Roman Names

[@TheNightFlower]

This is the best explanation of the naming convention that I’ve found. Well done and thank you.

[@imandyhi7671]

I was wondering, since Caesar conquered Gaul, why didn't they change his name to something like Gaius Julius Caesar Gallicus?

[@valcan321]

Probably because he did it without permission

[@palatasikuntheyoutubecomme2046]

@Northward Bound But during his dictatorship? Here's the real reason, because he wanted to be called "Caesar", he even said it himself

[@palatasikuntheyoutubecomme2046]

@Northward Bound Yes, you can, very easily aswell

[@Sarkhamy]

Technically he took the name imperator, though was awarded to him by his campaign.

[@tijnjansen858]

Because it was an illegal war. And oh yeah he invaded Italy before any such ceremony could take place.

[@odjuls]

I came here to know how to pronounce my name. My name is not Julyus seysar. My name is Iūlius Kaesar

[@ten-mu8kc]

Hasso lol imagine trying to tell someone how to pronounce their name

[@rommelthebreton]

@Hasso It's kye-sar dumbass

[@drogadepc]

@@rommelthebreton it started as "kaisar", then it became "keh-sar", then "tcheh-sar".

[@rommelthebreton]

@@drogadepc It's still kaisar

[@Saamniferu]

@AURCHAN The one thing that doesnt change over time is names. I am Samuel, in 6000 the equivelent of Samuel might be Iamael, but I will be forever, Samuel.

[@latintutorial]

In Classical Latin, the SC in Scipio is just that, SK. The rules of syllabification say that you split up the g and n in cog-no-men, but not in Gnae-us (Cnae-us). It's customary for English speakers to treat the G/C as a silent letter, but not necessarily to the Romans.

[@Chairman_LmaoZedong]

Looks like Gn of Latin is equivalent to Jñ of Sanskrit. 🤨

[@AgglomeratiProduzioni]

Why did we stop making names longer? We even shortened them! As you said, Romans used to have just one name until, because of "high" population, they got two names and, then, three. So they needed a third name to avoid confusion when in Italy there were just 1-1.5 million inhabitants. Today there are 60 million Italians, about 50 times more people. But here in Italy we only have two names (they're called "nome" and "cognome" but they actually correspond to praenomen and nomen, not nomen and cognomen). Not only we didn't get a longer name, but we removed one name from the tria nomina, so now every person has about... how many? Fifty homonymes, I guess. Nothing to say, just wondering about why people stopped caring about homonymes...

[@Angelimir]

Ruben First of all, we (including present day Italians, I guess) have waaaaaay more first names (a good couple of hundreds) than the Romans did, also we have a much higher pool of family names. This gives us much more options without the need to use third-fourth-etc names. If you think about it, how many identically named acquaintances you have, it would be a rather small number, I presume (and, for official distinction, we have mother's name, which solves the case in 99.9% of the time, if not, we can still throw in date of birth as a "tiebreaker" :)) This was not exactly the case for Romans, where identical names were very common.

[@brianseguel5308]

I like my name in Spanish. Usually people have first name, second name, and two last names, from their father and mother, respectively, so we have very little chance to have the same name as someone close to us. I actually have three names Brian Mac Ian And my last names are Seguel Friz Which makes me Brian Mac Ian Seguel Friz Although I'd love to have a nickname added to it

[@ReasonableRadio]

probably because the Italian cognome is actually the family name which is the cognomen, since Italians don't use clan names anymore. nome could be called praenomen though, it could just be because it's shorter?

[@hyperion3145]

Latin cultures still tend to take both names of their families so they tend to be pretty long. This leads to trouble in places like the US where having more than three names is considered abnormal and sometimes not even available on birth certificates.

[@drogadepc]

At least in Portugal and in Brazil there was a time where noble people could have +10 names, like Pedro de Alcântara Francisco António João Carlos Xavier de Paula Miguel Rafael Joaquim José Gonzaga Pascoal Cipriano Serafim - or Dom Pedro I for short.

[@dylanpotter1807]

You are the first person to explain this properly. Thank you!

[@traviswall1982]

"My boy Cicero" -Historia Civilis

[@quintuscrinis]

Dicit plurima et longe cantat, Verbisque cum laboriosis magnibus numeris quae basiationis sint satis Catullo a Lesbia loqutur.

