The Congress of Vienna: Crash Course European History #23

[@JoaoPessoa86]

"it truly is astonishing what humans can, with time, nostalgicize" *sweats in southern*

[@ToaGatanuva]

wrote an essay about this. So true

[@ethanomcbride]

** Hurriedly code switches to Yankee accent and flushes all the gravy down the toilet **

[@fearofbird.]

@@ethanomcbride *quickly converts banjo to guitar*

[@pag9128]

@array s it was

[@finnandjakeonapoptartcat5265]

@@pag9128 For whom?

[@teen-at-heart]

Not to forget: Switzerland was definitively “granted” neutrality in the sense that all great powers pledged not to invade or annex Switzerland ever again (as long as it stayed neutral).

[@sirBrouwer]

and the rest of the world kept it's wordt. that could also been seen as a achievement.

[@marcoakaindigo]

people who watch these videos are: 80% have to study for a test 15% were forced to watch it by parents/teachers 5% are actually curious and want to learn. to the 5%, I respect you.

[@auroradeboer9350]

Europe: The balance of power will solve all our problems! WW I: Hold my gas mask.

[@Ruhrpottpatriot]

The power balance in 1914 was very different than that of 1814...

[@day2148]

the Unification of Germany and the industrial revolution also overthrew the balance of established in Congress of Vienna, and by 1914 it was very much unbalanced again.

[@ОлегКозлов-ю9т]

He's probably referring to a believe that a connection of any major country to a strong military alliance has been thought of as a deturent. Like "surely those Austrians would never declare war on us, they know we are allies with Russia!“ and" those Russians wouldn't dare to battle us, they know we are backed by Germany! “

[@Ruhrpottpatriot]

@@ОлегКозлов-ю9т And that has worked until William II made irrational alliances because he wanted to have a fleet just like his cousin did. NATO is the best example of an alliance done right.

[@zlatko8051]

Italy,the neutral states of Belgium Luxembourg,Netherlands became a thing also neutral Scandinavia

[@I_am_Ber]

4:51 As a Pole I hope this catchphrase appears in many future episodes.

[@berlineczka]

Yes! I laughed so much at this phrase. So funny and so accurate at the same time! (In Sheldon Cooper's voice: "It's funny because it's true!")

[@LePedant]

John is looking healthier and happier as the series progresses. It makes me think he really enjoys educating people.

[@mschrisfrank2420]

Kristi Marie Also, he took a six week break which meant he did double his normal work in the six weeks before that which probably made him more tired and stressed.

[@Artur_M.]

Greetings from the part of Poland that is still sometimes referred to as "Kongresówka" in reference to the Congress of Vienna! The rump Kingdom of Poland created by the Congress might have been small and attached to the Russian Empire, but it (at least on the paper) had pretty wide-ranging autonomy including its own constitution, which was something that Russia itself (or most of the European monarchies) didn't have at the time. So for a moment, it seemed that there were, in fact, some good news for Poles (spoiler, it went south from there). BTW I really hope that "this was good news for everybody except for the Poles" period truly ended for good in 1991. It was interesting to see you describe Romanticism as a force and expression of conservatism. It is true to an extent but Romanticism also had a different side, both inspiring to an extent and being inspired by many revolutionary movements across Europe, seeking to undermine or overthrow the conservative order, especially those of nationalistic flavor. Polish Romanticism certainly was that way for obvious reasons, although now that I think of it Zygmunt Krasiński, in particular, expressed that conservative aspect of Romanticism.

[@cdr861532]

Very interesting stuff about Poland!

[@ilyaelric9539]

Pozdrowienia z Białorusi. Glory to the Commonwealth!

[@Artur_M.]

@@ilyaelric9539 Жыве Беларусь!

[@jakobbraumann256]

LILILILILILILILILILILILILILILILILILILILILILILILILILILILILILI

[@AverytheCubanAmerican]

A lot of spooky scary skeletons under the streets of Vienna, they send shivers down your spine

[@RUDEMusicUS]

I wonder why?

