the original identity of the Uyghur people

[@Kuzguni]

No, they collapsed as a result of settling down and living entirely in cities and wanting to establish good relations with the Chinese.

[@dorjeepalden86]

Enjoyed seeing Tibetan empire ❤

[@nucklechutz9933]

Love the episode, particularly glad to find this new resource on Turkic and by greater extension, greater Asian history. I must, however, confess that I've been sitting here in silence for about 30 minutes now, mulling over the final statement in this video. Let me say I appreciate and highly respect the admission of personal bias. No historian or history is without it, it shows impeccable responsibility to clearly state what biases you have that may color your analysis of the given subject. I do not think it is my place to challenge your opinion, either, I just found it perturbing. Why does the (apparent) decision of a linguistically Turkic polity to not recognize the Ashina family as the great uniters and founders of a nationalized Turkic identity leave a bad taste in your mouth? Does this ancient policy color your opinion of modern Uyghers? Do you believe it is the responsibility of any linguistically, culturally and regionally similar peoples to all agree on the same charismatic leader and homogenize a nation around them? Or do you believe that had the Uyghers aligned in policy with the Gokturk empire in general, but specifically recognized the Ashina as their overlords, that the Gokturk empire would have held together in its entirety for more than a generation or so? Or perhaps conquer China? What is the alternative you speculate that would have been easier to digest? Please believe I hold no judgment for whatever your answers to these questions are, nor whether you share them with me or not. These are merely the most cogent and cogitate questions the final admission of this video provoked. Keep up the great work!

[@Realite58]

Turkic Peoples❤️

[@Alex.af.Nordheim]

What about the Tocharians? I thought the assimilation of the people of the tarim basin played an important role in the forming of the later/modern Uyghur identity?

[@pascalh.6170]

They replaced them, due to good relations with the Chinese and led the arshi-kuchi tongue to desappear. It turned badly the last decades as everybody knows.

[@peekaboopeekaboo1165]

​@@pascalh.6170 What "it turned badly the last decades ..." ?

[@linshitaolst4936]

I'm curious about how many "ancestors" modern Americans are made up of.

[@Alex.af.Nordheim]

​@@linshitaolst4936Why do you bring Americans to the conversation? I don't think it's related to my question.

[@pascalheimbach861]

​@@peekaboopeekaboo1165For the Uyghurs I meant, because they do face the Han invasion as themselves were replacing the Tocharians.

[@dr.umarjohnson2453]

What is the real difference between turks and mongols, if you can do a doc

[@UndergroundDoggo]

Interesting! My people intermarried with Turkic tribes for thousands of years and we still do today. Mongolia welcomes any Turk. We also have lots of Indian and Russian who make business with us like the old days.

[@czyakos]

Your chanel is greate, but please, list your sources! PLEASE!!!

[@KhansDen]

Will do so in the future, duly noted.

[@hassan333wa]

rated 10/10

[@lionelmourilio]

is not "Doku Oguz" is "Toquz Oghuz"

[@gulnaz6861]

Bashkirs is spelled wrong. Please refer to the real historical documents when drawing maps, not Russian sources with wrong naming of the native peoples.

[@pascalheimbach861]

@Bang4Buck. Right for the Tokharians who lived during Han dynasty and Uyghurs during Tang replacing the previous Tarim bassin people.

[@dr.umarjohnson2453]

Do one on avars

[@mrj428]

man, I think you are faking history here. One of obvious mistakes is that the ruling empire of China is not Yang but Li, you even don’t know their family name. Yang is a like a prime minister of Tang Dynasty back then, not the emperor. Uyghurs are not even Turkish people, and current Turkish people not even the same Turk people in the Tang Dynasty. Turkish tribes are mixed of many different ethnic, most of them are Mongolia people like Chinese and Mongolians. They are many old mural from Tang dynasty indicated that. Also, Uyghurs hate Turks back then. You are basically asking why Koreans doesn’t help Japanese to attack Americans. In addition, although An Lushan himself is a minority, his supporters are basically the land lords and rich families from the Hebei provinces, in other words, Han Chinese. Tang Dynasty was kind like American, the leader of a political group does not mean he have to represent his race.

[@KhansDen]

If you don't know the difference between Turkic and Turkish, and seriously believe that Turkic peoples would have been Mongol or Chinese, then we can't help you.