[@latintutorial]

@riverboy1852 I suppose you could consider mine the "restored classical" pronunciation, taken as best we can from the ancient grammarians and their description of how Latin was pronounced, at least by the educated elite. However, when I'm talking to my students in English, I tend to use the more modern pronunciation, which I learned from my British teachers. So Caesar is See-zar, praetor is pree-ter, and aedile is ee-dal.

[@godowskygodowsky1155]

It's not quite restored pronunciation. It sounds like a hybrid of the modern English pronunciation and the restored pronunciation. Some differences that stick out include the aspiration of the C, phonemic vowel length, glottal stops, certain diphthongs, and certain vowel qualities.

[@linguaphile9415]

When he said the mythical founder of the Julian clan was Aeneas I falsely heard "an ass". My goodness, I need to improve my listening comprehension...

[@sophialoren7855]

I heard the same and thought that's really it! 🤦‍♀️

[@hyperion3145]

The Latin pronunciation would sound like "Any ass" (Ay nè as)

[@TheWizardYeof]

So refreshing to hear someone pronounce “Cicero” correctly

[@kwestwick6065]

i really enjoy, appreciate and learn quickly from this man’s teaching style. truly excited about learning the latin language, when exploring this channel/teacher. Gratius tibi ago 😊🙏

[@theintrepidguide]

Your videos are brilliant! Thank you for sharing such complex and fascinating history in simple terms. Epic!

[@latintutorial]

+The Intrepid Guide Thanks!

[@theintrepidguide]

I'm a beginner and want to start learning Latin properly. I've watched a few of your videos in no particular order, where should I start?

[@latintutorial]

I've always recommended going with a good textbook like "Learn to Read Latin" or "Wheelock's Latin" to start (for adults) or the Cambridge Latin Course (for everyone, especially pre-adults), and using my videos to supplement the text. The one thing I can't provide is active practice with the language (either through grammatical exercises or translations), and that's where the text's activities will come in handy.

[@theintrepidguide]

You're a star! Thank you. I'll take a look at those textbooks.

[@rhythmdroid]

Fascinating! And excellent pronunciation!

[@SovereignOfTheSeas]

Thank you, I was confused with Roman names but this excellent video made is crystal clear.

[@Pepperoni290]

the audio glitches are so bad, at first i thought my speakers were fried btw and that scared the frick out of me

[@foreverraining1522]

Excellent presentation

[@Chris-vp3fn]

have you heard of the old roman name Chlamydius Syphilis?

[@creamofthecrop4339]

Those words are more greek than latin.

[@np4231]

CerealKillerOats r/whooooosh

[@EnLaMatrix1]

Was that Bigus Dickus side chick?

[@blackquagmire5205]

@@np4231 bruh whooshed his ass 3 years later, now im back to insult you for it 3 years later

[@yeetusreetus4607]

0:53 Wheres my Skyrim brothers at?! I think that General Tullius and Cicero has a connection.

[@ReasonableRadio]

The imperials are 0% Not Romans. I mean they're literally called Imperials

[@ReasonableRadio]

Though Cicero was not a military man, he was a famous lawyer if I remember right

[@rommelthebreton]

Ah, not just a Skyrim brother, but a Suomi brother too I see

[@danielchequer5842]

@@ReasonableRadio he had a cousin that served ceasar if I'm not mistsken

[@latintutorial]

@isaacBrockofthe41 Flaminius' father would have either the same or different praenomen (the first name), but the nomen and cognomen (names 2 and 3) would have remained the same. So your _____ Quinctius Flamininus. I can't find a reference for his father in Plutarch. The Flaminius Nepos (note the spelling of Flaminius) who died at Lake Trasimene, is not related, and they were members of different clans (gentes): gens Quinctia and gens Flaminia.

[@juliovnobre]

Actually a quick correction if you don't mind. Neil-Patrick Harris is actually a compost name instead of Patrick being his traditional "middle name". He had another name after that which is his actual middle name but his first name it's Neil-Patrick. Irrelevant to the point you were making but I just thought I would share this. I love your videos!

