How similar are Italian and Latin?

[@AuthLing]

I am using the restored Classical Latin pronunciation in this video. This is how Latin was spoken by Caesar and Cicero, according to linguists. Another common model is the ecclesiastical pronunciation. It is used by the Catholic Church and is taught in Italian schools. This pronunciation is based on modern Italian phonology. In particular, it doesn't distinguish between short and long vowels and it uses the sounds /t͡ʃ/ (English ⟨ch⟩) and /d͡ʒ/ (English ⟨j⟩) as in Italian.

[@SinarNila]

You use the better version of latin, better than this is old latin with reconstructed phonetic.

[@grantottero4980]

You did well: that was the real Latin pronunciation in classical age (around 1st century BC and 1st century AD). The ecclesiastical pronunciation is highly artificial and merely conventional (some sort of consonants pronounced as in Italy since middle ages, but in the same time using word-endings, declensions, syntax and lexicon no more in use in that age...).

[@mike42356]

​@@grantottero4980 I disagree. Classical Latin was likely spoken similarly if not identical to the chuch Latin. The soft "c" before "e" and "i", the "t" before "i" read as "ts", the "ae" read as "e" are almost universally inherited by all Romance languages. Romanian and church Latin are the total opposites in terms of evolution: one was spoken by common people of a remote area from Rome, completely isolated from Italian, the other was maintained by one of the oldest and most pedantic institutions in the world. Still they sound the same! This pronunciation is revisionist, a made up by British academia, in early 20th century. The spread of its adoption is disturbing to say the least.

[@grantottero4974]

​@@mike42356 That's what you believe, but your beliefs are in conflict with reality. ******************************************************** The phonetic results in the Romance languages are what they are because they are the result of a process of slow phonetic changement (throughout centuries) which had began (but only "began", initially in a moderate way) in some popular milieu in the 1st century AD (some of these changements, indeed were "forecasted" by some form that had already begun to introduce itself, to creep in, into the "sermo vulgaris" since early republican age, coming from individuals bilingual in other Italic languages), a process of changement which was not yet fully completed in late imperial age and which went on in early middle ages, eventually leading to a phonetics SIMILAR (but not exactly equal) to that used by MODERN Catholic church. BUT when such a phonetics had been achieved (later modified further in France, Spain... and so on), the grammar, the syntax and part of the lexicon had been heavily changed (the endings of the "cases" in declensions were not used any more --- except for the final -S in Gallo-Romance, Ibero-Romance and Rheto-Romance --- ...), so that the "church" Latin was never really spoken in that way by any native Latin-speaker (during antiquity, because the pronunciation was different, in late empire age and in early middle ages because the morphology of the words had been changed). Anyhow, when we speak about "Classical" Latin, we do not mean the pronunciation of 6th, or 7th, or 8th century AD applied upon the morphology of Augustan age: we mean the Latin used by writers in late 1st century BC, early 1st century AD. And, as to that historic period, you may be sure that the studies of 20th-century / 21st-century glottologists, having lead to the "Pronuncia Restituta", are sound and impossible to be refuted. The REAL pronunciation in Cicero's, Caesar's or Augustus's age was that described in this video. Also to me (as an Italian, educated in our high schools to learn Latin in the church-like pronunciation) such a discover was a sort of cultural shock, initially. But discarding the truth is never a good attitude. If you consider the orthographical correspondences of Latin orthography applied to words and names coming from Germanic, Greek, Semitic languages (or the modern continuations of Latin words in non-Latin languages, such as Latin "vallum" ---> English "wall", and so on), you realize that those who taught what you call a "revisionist pronunciation, made up by British academia, in early 20th century" were right. There no use in denying reality for the sake of what they taught us in our teenager years in our high schools... All in all, you might try and ask a question to yourself: if the Romans in their prime pronounced "AE" or "OE" like "E", why on earth should they (who invented their orthography "ex nihilo") have felt being compelled to write those phonemes in that way (and only in some words, not in all) and not merely "E"? And, if they pronounced so differently the letters "C" and "G" when before "I" / "Y" and "E", why should they have not invented some other letter (all in all, they had already invented "G" for [g], starting from "C", which should have been the local shape for Greek "Gamma" [g], but had took a pronunciation [k] because of the Etruscan intermediation, leading to the Romans' need for a specific letter for [g])? And, if the "V" (which was no more then the capital -- upperstroke -- version of "U": the distinction between "V" and "U" has been made only in MODERN age) was really so consonantal as modern Italian "V" = [v], and not (as actually was) a [w] variant of short /u/ before a vowel, why on earth should they have NOT invented a more specifically consonantal letter for that supposed (*) /v/ phoneme? And so on, and so on....

[@nyko921]

I'm italian and this video just made me realise that the future active participle in italian kind of still exists in a couple of fixed expressions. The first one that came to my mind is "nascituro" ("naturus" in latin) which means "the one who's about to be born". Ok so from now on imma start using it for every verb and not just "nascere". Italian will have a participio futuro again! Edit: i also just discovered that the word "morituro" exists in italian too

[@Miggy19779]

Yes they do kinda exist on paper, but they are adjectives rather than (participle) verbal forms. not used much though but understandable for sure.

[@nyko921]

@@Miggy19779 to be fair though, past and present participles also kinda work more like adjectives than verbs

[@SaturnineXTS]

Sardinian is considered the most conservative Romance language, meaning it's probably the most similar to Latin. It would be nice to see someone make a comparison video of those two.

[@Miggy19779]

I hear that a lot and that's basically true, but in vocabulary it's not the most conservative, Italian is.

[@Euphoria-gz3hu]

@@Miggy19779 not really. Since Sardinian is spoken on an Island it didn’t have as much contact with foreign groups and as a result didn’t go through as much change as the continental Romance languages did. It’s definitely closest to Latin.