[@mrj428]

@@KhansDen Turkic people are closer to Mongolia people than Turkish in Turkey, that’s what I am talk about. Because Turkish people always say they are Turkic people, actually they are not. Uyghurs are not Turkic also, they were only ruled by them for a few years, Chinese and Koreans are probably more closer than Turkic and Uyghurs. I respect your efforts to make this video, it is definitely hard, but there are many obvious errors in this video. But again, I am not your target audience, so my opinion does not matter anyway.

[@kafka310]

@@mrj428 The Turks are more like Islamized Greeks, aren't they？

[@mrj428]

@@kafka310 the current Turkish in Turkey is, the original Turks are not. Honestly, Turkish is not really Turks, people in middle Asia are probably descendants of Turks.

[@kafka310]

@@mrj428 I understand what you mean, the Turks and the Turks are different，“Turkic” “Turkey”，I'm not a native English speaker, so my expression may be a little different, sorry

[@user-ct1th3wp7z]

Uyghurs 💔🙏

[@harryloomus7486]

nutulaul5 5 Palve põhjatus hädas 1 Mõtle, Issand, sellele, mis on meiega juhtunud, vaata ja näe meie teotust! 2 Meie pärisosa on läinud võõraste, meie kojad muulaste kätte. 3 Me oleme jäänud orbudeks, isatuiks, meie emad on lesed. 4 Vett me joome raha eest, puid me saame ostes. 5 Jälitajad on meil kaela peal, me väsime, meile ei anta asu. 6 Egiptusele ja Assurile me andsime käe, et saada kõhutäit leiba. 7 Meie vanemad tegid pattu: neid ei ole enam. Meie kanname nende süüd. 8 Orjad valitsevad meie üle, ei ole nende käest lahtikiskujat. 9 Elu ohustades toome enestele leiba, sest kõrbes on mõõk. 10 Meie nahk hõõgub nagu ahi näljakõrvetuste pärast. 11 Siionis on naised raisatud ja Juuda linnades neitsid. 12 Vürstid on poodud nende käe läbi, vanade vastu ei ole olnud austust. 13 Noored mehed peavad ajama käsikivi ja poisid komistavad puukoorma all. 14 Vanemad on kadunud väravast, noorukid pillimängude juurest. 15 On lõppenud meie südame rõõm, meie tants on muutunud leinaks. 16 Kroon on langenud meie peast. Häda meile, et oleme pattu teinud! 17 Seepärast on meie süda haige, nende asjade pärast on meie silmad jäänud pimedaks, 18 Siioni mäe pärast, mis on nii laastatud, et seal luusivad rebased. 19 Sina, Issand, valitsed igavesti, sinu aujärg jääb põlvest põlve. 20 Mispärast sa tahad meid unustada alatiseks, meid maha jätta pikaks ajaks? 21 Too meid, Issand, tagasi enese juurde, siis me pöördume! Uuenda meie päevi nagu muiste! 22 Või oled sa meid tõuganud hoopis ära, vihastunud meie peale üliväga? 1 Nägemus Issanda auhiilgusest 1 „Kolmekümnendal aastal, neljanda kuu viiendal päeval, kui ma olin vangide seas Kebari jõe ääres, sündis, et taevad avanesid ja ma nägin Jumala nägemusi.” 2 Kuu viiendal päeval, kuningas Joojakini vangiviimise viiendal aastal+ 3 tuli Issanda sõna preester Hesekielile, Buusi pojale, kaldealaste maal Kebari jõe ääres; ja Issanda käsi tuli seal tema peale. 4 „Ja ma vaatasin, ja ennäe, põhja poolt tuli marutuul suure pilve ja lõõmava tulega. Ja pilve ümber oli kuma, ja keskelt, tule keskelt, paistis otsekui hiilgav metall. 5 Ja keset seda paistis midagi, mis koosnes neljast olevusest. Nende välimus oli niisugune: nad olid inimese sarnased, 6 aga igaühel oli neli nägu ja igaühel oli neli tiiba. 7 Nende jalad olid sirged ja nende labajalad olid nagu vasika sõrad. Ja nad hiilgasid nagu läikiv vask. 8 Neil olid inimese käed tiibade all, neljas küljes; ja neil neljal olid oma näod ja oma tiivad. 