[@SaraMKay]

This is the “old” pronunciation I learned in school back in the day 💞

[@downup-fx7wr]

so centurion is pronounced as "ken-turion"?

[@pieman3141]

Yes. All 'C's were hard C's, until the late Empire, which softened to a 'ch,' and then a soft 'c' in anglicized Latin.

[@user-bf8ud9vt5b]

Except Octavian didn't really use the agnomen Octavianus, although by convention he could have. Modern historians refer to him as Octavius prior to his adoption, and Octavian until he assumed the title Augustus. But Octavian is used by modern historians more to distinguish him from Julius Caesar, although that's how he referred to himself so as to assume the inherited glory and influence of his 'father'.

[@dexgod7633]

LEGATUS LANIUS

[@moralsupporter]

Retribution

[@rommelthebreton]

The west will fall

[@idk1848]

@@rommelthebreton 🇨🇵

[@josephcarr2192]

Ave true to kaesar

[@SpaceCowboy260]

@@rommelthebreton nah cuh go cross dress somewhere else for the rangers shoot you with anti material rifle explosive rounds from 2000 yards

[@Grivian]

Can you now explain Pablo Picasso's names?

[@KingOfSciliy]

Pablo = his own name Diego = his paternal grandfather José = his father (also his paternal great-grandfather) Francisco de Paula = from San Francisco de Paula (St. Francis of Paola) Juan Nepomuceno = from Juan Nepomuceno Blasco Barroso (his godfather) María de los Remedios = from María de los Remedios Alarcón Herrera (his godmother) Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martir Patricio Clito = for San Cipriano (St. Cyprian), "of the Holy Trinity, Martyr Patrician of Clito" Ruiz = his father's surname y = "and" (double-barrel naming) Picasso = his mother's surname

[@isaacBrockofthe41]

@latintutorial Thanks so much. I have been studying Titus for awhile now, but I have been having difficulty with family members. for instance, Lucius, i can't find out if he an older or younger brother. But I can suspect he's younger. But his father is never mentioned, and with so many old roman politicians killed in the 2 punic war it not hard to imagine the chaos that went on in rome.. Thanks for everything again, and you video really helped.

[@latintutorial]

Wow, that's quite an assumption for a youtube audience, even mine. I've taken to including macra whenever they occur in the Oxford Classical Dictionary, as a general rule.

[@suwacc3237]

Does the middle and last name at 0:44 seem familiar. Perhaps Bethesda may know...

[@joseantoniobenlopez3240]

Enhorabuena por el vídeo.

[@chester14rw]

do u hv anymore videos on how to use/alter an irregular name in a Latin sentence??

[@batozorange]

Love this explanation, finally helped me clear up the confusion with the names. That said, why are ancient Romans only referred to by their nomen and cognomen, with their praenomen usually being omitted (Julius Caesar for example)?

[@gpwnedable]

I believe there was only 5 or 6 names used for praenomen, so they were not much use for telling people apart.

[@palatasikuntheyoutubecomme2046]

By the late republic and early empire, There were only a dozen praenomina By the time of constantine, people ended up ommiting praenomena entirely and instead just used something like 3-5 cognomens

[@lunamoon6056]

How do you pronounce praenomen???? The English prononciation of the E always appears. Well this tutorial isn't bad. Rather interesting but still the classical prononciation is very English

[@irenejohnston6802]

Just remember y're National Insurance No, mobile and PIN!

[@martinarmer240]

That is so clear. Thanks 👍

[@Angelfeather100]

What about a slave’s name? Did it in any way reflect the family he or she belonged to?

[@jmdoromal1288]

I am from Philippines and having triple or quadruple name is not new to our country and when we fill up forms it would take time and space given in papers

[@TheMartyrdoom]

I'm Italian and i have 5 names

[@bonengas]

:) Btw, trill-r in prrraenomen: yes, but marrrcus also?

[@Anakunus]

Nice to see a Roman name related video where the narrator actually knows what he is talking about. However, there is one mistake in it: As it was mentioned, it was customary for adopted men to add their old _nōmen_ in reformed with "-iānus" suffix, so following that practice, after the adoption Gāius Octavius would have changed his name to Gāius Julius Caesar Octaviānus. However, there is no evidence that he ever actually did so. Thus, it is incorrect to claim that "he changed his name to Gāius Julius Caesar Octaviānus".