[@Kurdedunaysiri]

By the way there are 3 Sardinian languages.

[@rajdhonsinghngangbam1848]

Kakangu

[@SaturnineXTS]

@@rajdhonsinghngangbam1848 aduh kang

[@nakamu1973]

Buongiorno. I am Japanese and this video is much interesting although I 've never learned Latin nor Italian in my life. It's interesting to see how similar vocabulary between Latin and Italian and how different grammars are. I know that there are many Latin loan words in English and Western civilization has been constructed on Roman past. As a middle aged Japanese who loves literature and history, I recommend for young European students to learn Latin seriously. Because now I feel regret about that I didn't study classical Japanese and classical Chinese very well in my school age.

[@WeiGuanNian]

可否漢文筆談？

[@roderickjoyce6716]

My school wasted five years allegedly teaching me Latin in the time-honoured British style of learning by rote; unfortunately my French teachers used exactly the same method. Several years later I went to teach English in Italy; I had already learned German in Germany, and although IMHO Italian is the harder language for native English speakers, I learned it reasonably quickly. I still can't speak French, but I am an English-German and English-Italian interpreter (having gone back to school at 45) and I'm using my knowledge of Italian to learn Latin as it was spoken. Modern Welsh has a lot of loan words from Latin as it has come down to us from the native language in Britannia when it was a Roman province.

[@AlessandroPasotti]

Overall the discussion is well done but there are two inaccuracies: - copy, understood as quantity, is still used in high and supervised linguistic fields ("used in large quantities") _ Italian has not lost the gerund (doing, eating, sleeping) but rather the gerundive which is translated with a passive periphrasis like the example given (delenda est=must be destroyed) Greetings and congratulations

[@gaukharbokanova3860]

11:57 that was really surprising to hear that the word 'future' is a future participle of the verb 'to be' in Latin and it came in this form into English (and remained in it in modern Romance languages)

[@gaukharbokanova3860]

Lol there is the same future participle form in the word 'nature'

[@AuthLing]

Wow, 'nature' is a great finding!

[@Rayenn_19]

​@@gaukharbokanova3860 What would "nature" mean in Latin?

[@gaukharbokanova3860]

@@Rayenn_19 it meant "birth, initial character" from the verb nascor, "to get born"

[@GuilleDipa]

Excellent explanation!! I'm from Argentina, native language is Spanish. I speak Italian and also learnt a bit of Latin at school.

[@AuthLing]

Thanks for watching! I'm glad to have you here.

[@mbathroom1]

interesting video. As someone who lived in Rome for 7 years, I learned Italian and that helped me understand a lot of the Latin inscriptions in that city so they are fairly similar

[@RogerRamos1993]

I know a good deal of Italian and I tried to read a Seneca book in Italian and Latin. The Italian part I understood about 90%. The latin original I understood 10% at best. I frequently only understood one random sentence per page plus bits of other sentences. Now, one of the books I've been reading is a two column Italian-latin schoolbook from 1939. The same, very different with some similarities. What I can notice already is that a lot of everyday Latin has become the basis for expert, specialized, rare or cultured vocabulary.

[@mbathroom1]

@@RogerRamos1993 yes

[@paulovictormarchidacruz4062]

I've read an article that said that Portuguese has some remnants of that active future participle with the suffix -douro, but they became nouns and adjectives: Matadouro - that one that's about to kill (this word refers to a place where animals are killed so the meat can be sold after; a slaughterhouse). Vindouro - that one that's about to come (it's like "coming" used as adjective, just like in "the coming year"). Lavadouro - that one that's about to be washed (actually it can be a place where you wash things).

[@michakoodziej5741]

I learned Latin and I love Italian. I can understand quite a bit but not everything. It’s because Italian is more based on spoken Latin then the classical written latin. Gratias tibi ago pro investigatione tua!

[@РоманСергеевичСидоров]

As I huge fan of Latin, I've to point to a series of stronger points of your video about the evolution of Latin. In general, my esteem is positive, because your video covers the classical scientific viewpoint from the most of readers, various Latin primers. I'm sort of impressed with your intonations, so the video is rather good in its main aspects. I really appreciate your video, even though you forgot to mention Indovinello veronese which could have been bewitchingly interesting for your audience, your subscribers. However, in my opinion, you should have mentioned that the all the Latin grammar rules in your video are incredibly standard. The thing is that the grammar of classical authours is much more complicated than that of elementary readers, like Pro Patria, Ora Maritima, various Latin texts from Jarcho's textbooks. For instance, the popular grammar of Bennet described pretty complex and illogical Greek declensions (as is known, the first Latin writers were Greek, to say nothing of the Greek linguistical influence before the decisive victories of Romans. The types of supinum in various declensions are less complicated, though. The exceptions in the third declensions are well-described by Netushil, a Russian scholar (Bennet is quite good too). As is known, Cicero himself pointed out that his written speech is much clearer, better than that of his letters, to say nothing of his oral speech. In other words, we've been dealing with the oversimplified standard grammar written in the late Antiquity. The alive Latin grammar was certain to be much more complicated that we imagine. I don't whether you get what I attempted to say in this comment. May be, I'm extremely picky, tetchy and cantankerous while describing and discussing your present video in a scientific and dispassionate spirit, so don't pay attention to these carpings. All my above thoughts can be useful in your struggle with prescriptivism. Personally, I'm gonna mention this video in the Cyclopedian or even Wikipedian article about your vlogging, describing this video about Latinity as 'a great achievement'

[@vlachlemnmichail]

I'm Italian and I studied Latin for two years in high school. If the word order were as in Italian, and there were no cases with prepositions as in Italian instead, I think it would seriously be 90-95% mutually intelligible with Italian. Because the significant changes are not shown in orthography, therefore two speakers (supposedly, a native Italian, and a native Latin come back from the dead I know) would pronounce things very differently but they'd be safely able to understand each other on paper. Latin verbs suck, and it's by far the worst part about the language (although I still had good marks), especially because many forms are so similar to the Italian ones but they must be used in completely different ways. Those damned passive forms, and all the differences between the conjugations. Cases on the other hand are not hard. I think the teacher even went too slow making us learn them, it took us a year and a half, while I think you could skip some unnecessary details (the everlasting "exceptions" at the end of the page, which the teacher absolutely wanted you to know for the test) and learn all of them 5 declensions in less than a school year. But in the end I have nice memories of Latin at school.

