The Geography of the Ice Age

Only a few thousand years ago, the planet's geography was drastically different than it is today. Massive ice sheets stored atop the poles lowered sea levels and exposed a number of interesting and very real geographical features. Let's explore this fascinating landscape, and see what we can learn from it!
I definitely missed a couple things so find me on twitter @theatlaspro to see the full map for yourself!
Help support over on / atlaspro
Find the music: / ice-age-3
Some links:
www.pnas.org/content/111/43/1...
geologycafe.com/class/chapter...
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Wi...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Ag...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Ag...
upload.wikimedia.org/wikivers...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Si...
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi...
cdn.antarcticglaciers.org/wp-c...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafr...
www.uib.no/fg/kvart%C3%A6r/12...
metrocosm.com/timelapse-evolut...
metrocosm.com/earth-19000bc-30...
i.redd.it/l1eye5puu3v11.jpg

[@jacklynch3627]

We did it boys, we found old Zealand

[@alexwhitton1]

We sure did

[@jairiske]

Aw frick yeah

[@curtisnixon5313]

Your welcome bro

[@joshjbradburn]

NZ trying so hard to fit in with the big boys

[@aukelootsma7460]

Paolo G new zealand was discovered bij Abel Tasman who was from the Netherlands. In the Netherlands there is a province called Zeeland, this is how it got its name.

[@comik300]

I would like to see how nature reacted to these shifts in climate

[@manuam98]

The alligators in Northern Canada died

[@davidbrunner7772]

@@manuam98 D^:>

[@tisFrancesfault]

A lot of animals die, Others thrive.

[@lizaachia8840]

comik300 me too

[@t_diddy538]

Yeag

[@kangsun201]

Subbed for being selfless, sympathetic to the suffering of strangers, and refusing money. Most people would just explain it away, and ask for money anyway. I haven't seen anyone on any other channel do this, no matter how rich they are, or how many subscribers they have. Kudos to you sir. Class act all the way.

[@muhammadikhwannurrosyidin8371]

Sundaland in the ice age, tropical seasonal snow can fall to an altitude of 3000 meters, at an altitude of 3200m-3600m tropical glaciers appear, so Mount Semeru, Rinjani and Kerinci with their current height can have glaciers Mount Kinabalu also has glaciers,The Leuser Mountains in Aceh often snow,Mount Rantemario in Sulawesi often snows, and Papua (Sahul mainland) has many ice fields.

[@retroMartin]

Africa even has receding glaciers now

[@cernunnos_lives]

I wonder what archeological finds are left to be discovered underwater. Doggerland is just one amazing discovery.

[@f4ptr989]

Exactly! Yet the vast majority of archaeologists discount the idea that searching underwater is pointless and there’s nothing there! Check out Graham Hancock and Randall Carlson on Joe Rogan’s podcast talking about it! Fascinating dude’s!

[@zorro2757]

Near Kuba is a sunken City, that has 4 pyramids, wich all are bigger then the biggest of Gizeh. Its located 200 m under sealevel. Edit: Not 200 m, its 650 m sorry

[@djmarshall1442]

⁶⁶

[@mombaassa]

You might be interested in a book called, "The Archaeology of Beringia".

[@johnzuijdveld9585]

If there is anything to find it would be buried deep in the mud. Also I imagine nearly all structures would've been wooden so may have rotted but the lack of oxygen on the other hand may have prevented this. I suspect we'll have to wait for the next ice age to be well advanced before any excavations could begin 😔

[@MrKago1]

Dude, saying to people to not give money if they can't and letting them know they shouldn't feel guilty or obligated is an incredibly honorable thing to do. subscribed.

[@rodrigof.r.desouza3587]

I wish I had a geography class like this during my school years. I would certainly love this topic way more than I already like today. That's some phenomenal work right here, loved it!

[@keithtinkler4073]

I would advise consulting properly documented books and articles

[@maud3444]

Do you know what's cool? The aboriginals in Australia actually have oral stories that go back to the end of this period (20 000 year ago). They tell stories about giants flooding the coastlands (the bridge between Australia and Papoea-New Guinea disappearing). These are the oldest human stories that we know of.