[@LeonardBillsMcGoatPryor]

Ubisoft should use this video for research on their rumored Assassin's Creed Legion game. It'll help a lot in keeping with the historical authenticity of ancient Rome.

[@MarcusLushai]

Thanks for explanation

[@curtpiazza1688]

Great stuff!

[@Giggidygiggidy12]

When did Roman/Itlaian names change to ending in vowels rather than consonants and why??

[@caversmill]

Great videos! Can I ask a question, though? Why don't you trill your r's? Is it because you don't believe the Romans did, or because it's quite difficult to do? "Drusilla" sounds much less Roman when pronounced with the American 'arr'!

[@latintutorial]

caversmill I do, but not necessarily when I'm speaking English. Check out my other videos!

[@Kelly-dg5xl]

Ben trills his r's in the name Marcus in this video!

[@michela7337]

Do you use voluntarily an English pronunciation to Latin word or in US this is the pronunciation taught at school? I am asking because I studied Latin in Rome but here it is used a completely different pronunciation...

[@latintutorial]

From my experience, the pronunciation taught in Italy is different from that taught in the US. So, for example, we teach the hard c always, whereas Caesar in Italy has a "ch" sound.

[@isaacBrockofthe41]

@latintutorial I'm looking into one of my favourite romans. Titus Quinctius Flamininus. I'm trying figure out something. I found a roman called Gaius Flamininus Nepos, but I wondering if he's related or his father or something. Titus had a brother called Lucius Quinctius Flamininus. So what would their father be called? would it be "blank" Quinctius Flamininus. I'm sorry if i'm wasting your time but I keep getting confused

[@BibendiYT]

7 years later, did you ever find out? I'm curious too.

[@pabloperrot7687]

Realy good video 😀😀

[@mazingdaddid]

so, could the nomen be a name that is commonly considered a cognomen? I here to learn latin for my persona in a historical society and i am also trying to pick a name. the problem is that i don't have the full triple name.

[@TeamMojamRo]

The Praenomen is a lot like the middle name in modern names, nobody really uses it, but it's selected anyway. The Nomen is a lot like the first name, everybody uses it and usually use it first. Cognomen is the last name.

[@mazingdaddid]

Nico di Angelo indeed. I did a LOT more research and finally found my name. thank you for your reply though. I'm glad someone was willing to help.

[@1234-b6n]

is it Guy-us loolius- kaisar or guy-us youlius kaisar? the speech goes quick am i am so fascinated in knowing the correct pronunciation

[@FernandoVinny]

2:03 Cicerones atque Tullii

[@amicableenmity9820]

So is the I silent then?

[@alexlawson4173]

In what word?

[@palatasikuntheyoutubecomme2046]

wdym? In what word lmao

[@everythingthrice]

3:10 nope in fact she lives to see him become dictator of Rome

[@aster965]

What?

[@Soitisisit]

@@aster965 At the time Caesarian section births had an extremely high ( like almost 100% ) fatality rate so the fact that Gaius Julius Caesar's mom lived to old age means she most likely had no kids that way and was able to give birth to Gaius naturally. It is *maybe* possible she could have been the like one in a million women to survive such a procedure, but if so you'd really think that Gaius would play that up for propaganda and that more contemporary writers would have made mention of it, but as far as I'm aware no surviving account from within his lifetime does. Instead, this tale of his birth started showing up later by the time the Caesars were already viewed as basically divine and is most likely quasi-religious propaganda. Now I'm not a degreed historian, but this is just what I know from what I've been told and some quick research to confirm it. I recommend you look it up yourself or ask somebody who specializes in Roman history..

[@oliverf.68]

I'd heard that the Tria Nomina (three names) was for the nobles and that the Plebs only have two names, is that true?.

[@latintutorial]

Plebians used the tria nomina, but were slower to adopt the cognomen. But that happened in the 2nd century BC, before the time of Caesar, Cicero. In imperial times, the cognomen was standard for everyone.

[@rogerhooper7050]

Not everyone had a cognomen. For instance Marcus Antonius, but no third name.

[@daltonsherrod1573]

Maybe it has something to do with him being a plebeian.

