What is Antimatter?

[@StarTalk]

How could the study of antimatter help us understand the origins and ultimate fate of our universe?

[@dirtyenergywar7029]

If particles annihilate and only pure energy remains does that mean that the universe is ultimately made of pure energy?

[@scifirealism5943]

Q-Balls, a hypothetical form of dark matter, could "flip" matter into antimatter and allow for practical antimatter production. Such Q-Balls would produce gravitational radiation, which can be studied by astronomers since gravitational radiation cannot be blocked(unlike electromagnetic radiation). In addition, because gravity lacks a repulsive counterpart, gravitational radiation is quadripolar, not dipole (like electromagnetic radiation). This means gravity waves drop off in intensity far more slowly than light waves. In addition, if the baryon number can be violated, then it's possible for protons to decay, leading to all matter destabilizing.

[@scifirealism5943]

​@@dirtyenergywar7029mass is a condensed form of energy.

[@bkbland1626]

We'll see, I reckon.

[@Nudel-nc1cp]

@@scifirealism5943 Short. On point. Thanks.

[@wjrasmussen666]

I like seeing how much Chuck has learned over the years.

[@TheAfterLifePodzKastTheAfterLi]

😂💕

[@davidevans3227]

there was a lovely bit at about six minutes when it looked like he was getting it and the camera started slowly moving in.. then.. nope..! didn't get it.. 🙂 x (so Neil goes through it again and of course he does get it.. i still don't )

[@wjrasmussen666]

@@davidevans3227 Nice to crap on this.

[@davidevans3227]

@@wjrasmussen666 what you mean?

[@IlmMubasher]

When I saw this I thought the chuck from angry birds💀

[@dukatelo]

"Isn't there conservation of energy" I swear if Chuck keeps showing up on StarTalk he will get that Ph.D from Neil himself lol, every video he keeps learning more and more and it shows

[@shoaibmms]

Damb true 😂😂

[@MissJean63]

As a teacher, I check my own knowledge before I teach my physical science lessons by watching Star Talk. I teach Jr High and switched from math to science. I have forgotten a lot since I was in Jr High plus things have changed. Keep the lessons coming! ❤❤

[@MichaelHenriques]

​@@MissJean63or do your own research?

[@watchdog4454]

The part where I thought he was like genuinely a smart guy is when he mentioned a opposite world he could of worded it better but that is definitely a genius thought

[@peewee0224]

@@MichaelHenriqueswatching Neil is part of that. He’s literally an astrophysicist it’s better to learn from experts in the field than as a laymen try to interpret the data.

[@AZREDFERN]

So when someone says “it doesn’t matter”, are they implying that it DOES anti-matter? Should I be worried about coming into contact with this thing that doesn’t matter?

[@rebeccarichardson8669]

You'll come into contact with anti matter when you die. It's what the portal you travel through is made of.

[@Iwantamansonguitar]

As a matter of fact.

[@Kacpa2]

​@@Iwantamansonguitar Its matters..

[@David-so9qx]

Stay positive

[@houseofwolves9553]

that's basically taking a negative and then turning it positive.........

[@ViperOfMino]

5:50 Neil's the perfect teacher, man. Perfect balance of understandable but not treating us like we're babies that don't know how to add 2+2. Because he's so good at that, you know at 5:50 when he says "I don't wanna move forward until I hear that you understand this" that you gotta buckle up and get ready because you're in for some serious astrophysics.

[@4seiken-594]

He does however have a really bad habit of talking over people

[@itsnotdio9911]

I don’t want to be that person, this guy seems smart, but this is high school level physics… You are expected to enter university already knowing this

[@anthonyhollohan7651]

@@itsnotdio9911 no its not

[@itsnotdio9911]

@@anthonyhollohan7651 yes bro lol, this is high school stuff

[@asianman115]

@@itsnotdio9911 No, it is not. We don't learn this in highschool.

[@creoleboymike]

Me and my 9 year old listen to Star Talk every day, and he is finally starting to understand the concepts. We love this channel thanks guys!

[@DirkThys]

11:54 in that antimatter universe, the astrophysicist Chuck Nice is explaining to comedian Neil deGrasse Tyson what antimatter is

[@pimbel8830]

I wonder if that anti universe is like anti particle and we are part of positive one and the big bang was spontaneous decay

[@QUBIQUBED]

Astrophysicist Nuck Chice and comedian Teil geDrasse Nyson

[@aaronseet2738]

Pro-matter

[@neverpure20]

AntiChuck. A dangerous super vilain.