[@unm0vedm0ver]

some would say the Biblical flood is this very story, the end of the Ice Age along with catastrophic ice melt off and oceans rising (meltwater pulse 1A). all that weight coming off the poles caused the previous land bulge to sink. So the oceans rose, and the land sank. A hell of a time to be alive

[@norml.hugh-mann]

Mythology can't be relied upon as evidence

[@PortmanRd]

@@unm0vedm0ver There's a big difference between 6,000 years and 20,000

[@drinno8900]

Their story is dated to only 1000 years ago for the waters covering Great Barrier Reef according national geographic

[@maud3444]

@@drinno8900 Place was already under water by then

[@FJ-th3sh]

I've never heard someone admit that a hardship (i.e. the pandemic) is not affecting him financially, and therefore encourage others to stop supporting him financially if they are struggling. That's amazing! Way to go, Atlas Pro. That's generosity! I'm a big fan now!

[@dovidsokol380]

Wow 'Selfless" "There is some GooD in thus world" Nd its worth Fighting 4

[@TheZodiacz]

Jimmy Dore ends his videos saying something like nobody's got any money now so just enjoy the video instead of his old ending about subscribing for premium levels.

[@leoblum0631]

Indeed. I was taken by surprise too, but then, in my devious mind, I also thought that this perhaps is one of the smartest strategies you could employ to ensure continued support for your KZbin endeavors. Nobody else says that, and who would actually withdraw his support from such a nice guy? This said, I found the research convincing, the presentation great and the graphics excellent. Well done, dear Sir!

[@dmelson7502]

@@TheZodiacz I was gonna bring up JD.🤣

[@Stiffybeaver]

Heard it from Reddx and Urban Ghost Urban Exploration but yeah that's cool

[@ghoulunathics]

if we assume that humans lived near the coasts and river banks as we can see today, just imagine how many totally unknown civilizations could have existed in all those lands that are now at the bottom of the sea.

[@zethzune4997]

There's one should fit the bill. Atlantis

[@Bluejay5701]

@@zethzune4997 I read as a kid that Atlantis was described as being on a pear shaped island.

[@Odo-so8pj]

Many including pyramids.

[@TheThreatenedSwan]

None.

[@geraldimhof2875]

You guys do realise that this ice age ended tens of thousand of years ago? The first accounts of humans forming civilizations date from a few thousand years only... I am very doubtful about "ice age civilizations"

[@judim5379]

You’re literally the first and only content creator who instead of tirelessly pandering for more donations to keep posting so they didn’t lose thier audience loyalty but instead acknowledged and then ENCOURAGED his fans to take care of themselves first. You sir just gain this subscriber she’s as soon as I can afford a pot to… you know… also a supporter!!!!!!

[@setphaser]

Did you do a biogeography of the ice age? I’d be interested to know what australia was like then, whether there were still large portions of desert, and what the time periods were…

[@LocalFood761]

he did

[@fallendown8828]

he did 2 years ago

[@elscruffomcscruffy8371]

And what the indigenous peoples were doing at the time. Apparently they've been here for 40-,60,000yrs (they can't decide on the number.

[@slabpanda]

Asking people to stop supporting if they’re in need of the money makes me wanna give him money

[@pavelgorokhov2976]

Reverse psychology.

[@chessonso2610]

Philippines is on the right side of the Huxley line (revised from earlier Wallace line), therefore is not connected to the Sunda basin except Palawan Islands. For the most part, the Philippines is like another Wallacea and shares elements of Australian flora and fauna.

[@IAmAlgolei]

Well in that case, do not under any circumstances give me about tree fiddy.

[@mikeyweaselwhipper3074]

you could give to a charity, in his honor, like meals on wheels or something.

[@NeedaNewAlias]

Sun S you know so much! But not how to comment?

[@NIDELLANEUM]

Me: studying is giving me a headache. I need a break. Atlas Pro: do you want to know the geography of the ice age in 15 minutes? Me: yeah, sure

[@xZzirrSicK]

Procrastination? Or classes too boring?

[@NightcorEDM]

Studying for school was meant to make to feel they way genius

[@saulsavelis575]

@Speaking Truth same headache to everyone who wants to change their neuron network to the better one :)

[@ajmalsafi13]

@Mike Keller You forget about Asian parents; doesn’t matter if there is a zombie apocalypse we have to read.

[@NIDELLANEUM]

Hey, I forgot I already watched this video. By the way, I am graduating, and classes and exams are all onlins now. If all goes well I graduate next autumn. Sorry for not replying

[@Potkanka]

I find the difference of landmass during and after the last ice age so interesting, and it sure helps a lot to see it illustrated on maps. Thank you for the video!

[@SpiderTreWithADash]

The fact that you didn’t ask people less fortunate than you (whom just wants knowledge in a entertaining format) to pay for more knowledge… Much love! You have my support :)

[@hettyscetty9785]

I learned about this in geography, it's basically the reason why Scotland has a massive dip in the middle where the majority of people live. I literally live in a bowl made out of rock that looks pretty in the winter.

