The Complete History of the Earth: Devonian Period

[@davidborgstrom]

I would love a future series of videos do go deeper into the various mass dyings. What caused them, which animals that survived and which didn't. There are so much more to unlock there.

[@terrancat]

This.

[@LizardsForYears]

Yessss

[@apexnext]

_I has feets_ -Tim Tim Absolutely legendary companion.

[@StuffandThings_]

The Devonian is by far my favorite period in Earth's history. Its the only period before the formation of Pangaea where significant stuff was happening on land, and the continental arrangement as a whole is quite interesting. You had the majestic placoderms ruling the seas, early tetrapods, and the last of the great Paleozoic reefs. Plus, the earliest forests in the Middle Devonian must have been absolutely wild to see. Extremely odd transitionary groups like the Cladoxylopsids, Calamites, Tetraxylopteris, Archaeopteris, the earliest seed plants, and even some early arborescent lycopsids emerged. All before the Late Devonian mass extinction began to wipe out all the cool Paleozoic reefs. Oh, and flying insects potentially hadn't evolved yet by this time (or if they had it hadn't been for very long) so that must've been nice lol.

[@DrSmooth2000]

Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum is my special one ✊

[@blodpudding]

Did these first vertebraes that migrates to land drink salt water still? And if so when did we stop being able to consume it and only drink fresh water.

[@rxg9er]

Tetrapods were already living in freshwater when they made the transition onto land.

[@petergibson2318]

We all carry the ancient salt-seas around within us. When we cry we shed salt tears. We never really left the oceans. We are like astronauts on the moon who carry the earth’s atmosphere inside their spacesuits.

[@needfoolthings]

@@petergibson2318 We also carry a lot of sap around, it seems.

[@PortCharmers]

Every creature needs to keep their salt concentration within limits. A freshwater dweller is taking on a lot of water through osmosis, and needs powerful kidneys to get rid of it. A saltwater dweller is at risk of losing water, so they need to drink and get rid of excess salt. In the early stage of going on land, trips are short and they need to go back into the water frequently to replenish water and oxygen levels, using the "equipment" they have, which is suitable for the sort of water they come from. Later on, when the breathing is far enough developed to stay on land indefinitely, you lose water through evaporation. So freshwater would be far more efficient to replenish than seawater. However, kidneys are still important to detoxify the body, causing further loss of water and minerals as well. So these need replenishment, too. That's why cattle like their salt-licks, and we like our potato chips. Since there are not many seriously salty bodies of water inland, many land animals have lost the ability to use full-on sea-water. But then, there are many descendants of land animals, who appear to do just fine at sea. Coming back to you question, I don't know when.

[@cann0708]

@@petergibson2318 dayum, you got any weed left?

[@francescapupo3887]

I can’t tell you how excited I was to see this video in my feed and I had never heard of the Devonian Period before. Thanks for teaching me something and making my morning commute expoentially better! Congrats on 110K, and keep up the great work!

[@KlavierMenn]

Devonian is such a interesting period. It is known as 'Age of Fish' because fishes saw a rather large evolutionary proliferation both on land ond on water (Yes, although Tiktaalik and acanthostega could walk on land they were fishes [and so are we, tecnically ])

[@Crocodylusaurus]

@@KlavierMenn I like how we have the Devonian which is where life first started transitioning onto land and then the Carboniferous (age of amphibians) where the waters were domanated by numbers of amphibians all of different types

[@mormonjesus9581]

@@KlavierMenn *poops*

[@shanemiller6982]

Yeah , we knew how to party back in the devonian , and there was none of this political correctness. Good times mang! And the music man.... Oh the beautiful music back then... Have a look see here for a list of Earth's geologicel eras and eons and such things... en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale

[@ΠαναγιωτηςΑγγελ]

Don't worry most people globally, possibly know what dinosaurs are but they have no idea what means Triassic, Jurassic or Cretaceous maybe when they hear Jurassic think something that has the word "park" as following word.But there are few people like me and others who haven't involved professionally with the feild yet and knows every period of Earth and many of the species.