9 Nende tiivad puudutasid üksteist. Liikudes nad ei pöördunud, igaüks läks otse edasi. 10 Ja nende näod olid niisugused: esiküljel inimese nägu, neliku paremal küljel lõvi nägu, neliku vasakul küljel härja nägu ja neliku tagaküljel kotka nägu. 11 Niisugused olid nende näod. Ja nende tiivad olid laiali laotatud ülespoole; igaühel oli kaks tiiba vastastikuseks puudutamiseks ja kaks tiiba katsid nende ihu. 12 Nad liikusid igaüks otse edasi: kuhu vaim iganes tahtis minna, sinna nad läksid, liikudes nad ei pöördunud. 13 Ja olevuste vahel oli näha otsekui tuliseid süsi, mis põlesid tõrvikute sarnaselt, liikudes olevuste vahel sinna-tänna; ja tulel oli kuma ning tulest tuli välja välk. 14 Ja olevused jooksid sinna-tänna, otsekui lööks välku. 15 Siis ma vaatasin olevusi, ja ennäe, olevuste kõrval, igas neljas esiküljes, oli maas üks ratas. 16 Rataste välimus ja nende tegumood: need helkisid nagu krüsoliit ja kõigil neljal oli ühesugune kuju. Need olid välimuselt ja tegumoelt, nagu oleks ratas olnud ratta sees. 17 Liikudes nad läksid neljas eri suunas, liikudes nad ei pöördunud. 18 Ja nende rattapöiad olid kõrged ning kohutavad; ja sel nelikul olid rattapöiad ümberringi täis silmi. 19 Ja kui olevused liikusid, siis liikusid rattad nende kõrval; ja kui olevused tõusid maast üles, siis tõusid üles ka rattad. 20 Kuhu vaim iganes läks, sinna läksid needki, sinna, kuhu vaim tahtis minna. Rattad tõusid üles samuti kui nemad, sest rattais oli olevuste vaim. 21 Kui olevused liikusid, siis liikusid nemadki, ja kui need seisid, siis seisid nemadki; kui olevused tõusid maast üles, siis tõusid selsamal kombel ka rattad, sest rattais oli olevuste vaim. 22 Ja olevuste peade kohal oli midagi taevalaotuse taolist, kohutav nagu jää, mis oli välja laotatud ülal nende peade kohal. 23 Ja laotuse all olid nende tiivad üksteise poole välja sirutatud; igaühel oli kaks tiiba oma keha katmiseks. 24 Kui nad liikusid, siis ma kuulsin nende tiibade kahinat otsekui suurte vete kohinat, otsekui Kõigevägevama häält, müristamise kaja - otsekui sõjaleeri kära. Kui nad seisid, siis nad lasksid oma tiivad longu. 25 Ja hääl kuuldus taevalaotuse pealt, mis oli nende peade kohal; kui nad seisid, siis nad lasksid oma tiivad longu. 26 Ja nende peade kohal oleva taevalaotuse peal oli midagi, mis paistis safiirikividena, midagi aujärje sarnast. Ja selle aujärje sarnase peal, ülal selle peal, oli keegi, kes oli välimuselt inimese sarnane. 27 Ja ma nägin otsekui hiilgavat metalli, pealtnäha nagu tuld, millel oli kuma ümber, ülalpool sellest, mis paistis olevat ta niuded; allpool sellest, mis paistis olevat ta niuded, nägin ma pealtnäha nagu tuld ja sellel oli kuma ümber. 28 Otsekui vikerkaare paiste, mis vihmapäeval on pilvis, oli kuma paiste ümberringi. See oli Issanda auhiilguse ilmutuse paiste! Ja kui ma seda nägin, siis ma langesin silmili maha ja kuulsin häält, mis kõneles. hesekel

[@donofon1014]

wow.. that is like science fiction, empires and conquerors of Asia, more complicated and treacherous perhaps than handed down. A Western European based historical education may have niche corners, but it this so unfamiliar.

[@pascalh.6170]

Uighurs and Khazars are sharing common points, like flexibility towards other cultures and religious disputes before chosing one. It appears that this inclination was practised by the Huns before them, especially in central Asia and India, unlike the Turks.