[@mr.theking2484]

It would be more accurate to call it an antiverse because everything about it would be the CPT flipped version (all charges are flipped and time flows backwards). Personally I like to think that the antiverse is the same as our universe but you get to it by going backwards in time from the beginning of the universe.

[@KHAOS_CT]

Chuck is just like darpa, "cool, so how can we turn this into a bomb?" lmfaooo

[@mrlucky5025]

"Gee, I wish we had one of them Doomsday Machines." George C. Scott as Gen Bucky Turgidson in 'Doctor Strangelove...."

[@tommybunz5]

tbh I hate chuck lol

[@octavianpopescu4776]

I mean... 100% efficiency... it's like begging to be weaponised.

[@Funnyapple-nt2qf]

@@octavianpopescu4776I mean it’s so easy to destroy a city only a table spoon of antimatter is needed instead of a nuclear bomb and it’s untraceable because everything in destroyed

[@brettpresta-valachovic3631]

Trust me, Chuck. You don't want us developing antimatter bombs. To put it in perspective, a hydrogen bomb only converts 0.7% of its mass into energy. Try to wrap your mind around how destructive a weapon would be if a 100% conversion of mass occurred. Luckily, antimatter is super, super, super expensive to create ($62.5 trillion per gram) and difficult to contain; so, it unlikely an antimatter bomb will ever be produced. Now to blow Neil's mind... It's been said that our Universe may be inside a giant black hole. Perhaps, that's where the matter went and the antimatter somehow headed away from the black hole.

[@BeatsAndGuitars]

Man I love these two together. I hope they continue to keep doing this show.

[@CheradenZakalwe]

that epiphany of why E=MC2 equation is so powerful was fantastic, I remember it well when it happened to me at school.

[@agoogleuser8492]

I dont know who the guy is who is always with Neil, but, what i do know is that he responds how i would expect myself to if caught offguard and stupidly high trying to discuss astrophysics

[@keithrange4457]

On a tee shirt of mine: You matter!!! Unless you multiply yourself by the speed of light squared... Then.. YOU ENERGY!!

[@TheAfterLifePodzKastTheAfterLi]

👑

[@lateefpou2986]

I need that shirt my favorite book is equals mc squared the history of the equation

[@Deescizzle]

I'd totally wear this!!!

[@iu2]

Matter is energy that has mass. Everything is energy. Mass is just a property of energy.

[@keithrange4457]

Google search "geek shirt you matter you energy". Several examples pop up

[@psypsy751]

I hope we never find an antimatter Universe so Chuck never gets annihilated by Lord Mean

[@LIGO-LHC]

Nice.😉

[@mosquitobight]

Since Lord Nice already has a beard, would Lord Mean be cleanshaven?

[@javiersolis2993]

Lmfao

[@isidorenwaiwu2793]

More like Peasant Mean

[@natronmeans6264]

Or by the Anti-Monitor 🤯

[@bikkies]

From my rudimentary smattering of research, I'm moderately sure that I've not only been in contact with antimatter, but it indirectly saved my life. Around 2000 I had a PET scan and this was the first scan technology that was able to clinically confirm the presence of cancer. All other imaging and bloodwork prior to that point had not detected it. This led to a regimen of chemotherapy and I'm still around 24 years later to write about it. I've tried several times to learn how PET scans work, but the furthest I've been able to take my knowledge thus far is that I was injected with a radioisotope attached to a carrier, from which positrons were emitted (as in Positron Emission Tomography), all happening within my body. It was still a fairly new technology in my area of the UK at that time, and it's doubtless become more sophisticated since, but I've long wondered about the mechanics of how and why it works.

[@kimjohnson4278]

I had a PET scan in 2020 and it confirmed that I had a melanoma on my left arm. I had to google PET scan to learn what it is. I would recommend that you do the same. Very interesting. P.S. The melanoma was successfully removed.

[@OverlyOpinionated919]

@@bikkies you have been in contact with antimatter if you a had a PET (positron emission tomography) scan. During a PET scan, they inject a radioactive tracer that contains positrons (the antimatter equivalent of electrons) into your body. When those positrons come into contact with the electrons in the atoms within your body, they annihilate and emit a photon (light). That light is much more energetic than visible light and essentially passes right through your body, similar to how gamma ray radiation penetrates your body. Doctor's can detect those gamma rays with a scanner, allowing them to essentially non-invasively map out things going on within your body. So yes you definitely did come in contact with antimatter, and it probably did save, or at least extend, your life.