[@Deeegeeee]

Thank you for sharing your experience. 👌👍

[@blizst2127]

i am a tagalog speaker and a chabacano speaker its fascinating i can recognize some words and understand without reading the English subtitles

[@blizst2127]

i have so Manny aha moment on this one

[@gaukharbokanova3860]

Wow that's so cool to see a Tagalog/Chabacano speaker on this channel. One day I would like to visit the Philippines and Zamboanga especially to hear a live Chabacano and see how much I can understand since I speak some Spanish

[@wheeliebeast7679]

Definitely the combo of Latin-origin words in English, plus Spanish imports into the Filipino languages you speak, made that possible

[@dietrichdietrich7763]

Evolution of Words To adapt in languages That once were spoken Eiriely still lives on today, Transforming with the times

[@seid3366]

fa sensa. lots of spanish (and english) influence came into many filipine languages during the colonial period

[@TuaTeMauAkauAtea]

*_Comparison between Proto-Italic/Old Italic, Classical Latin, Vulgar Latin, Romance and Modern and Contemporary Italian:_* *_1. Comparative Linguistic Ancestry:_* *_- Proto-Italic is recognized as the ancestral form of the Italic languages, which include Latin, which in turn derived from ProtoIndoEuropean, which in turn is Kurganian._* *_- Classical Latin is the written and formal form of Latin, used during the classical period of the Roman Empire, derived from Proto-Italic._* *_- Vulgar Latin is the spoken and vernacular form of Latin, which developed from Classical Latin._* *_- Romance is the embryonic and emancipatory stage between Vulgar Latin and the individual Romance languages, including Italian, which in turn derives from Vulgar Latin._* *_- Modern and Contemporary Italian is one of the Romance languages, derived from Romance and a national variant of it, and influenced by various historical and social elements._* *_2. Genus, Family and Linguistic Subfamily:_* *_- All languages mentioned belong to the Italic language family, which is a subgroup of Indo-European and Kurganian languages._* *_- Within the Italic languages, Classical Latin, Vulgar Latin, Romance and Italian are classified as Romance languages._* *_3. Comparative Linguistic Species and Subspecies:_* *_- Proto-Italic is considered an ancestral species a derivation and subspecies of ProtoIndoEuropean or Kurganian._* *_- Classical Latin is a subspecies of ancient Latin, characterized by its written form and its influence on Roman literature and culture._* *_- Vulgar Latin is another subspecies of Latin, derived from Classical Latin, which developed as a spoken and vernacular form._* *_- Romance is a subspecies of Vulgar Latin, representing the intermediate stage of transition to the individual Romance languages._* *_- Modern and Contemporary Italian is one of the subspecies of the Romance languages, specifically the Italian variant, that is, a national subspecies of Romance._* *_4. Comparative Sociolinguistics:_* *_- Classical Latin was mainly used by educated people and in the formal spheres of Roman society._* *_- Vulgar Latin was the language spoken by the general population and varied regionally._* *_- Romanesque and Modern and Contemporary Italian are national languages, spoken and used in all spheres of Italian society._* *_5. Comparative Linguistic Geopolitics:_* *_- Classical Latin was the official language of the Roman Empire and widely used throughout its territorial extension._* *_- Vulgar Latin was spoken in the regions of the Roman Empire and evolved into Romance languages in different geographic areas._* *_- The Romanesque was the simplification, regionalization and nationalization of Vulgar Latin and its union with the local languages and dialects of these local languages of each nation._* *_- Modern and Contemporary Italian is the official language of Italy and is also spoken in Italian-speaking communities in other countries._* *_6. Semiotics and Comparative Symbology:_* *_- All languages mentioned have writing systems based on the Latin alphabet._* *_- Each of them has its own semantic and symbolic characteristics that reflect the culture and history of language communities._* *_7. Comparative Grammar:_* *_-Proto-Italic, Old Italic and Common Italic, in addition to sharing convergences and grammatical similarities, are the foundation, the real basis of other later languages such as Latin, Romance and Italian._* *_- Classical Latin and Vulgar Latin share many grammatical features, although with some significant differences, they are the sources of Romance and national Neo-Latin languages such as Italian._* *_- Romance and Modern and Contemporary Italian present specific national and regional grammatical developments, such as the simplification of nominative and accusative cases and the evolution of new verb forms._* *_Final considerations:_* *_-Proto-Italic, Old Italic and Common Italic are the primal basis, the complete oral, written, recorded support of the cultural and logical parts of all other Latin and Neo-Latin languages._* *_This is the language family of Latin and which made it possible for Latin to form its own language family._* *_Within this family, Latin had sister languages such as Falisco, Umbrian and Oscan, also from the Italic family and children of Italic like it._* *_We emphasize this against those who madly and layly falsely maintain that Latin fell from the sky, came from another planet or worse and a magical or divine language and other nonsense that is not worth quoting, avoid such people and authors, they are opportunistic forgers._* *_- Classical Latin is the written and formal form of Latin, while Vulgar Latin is the spoken and vernacular form that gave rise to the Romance languages._* *_- Romance, the simplification of Vulgar Latin, is the embryonic and emancipatory stage between Vulgar Latin, and its simplified speech, Romance plus the local, national, regional and municipal languages in which they all come together to form the national languages and regions of the Neo-Latin nations._* *_- Modern and Contemporary Italian is one of the Romance languages and is a national subspecies of Romance resulting from the fusion of Romance with all the Tuscan dialects of Italy._* *_- Each stage of linguistic evolution represents a transformation and adaptation of the language to social, cultural and geographic needs and influences over time._* *_- The transition from Vulgar Latin to individual Romance languages such as Italian was a gradual and complex process, involving phonetic, grammatical and lexical changes._* *_This whole process of nationalization, regionalization and simplification from Vulgar Latin to Neo-Latin national languages such as Italian we call Romanesque._* *_It is important to note that this is just an overview and simplified view of the linguistic evolution between these languages._* *_Each period and stage has distinct characteristics and regional variations._* *_This is a summary of a much larger vision in the light of today's Linguistics._* *_Good energies, good rest, peace and health in life._* *_Great second half of 2023._* *_See you in next time._* *_Goodbye._*