[@onurberkay13]

Unlike? Uygurs are Turk. They speak Turkish. What are you on about?

[@linshitaolst4936]

@onurberkay13 Uighurs are not Turks. The ancestors of Uighurs are Uighurs, the ancestors of Uighurs are Tiele, the ancestors of Tiele are Ding Ling, and the ancestors of Ding Ling are Di Ren. Uighurs only worked as slaves and attachments of Turks first, and then they perished several regimes of Turkic.

[@linshitaolst4936]

Among the nomadic people in northern China, Xiongnu, Rouran and Mongolia are close relatives; Khitan, Uighur, Uygur are close relatives; Xianbei, Jurchen and Manchu are close relatives.

[@user-xr6kw1ov5b]

🐺ТЮРК самоназвание УЙГУР🐺

[@user-xr6kw1ov5b]

​@@linshitaolst4936Хунну Гунну Сюнну Динлины Теле Белые Гунну(АкХунн) и Аттила - УЙГУРЫ

[@khtan585]

create more out

[@louiswkq19]

Turkey people conquered the mongol highland before and Huns is considered Turkey? First time heard about this

[@bang4buck326]

Turkic is not the same as Turkish (modern Turkiye)

[@mehdialqassam7228]

❤

[@mmpchinggis]

Its like a all countires put in one bag tunisia tanzanaa turkey bcs all gave t letter

[@supa3ek]

As an historian, this vlog has a lot of misinformation. But it is still interesting, albeit a little biased.

[@KhansDen]

From one historian to another, please detail your critique about my videos.

[@user-yj7zn9vb1n]

@@KhansDen 比如你说阿拔斯提供数千军队帮助唐王朝处理叛乱？

[@KhansDen]

@@user-yj7zn9vb1n 这是我提到的几位历史学家的说法。这不是我编造的。但我觉得很有意思。

[@user-yj7zn9vb1n]

@@KhansDen 请出示来源，如果你自己都不能保证信息是否正确，还不注明信息没有证实，那你到底是什么人就很清楚了

[@KhansDen]

@@user-yj7zn9vb1n 首先，我是谁？ 其次，这是我找到并使用的一个资料来源： Needham, J-; Ho, Ping-Yu; Lu, Gwei-Djen; Sivin, N.(1980)： 中国的科学与文明》： 第 5 卷，剑桥大学出版社，416 页。

[@Yaruk]

4:09 Huihei means actually Uyghur in old Chinese.

[@rednaksiii]

8:45 it’s not city of army, it’s city of palace. “orda” is palace

[@HasanTemur1]

Ordu means in many sources (The Capital City) where the Khan lives

[@rednaksiii]

@@HasanTemur1 it’s palace, but the caputal is “ordu balik” or “ordu kent”

[@nadirhikmetkuleli7335]

Ordu in old Turkic meant "Military Headquarter", "Administrative Place" , "Khagan's palace" Thus this word was reinterpreted as capital in later centuries. The word is etymologically related to Turkic words Orun (Place, Site) and Orta (Middle, Centre, Central point). Orda is just a more modern variant of Old Turkic ordu .

[@user-vv1ys9lm8j]

Where are the Kazakhs?

[@claytonporter7878]

ADDRESSING THE SILK ROAD AND METALS

[@SilkTwirl]

In certain languages, expressions of uncertainty are integrated when discussing historical events. For instance, Turkic languages use 'MISH' to denote uncertainty, while in Chinese, phrases like 'According to records' or 'as written' introduce a sense of reliance on historical documentation. In contrast, English often presents historical narratives with a more immediate and direct style, although qualifiers such as 'according to historical records' are used to acknowledge uncertainty. The variations in linguistic approaches offer insights into how different cultures perceive and communicate the complexities of history

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

Yury Zuev proposed that the term Jalair (~ Yyalair) could be the Mongolian version of the Turkic name for the dynastic tribe of the Uyghur Khaganate (758-843): Yaglakar clan ~ yağla er ('anointed sovereign', Turkic ya:ğ il). Yaglakar (Ch. 藥羅葛/药罗葛 Yaoluoge) of the Tiele-Uyghur Toquz Oghuz confederacy.