[@randomdude9135]

I c u everywhere

[@rautermann]

@@RUDEMusicUS He's just talking about the catacombs. And the usual amount of skeletons you would find underneath any human settlement that's survived 2 millennia and 2 world wars.

[@cdr861532]

Shiver me timbers!

[@CIDILIABRA]

Body's aching all the time

[@rayindaputri1656]

Its funny how many students hate studying history but your history videos always get more watches than the others

[@Clover_Kane]

Can we get a crash course on music? I’d love to see a music history!

[@bjwaters]

I second this! It would be awesome to see how music has changed over the years and across the world.

[@melaniep4099]

Canned Apples Yes! This would be amazing!

[@kobepmusic]

Honestly this is such a ripe subject to dissect for crash course. I feel like it'd have to be a western music history series simply due to the insane amount of structure that's been applied to our system of music over the last few centuries

[@tonyantonio2]

Prepare for a terrible comment section of "this is real music"

[@verdatum]

Oh man, I would seriously geek out on that. I know they've got a long backlog, but I'd be happy to wait for CC Music History. As a student, any time I got to pick my subject on any vaguely historical report, I would do whatever I could to make it a report on the history of music in that era.

[@u0455294]

It's amazing how everything seems to have historical context: art, literature, even music.

[@HuskyInEkistics]

Thanks!

[@georgesdanton7204]

I loved this episode, I have always learned about Romanticism in art but I never saw the connection or saw it as a counter-movement to the revolutionary ideas of the times prior.

[@bryanhikes7248]

I love this series. I (im)patiently wait for each episode to come out. Thanks for doing this.

[@Crimson_Valentine1777]

The crazy thing is I've been subscribed to this channel for years n I never seen the notification message untill today! Even tho the bell icon is set to all I always have to check n see when there's a new video. I'm extremely happy bc it's the 1st time since forever ya girl isn't days late to a video ❤️😊

[@giupontu1]

So interesting to see how the political and economical movements post-congress of Vienna intervened in culture

[@mar6tr]

I know it's totally irrelevant, but I really want John to read the next lines, thus i dont mind sharing: Hello John! Just finished reading '' turtles all the way down''! It was one more book of yours, in which are described feelings i could never put into words, feelings concerning loss, or grief, or fear, and the words for expressing them were spinning around my head for a long time. I am a true admirer of your work, and of your skill to empathise with others, always managing talking to my soul and making me feel moved. You re writings are full of hope, in the end. I wish i were more fluent in expressing how i mean what i mean, how much it means to me. Thank you for everything, your books, your narrating style, your motivation, your videos. Sincerely 🌺❤️

[@TomTrval]

This series is great. A quick note about the European Union idea. It appeared a lot earlier (around 1460) as the message of peace from George of Poděbrady about national cooperation instead of one nation domination. At least this is the first appearance of European idea I know of.

[@sean..L]

"The sleep of reason produces monsters"- Francisco Goya

[@harmonicafish7661]

When will we get a Crash Course on Art History? I would love that

[@KW-vy1rf]

Yeeeeeeees. We can only hope.

[@andynz7]

OMG YES

[@cesarmcaldeira]

Well, you know, John... this video came up a day too late for me. Like, just a couple of hours after my test on the Congress of Vienna and the 1820's and 30's revolutions. The irony is perfect. But yeah, the test went great anyway, that's why reading a course's bibliography matters ;) Keep them coming!

[@yamyam7918]

When you spot a Lord Byron being the most extra man of his time

[@ahmedamine24]

His dark secret was that he touched his cousin.

[@dizzytheday5586]

Sister

[@ethanmcnary9119]

0:48 "Obedience mattered more than thinking" Sounds like AP classes to me...

[@jimmyyang9464]

This might get mentioned later on in the series, but the Greek War of Independence (Greece vs the Ottoman Empire) was another manifestation of that idea of romanticism: many westerners volunteered for the Greek Forces and the British, French, and Russians sent aid to Greece to help it fight its war against the Ottomans. They did this under the idea that they were fighting to liberate the “cradle of Western Civilization”. Lord Byron would go on to volunteer and eventually be killed in action in the war.

