Statistically Testing Validity of a questionnaire Using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. (Part 1)

[@taktla]

Simple and understandable explanation. Great teacher.

[@motivationneeds2940]

Your explanation to validate all the items of a questionnaire is really communicable in a very easy manner. Appreciate your CLEAR CONCEPTS as well as your COMMUNICATION SKILLS.

[@adilzia]

Its great that you liked the explanation.

[@boscoperianayagam9235]

Thank you for explaining understandably regarding the statistically testing validity of a questionnaire.

[@oumayamaickel619]

Thank you so much for the content it is helping a lot of students around the world your work is much appreciated

[@taimoorahmad9402]

Hi sir, good explanation. how can we make the table of critical values??

[@shellygupta4250]

Thank you for this helpful video! Please guide me on how to handle negative statements while checking the validity and If we have 5 factors in a single construct then how to check the validity and how to report it.

[@grama3383]

This is very clear and very helpful. Thanking you. Appreciated. Great job.

[@walaaaedh4536]

والله اني صبرت عليك صبر عظيم 😩🤍

[@siewyiing2031]

Hi Dr. Adil May I know what type of validity for this statistical test that you are showing? Construct validity, criterion validity or content validity?

[@adilzia]

This is Convergent validity. the other methods are the Rho and AVE calculations. I hope this answers your question.

[@mhanis0803]

how about the Cronbach alpha to test the validity of the test?

[@denyz2430]

what is the method of validity test at 02:10 called? I can't find any academic article that use this method to test validity. Can you give me the source?

[@adilzia]

There are a lot of references you can search on Google scholars relevant to your context. the one I am sharing for your convenience is doi.org/10.1177/1460458220975

[@denyz2430]

​@@adilzia Hi, I tried to open the link, but it says "DOI Not Found". Thank you for your reply tho

[@adilzia]

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35118967/

[@David_v110]

I understand there are different types of validity. Which type have you tested with this approach?

[@K.Lachini]

statistical

[@shivanidharia]

What if the obtained value is not greater than critical value?? Still can we use pearson correaltion??

[@adilzia]

You need to listen to the video again carefully to get the answer.

[@aakankshasaxena9324]

Thanks, sir, I have learned a lot from your video, But I have a query. I have five different variables My sample size is 50 for pilot testing. The df is 50-2=48, I have computed the value at 0.2787. Is that correct? In my spss output table, it reflects two asterisk signs in the total column(**), and at the end of the table the footnote is ** correlation is significant at the 0.01 level(2- tailed)

[@robinsingh732]

Thank you very much, Dr Zia, It was really simple to understand.

[@adilzia]

Glad to hear that

[@sashamatope8578]

Thank you Dr Adil Zia, just one question if this approach can be used for a large sample of say 500 respondents?

[@adilzia]

yes, u can. but now there are more advanced techniques to check the reliability and validity of the scale. u can check my other videos for that.

[@Marvan123]

thanks for this valuable video it helped me a lot, please keep uploading a video regarding how to assess the reliability of the questionnaire as well thank you

[@adilzia]

Sure I will upload more such videos. These days I am busy with a project. Till that time you can read my latest publication www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJQRM-09-2021-0335/full/html

[@chittuchittu4300]

Is this should be used for each individual items (question) and under what type of validity this comes under?

[@adilzia]

yes item wise. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35118967/ check this paper for details.

[@shamsmukhtar1591]

Dear Sir, it is really a nice explanation, i am a research scholar. How can I get this exact this table for df

[@adilzia]

dear @shamsmukhtar1591, U can listen to this video again to understand the concept of DF. I have explained this here. good luck.

[@wajeehaalam5849]

1st time I understood statistics so easily!😂💐♥️

[@beritahu1139]

Dear Dr.Zia, i would like to ask..what happen if there is low and even negative correlation. I read that it's still possible the questionaire still valid even the correlation is low or negative since it has a negative correlation ? please help

[@adilzia]

U have to search the context of your research. In the literature review, u can solve this issue. It all depends upon ur methodology. what is ur objective and how u handle the discussion sections. if u can find some citations related to your research, all is good.