[@armorman8737]

indeed bro,Jalayir tribe of Mongolian people

[@ganbatganbold3428]

If you read The Secret History of Mongols you can find that Jalair tribe formed later than what you say. About the Liao Dynasty period.

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

@@ganbatganbold3428 The Jalair Possibly of the Turkic ancestry, this group of people were captured by the Timuchin's clan and became vassals. In early days, this group of people raided the pasture of rich Mongol woman, Monolun (wife of the grandson of Bodunchar), and killed her and her eight sons. Only Kaidu was saved by his uncle Nachin and later Kaidu defeated the Jalair to be a leader of the early Mongol people. The Jalairs became very much attached to the Mongol people in the ensuing years. Later, they became vassals and got assimilated Muhuali or Mukali was said to be one of them. The Jalairs were said to be of the Darligin Mengwu tribe and fled west to the Kerulen River after being attacked by the Khitans. Alternatively speaking, Jalair (Zha-la-yi-er) was listed together with Zu-bu and Zhu-bu- gu, i.e., Dadan equivalent, in Liao Shi (history of the Khitan Liao dynasty), which were considered a Huihe (Uygur) tribal alliance since the days the Huihe expelled the Kirghiz from the Orkhon River and Tu'ula River area and rebelled against the Khitans throughout the 10th-11th centuries, with Mo-gu-si Khan launching a Zu-bu dynasty in A.D. 1100 in defiance of the Khitans. That is, the Jalair shared the same ancestry as the Keraits who possessed a Nestorian Mo-gu-si (Marcus in Ecclesiastical Chronicle) - who was a different person from Kerait chieftain Wang-han (Toghrul)'s grandfather Margus Buiruk per Historian Zhou Liangxiao for the generations' lapse.

[@edwardsnowden8821]

Free Kurdistan

[@frankfleming1103]

大小和卓吧，这俩兄弟据说是穆罕默德后裔，但是人品简直刷新人类的下限，后面就被灭了

[@FotografCekmekKolay]

Emre ye teşekkür ederiz

[@kicker3595]

This empire has disappeared 1200 years ago. The turcophone people were the nomad in central Asia, they have no a fix place, so we cannot determine their territory. Turquie territory in 1500 years ago was not their land.

[@Jokstaify]

The producer needs to keep his bias out of this, that was a weird ending

[@kaiyiguan9146]

the uighur today and so called uighurs in history (known as Huihu, 回鹘or回纥) was not the exact same ethnicity, the Huihu were Altaic and was not being considered Turkic by the Gokturk Ashinas, modern day Uighurs was the mixed blood of the Huihu, Mongols, Khitans, and Turkic tribes that were islamised

[@HaveRightTobeanonimus]

Actually nowadays all ethnic groups have mixed blood, especially in Central Asia.

[@piscator2813]

“Huihu” is the modern mandarin pronunciation of 回纥，it is pronounced ueeger in ancient chinese

[@HaveRightTobeanonimus]

@@piscator2813 So you want to say that the Han Chinese, in their attempt to completely assimilate the Uyghurs, gave them a new chinese name? So that uyghurs forget who they are? That is, with this statement you recognize the genocide of the Uyghurs. Thank you.

[@kaiyiguan9146]

@@piscator2813actually that is how Chinese re-pronounce the uighur term

[@ylmazguven1061]

stupid ignorant man.the tokuz oghuz meaning uyghur is said to be turkic and in orhun monuments bilhe khan talks about the tokuz oghuz as his nation.motherfucker jerkie.keep your lies to your own homosexual ess.

[@wildpanda4437]

"The Uyghurs deserve their place in Turk history, but some of their decisions surely led a bitter taste in mouth of our producer." Could someone explain what is meaning of this, ( last part)? Thanks.

[@MRT-co1sd]

Uyghurs should have attached the Chinese. If they did then there will be no Uyghurs today.

[@wildpanda4437]

@@MRT-co1sd Your dream is almost there, not too late. Your proud may be based on the map.

[@MRT-co1sd]

@@wildpanda4437 That’s your dream indeed.

[@wildpanda4437]

@@MRT-co1sd What can you get from the historic goal of those who are working to be for "no Uyghur"? What is benefit that could be shared with you?

[@MRT-co1sd]

@@wildpanda4437 You don’t know much about the history Uyghurs. You should learn from the original source.