[@alexandruiordache4033]

"Relentless seeker of bribes" sounds awesome though

[@DallasMay]

I love these history series. Though, I wish more emphasis would be placed on just how important the invention of the printing press is to all of this history. The printing press was such a turning point in history. Before the printing press, very few philosophies and stories were widely distributed. Almost none because hand copying such works was crazy expensive. After the printing press, the cost of wide distribution of ideas and philosophies dropped to nearly zero. The printing press is *the reason* why all of this was possible in such a short time scale.

[@muchentuchen6592]

I like the dual concept. A man gets the opportunity to fight for what he loves.

[@martytu20]

Last time I was this early, John Green was still debunking Great Men Theory on World History.

[@Aurox_etc.]

Thank you for mentioning Poland. Keep it 100%! :-)

[@annacarolinesantos1619]

I love how my favorite author is teaching me history

[@verdatum]

Wow. I never learned a hint of a thing about the 2nd great awakening in Europe. The way my high-school taught it to me, the phenomenon was strictly localized to the United States. It was taught to me like it was practically a US badge of pride. As a kid raised United Methodist, I vaguely recall a snippet or two of details about Methodism reaching Great Britain, but it's fascinating to learn that it had some actual impact.

[@randnorm]

I am really sorry that you didn't even mention the disollution of Poland in the end of xviii century. Not only was it important for poland (i mean lets be real, no one cares about that except for the poles) but it drasticaly changed the power dynamics in central and eastern europe of that time.

[@klassickasey]

Wow, this is truly the most mind-opening episode for me. You can really see the seeds of what becomes our own reactionary extremism and social revolution in this day and age.

[@dhindaravrel8712]

I have to disagree with you on your interpretation of the novel Frankenstein. When Frankenstein created his 'monster', it was his FEELING of overwhelming terror that made him abandon his creation, run away from it. The 'monster' was kind and gentle, and it was the unreasonable prejudice of the people around him who embittered him and eventually made him turn against society. In my opinion, the very opposite of your interpretation is true. As long as everyone's acting reasonable, things are fine. That is evidenced when the 'monster' seeks shelter with the blind, and as they can't see how hideous he is, they get along well. As soon as feeling enters the picture, things fall apart.

[@beth8775]

To some degree it's both. If Frankenstein had tempered his scientific is-it-possible with some normal emotion, heprobably would have questioned the should-I part a bit more, and maybe he would have avoided the whole problem in the first place.

[@crystalward1444]

@@beth8775 You are over looking his mother's death when he was 17, before he went to the university. As a boy he was discouraged by his father from ready alchemy as it was too fictitious.

[@mschrisfrank2420]

I don’t think John was interpreting the story here so much as passing on the author’s point of view. The author’s intention does not always correlate to readers’ experience. But John has a more detailed analysis of Frankenstein in a Crash Course literature video.

[@beth8775]

@@crystalward1444 It was tragedy that drew him to the possibility in the first place, but at some point he simply became obsessed with the science itself. He forgot the feeling and never wondered how said deceased mother, for example, might have felt about it either.

[@Michael-zn2jc]

Those Jenga blocks were glued.

[@jordanf4251]

the quality of the shots with John are noticeably better like dang I have not seen quality that good on youtube that I can remember

[@masonluo4049]

the way you described Romanticism: emphasizing emotion, individuality, myth, anti-rationality, is very reminiscent of the current atmosphere.

[@VoxTox]

Yes, because 20th century had enough revolutions and wars.

[@robertjarman3703]

I think there is an additional element. The Romantics were not anti elitist, they were pro elitist. Modern emotions is much more so claiming to be populist and involve people who were not originally in the structure of power like how Putin was once originally a low class KGB officer.

[@eruno_]

I don't think romanticist fascination with the past myths, traditions and feelings can be compared to our current condition

[@beth8775]

@@eruno_ Then you aren't very familiar with the current events and undercurrents causing them in North America.