[@SinarNila]

😺🍹😋😍✌️❣️😽😺😘😘💐👍🤗💛💋🌷🫂🍻🍹😺💞😋💟😍✌️❣️🌞☀️🌜🌙💫✨🌟⭐🌛🌝💙🥂🌆🌃🌚

[@guillermorivas7819]

Italian is the closest language to the Latin language overall but Spanish sometimes is the closest in terms of conjugated verbs, many words, sibilant s, vowel enunciation close enough to Italian/Latin. Sometimes Portuguese is closer to Latin in terms of how it looks and words (like "Cauda Longa" which is almost identical to Latin. However, Portuguese doesn't have the same enunciation like that of Italian/Spanish because Brazilian-Portuguese has a tendency to pronounced words differently than how it is written while Portuguese from Portugal sometimes omits ending vowels. Below are some Spanish words that look/sound almost identical to Latin: Malus = malo Mulier = mujer Avis = ave Mensa = mesa Sella = slla Ponere = poner Adhuc = aun Angustus = angosto Gratias = gracias Ire = ir Com(edere) = comer Negotium = negocio etc.

[@pozetiv4ik-iwnl-673]

Great video !

[@AuthLing]

Thanks for watching!

[@AlessandroPasotti]

Nel complesso la trattazione è ben fatta ma vi sono due inesattezze: - copia, intesa come quantità ,viene ancora utilizzata in ambiti linguistici elevati e sorvegliati( " utilizzato in grande copia") _ l'italiano non ha perso il gerundio (facendo,mangiando,dormendo)bensì il gerundivo che viene tradotto con una perifrasi passiva come l'esempio riportato(delenda est=deve essere distrutta) Saluti e complimenti

[@C4rl05XD]

At 9.30 , we can say just una mano lava l’altra ; without necessarily putting the double Mano ..

[@kacperfleszar9623]

I'm Polish and I learned Latin in school years ago, although back then the pronunciation we were taught was different. It was nice watching this video because it reminded me of the things I already knew, but simply forgot due to not using this summa summarum beautiful language in my daily life.

[@AuthLing]

Thanks for watching! I guess you studied the ecclesiastical pronunciation which is using modern Italian phonology. This pronunciation is typically used by the Catholic Church.

[@kacperfleszar9623]

@@AuthLing Actually, it was something else entirely. The ecclesiastical pronunciation is what we refered to as "italian pronunciation" and indeed is used during latin liturgy in the Catholic Church. However the pronunciation we learned was "polonized" for lack of a better term. We pronounced "v" as polish "w", "c" was either polish "c" or "k" depending on surrounding vowels and consonants, "ae" was polish "e", "qu" was "kw" and probably more I can't recall at the moment, but aside from that it was very close to original pronunciation. It was certainly more authentic than the anglicized pronunciation ;)

[@SaturnineXTS]

@@kacperfleszar9623 I think that pronunciation is considered the German standard, they teach it too. You can especially tell by the pronunciation of the letter "c".

[@ArtemDowgaluk-Kowalski]

This pronunciation you are talking about is still taught in Poland. I took Latin last year at the University of Opole and had to actively think while reading in order not to read it "the classical way" which was more familiar to me at that point already thanks to @scorpio martianus

[@SaturnineXTS]

@@ArtemDowgaluk-Kowalski you should have told them you prefer the restored pronunciation and it's much more valid than the one they're using anyhow

[@Sebaseen]

Great video, I found out a lot about these two languages, as I've never looked into them in my life. Now I'm hoping for another slavic languages comparison 😁. But my wildest dream is that you would make a video about Jamaican Patois. 😅

[@roderickjoyce6716]

Seconded: it's a beautiful dialect,

[@grantottero4980]

Indeed, in some cases modern Italian uses some remnants, some relics, of Latin future active participle, like "futūrus / futūru(m)" --> "futuro" or "morititūrus / motitūru(m)" --> "morituro" (a rather bookish, "lofty" word). Italian still make use of some relics of Latin future passive participle (generally transformed into substantives), like "agenda" (= the things to be carried on, the tasks to be accomplished) --> "agenda" (same meaning as in English), or "facienda" (the things to be done, the works to be done) --> "una faccenda // le faccende" (= an affair to be carried on // the affairs ... or your housework to be done). Curiously, from the same Latin "facienda", also early-modern Spanish "hazienda // hacienda" (= portuguese "fazenda") --> Italian "azienda" (that Z = [ddz]), originally meaning "landlord's agricultural estate with farms..." and now meaning merely "trading or industrial company, factory, firm...".