[@amayakawaii]

Anyone else have to rewatch from the beginning of the series every time a new episode comes out or is it just me?🥰

[@joedoe7041]

yep😁

[@takenname8053]

Yep

[@leopard2a743]

Same

[@thedragonage3033]

Me too

[@drswag0076]

me!

[@AlexIsModded]

Every time you've discussed an extinction event, has made me realize just how significant a food chain collapse and climate change can be. Your work also shows that an extinction event is not an instant death sentence to lifeforms the way that most people think, it's a gradual decline that happens over the course of decades or thousands of years. This particular video however, opens the door to the beginning of new life. With trees growing in abundance, oxygen levels were going to change in the terrestrial parts of the planet, and that is likely why creatures like tiktaalik and others who were developing lungs could survive. I am very curious about whether or not you'll address the oxygen levels during the time of the dinosaurs when we get to that era. The reason is because the Earth's sky was actually green instead of blue, and the oxygen levels were not as high as they are today. This heavily supports the air sac theory. I'd love to hear your thoughts on air sacs and what they could have looked like.

[@bkjeong4302]

Do note that dinosaurs aren’t the only archosaurs to evolve air sacs: all of them did (crocs still have it today, albeit somewhat reduced).

[@BananaCake26]

Climate change has played a significant role in all of the "big five" mass extinction events. It was likely the most important factor in all but the K-Pg extinction.

[@bkjeong4302]

@@BananaCake26 It was also a key factor there: that asteroid landed on a coral reef, which was vaporized, releasing massive amounts of carbon into the atmosphere.

[@sjonnieplayfull5859]

@@bkjeong4302 carbon or calcium?

[@sjonnieplayfull5859]

Just curious: in one of the Jurassic Park books I read a complaint about bringing Dinosaurs into our time. The example was given of Stegosaurus painting all the time because there is a lot less oxygen in the air today So... Michael Crighton was misinformed?

[@Cat_Woods]

I'm not sure what it is about the format of these presentations, but I find it very helpful for understanding the overall process of evolution better. I mean, it makes it more digestible somehow than many other presentations I have seen. Btw, loved "carrot krakens" and "one small step for fish..."

[@mechaswool]

While I know that armored fish were pretty much wiped out in the Devonian extinction, did they ever have a chance to come back in a later period? Were they outcompeted by vertabrate fish and/or amphibious animals, were the oceans too oxygen-poor after for them to survive, or was armor on fish just not evolutionarily feasible? I think that would be a cool video to see, but it's up to you.

[@aminerkin9844]

Yes. Smart and intelligent question. My guess would be the sea probably became too acidic (or something in similar effect) for external bones to be feasible. We still see internal bones but I don't recall seeing a sea fish with external bones like horns or armor. I dunno man, that's just my poor guess. Lol

[@TheDundeeBiscuitLuvU]

I was thinking this myself. For most successful adaptations and strategies, we often see them evolving multiple different times. I find it interesting that, as far as I'm aware, these specific armour and dental adaptations never really made a comeback

[@aindrilaroy4464]

That’s a fantastic question! Got me thinking. As far as I know, external armor never made a come back. Have to wonder why.

[@andybeans5790]

@@aminerkin9844 that was my guess too, going to have to look it up now!

[@aminerkin9844]

@@andybeans5790 i found some fresh water versions online like cat fish and etc, but couldn't find sea varient.

[@e_pistolito]

I discorved this series existed less than a month ago and this is literally my new hyperfocous I CANT WAIT to the rest of the videos OMG IM SO EXCITED you are AWESOME for making those THANK YOU

[@eybaza6018]

At long last, finally the Devonian period! I can't wait to see the Carboniferous ecosystems, that's gonna be a wild ride! Keep up the good hard work!

[@winstonelston5743]

Elderly Camels Often Sit Down Carefully. Much Pain. Perhaps Their Joints Creak. Perhaps Early Oiling Might Prevent Permanent Rheumatism. ---- Mnemonic for the geologic periods from the latest preCambrian through the Holocene ages.