[@Kittenslife0099]

Very informational 👌

[@jordainrt7392]

Sir, may i ask.. where do i find the literature or reference that explain the same thing just like you did at the video ? About the convergent validity. It is hard to find, the literature that explain the same thing like you did. Thanks sir. So much appreciate.

[@adilzia]

you can search for reference papers on web of science or Scopus databases. good luck

[@jordainrt7392]

@@adilzia First of all, thank you so much sir for the respond. really fast respond. But still, i cant find any literature that do the same procedure as you did at the video. Would you recommend me some literature specifically explain about the same thing just like you did at the video sir? I would really appreciate it. Much love for you sir. Ur video did me so much help.

[@adilzia]

@@jordainrt7392 you can get some understanding by reading these articles link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13428-012-0289-7 journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Fulltext/2018/05000/Correlation_Coefficients__Appropriate_Use_and.50.aspx

[@jordainrt7392]

@@adilzia Oh my God. Thank you so much sir. I really appreciate the help that you gave. WISHING YOU & YOUR FAMILY A VERY HAPPY & HEALTHY LIFE. Amen. (Sorry sir if my english was broken)

[@ravjeetsinghdari9371]

Thank you so much for your video. It really helped me a lot in my dissertation for quantitative methodology and analysis.

[@vandanapriyadarshi4547]

Can we change the sample size? If the SPSS sheets record 100data and if I want to test 40. Is it possible to do?

[@adilzia]

yes it is possible.

[@vandanapriyadarshi4547]

@@adilzia sir plz do let me know how? Plz upload the video. I have to proceed with the final submission of thesis couldn't find the way of how to do.

[@culinarybasics7387]

Excellent Explanation Dr. Adil Zia. You made it clear to me within 8 minutes which my guide could not do it in 1 year. Sir, I have got a question to ask you, let's say if my obtained value is greater than critical value, but significance is more than .05, in this case, is that particular variable is valid?

[@adilzia]

If It is not valid first of all there is no question of significance level. First check the validity and then look for significant value.

[@aleenageorge630]

How we can make the critical value

[@adilzia]

There is a critical value table for reference

[@samritabhatta9353]

Hi Dr. Zia, thanks for the video. I have read the comments as well, but still i cannot find my critical value for 406 samples. I understood to N-2=404, but how can i calculate the ctirical value when 404 is not shown on the table?

[@adilzia]

The corresponding critical correlation value for a significance level of α=0.95, for a two-tailed test is 0.003

[@thiviatharshini6940]

Thanks for the sharing sir. How do we go about if we have negative items. Should I reverse code and then do the validity analysis? Please advice, thanks.

[@AyurvedaMaroc]

Hello, thank you again very clear, please how canwe get the critical value for a DF = 322? THANK YOU

[@waseemhameed3569]

hi what is this validity called? what type is this?

[@hajraqadeer3543]

Thanks.. Sir insightful video and easy to understand... I have a little query how you have calculated or from where critical pearson table was generated with which to compare SPSS correlation outputs? Thanks

[@adilzia]

I will make a video to calculate the critical value. for the time being, you can use the available critical value table.

[@weizhan4479]

Hi Dr. Zia, thanks for the video. I have read the comments as well, but still i cannot find my critical value for 204 samples. I understood to N-2=202, but how can i calculate the ctirical value when 202 is not shown on the table?

[@adilzia]

The corresponding critical correlation value for a significance level of alpha = 0.95, for a two-tailed test = 0.004. I will try to make a video for the calculation of critical value.

[@Learning_from_Afridi]

If not Valid means that calculated value less than tabulated value Then next step will be ? means whats effect will fall?