[@redhidinghood9337]

I'm from bosnia and I had latin in school although oddly enough we learned with the ecclesiastical pronunciation. What I find funny is that sometimes my slavic language matches with the Latin better than modern Italian or other romance languages. We still have the cases (7) so we can form sentences and word orders just like in latin. And also the personal pronouns are similar or sometimes the exact same. For example, the second person pronoun in genitive is "te" in bosnian just like in latin with the example sentence at 11:10

[@mike42356]

Keep the pronunciation that way. The restored one is fake. Ask any supporter of this revisionist phonetic to say out loud "aeternae" while looking in a mirror 😂

[@coraliemoller3896]

I studied Latin at high school and it was so helpful learning other Romance languages. Later I studied Italian for beginners and found the background of English, French and Spanish studies provided quick comprehension.

[@krasnyytsesarevich]

In reality in the past the j was used in Italian, it is no coincidence that it was created by Italian humanists like the u, and it was Gian Giorgio Trissino who introduced it in 1524, then abandoned over time; but it remained in some Italian words, then with the American cultural predominance and the introduction of pure loans from English and first French it was introduced into Italian vocabularies, and therefore it became an unofficial letter of the Italian alphabet, but in fact yes, like k, y , x and w. 11:19 In Italian it can be rendered in a short way like the Latin ones, using the word "moribondo" plural moribondi or "morituro" plural morituri (which is the derivation of the same Latin word)

[@123njedytre]

I learned Latin 2 years in school in Greece. We were taught to read in that way (classical).

[@nuperaa6617]

A lot of old Romanian words are directly latin but we don't really use them often.

[@SinarNila]

Dude Italian is close to Tuscan and Romance/Romanic idiom in fact. Classic Latin is close to Classic Sardinian and Classic Corsican. Italian received many influence of Cimbric, Langobaric,French, Catalan, Spanish,Portuguese, Istriot very far from Old and classical Latin. Hugs to you.

[@AuthLing]

You are basically repeating a paragraph of my script that I have eventually decided to drop because the focus of this video was not on the history of languages :) My initial script also talked about Medieval, Renaissance, New and Contemporary Latin; explained why Vulgar Latin is a controversial term; Pronuncia Fiorentina Emendata etc etc. Let me know if you want a separate video about that!

[@AuthLing]

What languages do you speak?

[@SinarNila]

​@@AuthLing Im a latinophony ;)

[@SinarNila]

​​@@AuthLing Yes dude friend. Vulgar latim is Very controversial term, not good,cos doesn't have technical precision, we have modern, scientifical, ecclesial, classical latin. Today in scientifical communicationals groups people uses romanic romanesque to refer to romans' vulgar speech, its more better than ''vulgar latin or latinory''.

[@SinarNila]

Brother videos that would make your content sought after would be about Latin would be the origin and affiliation and family of Latin and pre-Latin languages, video 1. About Video 2 Romanesque Romanesque popular Roman vulgar speech. Nice video 3 would be reconstructed Latin and its usefulness in the study of ancient Latin and Romance languages. These three brother videos are great for everyone, for me for you and it has everything to do with your Italian Latin comparison. hugs.

[@grantottero4980]

My answers as an Italian: I understand Latin quite well, partly due to the fact that it was an early stage of Italian language (and of any other Romance language or dialect, of course), and partly having studied it at school. But it is never a total, FULLY plain comprehension, in an instanct. Sometimes a dictionary (or a grammar book) could be necessary, and some kind of texts are easier than others (poetry or less recent popular expressions, like those in the comedies of Plautus, being the most difficult ones...). Terrible difficulty (having not studied palaeography) when compelled to facing the deadly abbreviations in the inscriptions carved in stone.

[@yashagarwal8741]

I learned italian and i speak sanskrit too i find latin grammar simpler to digest since the cases and the tenses. My native is hindi

[@Artur_M.]

I had to take three semesters of Latin at university, as a history student, here in Poland. I forgot most of what little I've learned, and only later I realized that they were teaching us the 'Ecclesiastical Latin' pronounciation (despite using many fragments of classical texts). 😅 I guess that it makes some sense, because assuming that some of us would become serious historians, and actually use the knowlage of Latin in our work, it would probably be for medieval and/or early modern sources.

[@mbathroom1]

no way it's you again (ps guess who this is)

[@grantottero4974]

I think Latin "veni" (in Caesar's "veni, vidi, vici") had NOT a long "E".

[@thienquang_thienhan7]

Thank you, I love latin so much❤❤❤

[@mkthegreatest81]

I am Canadian-Iraluan, both parents abd all grandparents born in Italy. All from Abruzzo. And we can understand Latin

[@xolang]

İ find the question "Do you speak [language]?" rather problematic, because speaking is not the same as writing and understanding (the spoken form vs. the written form). İn my father tongue and in German it's more practical because it's normal to literally ask "Can (you) [language]?" without specifying: speak or write or understand. Anyway, to answer your question: Do İ speak İtalian or Latin? No, İ don't speak İtalian or Latin, yet sometimes İ do understand some spoken İtalian, which for some reason is slightly easier to understand than the written one. And to your second question: No, İ didn't learn Latin in school. Thank you for the video! İ find future participle very interesting indeed. İ wonder if any modern spoken language has something similar.

[@Born1e]

I learned Latin in school! Easily my favorite class

[@shredderly]

"That doesn't mean Romans yelled all the time." I dunno dude if you listen to Italians today i wouldn't be suprised if Romans did yell all the time.

[@AuthLing]

Nice joke! 😄

[@roderickjoyce6716]

@@AuthLing Not always true; my wife is from Piedmont and she never yells. I'm the loud extrovert one, and I'm English. 😁

[@mkthegreatest81]

😂😂😂😂

[@seangomez2331]

Would learning Italian first make learning Latin easier? I know Spanish and when I read Latin aloud I can definitely recognize most words even though pronunciation are different but it doesn't translate to fluent understanding. Latin has manny grammar rules and many things needing memorization since Italian is more simple than Latin would it make sense to learn it then go on to Latin?