[@palatasikuntheyoutubecomme2046]

@@daltonsherrod1573 Yes

[@ididnotattendad1ddyparty]

i have to watch this for latin cyber day for school xD

[@templarkiller2926]

I feel like it would be very hard to distinguish the names of a bunch of people in the same family as they are nearly all the same and based upon the rest of the family

[@latintutorial]

That’s correct.

[@latintutorial]

Or more specifically, there are people about whom there is confusion among historians because they have the same name. Check out the disambiguation page on Wikipedia for some names, and you’ll see that you’re onto something!

[@lisachudy4359]

It seems that when a word starts with a G unless followed by a vowel is silent, so Gnaeus is neye us. .

[@alexlawson4173]

I think it's just in special cases. I'm sure there are plenty of words that start with G consonant where this isn't the case.

[@Akuryoutaisan21]

How did the Romans decline foreign names?

[@latintutorial]

If Greek, then they'd use the Greek forms. Otherwise, they'd Romanize the names by giving them a Latinate spelling, and then fit it into a declension.

[@Fayde2Grey]

I too would like to know more about the construction of foreigner's names when they are romanized.

[@GrandeSalvatore96]

Ok, I have a question. What sound does the GN make in Latin? Because you said Cognomen with the G and N being two different sounds but also Gnaeus but pronounced it like the Spanish ñ. Also while on the subject, is the SC like in Scipio prounced like Skipio? Or is the SC like Italian pronounced SH? Thanks in advance!

[@palatasikuntheyoutubecomme2046]

In classical latin, "Gn" was pronounced like it is spelled, and Sc is pronounced "Sk"

[@avizenazen5432]

And who is ī?

[@marymikel9193]

God bless you to know him in Jesus Christ name. Thanks for sharing.

[@avizenazen5432]

And who is ē?

[@avizenazen5432]

Who is ā,ō&ū?

[@seanalexandriuslee6308]

Finally no more “Gillius Seasar”

[@MrViki60]

If only

[@Peoplearefood]

Sillius geasar

[@republiquedujeu818]

@@Peoplearefood Lol

[@Tyrell-d6o]

The only merit of "Seasar" is its passing similarity to our word "seizure," which is weirdly fitting for the man himself.

[@tonyrocco1258]

Nice class.

[@johnsiman5674]

Lewis & Short say Gaius is trisyllabic: Gāĭus (less correctly Cāĭus ; “trisyl.,” Cat. 10, 30; Mart. 9, 22, 12; 11, 36, 8); gen. Gāi (voc. Gāi, Mart. 10, 16, 1), m., and Gāĭa , ae, f. for Gavius; from gaudeo, a Roman prœnomen, usu. written C.

[@irenejohnston6802]

Is Gaius College Cambridge pronounced keys?

[@GrandeSalvatore96]

Ah, so Pompeius Magnus for example is atually Mag-nus?

[@ReasonableRadio]

Magnus is his agnomen though, so he had at least 2 other names on top of those.

[@ReasonableRadio]

I think his full name was "Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo Magnus Isaurus"

[@bop1886]

some romans didnt have cognomens and so before sulla bestowed him with the name magnus he was just known as gnaeus pompeius

[@palatasikuntheyoutubecomme2046]

@@ReasonableRadio That was his fathers name

[@shortshotgunman5582]

Anyone hear the into and go *One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine*

[@riverboy1852]

Interesting, but the pronunciation is kind of weird. When I studied latin we learned the roman pronunciation (more closely to the modern italian). The word cognomen for example. In modern italian, last name is called "cognome". where the "gn" sounds like the "ñ" in spanish. Also the diphthongs "ae", "oe" sound like the regular "e". For Example the word "Phoenix" is read "Fenix" which interestingly is how the bird is called in modern spanish.

[@youngoutlaw5150]

So 1st name , Klan name , branch family and title

[@ReasonableRadio]

*Clan "Klan" refers to the American ethnonationalist terrorist organization. Subtle but important distinction

[@SapkaliAkif]

Based youtuber acknowledges patriarchy in Roman society. Lovely!

[@packingwithparker0789]

Ave, true to Caesar.