[@adilzia]

The next step will be to drop that item of the questionnaire and re-compute the validity after dropping that item. I hope this answers your question.

[@vivianwongshaoyun8664]

Hello, Good morning, Dr. Adil Zia. May I know what is the meaning of the result that I get for the significance value is more than 0.05, but Pearson's value based on the critical value table is acceptable? Can I consider this a valid questionnaire question or not?

[@nihadashraf1072]

Did u find the answer? Plz share

[@arvinpadilla7316]

Good day sir, I have a question. My sample size is 135. I want to know the critical value specified for it. However, the df is 135-2= 133 and there is no 133 in the table. How can I know the critical value? Can you suggest me a study regarding it? Or can you help me know what the critical value of 133 (2-tailed) is? I would really appreciate if you could help me with this. Thank you so much!

[@Hanivlogs6539]

Same issue , if u know plz let me know also

[@meltemyilmaz2539]

I would also appreciate if you could guide us on the same issue. My sample is 800 and I don't know where to find that comprehensive table.

[@rajivranjansingh3206]

Very well explained

[@dishachoudhary9261]

Very useful for me. Sir my significant value of two tailed test in total column is

[@adilzia]

yes, highly significant.

[@tanmayiswarnkar]

can you please share the critical values of pearson's correation coefficient ?

[@adilzia]

Kindly check the video at 2:22 minutes. the critical value calculation depends upon the sample size. It is explained in detail here. But still, if you face any problem then you can contact me. I hope this answers your question.

[@tanmayiswarnkar]

@@adilzia sir in our test we have a total of 47 items. these items are divided into three categories. and i have to find the validity of all parts and total items. the sample size is 50. first part contains 23 items, 2nd part 12 items and 3rd part 12 items. how do i find the reliability? and i am also confused about what number of parameters we have..

[@adilzia]

@@tanmayiswarnkar Surely i will make one video on testing the reliability using Cronbach Alpha very soon. For your case select all your items of the questionnaire and see the value. This is called composite reliability. Then select items of the question for each dimension or factor one by one. This will be called Construct reliability. All values should be more than 0.6. I hope this answers your question.

[@adilzia]

@@tanmayiswarnkar Surely i will make a video on testing the reliability using SPSS Software. first of all, select all the items of the questionnaire and see the value of Chronbach Alpha. This is called Composite Reliability. Then select the items of the questionnaire dimension wise and see the value. This is called Construct Reliability. All the values should be more than 0.6. I hope this answers your Query.

[@tanmayiswarnkar]

@@adilzia Thank You it really cleared up some of my doubts. Can you please tell me what should I do to find the validity. I have computed the reliability by keeping your suggestion. The result was great!!! It was 0.973.

[@surbhisharma4585]

Thank you for the video. I have a question what if some of your questions are insignificant is there any technique through which we can make them significant or what else we do??

[@adilzia]

Yes. if some of the items of the questionnaire are insignificant, you can drop them. if you increase the sample size you might get some more items as significant. there are other ways to test the validity of the questionnaire. see my other videos for that.

[@rodrigolopiga9358]

Hi! is it the convergent validity of the questionnaire per factor or for overall items in the questionnaire? Thank you

[@Elsonnewgate]

Same question here

[@bibliophile9350]

Sir, In case Sig Value of an item is

[@adilzia]

any value less than 0.05 is significant.

[@bibliophile9350]

@@adilzia wow!! JazakAllah sir. May Allah reward you in abundance. Your videos are very helpful.

[@maanga6312]

I did my validity using correlation analysis and my mentor wants me to have a justification (an article or book) that justifies my use of correlation analysis for validity testing,can you help me find one please?