[@AuthLing]

You can learn these languages in any order. The important thing is to not learn them at the same time because they are pretty close and therefore likely to interfere. So, bring one language to B1-B2 level and then start the second one. It is much more common to learn Latin after Italian, and this is what millions of Italian children do in school. But you can totally learn Latin first if you are motivated and passionate about this language.

[@seangomez2331]

@@AuthLing would learning Latin & French together be as likely to intefere as Latin & Italian? What about among the modern Romance languages, e.g. French & Portuguese, or Spanish & Romanian? Also, I believe that learning Italian would be easier to the language learner as well as making learning Latin easier as well. Italian is much more accessible; movies, shows, radio, news, opera, music, all make Italian easier to pick up than a dead language like Latin as there's more sensory input/output. And the grammar is easier and more comfortable for say an English speaker and especially for a modern Romance language speaker. I agree, being passionate is a big variable but I think there's something to say in that learning Latin is an academic and cultural endeavor albeit dry while learnung Italian is practical, more accessible, and has its own academic and cultural tradition seperate from Roman history, the Church, and academia; i.e. musical terminology, invention of the opera, and of course the Italian culture's huge impact on great films, TV, and fashion. My opinion is that it is easier to learn Italian given that it is much more accessible to a modern person but I do concede passion and interest are important variables to consider.

[@zaqwsx23]

The advantage of learning Italian first is that it will make Latin much easier to pronounce (even with the Classical pronunciation). Phonetically Italian is the closest major Romance language to Latin. It also kept the Latin geminate consonants that disappeared in the other Romance languages. Being a living language it is obviously easier to get familiar with its sound and then switch to Latin.

[@theoremus]

Gratias ago tibi pro lectione tua video. Slovak is my mother tongue. I emigrated to USA at age 11, so English is my second tongue. Now I am studying Latin (using LLPSI and KZbin). My impression is that Latin is more structured and efficient (and beautiful?) compared to Italian. Slovak also has seven cases and no articles, hence I have an affinity towards Latin. Latin also has very good phonetic pronunciation, although there is some confusion with the letters V and U.

[@KertPerteson]

If you really love the phonetic pronounciation of latin dont search up the nasal final M, it is very ugly part of latin

[@lmazufri]

Can you tell me why Italian grammar changed grammar and lexicon so much? It is said that rumanian grammar is the closest to latin.

[@alessiacarchia5536]

Hi, I think it would also be interesting to make a video on the two main different ways Latin can be pronunced because the way you did it is definitely not how we are taught to pronounce it in Italy 😂.

[@gaukharbokanova3860]

As long as I know in Italy they teach students the ecclesiastical pronunciation that was used by the church since Middle Ages when Latin was already a dead language

[@AuthLing]

Exactly, I am thinking of making a video on the ecclesiastical and classical pronunciation. The ecclesiastical pronunciation is used by the Catholic Church and is taught in Italian schools. This pronunciation uses modern Italian phonology. In this video, I am using the reconstructed Classical Latin pronunciation. This is how Latin was spoken by Caesar and Cicero, according to linguists.

[@alessiacarchia5536]

Despite already knowing about the reconstructed pronunciation already I can't help but find it "weird" nonetheless

[@marinaaaa2735]

Ecclesiastical pronunciation actually comes from an english latin speaker that tried matching all letters to one sound in order to allow all variants of latin spoken across europe to be mutually intelligible. Late latin already had sound changes like tia > tsia and habere > avere. Restored classical pronunciation on the other hand is as close as one gets to the spoken latin of cicero, but it doesn't quite represent how everyone spoke (see rustic latin or plautus' latin).

[@KertPerteson]

@@marinaaaa2735 Plautus?? thats not classical period anymore man its not counted as classical latin its old latin

[@Deibi078]

o venator dei sancti cum gladio forti candio tu non perdis viam nocte nec sanguine potulentus

[@nuperaa6617]

Copia in Romania is copy but we have copios which means abundance. For mulier we have muiere but it's rarely used, it is considered old and mostly is used in the countrysidem.

[@AuthLing]

Exactly! I always adored Romanian etymology. You have words directly originated from Latin, a lot of Slavic borrowings and also many later French borrowings that eventually came from Latin. So, copios and copie were borrowed from French copieux and copie. There is also a word copii "children" (singular: copil), but it is not related to the Latin cōpia.

[@nuperaa6617]

@@AuthLing for copil we have fiu/fiică, făt, fecior, prunc... I think for every french/slavic word we also have one latin word. It's a confusing situation, we don't really use these words but we know them. One thing is for sure, we understand other latin based languages but nothing related with Slavic... My parents and grandparents learned Russian in school but it was to difficult for them to understand. I don't know how 15% of Romania is slavic, that feels forced, also I don't know how we have so many french word because french for me was the worst, we learn it in school but it was to different.

[@GF-yh9tb]

In Spanish is "Apartamento", not "Apartamiento".

[@kenka2510]

I noticed a lot of similarities between European Portuguese and Latin that don't exist between Italian and Latin. For example, Latin mulier and Portuguese mulher sound almost identical while it's donna in Italian. It would be really interesting to see a video on this!

[@khantsal2305]

@kenka2510 Italian is closest language to latin than Portuguese. Nearly half of Portuguese vocabularies are of Arabic origin.

[@kenka2510]

@@khantsal2305 I never said Portuguese was closer to Latin than Italian. I said it would be nice to see a video showing the similarities between Portuguese and Latin. Also, you're information is completely wrong. Only 1 or 2% of Portuguese words are influenced by Arabic and that is mainly names of places...

[@zaqwsx23]

The Italian for wife is "moglie". The italian "gli" is pronounced like the Portuguese "lh".