[@SADDDsteve]

LETSGO! I would just like to say thank you. Your videos are partly why I got interested in learning about earth history and paleontology again.

[@LukelearMissile]

I really love that you're doing this series and going all the way, and I love the way you're doing it. Even if it takes you aeons, I'm here for this!

[@phdtobe]

I saw what you did here. 😉

[@Mark8271997]

I was so hyped when I saw we finally got to the Devonian. Your History of the Earth is one of my fave series ever, along with Breaking Bad, Spy × Family, and all of David Attenborough's docus of course. Keep up the amazing work my dude. I'm also super hyped for when we finally get to the reptiles as crocs are my favorite animals and I just so happen to also work in their conservation effort. Just wanted to share a pretty gruesome story of when I saw a Mondorensis crocodile literally rip appart the face of another smaller Mindorensis croc.

[@salvadorromero9712]

My fave series ever is Star Trek Voyager, because of that one episode where Capt. Janeway devolves into a Devonianesque tetrapod, then has sex with her subordinate and abandons her children

[@Cat_Woods]

@@salvadorromero9712 Wow. That's the exact reason I hated that show. Especially with how self-righteous she later is with Q about abandoning a child. Well, that episode, her summary execution of Tuvix, and her changing a timeline solely to ensure Seven still existed. That's when I finally gave up and stopped watching.

[@willemkilian9563]

This channel has rapidly become one of my favourites, especially with this series!

[@karlagilmore5908]

I'm interested in the evolution of fungi, particularly the how and why they don't last very long at all once they pop above ground, but also why they even come up above ground. And as always, love learning all this stuff you are teaching us. Good stuff!!

[@billinct860]

The parts that pop above the ground are the reproductive organs that will spread spores in the wind. This likely happens when nutrients in the soil are used up by the fungi. Some spores make it to new nutrient rich areas to take root and grow.

[@azureprophet]

To elaborate on billinct’s point, the actual living part of most fungus is the white feathery and stringy stuff that lives in soil or decomposing wood or other substrates. It is called mycelium.

[@raechel381]

I’d also like to add that mycelium extends way further than you think. The fungal systems underground are massive. The actual mushroom we see above ground is for sexual reproduction. The reason that mushrooms pop up after rain or extreme moisture is because they kind of go “oh god we’re dying we have to reproduce immediately” lol

[@allanbriggs6349]

110 000 subs! Congratulations! I've been hanging for your next vid, and was not disappointed. Love it!

[@mbvoelker8448]

Loved it. Using these homeschooling my high-schooler. They're great intros to get him hooked before I get into the more technical presentations.

[@colemanmoore9871]

Keep up the good work! I could watch an hour long episode of this every week - but don't feel pressured to put that much out. The quality is excellent, and that is the important part. Thank you for your time and energy. Being from Texas, I would love to hear more about this area. I have found several ammonite fossils and visited the Dinosaur Valley State Park in Glen Rose. The footprints there are awsome and accessible. I show about that would be worth watching.

[@apexnext]

Yes i completely agree. Quality over quantity for this channel. ❤️ When he said he rewrote the script 3 times. Sounds like work, but at the same time I completely appreciate him wanting to get it right. It shows being both entertaining and informative. This channel will be appreciated for years to come. 😎👍

[@FelineSublime]

As someone with a geology degree, I absolutely love these videos and they are not just a good refresher for content I went over almost 15 years ago, but goes more in depth than any of the lectures or supporting materials I had at the time. Really appreciate this series. Keep with it.

[@stanleyhyde8529]

This was easily my favorite period of time. The Dunk was freaking sweet but the placoderms as a group we're some of the coolest animals to have swam the seas back then. That said, the octopus and the squid in all their myriad of form started their evolutionary journeys all the way back then. Mind blowing stuff. I feel like they got a raw deal on their life span but in almost every other way they got the best deal. With a suite of abilities fit for a sci-fi movie. For lineages to exist for so long is it really so surprising that they wouldn't make any kind of sense to to us.

[@pawned79]

Thank you, I enjoyed the video! I’m awed at how alien everything seems when you roll back time.