[@jozebutinar44]

Last name was wrong spelling

[@marekhagakurekubischtang6797]

i hate the timein the monestry school-u prety sum it all up ;D

[@CircleWedge]

3:32-4:04 Is this why People of the Book (Christians) are baptized with the names of The Father, The Son, and the Holy Spirit? Adoption by God?

[@suwacc3237]

0:44 look at the middle and last name and think of a certain Bethesda game...

[@AgglomeratiProduzioni]

Imperials and the Empire are indeed inspired by Ancient Rome. They in fact "copied" the military (the legatus and legions for example, or just their uniform), while nearly all Imperial names are Latin (General Tullius) or French-Italian-ish (Adrianne Avenicci).

[@Pipiopy]

now we are all just numbers

[@michaely9023]

Hello🙂

[@enkidu360]

Caesar was pronounced Guy-sar(rolled r)

[@nadiapolishchuk4769]

Cool

[@NixMortis99]

Hoc amō multum.

[@mandaring8825]

Linguistically "nomen" does not come from a word meaning know, it was falsely connected to "gnosco" there is not evidence of this being the case and doesn't make sense lingustically, "nomen" is related to the English word "name"

[@johnsiman5674]

Also, Iulus is regularly trisyllabic: Iūlus (trisyl. ) (Jūl- ), i, m., = Ἴουλος.

[@palatasikuntheyoutubecomme2046]

Family name #1, Family name #2, Family Name #3, Accomplishments

[@lisachudy4359]

It takes awhile , they said Latin was easy,,,? hmmm,

[@MrViki60]

5:35 based

[@Fontaami]

redpilled

[@lisachudy4359]

Another hard pronunciation is the Iu like Julius Caesar ( k-eye-sar) - no J's in Latinin Ancient Rome , until the Medieval Age , just like for Jewish name of Judah - Iudaerorum, just Jews, as in the sign on the cross for Jesus' Passion, Pontius Pilate put a sign ,/ Ie sus ( pron I e Yaysus ) Nazarenus =Nazarene , Regnum = King , Iudaerorum of the Jews over His head, Iu is - Ie is not easy in words,

[@TeamMojamRo]

It wouldn't be Regnum, it'd be Regius

[@legaleagle46]

Actually, it's "Rex."

[@131alexa]

Interesting. So..did plebs have two names, and slaves one?

[@VivKittie32]

Anyone else here looking for baby name ideas? 😂👶🏻🍼

[@yiftacheliav1099]

good luck getting your wife to agree

[@CarlosAmorimCarvalho]

C > K 😎

[@testchannelpleaseignore2452]

7:05 How to trigger ever classical Roman.

[@gamer-nb5bf]

anyone who watched this come from Paragon?

[@hhjm26]

omg

[@DaveMiller2]

I thought Gaius was a title and not a name. Specifically I thought it denoted the head of a gens or clan. So Gaius Julius Ceasar would be the head of the gens/clan.

[@latintutorial]

No. It does show up in the Roman marriage ceremony as something the husband calls himself (the wife is Gaia).

[@treeman12815]

roman names end in us

[@RIMJANESSOHMALOOG]

Fun fact: women still take their husbands' last name in Western society

[@hashbrowninkk1954]

Just a tip, but ya might want to start crediting Lin Manuel Miranda for the music in your introduction.

[@latintutorial]

+Hashbrown Inc. Ha! You'll notice that my videos were uploaded (starting in 2011) before Hamilton opened (2015). It seems Lin Manuel and I have the same taste in standard GarageBand loops.

[@hashbrowninkk1954]

latintutorial Haha, sorry about that then, that's pretty funny.

[@latintutorial]

+Hashbrown Inc. My own students have been reminding me about it for the past year. They still do a little dance when the old music comes on.

[@USA50_]

❤️🇺🇲👨‍🍼👩‍🍼

[@barbary13]

I love going up to Roman gaming groups, and telling them that it isn't "see-sar" it's "kuy-sahr" and they get so pissed off. :)

[@doubleminority3097]

Have you guys ever heard biggus dickus?

[@cobaltcyclic7490]

I'm here

[@131alexa]

He ranks as high as any in Rome

[@AKayumov]

The sound quality is terrible.

[@ryanjohnson9442]

əi