[@eruno_]

@@beth8775 If you are referring to trump and "alt-right" they aren't romanticist in the slightest.

[@Oxtocoatl13]

I wish they'd made the obvious connection between romanticism and the birth of modern nationalisms. Those Great Men they celebrated were recast as national heroes and past wars were recast as analoguous to contemporary wars between nations. The burden of nationalist romanticism weighs heavily on the study and understanding of history even today.

[@eruno_]

It's interesting how Napoleon managed to spread both ideas of liberal enlightenment and conservative romanticism in Europe at the same time.

[@Oxtocoatl13]

@@eruno_ I know! Like, many nationalisms in Europe sprung up around opposing Napoleon, but the revolutionaries that tried to establish those nation states invariably followed the model of the French revolution.

[@pag9128]

@@eruno_ Napoleon was like liberal and conservative in the right ways

[@Matthew-McCallister]

We literally talked about this in history class 12 hours ago. KZbin’s algorithm is at an amazon level of intrusion

[@gatb4387]

Thank you so much for this great show. Loved the part describing the transition from Enlightenment literature to Romanticism.

[@TheOboeNerd]

Correction: Ludwig van Beethoven's name! (van, not von) - While both have a surface meaning "of/from" (i.e. "from Bettenhoven"), the German "von" is generally used to denote nobility. This is an important distinction! Beethoven was born to a family of middle-class musicians, and detested class divisions entirely. To tie this into the previous few episodes, Beethoven was a supporter of enlightenment philosophy and was very interested in the social outcomes of the French Revolution, at one point considering moving to Paris. His monumental third symphony was even composed with the working title "Bonaparte" (retracted for multiple reasons, but famously also from a fit of rage upon learning of Napoleon's self-crowning as emperor - Today, the symphony is simply subtitled "Eroica", or "Heroic").

[@myusername6595]

Hugo Lee i thought the von, van distinction was just van- Dutch, von- German. It has something to do with aristocracy?

[@TheOboeNerd]

​@@myusername6595 yes, but I did over-simplify. There are exceptions to the German usage of "von" in nobility, but it's worth noting that the Dutch "van" is used much more universally than its German analogue. The Dutch version can imply nobility or royalty (e.g. "van Oranje") or just place of ancestral origin ("van Beethoven"), while the German word more often indicates status. Not always though. As usual, it's complicated! I'm not an expert in either language however, I'm just a classical musician who considers this detail to be important to my understanding of Beethoven :)

[@TheBayru]

@@TheOboeNerd Usually, if the "Van" is capitalized (as in "Van Beethoven"), it represents a connection to a geographical location or landmark. If it is not (e.g. "Willem van Oranje-Nassau"), it represents a title and is often translated ("William of Orange-Nassau") when used in another language. Ludwigs last name is "Van Beethoven" and he signed his name as such. "Van Beethoven" is a composer, "Beethoven" is a dog in a movie.

[@Johnnyoity]

Hahaha I'm from 2097 and let me just say that the "This was good news for everyone but the Poles period of European history" doesn't end in 1991... also, John Greene that period did not begin in 1816...

[@Thunderwalker87]

Hahaha... thats hilarious that you think humanity will be able to overcome climate change, global warming, depletion of accessible resources, excessive pollution, water acdification, and all the other stuff that the world can barely even tap the breaks on.

[@Johnnyoity]

@@Thunderwalker87 well... humanity will. But Poland, well... unfortunately not so much.

[@IkeOkerekeNews]

@@Thunderwalker87 I mean it will.

[@flavio-viana-gomide]

I would like to make a sincere suggestion for Crash Course History. I don't know if this is the right place to request it, but here it is: Where is history of Africa? I know it can have fewer sources, but there are. So let's go?

[@DallasMay]

"Where is the history of Africa?" Unfortunately largely forgotten in the process of time.

[@elfarlaur]

Not forgotten, just obtained in less accessible ways.