[@hawk3858]

Aslamalikum sir, thank you so much for making these knowledgeable videos they help us a lot. sir i have a question that i am making a questionnaire by myself i have used Likert scale but after scoring i dont know what to do should i use composite of score and get the result or any other way

[@Khyrizaj43]

Hello. I have 5 independent variables and 1 dependent variable. Each variable has 5 items and a total of question 30. So my question, should I validate each of them based on construct or all in just how you did in the video. Thank you

[@adilzia6870]

There are different requirement of validity. You can check item wise as well as the construct level of validity. You have to justify your decision.

[@asishbiswas5470]

Very useful video Sir. I have a small question. What type of validity (content/criterion/construct validity) is measured for a questionnaire by Product Moment Pearson Correlation in SPSS?

[@adilzia]

It is construct validity

[@queensleaze1385]

Hello sir. Must you do the questionnaire validity testing based on data you collected from a pilot survey? Or is there no issue with checking for questionnaire validity based on data from your actual target participants?

[@adilzia]

See, you should go for pilot testing first and apply the EFA test, then u should go for CFA. But practically if u have already collected the data, u can select a small portion from the data and consider it as the pilot testing sample.

[@queensleaze1385]

@@adilzia Thank you sir. I greatly appreciate it.

[@Drkelvinagbakwuru]

Thank you sir for this helpful video. please, I want to ask, what if the DF is more than the DF available in the Critical Table, what am I to do? Secondly, am I to transform the variables based on each construct in the questionnaire or transform all the questions in the questionnaire together without paying attention to their different constructs, as you did in the video?

[@adilzia]

In majority of cases we Consider a questionnaire as one entity.?but it solely depends upon the researchers. Secondly for DF I have provided the detailed explanation. Kindly see it again.

[@watibiniandrew4073]

How do you get Critical Values for Pearson's Correlation Coefficient where the DF is more than 100 on the critical value table?

[@constantinana9959]

Thank you very much for the explanations. I am trying to validate a translated version of a questionnaire intended to measure the quality of life. How many respondents should I have? The questionnaire is designed for patients diagnosed with a certain disease. Is there a mathematical formula that I should use? Is there a minimum number of respondents accepted?

[@adilzia]

The basic thumb rule is to have a sample size 10 times the total number of questions. Otherwise there are other ways also to find out the sample size.

[@constantinana9959]

@@adilzia Thank you very much for your response. Is there an official formula for calculating this number? I must be able to explain the reasoning for my decision.

[@leonorapoe9218]

Hello Dr. Zla, my question is in validating a test questionnaire, are the respondents here the experts to the research topic or the respondents set for the study, like the students?

[@adilzia]

Dear @leonorapoe9218 this example is just for illustrative purposes. This is not real data.

[@ameenmaharzan9799]

Thank you. Could you guide me where can I can get the table for Critical values for pearsons' correlation coefficient.

[@adilzia]

Kindly check this website www.statisticssolutions.com/table-of-critical-values-pearson-correlation/

[@ILoveMandarin-]

Google it , u can find it

[@sustainable14122]

Google

[@md.golamkibria9397]

It's a very useful video. Thank you a lot for preparing it for us. When the calculated values for Pearson's correlation coefficient are greater than the critical values, the question/item is valid. Sir, could you please share relevant references with us?

[@adilzia]

There are a lot of references you can search on Google scholars relevant to your context. the one I am sharing for your convenience is doi.org/10.1177/1460458220975

[@md.golamkibria9397]

@@adilzia Thank you for sharing the reference. But I could not open the link. It would be highly appreciated if you could please share the once again.

[@md.golamkibria9397]

@@adilzia Thank you sir. But the link is not working.

[@adilzia]

@@md.golamkibria9397 Validity and reliability testing of the Indonesian version of the eHealth Literacy Scale during the COVID-19 pandemic. DOI: 10.1177/1460458220975466

[@md.golamkibria9397]

@@adilzia Thank you very much Sir. In the meantime, I also found a similar article. For the benefit of readers, I have added the article here. Translation validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the 5-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) (doi:10.5152/tud.2021.21185).