[@bikkies]

@@kimjohnson4278 Glad to hear of your success. In my case, the PET was only used at the diagnosis phase. The scanning aspects of my subsequent monitoring and staging went back to CT and MRI, supplemented by bloods and biopsies. My takeaway from this was that - unless they just struck lucky - a PET would appear to be potentially very sensitive. I've spent quite a bit of time, mainly on Wikipedia, trying to understand the process by which PET scans operate, but I lack the book smarts to fully grasp the subject so far. It's a work in progress.

[@logic_rules]

Tell that science , Covid,evolution denier people who believe social media then doctor. 😊 They should not have any PET scans because those doctor are putting microchips in them.😅

[@timharig]

PET scans are really simple. Cancers grow faster than surrounding tissue. To do that, they need to metabolize more glucose than the surrounding tissue. That is too get bigger they need to eat more -- just like you do. PET scans exploit that fact by adding isotopically marked glucose (actually its fluorodeoxyglucose with an unstable F-18 atom that beta+ decays into O-18 with a half-life of 110 minutes) into your blood. The positron that is emitted when it decays can be detected from outside of the body. So after the marked glucose has had time to be absorbed by your tissues, you can use the positron emissions to map how the glucose has been distributed through your body. Areas with high positron emissions indicate areas that have metabolized lots of the glucose. If an area of the body is metabolizing more of the glucose tracer than other tissues of the same type, then it is likely to be a growing cancer. PET scans have also been used extensively in cognitive research to map what areas of the brain are being used for different kinds of cognition. Thinking also uses energy so brain centers that are in active use metabolize more glucose than those that are idle.

[@FireFlyMaxx]

I love that after all these years, Neil still loves explaining how the universe works, and Chuck still has the curiosity for the things that are mind blowing. 🤯❤️😉 Thank you both for the never ending love and energy you both give😄

[@Harshit-z5g]

He literally explained in simplest way possible ✨

[@TheGiggleMasterP]

If all the antimatter went in one direction it's possible all the matter went in the other and we just exist peacefully in separate sides of the universe

[@ross4814]

Like beyond the cosmic horizon?

[@chrism3784]

yeah, it did mention a particle moving backwards in time

[@ΔΔΙΓ]

we would have seen something directional in the universe if that was true

[@rex6rocks]

Yea beyond the observable universe. It's been drifting away from us since the early universe as they said. And conservation of momentum that means it's going exactly opposite to us and both moving at the same speed. ​@@ross4814

[@ross4814]

@@ΔΔΙΓ I'm referring to the fact that the universe has already expanded beyond the point to which we could reach all of it, leaving a sort of horizon that we could never pass since we would have to travel beyond the speed of light.

[@AustinOuellette-vr1vp]

Never trust anyone who never says "I don't know." I always love it when scientists say "We don't know" and "We have no idea." Because THAT is a person who actually does understand reality. For all that humans have collectively learned for thousands of years, there is probably infinitely more that we do NOT know. Always remember, admitting that you don't know something isn't a sign of weakness.

[@dinozzotony1701]

" admitting that you don't know something isn't a sign of weakness." no.... id argue it's a sign of strength if nothing else.

[@cutecats532]

That's why it always annoyed me when scientists say science is truth. No. Truth is someone's perception and our perception can change.

[@AustinOuellette-vr1vp]

@@cutecats532 Scientists don't deal in truth. Scientists deal in facts. If someone is selling you "truth" then that's not a scientist, they're a salesman.

[@jamesmcclaren9759]

@@AustinOuellette-vr1vp they don’t deal in facts only. They deal in theories. Hypothesis. Tons of presumption. Agendas, reigning narratives even. Bias’s that seek to overtake alternate or opposing, possibly more factual facts all the time

[@redmed10]

Saying i dont know will not make you any money.

[@chhem]

I never get tired of Chuck

[@oneblach]

I started watching you guys during the pandemic and I can't get used seeing you both in one room. I prefer the previous format more.

[@bretlagasse3560]

The more I think about it, the more I think it's not just about finding the answers, it's about the process and journey of finding answers.

[@TimThompson05]

Exactly

[@nickschmidt454]

You guys are so good as co-host. Chuck seems pretty smart but watching him try to understand what is being said, and then seeing his "ah ha" moment is priceless

[@sportdude658]

Fact that every time Chuck says crazy is when he understands something, just like us

[@paulo.8899]

Except that he's starting to understand stuff we don't. We're getting left behind in a fog of stupidity

[@shivamanand5459]

9:57 That's why chuck is essential for this show . To make science learning fun. ❤😂

[@Billu_saanda-u7u]

Found ya

[@shawnshepherd98]

I love watching these two. It never ceases to amaze me how far science goes formulate these outlandish ideas about how the universe was created all because they dont want to believe in an intelligent creator.