[@DallasMay]

@@elfarlaur The biggest thing that separates European history from another region in the world is the printing press. In today's world, the wide spread distribution of information can be achieved at almost zero cost, but before the printing press the cost was prohibitively expensive. This is why there was such an explosion of science, philosophy, discover, and war in Europe. It's not that brilliant people didn't live everywhere else throughout time, it's that their ability to spread their ideas was impossibly limited. For example, I highly doubt Galileo was the first person ever to discover that objects drop at the same rate, but he was the first to discover it and be able to widely distribute his discovery.

[@DallasMay]

@@elfarlaur But that's why history, before the printing press, is forgotten. Paper records don't last very long at all. Typically less than a single generation. Unless the records are important enough to be hand scribed hundreds of times, in a few generations the history is forgotten completely. Then the best we can do is piece together broad generalizations about cultures.

[@elfarlaur]

@@DallasMay you underestimate just how much we can put together with archeological sources. Also other people were writing about parts of Africa especially the North (which has lots of written records) and the eastern coast. However it's harder to make a show like this about African history because these sort of shows are based on macro narratives which historians tend to avoid writing these days, but few people wrote on pre-colonial african history back when it was popular. Thus much knowledge is available, but it's much harder for someone like crashcourse to present.

[@_syedmx86]

9.99M subs. Almost there..... Congrats!

[@abram3283]

6:40 "In retrospect, the years of struggle will strike you as the most beautiful" - Sigmund Freud

[@talideon]

Corrections to the map: there shouldn't be a border between Ireland and Northern Ireland as Partition didn't happen for a century, and it's not "Britain", but "The United Kingdom". This later point might not seem like a big deal, but the Act of Union of 1801 had just happened, and that made it that "Great Britain" and "The United Kingdom" were no longer synonymous.

[@dashdotdot]

Also France didn't own the Netherlands...

[@85aksiznarf]

During the congress of Vienna Switzerland was also accepted as a neutral country and 23 years afterwards it became a true democracy among all those kingdoms and empires.

[@bunnygirl2448]

Was Alexander Dumas’ books, such as “the three musketeers” and “man in the iron mask” part of this romanticism tradition?

[@Oxtocoatl13]

Yes! Think about it: they harken back to a past golden era of Bourbon France and recount the adventures of a group of chivalrious aristocrats, followed by loyal and obedient servants. The Count of Monte Cristo is another great example of French romantic literature.

[@wolfgangkeim6892]

awesome as always, please keep going!

[@Thromash]

1:56 god that really was great.

[@fdygggigmtdwdewmsc]

I would have gone straight into fangirl mode if I would have seen you in Vienna! Love you John

[@debelg123]

Great video, with one small error, though. It's Ludwig Van Beethoven (not "Von") as, while he was born in modern day Germany, his family came from Mechelen (modern day Belgium). "Van" is Dutch, "Von" is German and by the time he was born his last name hadn't changed.

[@theoccasionalsnickerdoodle2525]

This aligns perfectly withy ap euro schedule

[@mayankcverma]

Can we have Crash Course Geography! It will be amazing to watch.

[@stevemcfarland2377]

Crash Course World, European, and American history should make a podcast!

[@victorangeles655]

great video btw loved looking for alaska

[@Lucaeus]

Outstanding content my good sir!

[@trevorames889]

I loved the Percy Shelley reference. Thank you.

[@thefirm4606]

I disagree with one point; Mary Shelley‘s Frankenstein, is not a warning of the absolute rationale; it’s a warning about twisted rationale or rationale fraught with emotion and human loss. It’s the idea that Frankenstein is beyond his logic and is being ruled by pain. Great video ❤

[@beckyhetalia]

Best author. Best teacher. Is there anything John Greene can't do?

[@beth8775]

Speak French apparently.

[@violenthell]

There needs to be a crash course on literary/art critical theory!

[@matchety]

AAAAAAH FINALLY MY BOY CHARLE MAURICE DE TALLEYRAND-PÉRIGORD ON CRASH COURAE OF HISTORY!!!!!!!!!