[@joelkeats7192]

Thank you for this video - I have tested my questions and found that one of the questions is not significant. It also has a correlation value that is below the critical value. Since the question is not valid - must I delete that question? Can I still retain that question? It is just one question out of 10 that I have. The other nine questions are all valid. What is your advise?

[@adilzia]

Yes, you can include that question also in the questionnaire but you have to justify the inclusion in the questionnaire. You have to present the supporting literature for a lower value than the critical value.

[@joelkeats7192]

@@adilzia Thank you for your invaluable feedback.

[@OMC1095]

Good evening sir, do we have to include demographic questions also in total questions

[@adilzia]

No we don’t

[@ashakidoredr.latinamerican1082]

@drZla Is there a scholarly source I can use to support my use if this test? Thanks in advance.

[@nazialalji3364]

do you have a video that shows construct validity?

[@adilzia]

kindly see the validity video in the playlist.

[@monalizajoymallillin3498]

Hi, what will happen to the items that are lower than the critical value? Will it be removed from the questionnaire?

[@adilzia]

yes

[@bunnypinkoo5566]

Hello Sir! This is a great video. However, my sample size is 114, which makes the DF 112. Although I could not find the value in the critical value table. How can I calculate this? Thank you.

[@adilzia]

when n = 114, the Number of Degrees of Freedom is 112. The corresponding critical correlation value for a significance level of α=0.95, for a two-tailed test is 0.006

[@rufolabarrete3665]

Good pm. What is the specific statistic tool use to analyze criterion and construct validity?

[@adilzia]

I have made a video on your topic. Kindly check that.

[@pallavisharma524]

sir very helpful video. sir, I want to know what is the critical value for Df 254 as my sample size is 256

[@adilzia]

The corresponding critical correlation value for a significance level of α=0.95, for a two-tailed test is 0.004.

[@pallavisharma524]

Thankyou sir Sir but I've searched the table for values. The table has only 250 and 300 values : 250 =0.1236 and 300 = 0.1128. Sir, the critical value should lie between this value. Sir please correct me if I am wrong or not.

[@adilzia]

for more clarity kindly read this real-statistics.com/correlation/one-sample-hypothesis-testing-correlation/correlation-testing-via-t-test/ @@pallavisharma524

[@devbandhupoudel5473]

Will you explain about testing of criteria-related validity of a test?

[@adilzia]

Observe that in this case, the null hypothesis is rejected if ∣r∣>rc

[@asifhaider8542]

Sir, it's good to learn, I want to know what is the critical value for DF=118?

[@adilzia]

Number of Degrees of Freedom (df) = 116; The corresponding critical correlation value is 0.006.

[@asifhaider8542]

@@adilzia Sir df is 118 not 116. 2ndly if I want to cite it, from where I can check the critical value for 118 to cite?

[@adilzia]

@@asifhaider8542 yes for df 118 the critical value is the same as 0.006 I will share the reference later or u can search for it on google scholars

[@SurSangeet15]

Hello Sir. Thank you for your video. I have a data with 110 participants. Thus, the df is 108. How can I check the critical value for this? I am not getting it in the table. Please reply

[@adilzia]

for a sample of 110, DF is 108. The corresponding critical correlation value for a significance level of α=0.95, for a two-tailed test, is 0.006.

[@beshooos8351]

Thank u .. but , is this way we can test validity for all type of questioner, likrt scale, test questioneer?? Plz help me

[@adilzia]

This is one of the ways. U can decide based on the variables and the model u are using.

[@Ha99-rb2uw]

Sir if there are 27 questions of different variable then how to check validity?

[@adilzia]

Kindly elaborate your query. What type of variables are you talking about?

[@sr.bvc.j]

Good afternoon Sir. May I know where could I get the Pearson's table that you've used in this video?

[@adilzia]

Dear student, this table is freely available on google search. just search the Pearson correlation critical value table.

[@gangaiahchevuri8220]

Sir..how can we get critical value?