[@lightscore96]

THE most anticipated video in my sub box has finally arrived!!! Thank you Paleo Analysis 🤩

[@MattGreerMusic]

Just want to say thanks for your channel. Really enjoy your relaxed approach to overviewing these fascinating periods of our earth's history. Your enthusiasm is contagious.

[@knuckleheadwestwind3585]

“My ass would’ve stayed on the primordial soup if I knew there was gonna be days like this.” -Tiktaalik

[@mikes5637]

Loving this series. I'm 61 and still enjoying learning stuff about our world.

[@brandyfuller2455]

Im loving this series! Would you be willing to do a vid on soft tissue and keratin preservation, like how it changed our view of edmontasaurus for example? I think its amazing that any of those structures can survive for a few thousand, let alone millions of years, and then be found at all! The odds are bananas lol

[@stuartaaron613]

I have been enjoying this series. Please take your time to do it right. I can wait for each new episode.

[@Suomalainen007]

Finally you evolved to Tiktaalik!

[@joeracer302]

Congrats on making 100k subscribers. It’s been awesome watching your channel grow! You’re doing awesome stuff, keep it up!

[@WoopersDad]

Yesss a new part in this awesome series! I love it keep it up man!

[@tomrowell1558]

Great video! These are always super interesting and I always want to see more, but take all the time you need

[@franciscahazlet4021]

It is hard to describe how much I liked the video very much. It flowed well with great pace and was very descriptive. I'll probably watch it again because I know I will learn more. Thank you for taking the time and energy to make this great series.

[@Fluffylives]

Literally was disappointed last night there was nothing uploaded recently. This was a pleasant surprise for the morning.

[@usupatuugames7442]

Can't wait for the best period of the Paleozoic!!! Carboniferous!!! Andits pretty critters Your content is really good

[@josefgordon7712]

“I has feets!” I love and appreciate the humor sprinkled throughout 😅

[@M_K-Bomb]

The script was well worth re-writing because this video was a stand-out in this video series. Absolutely loved it.

[@katherinesheridan5836]

I’ve really been looking forward to this video. Thank you for continuing this series. It’s so interesting and I appreciate that fact that it’s on my level 😃

[@DaxRandalman]

I think I owe it to you as a fan to tell you this series is, without question, what I look forward to most on your channel.

[@NullCreativityMusic]

This series deserves all the praise and even more!

[@fdmt5290]

Man, these are SOOOO good. You have to continue this series. I'm a HUGE fan.

[@ThePurpleKrow]

He definitely plans to see this series through to current day! 😊

[@elsaeed747]

Oh yes, my favourite channel by far.

[@mikedebell2242]

I love those Devonian seas. Looks like a good place for a snorkel.

[@rosearah]

I’ve really been looking forward to this video and this series in general, its really nice learning more about periods that don’t often get touched on as much compared to others. Maybe you could do a video on Jakapil kaniukura, the interesting new dinosaur that was found recently? Or maybe something talking about trilobites, maybe looking at some of the bizarre/interesting species of the 20,000+ trilobite species described

[@katherinegarlock2249]

I went to Chicago a couple of weeks ago, and I couldn't stop comparing things to this series as I went through the Field Museum. It was super cool to refer to my new-found knowledge from here to the evolution exhibit. My only shame is that I took too long and didn't get to see everything, but I at least got to see Sue.

[@ThePurpleKrow]

Sue & the Field Museum in general are definitely on our buckets list to visit! Have you seen his video where we met up with Pete Larson?

[@TheJakeskates]

The Devonian period is always one of my favorite periods in prehistory to learn about, and I always love hearing more about placoderms. Great video!

[@barrysmith9116]

What a great series - and this one was particularly interesting. Learned lots of new things. Well done!

[@jacobkrueger1022]

Keep on keeping on, this channel is awesome and you deserve all the subs! Ps, Love the evolution sequence!

[@saksenaz123456]

I would love to see a video about plant evolution, and how the trees came to dominate and diversify during this period! But I love your videos. keep up the good work!! x

[@Swede_4_TRMP]

Greetings from Sweden! You, Sir, just got yourself a new subscriber.

