The 3D Organization of Our Genome

[@kevinjohansson3923]

Very clean representation and narration. 10/10. It's also very fascinating and a privilege to study.

[@cavallilabvideos8738]

We are glad to hear that it was useful!

[@MGI2]

Great things never come from the comfort zone.. We never stop innovation.!

[@josiesbuzz]

Thank you for posting this. I will spread this video around, this is absolutely fascinating to anyone in the cell bio world.

[@chiragPatel22c]

visualization helps a lot to understand a concept!! thanks a lot!

[@cavallilabvideos8738]

Glad it was helpful and all the best!

[@laloabbasi589]

Very well explined, I am very clear about the concept of genome now.

[@AshirAzeemGill]

Absolutely fantastic, thank you for making this.

[@cavallilabvideos8738]

Glad you enjoyed it! Hope to put out another one by the end of Summer !

[@kamelelnaga4636]

Extraordinaire. Magnifique . Merci pour le partage.

[@F.F-p4m]

Beautiful and crisp.

[@asutoshrouta5724]

Great work. Thanks

[@tina9753]

Fantastic video! Thanks!😊

[@cavallilabvideos8738]

Thank you Tina, I'm glad it's useful! All the best, giacomo

[@furkankurtoglu_sys_bio]

Great video! Thank you!

[@manuelargos]

Superb

[@ccurrivan]

Thanks for posting this, it helps clarify the scales involved. One question I haven't been able to find an answer to: Is it known whether the larger chromatin structures are anchored in place by actin filaments?

[@سارهعادل-م6ع]

Excellent 👍

[@RollingTree2]

Excellent video! Clear/straightforward/concise visualization of these different levels of organization. Beautifully done ...thank you for sharing! One thing I didn't understand though, (if anybody can enlighten this layman), ...the highest level noted, "chromosone territory", is said to correspond to entire chromosones, but the visual shows what I presume are those seperate entire chromosones, (represented as different colors), as amorphus blobs smushed against each other. Why do we not see the typical seperate "X" shapes of each seperate chromosone commonly seen under a microscope? Am I misinterpreting something?

[@cavallilabvideos8738]

Very good question! The X shapes are a special, highly condensed state of chromosomes which is only present as the cells are diving, in the process known as mitosis. This "X"' state is optimum for neatly segregating chromosomes into daughter cells without mistakes, but it is so condensed that it is incompatible with other functions such as transcription into RNA or duplication of the DNA that is required before the cells can divide. During the remaining time of the cell life outside mitosis, when the cell is functioning, producing proteins and metabolites that maintain our body function, chromosomes partially decondense and they are no longer visible with this X shape but take the form of the pseudo globular chromosome territories depicted in the video. You can take a look at the education video: kzbin.info/www/bejne/nZO2enWee9yEatU. The first 30 seconds show folding into nucleosomes and are correct. From 30 seconds to 1minute 15 seconds they model the folding of nucleosomes into chromatin fibers, and this is the part that needed to be corrected, which we did with our video. After 1 minute 15 seconds you see the X-shaped chromosomes in mitosis and then you see how they decondense under the microscope in a time-lapse video of a cell mitosis. Hope this helps!

[@RollingTree2]

​@@cavallilabvideos8738 Thank you ...extremely helpful! Your explanation makes it all very clear, and I see that "X" state is indeed noted as very temporary/mitosis only in the other video you noted. Fascinating! These 3d visualizations are such an incredibly wonderful/powerful clarification tool!! So many aspects/details/contextual elements come to light that otherwise would be hazy or out of mind. (Though I suppose there are also numerous secondary aspects that must still be speculative in such inherently comprehensive/literal/thorough/detailed representations, (such as the particular motions for example perhaps). Regardless ...much better to have reasonable speculative placeholder secondary aspects to fill out a full picture.) Really appreciate what you do and share!!

[@kaviyarasisivaraman9688]

Very useful. thank you

[@midnightrumi]

Well that was a lot to unpack 🥁😂

[@aj-uo3uh]

The genes for the heavy and light chains of immunoglobulin are in chromosome 2, 14 and 22. I was wondering if these chromosomes are neighboring each other in the nucleus and specifically in the b-cell. In this nice animation I see that the chromosomes are colored. Is there a map between the colors and the chromosomes?

[@cavallilabvideos8738]

Great question and I can not answer but the 3D organization of the B-cell genome was studied in this paper: www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-20849-y. You might contact the corresponding authors José Martine-Subero at [e-mail] or Marc Marti-Renom @ [e-mail] for more infos!

[@_sitharam_arts]

I have one doubt i.e is it helpful for the recombinant DNA technology (the new paradigm) can any one tell me plzz..,

[@cavallilabvideos8738]

Yes it is. Indeed, a frequent observation when inserting DNA sequences into the genome in order to express proteins is that the DNA can not be expressed, or is initially expressed but mRNA expression becomes silenced over time. This is frequently due to the packaging of chromosomal DNA into condensed structures. Therefore, understanding the 3D folding of chromosomes allows one to improve DNA technologies in order to enable better and more stable expression of desired genes.

[@KainYosamu]

i can totally see why mutation occurs during cell division

[@alexlenail1704]

Who did the animation?

[@cavallilabvideos8738]

It is a company called Arkitek Scientific, www.arkitek.com/ ! Excellent people, we had lots of discussions with them in order to get the concepts straight and then to refine them in order to be precise and improve the rendering, they were responsive and efficient throughout the process !

[@abdullah.al.noman.z]

7176D

[@belkacemmeghzouchene5679]

Who did put information in DNA? Sequences are body of intelligent information. Junk DNA? But there is no junk phenotype

[@noriandpets]

Is this animation based on actual microscopic or other images/ footage or just a theory?

[@cavallilabvideos8738]

Dear Nori, you will find in the discussion detailed information and further readings on many data that converge toward the interpretation that is showed in the video. Nevertheless, putting together experimental evidence on subjects of sizes that are over a million fold smaller than a centimeter (1-10 nanometer) is always a difficult and uncertain challenge and probably we will have to change several points as the knowledge progresses in the coming years. Stay tuned ...

[@noriandpets]

@@cavallilabvideos8738 Thank you!

[@ArayomboSolomon]

❤❤

[@Infomenia482]

❤

[@sampled2291]

So it is just a big mess.