[@Josephchomba88]

How did you come up with the critical value table?, can it be generated with spas?

[@adilzia]

The critical value table is already developed and is available to use. It can be seen in every statistic book. Hope this answered your question.

[@sangeethasharma1800]

Greetings sir, I had query that what if few of the obtained value is less than the critical value .. what should we do after that? should we drop the item?

[@adilzia]

Hello. There are two options. One either you can increase the size of sample second, you can drop the item.

[@adilzia]

With a higher sample size you can get the desired value.

[@shibriejorga6694]

thanks. i have one question. where do i get the person's correlation coefficient table?

[@adilzia]

All the statistics books have this table.

[@shibriejorga6694]

@@adilzia Dr. Thanks once again. Can I access you via private email, if possible I will send my email.

[@adilzia6870]

@@shibriejorga6694 sure.

[@dr.dhirajraut9972]

Very nice explanation sir. Sir, I just want to know is validity of questionnaire can be measure only if it contains scale questions? or it can be done for all type of close end questions

[@adilzia]

Thanks a lot. Yes, validity can be checked for all types of closed ended questionnaire.

[@dr.dhirajraut9972]

@@adilziaThank you very much sir

[@MsPreetji]

For cross cultural validation of existing scale of 40 items . What is the minimum sample size ?

[@adilzia]

thumb rule 10 X the number of items.

[@joelkeats7192]

Dr Adil... may I know if my data is not normally distributed, should i then use spearman correlation and do this same validity test in the same way?

[@adilzia]

if you are planning to apply a non-parametric test then you continue with it otherwise if you are planning to apply parametric tests then try to make your data normal.

[@shalinireddynaini7197]

How do we check the values for degrees of freedem for 127. where can i find the values?

[@adilzia]

in your question, u told me that DF is 127 which means that the sample size is 129. The corresponding critical correlation value r_cr for a significance level of alpha = 0.05, for a two-tailed test, is 0.173

[@christinemollejon5189]

Where can we get the data in the data sheet? From the questionnaire? So we need to have an initial interview? 40 people? Is it ok if i have more than 60 items?

[@adilzia]

I have replied your question in another reply. Kindly see that for your question. We this sample size is not adequate for your questionnaire.

[@user-bl2kh7lb4z]

How do we make the critical values table? Is it always needed?

[@hychen4366]

Thank you so much, Dr. Adil. The video is super helpful. I have one question though. My sample size is 277, so my DF is 275. However, when I checked the correlation table, there's no 275. What should I do? There are 21 items in my questionnaire. Thank you.

[@adilzia]

The sample size is n = 277, so then the number of degrees of freedom is df = n-2 = 277 - 2 = 275 The corresponding critical correlation value r_cr for a significance level of \alpha = 0.05α=0.05, for a two-tailed test is: r_c = 0.118 Observe that in this case, the null hypothesis is rejected if |r| & gt; r_c = 0.118 hope this solves your problem.

[@hychen4366]

@@adilzia Thank you very much, Dr. Adil.

[@viragirajapaksha2772]

Its very clear sir. I am working on a research these days. After this step, can I go directly to clear collected data sir ?

[@adilzia]

Dear @vuragi, there are different processes to be followed for adapting a scale to collect data. You have to check the reliability and validity of the scale. for validity, you have to check the discriminant and convergent validity. For the different types of validity, see my other videos.

[@viragirajapaksha2772]

@@adilzia thank you so much sir. I'll follow your lessons.

[@amalinkama]

thank you for this helpful video! i have one question, my sample size is 265. so what is my r value? since i couldn’t find the r value for that sample size in any r critical value table. tq :)

[@adilzia]

Consult the table for the critical value of v = (n - 2) degrees of freedom, where n = number of paired observations. For example, with n = 28, v = 28 - 2 = 26, and the critical value is 0.374 at a = 0.05 significance level. For your sample of 265 Degree of freedom in 265-2=263. Therefore, the critical value is 0.121 For more explanation see the video at 6:05. Hope this answers your question.