[@wogdog985]

i need about a year of doing nothing in my life so i can binge watch Crash Course and binge listen MBMBAM and possibly binge read homestuck???

[@Bird_Dog00]

Shattering your pelvis with a sledgehammer should give you the time you need in reconvalecense. That is, until you notice all the other great YT channels out there, and you start to give other parts of your body treatening looks...

[@verdatum]

I've managed to binge-watch Crash Course a few times now without needing to take off of work. I can't speak for the others. My only advice would be to be careful not to fall asleep while autoplaying CrashCourse. That much information, that concentrated, even when taken in subliminally will do messed up things to your dreams. I regularly found myself arguing with John, or Hank, or Dr. Nobara, or plenty of the others, and then getting furious when they not only would fail to acknowledge and respond to my arguments, but they barely let me get a word in to start with!

[@wixspartan6584]

Could anyone tell me the piece at 11:14?

[@LitvinBogdan]

By the way, Alexander Pushkin was a friend of many participants in the Decembrist Uprising, the anti-monarchist Uprising of officers. He was not a royalist or conservative. Rather, he was a liberal and a nationalist. There is a translation of his poem "deep in the Siberian ores": «The prison walls will crash… Content, At door will freedom wait to meet you; Your brothers, hastening to greet you, To you the sword will glad present.»

[@trevorpettit1805]

This was a great and original episode go crash course

[@mustardsfire22]

I'm surprised you guys didn't mention Cervantes and Don Quixote in the responses by art in Romaticism and with greatness and nostalgia.

[@Oxtocoatl13]

Didn't Cervantes write in the 1600s? His work doesn't fit the timeframe of post-Napoleon nostalgicism.

[@victornava174]

Very informative

[@reedkellner6447]

Is the Kodama in Mary Shelley's cabinet supposed to represent a love of the closer relationship to nature of the past?

[@themodular2506]

oblique ... i expect the hilarity develops ..... over time ..... like a fine wine.

[@achannel3412]

Crash course is amazing seriosuly

[@ms-vq1os]

I live in Vienna 😄 nice to see it in the crash course series

[@flaviusbelisarius7517]

0:35 this is a completely false characterisation. Britain already had all of those things in our charictaristically moderate fashion and peasantry hadn't really been a substantial class since the industrial revolution and had been done away with. Peasantry had only been a class on paper for about 100 years before then. The Congress was to prevent the nationalist and liberals from revolting for at minimum autonomy and constitutionalism respectively

[@jcinaz]

I LOVE Crash Course!

[@Theturtleowl]

I wish he would have explained what a mess the Congress of Vienna was. It is really interesting to read about this party that lasted for months.

[@WindFireAllThatKindOfThing]

I think I'll keep my Romanticism confined to my Friday nights, tyvm. Because it takes hard rationalism the entire rest of the week to piece my life back together after a good Party Hard leaves alot of sloppy consequences to be cleaned up. Feelings don't tell me which bar I left my Debit card at the night before, but they might explain some of the more exotic charges on it.

[@geoffreywinn4031]

Cool video!

[@fieldmojo5304]

The Congress of Vienna was better than most anything before it.

[@darrianweathington1923]

Counting down to that works war... And I ain't talking about the first or second.

[@papageno88]

Beethoven is really an oddball as far as trying to classify him as a Romantic or not. First of all, he was a major supporter of the moderately liberal French order, but hated that Napoleon took a crown. His music is very dramatic in a way that departed from Haydn and Mozart, but it's still not the complete Romanticism of Tchaikovsky or Wagner. Like, Beethoven was intensely personal in a way that makes it more like the Sturm und Drang period, especially with its heavy rhythmic emphasis. The composers of the late romantic were much more focused on creating a scene with lush descriptions of nature; they also had a much more melodic emphasis. In terms of fine art, Beethoven would be a very dramatic and brooding portrait; Wagner would be a landscape.