[@zephyrias]

This very much gives an explanation of how it was done from said intelligent creator. A world of light, an electron and positron moving in opposite’s directions of time. 😂 gives me ideas for a novel.

[@shellsel]

Shawn, those two things are not mutually exclusive though. Sounds to me like this "intelligent creator" is the single matter (opposite to its anti-matter) from which our known universe came to be made of (that ONE matter). This single matter particle is like "God" in our universe. The theory expanded might say in turn there should be an "anti-God" in the anti-matter filled universe. Whether there is any intelligence to it is hard to say as through randomness things will eventually form. Musings and curiosity unto these things matter 😊

[@TimiSterr]

In a world where so much has happened to physics in the last 100 years - Einstein's special relativity, quantum physics, black holes, discovering antimatter, dark matter, dark energy, proving the Big Bang theory, discovering other galaxies exsist, proving the universe's expansion, landing on the moon, and so-so-so much more... We need to deal with flat-earthers... This is what's truly mind-blowing to me. I'm sure one day I'll be able understand quantum physics and the origin of our universe. I'll never understand people who think we live on a disk.

[@shmootube5000]

chuck attempting to understand was like unintentional comedic genius. the thing about chuck that’s great, aside from all the obvious, is if neil can explain a thing to chuck, that means he’s explained it well enough. he’s the perfect average-listener test.

[@Kevin-rk4qu]

Given that matter and antimatter should have been produced in equal quantities during the early universe, is it possible that the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry could be due not to an intrinsic imbalance, but rather to a scenario where matter and antimatter particles were blasted apart by early energetic events (such as inflation or particle interactions) and are now separated on opposite ends of the universe, thus preventing their annihilation? If so, what mechanisms would prevent their eventual recombination over time?

[@sukisuki9120]

Nothing, like papers said our universe is expanding more slowly,when it completely stops then anti matter is gona push in and anhilation will begin all over again , think of it like sphere inside of a sphere, the outside sphere is antimatter that was pushed at start, and our universe is inside it, engulfed, so naturally if the energy is so wast then it's not unreasonable that remains of that energy still push our universe to expand but when that energy is gone then anti matter is gona go back to it's counterparts and just swallow our universe and everything will begin once again

[@sukisuki9120]

So we know there is that 1 particle that started it, and i suspect black holes are of antimatter and when you see black hole coliding with positron star then there goes an anhilation of both, not just one, and a lot of energy is released..But if we come again to anhilation of whole universe, universe has an edge now for that 1 particle that started it all so all life must begin new no matter what happens now, before it was question of chance

[@jankobenger9128]

I've seen a lot of YT videos on this topic, but this is by far the best explained and most entertaining one.

[@pathutchison7688]

This show is absolutely amazing. Tyson is, of course, the main reason, but his cohost adds so much to the equation. Incredible.

[@midoribushi5331]

I love Chuck for his perfect comedic timing and willingness to learn. Also, Neil, get ready to give this man a PHD! These two together is a force to be reckon with not to mention, they make learning fun. It inspires me to keep on learning!

[@Optinix-gz1qg]

3:36 Lord Chuckenheimer was born

[@FishareFriendsNotFood972]

I love the banter of this duo, it makes me feel like I'm smart enough to hang out

[@alifresh_3520]

"we need to figure out an anti-matter bomb" Lord Nice really let his intrusive thoughts win 😂

[@seansimms6693]

🤣you don’t need to make an anti matter bomb…just anti matter🫵🏾

[@DeadInside-ew8qb]

Antimatter delivery system/generator

[@baileym4708]

Chuck Nice has gotten so much faster understanding this stuff from when he first began. Awesome. I knew more than Chuck Nice before but now we are about the same in our ability to absorb this content. The more the faster we all will be at it...just practice!

[@daiakunin]

I love that even after all these years Chuck can still share in the audience's experience of having our minds blown. Great stuff!

[@Habesha-JO3]

Sometimes, it feels like: "the only consistency about science is that it is consistently-inconsistent 🤯 " Thanks, Neil, for blowing my mind-up as always 👍

[@samilluminated]

Not to get political but I'm pro-matter.

[@jfree111]

Matter Lives Matter!

[@dickersonart]

😂

[@dickersonart]

Now all the physics geeks are gonna get shirts.😂

[@msawenkosintshangase3724]

Me too

[@CyrusWinfield]

😆😆😆

[@kristianbailes2974]

I love Mr. Tyson not only because of how knowledgeable and smart he is but because of how he presents information and arguments. I know he didn’t discover these concepts himself, but the way he explains them is so interesting that it almost seems like he discovered things such as antimatter himself.