[@amalinkama]

@@adilzia understood. i really appreciate your response. thank you so much for your clear explanation! this helped me a lot! god bless you for your kindness Dr Adil :)

[@adilzia]

@@amalinkama welcome.

[@adilzia]

@Jiaxin Diong The sample size is n = 100; so then the number of degrees of freedom is df = n-2 = 100 - 2 = 98 df=n−2=100−2=98 . The corresponding critical correlation value r_cr ​ for a significance level of alpha = 0.05 α=0.05, for a two-tailed test is: r_critical = 0.197

[@adilzia]

@Jiaxin Diong r_critical will be 0.256 at 0.01 ie 99% sig level

[@amirabankole4426]

Hello Sir please my Sample size is 116 and so my DF is 114. How to calculate my pearson critical value ?

[@adilzia]

for the sample size of 116. The corresponding critical correlation value for a significance level of alpha = 0.95, for a two-tailed test = 0.006. I will try to make a video for the calculation of critical value. Observe that in this case, the null hypothesis is rejected if ∣r∣>rc=0.006|r| > r_c = 0.006∣r∣>rc​=0.006.

[@simplyram2676]

Hello Sir, Im doing the pilot test. I did already "composite reliability" and "construct reliability" by cronbach alpha. I also did this convergent validity (pearson). Are these enough to proceed full scale survey? I learned a lot.Thank you so much.

[@adilzia]

You have to go for EFA and find out the correct no of items required to measure what u want to measure. This is called item purification.

[@simplyram2676]

@@adilzia Thank you so much. But how many respondents I need as I just did pilot test of 33 respondents? Also, Im planning to identify all the factors of staff retention based on literature review.How can I reduced the number of factors? I do not want to do survey covering all the factors.Im planning to do Delphi Method to lessen the variables.

[@simplyram2676]

Hi Sir, do you have reference for this Pearson Validity?

[@adilzia]

@@simplyram2676 search from google scholar.

[@simplyram2676]

@@adilzia yes I did. But. Hehe

[@mushidahzakiahmohadakran2825]

May I know if my sample size is 307, which means dF is 305, which row do I refer to on the Pearson table? Do I follow the row 300 or row 350?

[@adilzia]

I am not able to understand ur question. Just follow the critical value for a sample of 307 is 0.004. the null hypothesis is rejected if r > r_c.

[@shalinireddynaini7197]

what is the critical value of DF 127 at 0.05?

[@adilzia]

i have replied in your last question.

[@lizrachellawrence1893]

Hello sir. May I ask? If the item has a low critical value, how should I improve it?

[@adilzia]

You have to increase the sample size. second, you have to improve the items on the scale. third, you can drop some of the items of the scale.

[@lizrachellawrence1893]

@@adilzia Thank you. 🙏🙏🙏🙏

[@usmanamjad6908]

Hi, Where did you find the critical values table I have over 100 participants totalling to 102, I need that very table to calculate my scores, How do i find a table just like yours?

[@adilzia]

The critical value for a sample of 102 is 0.006

[@sayanisaha9594]

Should we conduct validity test only for the liberty scale question or for all questions sir?

[@amirazim3913]

Hi Dr Adil. How do i report the correlation value in my thesis? Is it okay if i write eg: each item had a statistically significant correlation where N=40, r(38) = > .312, p < 0.05

[@adilzia]

Dear, it's a good practice to consult your supervisor. You can present your data in the form of a table.

[@christinemollejon5189]

Sir, you mean we need to conduct initial survey in order to get the data? How many people?

[@adilzia]

The sample size depends upon many criterion. Most acceptable method is to have 10 times the items of a questionnaire. Example If ur questionnaire has 10 items then 100 will be the sample size.

