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In 1625 a Swedish army of 20’000 men under their king Gustavus Adolphus set out for Livonia. This marked the beginning of the last phase of the Polish-Swedish wars. Today, these wars are rather unknown, but at the time they generated a momentum that dazzled Europe and changed the European balance of power lastingly. At the root of this conflict between the Kingdom of Sweden and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was a generation-old quarrel over Livonia. Because Livonia included large stretches of the Baltic coast, it was important both, strategically and economically. Access to the harbors of Livonia promised wealth, influence, and power. After the wars between Sweden and the Commonwealth had been dragging on for years, in 1625 Gustavus committed to a more aggressive strategy. His goal was to defeat the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth properly, and to do that he had to bring the war to royal Prussia.
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Chapters:
00:00-01:14 Intro & Recap
01:14-02:26 Ad Rise of Kingdom
02:26-28:47 Battle for Royal Prussia
Bibliography:
Frost, R., Northern Wars, State and Society in Northeastern Europe 1558-1721, 2000.
Roberts, M., Gustav Adolf and the Art of War (first printed 1955), in: Essays on Swedish History, 1967.Stone, Daniel, The Polish-Lithuanian State 1386-1795 (History of East Central Europe), Washington 2001.
Oakley, Steward P., War and Peace in the Baltic. 1560-1790, Oxford 1993.