[@sophiareese79]

Your formatting is getting a lot better i like the focus on science then the jokes increasing with timebut not being too overwhelming

[@anothersquid]

One of my favourite labs in undergrad physics was taking a gamma ray source and watching photons transform into electron/positron pairs, and then annihilate back into a photon.

[@kathandty]

Where did you go to school? My son wants to do this!

[@anothersquid]

@@kathandty It was a 3rd year or 4th year (4th year I think) undergrad lab at a military university.

[@sancocho1718]

Bob Ross painting the universe into existence: "There are no mistakes, only happy little accidents!"

[@dahur]

He explained the way he and Barry think the craft's reactor works. In the bottom of the reactor is a miniature cycletron particle accelerator. It bombards the 115, plugging a proton into the nucleus and transmuting it to 116. It decays almost instantly back to 115, and in the process releases some anti-matter and gravitational waves. The gravity waves are amplified up and run through the three emitters to move the craft. The anti-matter goes up a tuned tube and reacts with a gas and annihilates at 100% (in admitted violation), conversion to heat. This heat runs a thermal conductor to generate electricity which powers the systems and sub systems on the craft. Apparently, a tiny, tiny bit of anti-matter, when coming in contact with matter, releases quite a large amount of energy.

[@Mateenkhan5643-u5l]

What the f*ck are u can you explain what are u saying

[@t-ho76]

Sitting down over a beer with these two to just talk about anything is on my bucket list

[@Clairelyhereforveganburgers]

This is one of the best videos I've seen in my life. Genuinely, thank you.

[@isatousarr7044]

Antimatter is one of the most fascinating discoveries in modern physics, offering a glimpse into the fundamental symmetries of our universe. The fact that antimatter particles mirror regular matter yet annihilate upon contact raises profound questions about the origins of the universe and why there is an imbalance between matter and antimatter. What are the latest advancements in antimatter research, and how are scientists planning to harness it for practical applications, such as energy generation or medical treatments?

[@cci9459]

I was about to go to sleep as its 00:08 in Romania. But I guess sleep can wait 15 more minutes :D

[@martinnaydenov6684]

Bulgaria here

[@elgadz]

Finland here, 0.34, sleep gotta wait for 15 minutes😂😂

[@ladiesman2048]

...aaand now there is new PBS spacetime video

[@fullmetaltheorist]

It's 23:45 in South Africa I have insomnia

[@krd1st]

00:51 here in Ukraine. Same

[@franklyforked3270]

Between this and pbs space time you will actually learn a lot about physics and quantum physics. You still wouldn’t understand one of their formulas but it really does work to educate those willing to learn

[@maria-margaritabravo8331]

Love how you make it easy to understand. I will share. Thank you and regards from Québec ✌️

[@keithmofley8275]

This show is quickly becoming one of my favorites

[@azathothwakesup]

Chuck's tattoo is freakin awesome, omg!!

[@leafy5432]

I can't see it very well, what is it?

[@dudeiplayhockey]

This comment is an anti-joke

[@dirtyenergywar7029]

It doesn't matter

[@WubbyPunch]

Not really. An anti-joke is a joke wearing the mask of not being a joke. This is simply not a joke.

[@Jenjak]

Does an anti joke make you cry or laugh inward ?

[@davidtran9455]

if i put a joke here would they annihilate each other

[@andymiller3366]

Knock knock. who's there? Bro why did you lock the door? That's an anti joke? Idk I don't get it.

[@byronwatkins2565]

More specifically, a photon that is visible in our reference frame cannot create a particle/anti-particle pair stationary in our reference frame; however, in a reference frame moving VERY fast toward the photon's source, that photon CAN create a particle/anti-particle pair... Also, electrons interact with the weak nuclear force, so it is necessary to interact with a neutrino/anti-neutrino pair to "spontaneously create an electron/positron pair." Of course, the created neutrinos might annihilate immediately after the pair is produced... or the photon might interact with and bind to existing neutrinos removing them from the background field.

[@ZenRyoku]

enter "quantum entanglement"

[@akdas27]

Einstein's second greatest contribution: he said that when he was cooking soup and also wanted a soft-boiled egg, he would add the egg to the soup and thereby have one less pot to wash

[@AndreAndre-lm4pj]

These 2 have made me interested in science. I just wish my teacher was like this

[@kahmra]

POV : If science and comedy had a conversation

[@bkbland1626]

And science thinks it's funnier than it is.

[@heyykenn9099]

thats basically what neil envisioned this talk to be. when science and pop culture collide

[@morbidmanmusic]

bkbland1626 Aren't you snarky and not funny?!!