[@pongop]

I agree with what you say. I think of Beethoven as a bridge between Classical/Enlightenment and Romantic styles. He retains some of the earlier classical components, but begins changing how and why music is made, bringing in more emotion and drama---introducing or foreshadowing the true Romantic style of later artists.

[@slothfulcobra]

I guess it makes sense to develop a Great Man concept after Napoleon did so much for no particular reason other than his own personal ambition. And to a lesser extent, the dictatory arbitrary rule of the people who preceded him like Robespierre or succeeded him like Metternich also emphasized the power of a "great man's" whims.

[@jessicamarshall1975]

Frankenstein is more of a mixture than firmly romantic though. Like Victor Frankenstein’s own feelings kind of lead to all the trouble - he’s disgusted by the creature he creates so he flees upon seeing it which leads to a lot of the issues in the novel amongst other things

[@ulfgustavsson4919]

Who are the aristocrats in 6:05? What is the painting called? Please tell!

[@franciscoe5712]

Can someone please find out the names of all the pieces of art they used in this video? They are all simply astounding

[@kazinadbiralamadit6905]

Please make an episode of Bangladesh liberation war and lay the background of the reasons , why it happened and the effects it had on the world.

[@TheWolvirine25]

10MILLON COMING UP!!

[@LuinTathren]

Great video, as always!

[@whiteb09]

God I love this series

[@CharlesinGA]

And the 1815 Congress of Vienna established a list of royality and you had to PAY to get on the list. This list thus omitted many royal and noble families that had come onto hard times.. The family of Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, who was the wife if Franz Ferdinand (whose assination was the spark that started WWI) was one of these excluded families. This prevented Sophie from accompying her husband on official state visits, but the trip to Sarajevo was considered outside of Austria thus she was able to travel with him.

[@MakeMeThinkAgain]

The Austrian Habsburgs loved the Church of Rome, so long as it didn't interfere with Austria. Nothing had really changed since the wars about investitures.

[@TheMystery51]

How does John always knows what is in the "center of the world"?

[@zakilamri9713]

i have a question What was the attitude of Britain towards Europe after the 1815 Vienna Congress?

[@sahilaggarwal3442]

joe mama

[@shayne-1880]

Did any one else notice that there was cardboard behind the Jeng’s blocks, meaning he cheated?

[@petemagnuson7357]

Huh, I had been taught Romanticism as a reaction to and escape from the Industrial Revolution, but you seem to present it as an offshoot of the conservative rejection of Enlightenment. Neat.

[@varana]

The connection between Romanticism and the Industrial Revolution is not wrong per se, though. The Enlightenment, its heirs in the revolutionary ideas, and industrialisation all come together at roughly the same time, and have much in common - the focus on reason is expressed in technological innovation and market economy, the ideal of a free-thinking individual is exemplified by the self-made businessman, the rule of the human mind over wild nature is obvious in industrialisation. So to just focus on one of these connections and ignore the other, is only half of the picture.

[@beth8775]

This is why history and literature should be generally studied in parallel. The conservative rejection of the Enlightenment and the Romantic rejection of rational superiority as a reaction to the IR are 2 facets of the same attiditude.

[@pag9128]

Its a rejection of the rationalism of the enlightenment

[@juniorberns]

The polés for the policing Force at the time. That's where we originally get the term police. Not to be confused with polis which is Greek and get policy. Still it's interesting.

[@varana]

"Police" as in the police force does come from the Greek _polis_ / _politeia_ , though, and has nothing to do with Poland.

[@billeickman]

My Western Civ professor told us the Papal delegation had their way with the Vienna Boys Choir. Somethings never change?

[@babscabs1987]

What painting is this? 11:11

[@georgedoolittle7574]

Lots of children was one actual result. Europe's population exploded post Napoleon ironically with London quickly becoming the largest City in Human History up to that time.

[@tequi1187]

Greetings from Vienna. Will you visit Vienna again?

[@christophervasic9169]

As someone who lives in Vienna, you get used to the skeletons

[@Chris-hp9be]

Christopher Vasic do you eat sausage and waltz all day long.? Because thats what I presume people in Vienna do