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Assyria was the region located in the ancient Near East that, under the Neo-Assyrian Empire, reached from Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq) through Asia Minor (modern Turkey) and into Egypt.
The empire began modestly in the city of Assur (known as Subartu to the Sumerians), located in Mesopotamia, northeast of Babylon, where traders working in Anatolia became increasingly wealthy and that wealth allowed the growth and prosperity of the city.
According to an interpretation of passages in the biblical book of Genesis, Assur was founded by a man named Assur, son of Shem, son of Noah, after the Great Flood, who later founded the other major cities of Assyria. The Biblical version of Ashur's origin appears later in the historical record (Genesis dates from 1450 BC to the beginning of the 5th century BC) and appears to have been adopted by the Assyrians after they accepted Christianity. This version, therefore, is believed to be a reinterpretation of his early history more in keeping with his newly adopted belief system.