[@josephmueller8001]

At at 8:00 Neil talks about the soup of positive and negative particles, but earlier described that the positrons and electrons go off in different directions to make the net momentum 0. What would happen if a positron were to collide with an electron that it is not paired with? Wouldn't that create a net positive/negative momentum vector?

[@sukisuki9120]

I suspect that bursting of energy would send off other other pairs of positron and electron to different trajectories of space, but everything in that anti matter particle should be a reverse of our world, so if there is a universe out there of anti matter it's dark, without light, it doesn't have stars because there is no heat, it's cold, and everything flows in reverse, it's like shadow without a person..I belive that our whole universe is surrounded with anti matter and that is considered the edge of whole universe.. If you consider it well explosion is always round if the particle is round, so our spherical universe is engulfed into sphere of dark matter, a sphere inside of sphere we just don't see it because there is no way to see it because it absorbs light particles

[@paulmillcamp]

​@@sukisuki9120actually, antimatter interacts with light and other electromagnetic forces exactly the same as regular matter does. Maybe you're thinking of so-called dark matter, which does not interact with light, but has nothing to do with antimatter. In theory, this means that if there would have been an abundance of antimatter at the start of the universe, an entire antimatter universe could exist. Complete with galaxies, stars, light, heat and potentially us humans. All matter would just be the opposite polarity of what we're used to now. Electrons would be positively charged, and its antimatter particle might be called a negatron. Also, there could be localized pockets of antimatter in our current universe, meaning that some stars in our galaxy might be antistars. Or maybe there are entire galaxies made of antimatter.

[@zualapips1638]

​@paulmillcamp but when we have a particle created, it has to go in opposite directions. Why can't we assume that the massive amount of energy that created all the matter, had to have gone in opposite directions?

[@darkseraph2009]

Nope, because the net momentum of the annihilating particles would determine the momentum of the created photon.

[@snarkybark]

​@@sukisuki9120huh... Do we know how gravity applies to antimatter? If anti matter were on the outside, but the same rules of gravity apply (which is somewhat counterintuitive because it would mean that antimatter has mass not anti-mass), that could explain universe expansion acceleration

[@chrism3784]

You started off saying that an antiparticle goes backwards in time? Maybe when the universe formed during the big bang and matter and antimatter was bring created, the antimatter immediately went backwards in time, the 4th dimension, and the matter went forwards separating and they never found each other, hence the matter universe going forwards in time we live in.

[@billionsandbillionsofstars]

That’s an interesting way of looking at it. 🤔

[@TonySchiavone6]

backwards time, fifth dimension. time stop, sixth dimension. thats how i look at it.

[@billionsandbillionsofstars]

@@TonySchiavone6 Wait, explain it again.

[@TonySchiavone6]

@@billionsandbillionsofstars time going forward is a dimension. When it travels backwards, its another one. When it stops totally its a sixth dimension. Just like we have left right, up down, and depth being our everyday dimensions. Black holes allow for time stopping at least to the observer. Black/white holes allow for time moving backwards(which might be forward because we are going backwards). Just because we can't survive it doesn't mean it can't exist. 6 total dimensions just right there. Doesn't include the higher dimension that allows our 3 dimensions to exist in.

[@billionsandbillionsofstars]

@@TonySchiavone6 I see what you’re saying…it’s interesting. 🧐

[@TimiSterr]

I love how when I have a topic in mind I want to listen about, there is a Neil deGrasse Tyson video that explains it

[@triggabun]

Neil is the only voice of reason in my life. When things go haywire I come back to be set right.

[@MeelaudBoozary]

HAHAHA "Oh man we need to figure out an antimatter bomb" "That was not the point.... "

[@kg4wwn]

in a fusion reaction about 0.65 percent of the matter becomes energy. In an antimatter bomb, that reacts with ambient matter, 200% of mass (100 percent of the mass of the bomb, PLUS 100% of the bomb's mass worth of ambient matter) becomes energy. If my math is right, that means an antimatter bomb would be 31,250 times as powerful as a pure fusion bomb of the same mass. Alternately, you could get the same destructive power out of a bomb with 1/31250 the mass of current weapons. We are talking tactical weapons with reaction antimatter the weight of a grain of rice.

[@dumaskhan]

you know that's the first thing we will make when we do figure it out right?

[@andreab.1943]

Several years ago there was the movie Illuminati with Tom Hanks (novel by Dan Brown) showing us the Hollywood version of an Antimatter bomb explosion, right above Vatikan city. In the end the brave one destroying the bomb was the villain just pretending to be the hero. Cool movie.

[@EdwardCooler-py6mu]

We need to figure out controlled matter/antimatter reactions, then figure out warp drive.