[@tbogeyman]

This is the best documentary i have seen on KZbin so far.

[@sarcasticpanda84]

“I haz feets” Absolutely lost it. I love this series! Thank you for your hard work

[@ias400]

Welcome back. The episode was certainly worth waiting for. Hope you are settling in and things are going smoothly.

[@tonytaskforce3465]

Love the combo of science and playfulness. More please. 😍

[@violentcat345]

Yay I've so been looing forward to this video! I like that you touched on lesser understood aspects of the period rather than leaving them out. Well done!

[@ZeFroz3n0ne907]

Great video! Beware the fungus that be humongous! Love your videos! Keep up the amazing work!

[@Polloles]

Yes!!!! Thank you for yet another chapter of the series!!

[@MaskedCorpse]

The idea of a planet-spanning tropical forest just fills my heart with such palpable adventurous longing.

[@jamesc8259]

I enjoy your channel very much. Thank you for all the work you put into it.

[@PunchCounterpunch_Lizzy]

I’m excited for Carboniferous next episode of this series

[@Staggo_L]

Hi ! I'm loving this series. Thanks.

[@LINKchris87]

Ma dude, the quality of the work you've put into this series is outstanding. Thanks a lot for your efforts!!

[@valkeriejones3818]

Why did no teacher in high school or college explain this? I've learned more from you, sir, than any biology teacher I've had. Even in this succinct format ❤️❤️❤️

[@Baroness89]

Great video! I really enjoy this series and all of your work 😁👍

[@MasterMalrubius]

I've been looking forward to another video. Thanks for taking on this big task.

[@davidflather1707]

This is great content! I'm really enjoying your channel. Keep up the great work!

[@tuxuhds6955]

13:58 I love your videos and am very happy to see each new release! In regards to the Asteroid/Meteorite Theory having equal effects on land and water I think I disagree. I'll try my best to reason out my understanding of the situation and my reasons for disagreeing. On a planet which surface is 70% water there could be a scenario where some Radioactive meteorite explodes in the upper atmosphere above a vast body of water and the Fallout drops into the water and wipes out the basic species of a food chain, creating an acute shortage to the secondary feeders and practically stop recycling of resources in a vast oceanic area. Therefore mentioned vacuum could create a migration from populated areas into that affected area, reducing stability of other marine systems around the planet. This might affect only a part of the planet and if that part happens to be covered solely with an ocean it would mean that no land mass was affected. Furthermore, by that time rain falls and other meteorological mechanisms are supplying freshwater to the landmasses and what radio activity actually reaches the land via clouds and evaporation might be negligible and so renders the areas near land masses to be rather safer than the deep sea areas. Keep it up, congrats on your promotion to Tiktaalik! :)

[@jamestang1227]

Its an interesting hypothesis. However, we have no evidence of any layer of radioactive material (or the decay products of radioactive material) at the end Devonion. Additionally, the end Devnonian extinction is composed of 2 events seperated by 13 million years, the Kellwasser and Hangerbeg Events. As such, its impossible for 1 meteorite to cause both and still doubtful if a meteorite caused either one. I think a more plausible mechanism is increased plant rooting creating soils and promoting rock weathering which leads to nutrients in the oceans causing anoxia. Additionally forests drew down enough CO2 to cool the planet.

[@TheSokwe]

Thank you buddy, love the series.

[@Viatoreptil]

Thank you for your persistence and several drafts to make the video! I thoroughly enjoyed it!

[@destonlee2838]

Well done! I'm an old geohead, and enjoyed this concise review v much. Keep it coming!

[@kellyharrison5184]

Another well narrated, interesting, and insightful video!

[@lemcad3755]

Finally! Ive been waiting for another episode of this series. Thank you!

[@reskkan37]

Finally! So excited to dive in😁

[@sunnyjozani8421]

YAAAAAS! I've been waiting for this video for so long! Awesome work, man!

[@fhyppa]

>110K subs. Congratulations! I love the sense of humor, while giving great introductory information. I will suggest this series to a friend of mine who teaches elementary school.