[@lutfali-tv3447]

One big fact is that todays hazara people living in Central Afghanistan are same people as uyghurs

[@htaimaimunbaskunchi7234]

Hzars are new ethnic groups formed in 16 centry and came out as a mix of iranians and mongols and speak iranian dialect , where Uighurs are turks speak Uighur-turk language and ancient nation

[@alexhu5491]

According to the 2021 Turkish DNA Project (a DNA testing project for Turks), 55% of Turks are of Anatolian indigenous descent, that is, of ancient Greek descent. 15% are of GokTurkic descent, 13.8% are of Balkan descent, another 7% are of Armenian descent; 6.4% are of Iranian descent; 3.6% are of Georgian descent，They are Turkified Greeks

[@HaveRightTobeanonimus]

The most important thing is that they feel who they belong to today.

[@alexhu5491]

@@HaveRightTobeanonimus According to the 2021 Turkish DNA Project (a DNA testing project for Turks)The projects were paid for by Turkey, Project signed by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.

[@alexhu5491]

@@HaveRightTobeanonimus Glory of Turkey ...... For the Turks all the ancient great empires of central Asia are their ancestors Lol. DNA results broke the hearts of many Turks

[@user-oz4nn3jw8p]

Modern Turkish are FAKE Turks. They don't even look Asian. At least, Half of Turks blend into Chinese after Tang Dynasty.

[@HaveRightTobeanonimus]

@@alexhu5491 You mean many of Anatolian Turks 🙂. They also have a great ancestors anyway. Greeks had also very interesting history 🙂.So, ALL Turks must be proud of ALL their ancestors. Actually we all have to be proud: if only we think about all wars, plagues or other epidemics taken place in the history.... And all these our ancestors did survive...The fact that we are still here today.... It's a miracle on its own bro.

[@raritica8409]

Decent video. Kinda annoying hearing the narrator talk trash about an ancient people. Silly way of doing things imo

[@owaischgaming7200]

Great Turks

[@inneisoc5138]

@@tianlingchen5523 According to the 2021 Turkish DNA Project (a DNA testing project for Turks), 55% of Turks are of Anatolian indigenous descent, that is, of ancient Greek descent. 15% are of GokTurkic descent, 13.8% are of Balkan descent, another 7% are of Armenian descent; 6.4% are of Iranian descent; 3.6% are of Georgian descent，They are Turkified Greeks

[@Kuzguni]

Apart from the fact that no Greek dna has been found in western Anatolia and that the Asian Turkish dna is 30%-40% in Anatolia, the only thing I am curious about is why you are sharing false information in meaningless posts, dear friend?@@inneisoc5138

[@Can-vl8sl]

@@inneisoc5138 They are not Greeks, Turks are descendants of native Anatolian peoples. Greeks in Anatolia were the Hellenized Anatolians. For example, the Pontic Greeks were originally Laz and Georgian people.

[@planetdrift4753]

哦……原来是行走的五十万 果然好生意啊

[@thegreatpoop1150]

Sogdians were indo Aryan people not Turkic you mentioned they were Turkic other then that awesome video

[@KhansDen]

No, that's not what I meant. It was said in the video that An Lushan was half-Turkic. The Sogdians themselves in general were not Turkic of course.

[@flyingbirdskingcloud2908]

@@KhansDen Pan-Turkists, all nomadic peoples in the East in history are our fathers.

[@KhansDen]

I literally said the opposite,@@flyingbirdskingcloud2908. What's your point?

[@davidfitcher2953]

The bad decision of the ancestors lead many generations to suffer...

[@redbeard6251]

Zaten An Luşan'da kendisi bir Türk subaydır

[@claytonporter7878]

REVIEWING

[@user-bi7cu7xq8o]

Please hindi or urdu subtitles

[@Darkturkss1501]

Please make the Afshar state from the history of Azerbaijan.

[@Efrasiyap2333]

Sebep??!!

[@Darkturkss1501]

@@Efrasiyap2333 ne?

[@Efrasiyap2333]

@@Darkturkss1501 Afşarları niye çıkarın diyorsun? Azerbaycan tarihinden?Afşarları çıkaramazsın niye çünki Azerbaycan halkının en az yarısını Afşarlar oluşturuyor!? Fazlası bile olabilir?