[@Dillan-Moore]

This is the most popular podcast in the future

[@meterfeeder]

"How you gonna have an anti-neutral particle?" -- This is the question that got me kicked out of Physics class. Apparently, because I was "being smart". Thank you Chuck!

[@ZenRyoku]

my best guess would be it would be inverse neutral properties....

[@gcewing]

It's not just electric charge that's opposite in an antiparticle, it's all the quantum numbers. For example, there's a conserved quantity called "lepton number", leptons being the light particles such as electrons and neutrinos. A neutrino has a lepton number of 1, an antineutrino has a lepton number of -1, so neutrinos and antineutrinos are different particles, despite them both being neutral and not being made up of anything else.

[@meterfeeder]

@@gcewing Mr. Masters decided to kick me out of class, instead of just saying what you said. 🤣

[@ZenRyoku]

@@meterfeeder ....the true mind.... ...can weather all the lies and illusions without being lost.... .... the true heart can tough the poison of hatred without being lost.... ....since beginingless time.... ... darkness thrives in the void.... ...but always yields.... ....to purifying light..... kzbin.info/www/bejne/kGOqo42Vd8Sto5Yfeature=shared

[@alexcollins3086]

​@@meterfeeder proof or it didn't happen

[@Banefane]

I love your conversation, it's so insightful and entertaining and exciting to listen to!

[@MeghanaKuppinakereMutt]

I usually understand everything that Neil explains. He is literally a genius when simplifying complex things. But this video still went over my head. Am I the only one?? 😢

[@bl4bb3rm0uth]

I got the end but not the rest lol

[@bl4bb3rm0uth]

I got the end but not the rest lol

[@gipadonimus]

This means that life could theoretically evolve in antimatter and that's so interesting to me. I don't fully comprehend just how different they'd perceive and exist in the world, however it's interesting to think their light spectrum (among many things) would be reversed. They'd see red as green and vice-versa.

[@zualapips1638]

We are anti-matter life for beings who would have evolved in what we call anti- matter

[@CheeseWyrm]

Interesting ... Please elaborate on why you think the light spectrum would be reversed. Given that Photons are their own anti-particles, I'm thinking that in Anti-Universe AntiPhotons are Photons. Also interesting is that electricity in Anti-Universe is the flow of charge carried by Positrons. We could coin the term "Positricity", but it's not necessary as Anti-electricity acts identically to electricity.

[@gipadonimus]

@@CheeseWyrm Upon rethinking this I made an assumption here based off limited information. I was thinking about the reversed charges before, but the spectral lines are determined by energy level transitions, not absolute charge values. Basically I made a huge oversight lol, thank you though, because you made me rethink it.

[@MarkWinn-rl1nk]

Oo my god it's about time ❤. Lincolnshire, UK

[@shakesrear7850]

Liverpool

[@jette24]

did he just explain star trek replicators?

[@HairyButWhole]

I don't think we have no idea what we are dealing with but the journey of understanding and learning stuff just so cool. Learn more thing just to disprove stuff we though we knew. I doubt human as specie will survive long enough or have the capacity to figure out the universe and all other possible stuff we discover.

[@gregdodd5305]

Hi, I love the podcasts. You make the difficult explanations seem simple enough for all of us to understand. Can I ask why nobody is talking about Oumuamua returning and us not sending a satellite to sit on it and record to hitch a ride out into the unknown? It would mean no problems for propulsion through space, and could I am sure send some very interesting information back to earth as it went on its journey? Thanks, and keep up the great work.

[@Anmol_pp]

11:01 it would be so funny if they both touched each other and vanished turning into light

[@based_mouse]

underrated comment

[@katie_cant_compute]

Giggling😂😭☺️

[@ukaszpochocki190]

I know one thing. Avoid collisions with antimatter vehicles at all costs. There may be a problem with insurance later.

[@CheeseWyrm]

I can't avoid it! If an Anti-Bugatti enters my road network, we cannot avoid each other, and are deterministically bound to have a head on and co-annihilate. My poor Bugatti Veyron! Lucky I took out an Event Horizon anti-matter policy ;)

[@zacksingleton2419]

For everyone that watches these videos but doesn't understand any of it... join the club.

[@jamesonpace726]

S'ok, it doesn't matter. (sound of nervous laughter)

[@RossBylsma]

lol I get about 4% of what they are saying.

[@JohnClark-to7vw]

Gracias Neil y Chuck por traer siempre información sobre nuestras curiosidades

[@r1konTheAutomator]

I would literally give anything to be sitting in a room where they are recording one of these and I can just listen and and interject every now and again. ANYTHING.