[@walruskie9733]

Man, what I would give just to go back in time to all these prehistoric and ancient periods to see all the creatures there for myself.

[@nickguru4439]

I gotta say, I love this channel and really appreciate all the info you cram into these videos while keeping it accessible. Keep up the great work man!

[@josefgordon7712]

Got hooked on this channel a few weeks ago and so pumped for this!

[@ethanwilt8920]

I HAVE BEEN WAITING FOR SO LONG

[@paulthew2]

Thrilled to see a new video from you, and it was the Devonian....fantastic!!!! Love your work.

[@stumpyale]

Yaaasss!!! FINALLY A NEW EPISODE

[@anarchakatty5438]

Great episode!! Always so excited to see a new history of the earth video. My daughter loves your videos too, which is great because it's hard to find educational videos that kids actually like, but she's been LOVING these!! Thanks so much

[@JRM92B]

I feel lucky to live within 100km from Miguasha which is probably the best window on the Devonian era. I try to visit the national park once a year and walk on the beach where all the discoveries are being made. The exposition is incredible and it’s worth seeing

[@code4chaosmobile]

Can't wait for next one. These are so good.

[@AnimeFan-ot7bu]

Man i love this series

[@Amaya6Korai]

I watched the whole series (thus far) in one go! I really enjoy it and I hope you will continue!

[@egghole3]

Congrats on your promotion to Tiktaalik! Can't wait for the next episode! I hope we'll get to spend more time with the chondrichthyes in the future!

[@polo443]

What a FANTASTIC recounting of Earth's history, looking forward to watch everything, the early Cenozoic will be specially interesting for me.

[@js1423]

Neat! Can't wait for the next one!

[@FritoBanditoify]

Omg!!! Another one is out 😍😍 Need to get ready for work, but saving this for later

[@aburninglandfillofbadmovie2930]

"with the evolution of JAWS!" *dundundundun-DEEDLEEDEEE!* Jaws music intensifies.

[@theoccasionalangels]

love your video summaries -- I watch many by a lot of various sources but yours are the best I've found ---- concise and easy to follow

[@fencingcoach3w]

Thank you so much for this series about the evolution of life. Your videos make much more sense than the text books I read while studying for my A-Level Geology in the 1970's. Off now to watch the Carboniferous period and can't wait for the Permian to appear.

[@platylobiumobtuseangulum1607]

Loved this and been looking forward to it for ages. It did not disappoint. Thankyou.

[@samuelspencer6016]

I would like to thank you for this series. I was never one to go beyond the time of the dinosaurs because I was not sure if the fossil record could be absolute with all the upheaval that occurred throughout the history of the earth. Now that we are developing new ways to date the fossils we could be in the golden age of paleontology and I can't wait to see what we learn.

[@penny_the_wiser413]

I loved watching this. Never disappointed but always educated.

[@thesleepyspino3899]

Absolutely love your videos, very well-made and informative, and one thing I'd love to see a video on is the differences between different species in dinosaur and other extinct animal genera. So many times you hear people refer to genera as if they are species, like "My favorite species of dinosaur, Stegosaurus!", while within the genus there is (currently) 2 entirely different species that would, in reality, be rather different from each other. In modern examples, the differences in the genus Panthera, or in Gymnothorax, the latter of which has over 120 different species each with differing colorations and adaptations! Good examples of extinct, popular genera with multiple, very different species would be things like Tylosaurus, Anhanguera, Pachyrhinosaurus, Pteranodon, Mammut, and Palaeophis.

[@tommybird8952]

All my dinosaur toddler gang come back for this guy

[@tamjammy4461]

Ta for another great effort. Life,and it's evolution are truly awe-inspiring. This is the stuff that kids ( even 60yr old kids like me) should be watching. Really looking forward to seeing more of the relatives in future episodes

[@joshuamueller3206]

Thank you for covering the Devonian land arthropods. After your tease in the last video I was super curious. All I had gotten from other documentary series was some half-hearted "they were like today's."