[@GomerMcintyre]

You didn't exist before 1918, go ask your uncle Turkshit 🦃 LMFAO 🤣🤣

[@baybarssonmez6799]

@@GomerMcintyre YOU POOR ASSHOLE!!TURKS FUCKED YOU ALWAYS AND EVERYWHERE AND WILL BE FUCK AGAIN IN FUTURE!

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

The Jalair Possibly of the Turkic ancestry, this group of people were captured by the Timuchin's clan and became vassals. In early days, this group of people raided the pasture of rich Mongol woman, Monolun (wife of the grandson of Bodunchar), and killed her and her eight sons. Only Kaidu was saved by his uncle Nachin and later Kaidu defeated the Jalair to be a leader of the early Mongol people. The Jalairs became very much attached to the Mongol people in the ensuing years. Later, they became vassals and got assimilated Muhuali or Mukali was said to be one of them. The Jalairs were said to be of the Darligin Mengwu tribe and fled west to the Kerulen River after being attacked by the Khitans. Alternatively speaking, Jalair (Zha-la-yi-er) was listed together with Zu-bu and Zhu-bu- gu, i.e., Dadan equivalent, in Liao Shi (history of the Khitan Liao dynasty), which were considered a Huihe (Uygur) tribal alliance since the days the Huihe expelled the Kirghiz from the Orkhon River and Tu'ula River area and rebelled against the Khitans throughout the 10th-11th centuries, with Mo-gu-si Khan launching a Zu-bu dynasty in A.D. 1100 in defiance of the Khitans. That is, the Jalair shared the same ancestry as the Keraits who possessed a Nestorian Mo-gu-si (Marcus in Ecclesiastical Chronicle) - who was a different person from Kerait chieftain Wang-han (Toghrul)'s grandfather Margus Buiruk per Historian Zhou Liangxiao for the generations' lapse.

[@Dou_Y]

In 745, the Uyghurs killed the last khagan of the Göktürks, Báiméikèhán Gǔlǒngfú (白眉可汗 鶻隴匐), and sent his head to the Tang.[16]

[@Kul-tegin]

The biggest mistake (ironically also the most praised aspect) of the Uyghurs was their sedentarism. Sedentarism does not work in the steppe, there's a reason why all steppe peoples are nomadic in the first place.

[@KhansDen]

Uigurs invented everything, then? Go on, do tell us.

[@HaveRightTobeanonimus]

@@KhansDen Actually they did invented not evrything, but many

[@piscator2813]

Farming the oasis is a better life than roaming the wilderness

[@Kul-tegin]

Debatable. Farming in the oasis is more stable I think, but it doesn't promote the growth of the society there, farmland being limited. No empire ever came out of Xinjiang. 'Roaming the wilderness' is a much more free and sovereign life, with the potential for your society to grow massively, even if the climate and conditions are unstable. If the climate and social conditions are right, you have near endless grassland to grow and multiply your herds and thus your people, becoming rich and powerful, expanding and subjugating other nomadic and sedentary societies.@@piscator2813

[@hudai7994]

@@KhansDen Dikkatinizi çekerim Selçuklu Osmanlı ve Türkiye'nin kültürü Uygurlardan gelmedir

[@abdullahibnrinibnpoat2059]

Champa Kingdom and Khmer Empire

[@mmpchinggis]

Ashina is wolf in our language😊

[@MSc96-bv8ku]

I’m from Uzbekistan, I’m mix person, almost All Turkic nations in my blood, I got Uzbek/Tatar/Uighur. We are Turkic people and from same nation. Love you Uighurs! ✊🏻

[@claytonporter7878]

ADDING THE RULERS

[@rs-dp6pr]

Even the all mighty tang dynasty empire ruler has some ugher blood.. they were not Muslim back then..

[@waseemrizvi8531]

Power never proved justice and peace in the world ĺ.p😢

[@Dah888]

😮

[@Atilla963]

The Uygur Empire started already after the flood... it was from Siberia to Europe. - Jack Churchward - The Stone Amulets of Mu - Jack Churchward - The Children of Mu

[@MM-fv1pi]

So, if you prefer strangers over your own brethren, you eventually will get enslaved by those strangers. Like what happened for Turks in many countries.