[@2mkdhssdbhss302]

Hi sir, it is so nice explanation. A lot of doubts cleared. Thnks a lot.. one doubt pending, can you suggest any article for reference, which should be included in my bibliography to support the process of validation using correlation.

[@adilzia]

Ok i will send u soon. Right now i am busy in a project.

[@GP-fs8bf]

@@adilziahi sir. Could you please share it?

[@arurundayo]

Hello Sir, may I ask a question? I made a quistionnaire that has scoring system (If wrong zero point and if correct 1 point) and some scaling on how often the respondents done something as well (Sorry I don't know what it's called). How to analyze the validation and reability? I am very confused.. Really need your help. Thank you!

[@adilzia]

There are different types of validity and which type of validity you want to check accordingly you should select the method. For reliability u can use the chronbach alpha calculation. U can check my other videos of reliability and validity. Hope this answers your question.

[@arurundayo]

@@adilzia Thank you for answering! I have watched your other video and I will be using construct validity since I want to test the correlations between knowledge and implementation in my research. Should I use Pearson's in SPSS?

[@adilzia]

@@arurundayo you can use any software you like. SPSS is one of the most popular software used for this analysis. Another software is Smart PLS. best of luck.

[@saanvilifestyle6323]

HI, what if we have df more than 400 , then how to get critical value

[@adilzia]

what is the sample size?

[@noelpalapuz2390]

What source could support this process sir?

[@adilzia]

U can use google scholar to search the reference. Type the keyword and u will get the papers related to that concept.

[@dexterdaniel7274]

How did you come upon this procedure…any references???

[@Elsonnewgate]

Hello. I saw your video. You have 10 items named with Q1-Q10. If we have categorized the variable on it's nature, is it allowed to do Q1,Q2,Q3,R1,R2,R3,S1,S2,S3 in one pearson corellation test just to make sure it is valid??

[@adilzia]

Yes you can do that. It all depends on how u have framed your objectives.

[@Elsonnewgate]

@@adilzia so Q1,Q2,Q3,R1,R2,R3,S1,S2,S3 in pearson correlation to validating instrument and all valid, then continuing to EFA for all variable at once. Is it okay?

[@adilzia]

@@Elsonnewgate that’s fine.

[@Elsonnewgate]

@@adilzia thankyou so much

[@nithyasr3740]

Hi sir, Well explained thanks. Could you please clarify how to perform test-retest validity of the questionnaire using correlation

[@adilzia]

Hello Nathya. The test and retest method is used in psychology and in education. this method is used when you have the excess to the same respondents again and again. For example, if you want to test the validity of your instrument then you have to collect the data from the same respondents again and again. in books, you will find the example of a weighing machine that if you want to test the validity of your instrument using test and retest method and you know that your wt is 50 kg and it shows 50 kg again and again it's a valid instrument. I hope this answers your question. for the rest watch my videos on this topic.

[@kumaramj]

if my sample is more than 200 how to check with the values in the table, sir?

[@adilzia]

Those are all different calculations. a little bit of it has been explained in the video. if you need the critical value for your sample, then tell me your sample size. I will calculate it and tell you the values.

[@monalizajoymallillin3498]

I thought likert scale is ordinal? How is it used as nominal here?

[@rashidabibi6743]

if my sample is 160 than how I find the critical value in the table and how I will identify the degree of freedom as you did not mentioned how you select the degree of freedom you just show the ppt

[@adilzia]

when n = 160, the Number of Degrees of Freedom is 158. The corresponding critical correlation value for a significance level of α=0.95, for a two-tailed test is 0.005

[@wajeehaalam5849]

I have 4 quesstionaires in my research, every questionnaire have UpTo 18 items! Can I check validity of every questionnaire by using this method?

[@mits_tokas]

SIR, WHAT IF SOME SIGNIFICANT VALUES ARE ABOVE 0.05 FOR SOME QUESTIONS????

[@adilzia]

it means that they are not significant.