[@chris10hi]

Italian was simplified in both phonetics and grammar. The phonetics is most interesting as Classical Latin had a high concentration of Alarm Sounds which made the Romans highly focussed with a high sense of urgency, as Latin transformed into Italian it lost many of these Alarm Sounds and Italians lost this high sense of urgency, one could say they became more complacent, to understand this theory see kzbin.info/www/bejne/ppOXi2WCg5mSrtU

[@guillermorivas7819]

What's your take on Spanish? Do you think it continues to have few/some alarming "stress" sounds?

[@chris10hi]

@@guillermorivas7819 Yes statistically, Spanish, Italia and Portuguese has a lot less alarm sounds than Classical Latin, simply because long vowels became short, Diphthongs also often became single vowels and many nasal sounds have been lost at the end of syllables. These languages could greatly benefit by reintroducing the more complex vowel structure. In todays world where many people speak English that I helpful, however when we compare to Asiatic tonal languages such as Japan, Korean and Chinese languages all other societies are relatively complacent and they will be outcompeted in terms of manufacturing, and this poses great imbalance economically as societies that do not manufacture become economically deprived and this can lead to poverty, chao and mass migration that is currently seen around the world. Even within Europe, the Germanic languages more alarm sounds than the Romance or Slavic languages, and that is the reason why Germany had such a large trade surplus against other societies. So what I believe we need is a highter level of "cortically arounsal" of Fear in more relaxed societies and a decrease in Far East, Societies then we get the right balance and a healthy and prosperous global civilisation, perhaps the video that best explains this is the following, kzbin.info/www/bejne/sHjbZ56if9uFbJI

[@grantottero4974]

Indeed, you pronounced wrongly "scena" (too closed stressed vowel) / "bene" (too closed stressed vowel) / "zucchero" (indeed starting with a /ts/ affricate sound, not /dz/). A too much "modern-age Northern-Italian" pronunciation, but bever mind. The video remains of high quality nevertheless.

[@bumblebeeeoptimus]

In portuguese we have the word "moribundo" which also means "he who is about to die", so the latin sentence could be translated with the same words

[@jeremias-serus]

Great video. 10:48 in English we say "kankerd," not "kankwerd" :)

[@1-derfulpiece]

Id like to say that in the section of Italian words that are from Spanish, the first two aren't from Spanish, they are from Nahuatl, that got into Spanish from Mexico.

[@jboss1073]

There is no evidence that "digana" is from Arabic "diwan". It is more likely to be from the Doges (The chief magistrate in the republics of Venice and Genoa.)

[@Timotheus-Secundus-Marcellus]

In annō 2022, linguam latīnam discere incēpī domī. Disco librō bonō nōtissimō, nōmine Lingua Latīna per se Īllūstrāta, sed tamen, ego ipse nōn celer lector sum, ergo prāvē tardēque loqui tantum possum. Vōs salūto sodales!

[@lukasm6905]

I speak Spansish and French, I understand Italian a lot because it’s basically French with Spanish pronunciation

[@pozetiv4ik-iwnl-673]

Would you consider making a video about interslavic language? (Medžuslovjansky jezyk) I know Ukrainian and Russian and therefore I can fully understand interslavic

[@AuthLing]

I am not familiar with Interslavic but thanks for the idea, it sounds interesting!

[@SaturnineXTS]

@@AuthLing I can help out with that if you need some info, I'm very well-versed in Interslavic and could give you some interesting details, as I've noticed you really like delving into those

[@AuthLing]

@@SaturnineXTS Thanks!

[@ssmitfsh]

Which language has this logic: Every word starts with a consonant and ends with a vowel, every consonant is followed by a vowel and every vowel follows a consonant, without any digraphs or diphthongs.

[@levinanji9649]

What?? Are you saying latin did not have U? What about vowel u, which is in all masculine nouns?

[@CommonCommiestudios]

In classical Latin, the sound /u/ was written with V in all contexts (just like the sound /w/), the letter later split into V for the consonant sound and U for the vowel sound

[@levinanji9649]

@@CommonCommiestudios Recte dicis. Consentio tecum ....

[@marcopanzironi6612]

I don’t agree on the notion that Italian grammar is simpler than Latin grammar. It’s true that noun grammar was significantly simplified, but verb grammar arguably got more complex: for instance, Italian has a conditional mood while Latin doesn’t. Italian also has the “verbi composti” form, which Latin completely lacks

[@TheRealGhebs]

I'm a Portuguese speaker and some of the words were more similar to Latin than Italian, like: Mulher, ave, mau. Cativo, negócio, ofício mean thr same as their Latin counterparts. The verb "amare" in Latin ("amar" in Portuguese) first plural conjugation is almost the same as Portuguese's "amamos" (pronounced amamus) and the 2nd person singular is also basically the same as the Portuguese "ama".

[@AdamSlatopolsky]

Same as in Spanish: Mujer, Ave, Mal. Also amamos and ama.

[@5571Randman]

I still dont understand why Italians arent considered latinos, we are by the way. We are obviously not Hispanic as those people come from Hispaniola, but we as Italian are more latin than any other romantic speaking people. The first language was Italic, it moved to Latin and then from Latin, Italian came about. Italians are the first Latinos.

[@alessiorenzoni5586]

🇮🇹Because with the term Latinos the Anglo-Saxons identified the Latin Americans, predominantly Hispanic, who inhabit the countries of Latin America and the United States of America. The true Latins were an ancient Indo-European speaking people, who moved to Italy from Eastern and Central Europe in various waves of migration since the second half of the 2nd millennium BC. They overlapped with the pre-Indo-European ethnic groups pre-existing in the Italian territory, either absorbing them or establishing a peaceful coexistence with them in the Middle Bronze Age, that is, around the middle of the 2nd millennium BC, until the 4th century BC with the descent of the Celts into the Po Valley. The religious beliefs of archaic Latium were linked to animate nature (animals and plants) and inanimate nature (fire, water, wind, etc.) or to the supernatural forces that presided over human existence. These influenced the social but also political life of the Latins, constituting a strong bond that united the many territorial realities of Latium Vetus, a region that extended from the lower course of the Tiber (to the N) to Terracina (to the S). According to some, the name Latius derives from the verb "latere" to be hidden, also due to a legend according to which the God Saturn, ousted by his son Jupiter, was buried by him in Latium, in Lazio. Saturn is very often represented with a sickle, but he is not a God of agriculture, but rather a God who reaps lives. Yet the age of Saturn was called the golden age. It is said that whoever manages to discover and therefore open the tomb of Saturn, God of time and death, will discover the golden seed contained therein, the seed of immortality.