[@getsetgo4944]

🤟😝 👉️Buddhism spread from Nepal. not from India ¿

[@imkow]

Uyghur means allied arrows. Guess whom do they ally with? Chinese from their begining. Uyghur Khakhans and princes call themselves nephews of Chinese emperor, by their mother of Chinese imperial princesses..

[@bastadimasta]

Tengri Türkü korusun.

[@mmpchinggis]

This empires turug not turkic

[@user-ln3bg8bi3h]

Very good video, I also understand that modern Turks have to look for a great ancestor. But there are some issues to consider. 1 There are 56 ethnic groups in China. Similarly, there are many nomadic peoples living on the vast Mongolian plateau. It is ridiculous to think that all 56 ethnic groups in China are Han, or that all nomads (tribes) in the grasslands of northern China are Huns and Turks. 2 As the only historical recorder of the northern nomads, China has detailed records for each nomad. Because all the nomads engaged in massive wars with the Han. Each nomad has a large number of captives to interrogate. So the accuracy of history books is very high. A total of 5,340 wars and civil wars occurred between the Han nationality and various ethnic groups. The Uighur is the sworn enemy of the Turks and the predecessor of the Khitan. 3. The real Turks are the yellow race. According to the historical records of the Han nationality, the Turkic Khan refused to give a high official to the tribal leader because he looked like a Huren (caucasian). 4. Finding one's own ancestors requires a foundation. And use genetics effectively. Genetic tests show that 90% are Eastern Roman Greeks and Armenians who were conquered by the Pseudo-Turks. 5 English-speaking Filipinos, Indians and East Africans are not British. Likewise, speaking Turkic (the lingua franca of the steppe) is not Turkic. The 56 ethnic groups who speak Chinese are not Han. 6 The Turks and Huns were among a dozen powerful nomadic peoples who disappeared on the bloody Mongolian steppes, and they were all losers in the northern steppes. The victors in the northern Mongolian grasslands were the Mongols and the Xianbei (fishing and hunting peoples). 7 The Tocharians in Xinjiang are Persians from the Iranian plateau. They speak Old Persian and come from the Indus Valley. After 840 AD, some Uyghurs took control of Tarim, and the Tocharian language gradually disappeared. 8 Chinese history books have continuously recorded the history of nomads in the northern grasslands for 3,000 years, reflecting the actual situation at that time. is the only reference definition. It cannot be deliberately bent or artistic. 9 The conquest of the Eastern Romans in Anatolia by the Pseudo-Turks (Turkic-speaking tribes) was exactly the same in nature as the conquest of China by the Manchurians in 1644. A small number of nomads took over the populated areas. Anatolians (modern-day Turkey) say they are Turks from northern China, just as absurd as Han people say they come from the northern grasslands.

[@user-yj7zn9vb1n]

急于寻找民族自信心的人是盲目的，不理智的，不尊重历史事实是他们的常态，这在视频中就能体现，比如被消灭的突厥，被封为国王的渤海都不在唐朝版图

[@BBarNavi]

once you said "56 ethnic groups" i already knew you were going to spout ahistorical garbage

[@user-ln3bg8bi3h]

@@BBarNavi If you disagree with the above points, I welcome your rebuttal based on historical evidence.

[@aldenteh9412]

Well said, this explanation is helpful for those who are clueless. Somethings are not revealed to the entire world, deeper understanding on a certain topic which barely being brought up is a difficult task. This explanation provided logical and valid sources and details.

[@peekaboopeekaboo1165]

​@@BBarNavi 56 ethnic groups ... ever since the Ching dynasty ... which expanded China's territory to include "Manchuria", Inner Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang ... Taiwan already part of China since Ming dynasty.

[@moda1496]

Why are you faking history? GokTurks weren't empire! They were Khaganate so they were nomadic and tribal npt centralized. The first Turkic empire was Qaznavid , after they became centralized for the first time

[@Kuzguni]

I think one must have never read the Orkhon Monuments to say that.

[@osmansi1]

👋

[@barisveesitlik9310]

Ataturk ❤

[@claytonporter7878]

THE 9

[@abdullahibnrinibnpoat2059]

Maa'shaa Allaah

[@claytonporter7878]

ATTACHED THE PRINCES