[@rahulpisharody93]

Neil DeGrass Tyson should start writing for movies.

[@DrGangrel38]

What’s the anti Higgs boson particle?

[@NealBurkard-ut1oo]

The devil particle

[@Mr.Mr.E]

​@@NealBurkard-ut1oo😅

[@Pjotrpost]

That’s what the aliens use to defy gravity in their flying saucers 🛸

[@rdspam]

Anti-Higgs particles may have existed in the early universe but were likely annihilated in the same asymmetric process, a Higgsogenesis process analogous to baryogenesis, leaving only Higgs particles. All theoretically, and not understood, of course.

[@j.a.weishaupt1748]

The Higgs boson particle isn’t a particle. It’s a boson.

[@KevFrost]

Came here to find out about Auntie Matters. V disappointed.

[@BullitCake]

Chuck is looking built. Bros been working on both mind and body

[@levaithan325]

What if we’re the anti-matter universe?

[@GoldenRJL123]

We are in the universe where the electron is negative so we probably are lol.

[@CheeseWyrm]

It's all relativistic ;)

[@snarkybark]

Fine, you can be universe A, we'll be universe 1.

[@byrdgang-ov3ym]

Bro has no idea what gang is talking about😂😂

[@paulo.8899]

We're all el-stupidos on this blessed day 🙌🏼

[@Solriser]

As a fan of your channel I can actually appreciate this episode breath taking content that feeds my mind thank you

[@Hiphiphooray490]

Going to see Neil live in April 2025. Very excited! Thanks Susan!!

[@kirandeepchakraborty7921]

One of the most genuinely interesting and profoundly engaging video. ❤

[@christyshultz6443]

Ah I finally get that equation 51 years old and you learn something everyday. Thank you...❤ Quantum mechanics.

[@melsop54]

Whoever said this stuff is for nerds is crazy. This is some mind bending, amazing stuff to hear. Feels like you are discussing some sci-fi fantasy stuff, but it's actual reality around us hahahahah!

[@Empowro.Wolf.StudentMaster]

“Well say that again “ chuck you and me both exact reaction Brodie bro

[@IamJRJones]

This video thoughts always have growing up. Everything is everything and nothing at the same time.

[@erdrickk]

Upside Down is an interesting Sci Fi + Love story / Romeo and Juliet-ish style movie that touches on this, not to this extent in terms of deep dive science but it's basically two people from opposite worlds and if one person touches matter from the other world, it starts to get hot and burns them. They have opposite gravity and all sorts of fun concepts. Matter / Anti Matter, Ying Yang, Two opposite people who would normally never associate but love brings them together. Maybe Matter / Antimatter just needs a little love :) :P :P

[@snm-u4e]

I have a question, in the matter antimatter cancellation you said in very rare occasions sometimes matter remains (unknown why) . Does this not imply that at the end Energy/Matter was created from nothing as we understand it??

[@cutecats532]

It's really weird that there being nothing and then light reminds me of the bible story. Makes me wonder if that's a coincidence or if ancient civilizations knew something about this before it was lost to time or reduced to a story.

[@naveenks86]

I am ‘charged up’ after this conversation 😁

[@matthewdelaney6826]

But sadly, the anti-you is charged down!

[@sudhakarmohan4259]

Great Conversation. Such profound knowledge in such a light(no pun intended) way.

[@viniciusdelimaalvim2670]

Once again, you two are a joy to watch! ^^

[@user-ck3si7xh7z]

I first learned about Anti-matter from Dan Brown's novel, Angels and Demons and I've been intrigued by the topic ever since.

[@zer0nix]

I just have to stop to say, that is an amazing shirt, Neil! And now I can continue...

[@SB-131]

I have heard of this guy but never wathched/listened to him bc i figured i would be just too dumb to get anything but he is really entertaining I see why he is so popular

[@icekingsbattlefield9805]

Mhhh best explainer so far and I've been ignoring it for 5 days 😂😂

[@kubek]

How did you observe and conclude that THIS particular particle is traveling back in time? That's the part I don't uderstand. How do you observe someone going back in time? Object going backwards just like in movie "Tenant"? A movie which I don't quite understand really.

[@sicilianmammalian]

I wrote a paper in college chemistry about the practical applications of antimatter over a decade ago, some of them include curing cancer(eradicating cancer cells with a anti matter shower), fueling space ships etc. My teacher was like you're hundreds of years ahead of your time

[@visionentertainment8006]

you gonna end up eradicating more than just cancer cells

[@nayanendumisra6764]

Their presentation of a serious subject like Science with humour is really interesting. ❤🎉😂