[@mapache-ehcapam]

Interestingly ''Latino Americano'' was first coined by a South American(Chilean I believe), then it was popularized by French Imperialism and "now" the Americans shortened it to Latino. Why aren't Italians, Spaniards, Romanians, French, etc, considered ''Latino"?, well that's easy, *Latino* means *Latin American* . It would be very difficult to make everyone agree to broaden the definition of Latino to include Latin Europeans. It is what it is. And also, Hispanics don't come exclusively from Hispaniola(Island in the Caribbean). Hispanos or Hispanics are people from or with ancestry going back to Spain aka España(Country in Europe) or that speak the Spanish language natively, the name of this country comes from Hispania(Roman Province).

[@vhdlx]

9:05 perfectly illustrates why i find it so hard to be interested in learning any romance language. I don't understand why the romance languages evolved this way. The "melodic" speech is more annoying than beautiful to me.

[@modmaker7617]

Luke from the KZbin channels, PolýMATHY and ScorpioMarianus; who teaches Latin and dubs film scenes and songs into Latin. He made an entire video explaining why the Romans did actually have the letter J. He might be annoyed at this video.

[@AuthLing]

I love Luke's channels and I watched this video about the letter J two weeks ago. At 2:00, Luke says that the letter J was invented hundreds of years ago for the purpose of writing the [j] sound to distinguish it from the [i] sound. Later, Luke mentions that the shape of the letter J is derived from the shape of the long | vowel that was written with a longer tail. So, despite you can find a shape similar to J in Classical Latin (it's rather a longer |), it was not treated as a separate letter and it was not used as a consonant (instead, it was the long vowel ī). kzbin.info/www/bejne/opelaqCOarqIhLc

[@janeyre82]

Sì, è una di quelle cose che vanno sotto la definizione di "scoperta dell'America" (o dell'acqua calda, come dir si voglia): fingere di "riscrivere" quello che in realtà viene solo ripetuto con parole diverse, o esplicitando fino alla nausea cose talmente ovvie da essere solitamente omesse per rispetto della comune intelligenza. Un'attività in cui molti youtuber - non dirò quali - sembrano particolatmente zelanti 😁

[@Deibi078]

Why did the grammar changed so much?

[@marinaaaa2735]

Latin had too many endings that were similar. This is why the case system collapsed to seriously compared to greek, where romanian only keeps its case system due to areal influence.

[@diegomarquez3293]

“Ergo” also exists in Italian. Just like in English.

[@dalubwikaan161]

I honestly call The Italian Language "Modern Latin" 😊

[@volkhen0]

Latin grammar is very similar to Polish. Except the gerundive.

[@martintuma9974]

0:25 They HAD "-ius" in their names...

[@AuthLing]

Well, I can write and say their names as CICERÓ·VIRGILIVS·OVIDIVS·HORATIVS, but is it how you personally refer to them?

[@volkhen0]

You can call me MARIVS

[@KertPerteson]

Interesting

[@ciambellone67]

Copia is copioso in italian

[@Deibi078]

4:25

[@piadas804]

Your videos are extremely similar to Langfocus

[@simonecappiello3937]

Latin is better than Italian, but Franch is more beautiful of romance Languages. Interesting Video.

[@johngarofano7356]

Because you are an Italian speaker ,

[@grantottero4980]

The voice pronouncing the Italian language not always pronounces the vowels well...

[@guillermorivas7819]

Imperator, sol et luna semper te salutant. Pone pecuniam tuam in mensa. Gratias tibi. = Latin Emperador, el sol y la luna siempre te saludan. Pon tu dinero en la mesa. Gracias. = Spanish Imperador, o sol e a lua sempre o saúdam. Coloque teu dinheiro na mesa. Obrigado. = Portuguese Imperatore, il sole e la luna ti salutano sempre. Metti i tuoi soldi sul tavolo. Grazie. = Italian Empereur, le soleil et la lune vous saluent toujours. Mets ton argent sur la table. Merci. = French

[@CaillouPuddington]

Actually, the letter K did not exist in classical latin either

[@juandiegovalverde1982]

In Spanish bad and woman are malo and mujer.

[@Pesar25]

Latin is such a beautiful language. Hope it will make a comeback some day.

[@ferdatanyeri1378]

Good presentation however your pronunciation is not the best!

[@citychris3215]

Great video! If we have any linguistic questions, is there an email we can contact you by?

[@lupus_italicus]

...5:24 PRONUNCIA LATINA ERRATA... il dittongo AE si pronuncia E: Scaena si pronuncia come in italiano scena! Inoltre la E in CAESAR si pronuncia E come in Italiano e non I: Caesar Non Caisar! STUDIATE PRIMA DI FARE VIDEO!

[@zaqwsx23]

Tu sei uno dei tanti a cui non è mai stato spiegato a scuola come il latino si pronunciava ai tempi di Cesare. La pronuncia usata oggi è più recente e più simile all'italiano.

[@SrJomba]

Al tempo di Cesare, il "ae" era un "a" e un "e". Solo nel siculo II il dittongo diventò "e". (Italiano non é mia lingua nativa. Forse me ho sbagliato scrivendo questo)