[@Lily-ge4tm]

I think it's a similar story in some parts of NY.

[@dlawlis]

I live in an area that was just at the edge of the last ice sheet. When I was learning about this in college I would bore my friends to death by pointing out the areas that the glaciers didn't reach. I never tire of reading about it or watching videos like this because I always learn something new. Thanks!

[@TheZodiacz]

I live near an area where you can see the scratches on the rocks from ice sheets passing over them, although from the Permian Glaciation (290 million years ago). Even though I think the striations are fascinating, so few people do.

[@bojokowski]

@@TheZodiacz how did the last ice age come about?

[@jazzjj7665]

Where is this

[@dlawlis]

@@jazzjj7665 Between Central and Southern Indiana, USA.

[@dlawlis]

@Vaylen Schultz Alfred E. Neuman

[@smokinXIII]

I usually would watch such a video on the side, but it was too interesting and I was glued to it. Really good explanations, nice flow and amazing narration!

[@jasonburmeister6727]

I live in southwestern Wisconsin, known as the Driftless Area, a great example of what the landscape looked like before the glaciers ground down the high areas and filled in the lower areas.

[@PilotAwe]

I will come back after 2 years when the KZbin algorithm recommends this EDIT: The comment was funny because this video was Scheduled to air 20h from when I wrote this, thus being forgotten by me before being watchable.

[@takem82.02]

same

[@ErnestJay88]

or 10 years, because i keep get recommended videos from 2010 :D

[@julanomoralesmapping3372]

Well, I search instead.

[@leonelarroyo573]

Me too

[@dankcitrus42]

see you then my friend

[@ricardovaladez9875]

I’d like to see the biology of that time

[@IrritatorXleXretour]

It was incredible, basically same as today but with so much more biodiversity, and megafauna.

[@MsMRkv]

Not much honestly.

[@fabiovezzari2895]

On the other hand I wonder what the fauna at the time of Pangea was like? Especially the marine fauna, because most of earth was an endless sea

[@ikeartfilms7783]

@@fabiovezzari2895 It depends when we are talking. When Pangea first formed there was incredible bio diversity, with many old organisms like trilobites and ancient types of coral still around, and on land many large amphibians and reptile-like mammal ancestors. However closer to the end of Pangea was in the midst of the greatest mass extinction earth has ever seen, and so bio diversity was at an all time low, with 70% of land species and 96% of marine species being wiped out.

[@Tzar1]

@@ikeartfilms7783 what caused the extinction event?

[@DrTarrandProfessorFether]

I am living near San Francisco, California. I read someplace that 20k BC (old school here), ice bergs and broken ice sheets were seen off northern Calif coast… that expanded out 80 miles… and local mountain high enough probably had snow for a good chunk of the year. Also, mike high glaciers carved out many valleys in the Sierra Nevada (Yosemite valley… at only 4500 feet).

[@drscopeify]

The ice sheet over Canada expanded and contracted as seasons changed and in one unique location, they expanded and followed mountain valleys in to today's Washington State like snakes of ice which were miles thick and at a few locations they would expand in to each other and crashed in to one another over and over. This incredible force caused the ice sheets to dig down in to the earth creating today's Lake Chelan at almost 1500 feet deep. Also as the ice sheet over Canada grew and contracted it rounded off some of the lower elevation hills and mountains in the Cascades making them look much older than they really are.

[@scrunglenut6222]

i want to hear about how things were affected by the ice ageee

[@Astrostevo]

Seconded when it comes to the biogeograhy here.

[@bojabang2188]

It was more icey

[@aldinhodzic5741]

@@bojabang2188 thats what i needed to hear😂

[@SmgPlayz]

Well If Didn't Have Ice Age There Would Be No More Ice Age Baby

[@BestKCL]

Uhh... What do you mean?

[@AyedYoutube]

i really want to know the climate on the land bridge between Australia and New Guinea! will it be just like the barren australian outback? or will it be full of lush rainforest covering the land bridge?

[@yatowbvideo4475]

The interior for the most part is still barren desert, the north however was lush rainforest, for the landbridge, i think it was a grassland

[@AyedYoutube]

@@yatowbvideo4475 I forgot that a lot of the deserts that we see today are jungles back then. I've read that around 40,000 years ago the monsoon failed resulting the already shrinking rainforest to be permanently lost. Im leaning towards that the landbridge back then were covered in rainforest..

[@Spongebrain97]

@@AyedKZbin like with the sahara which at one point was very green. As was Antarctica which was tropical before it moved down south

[@oposum244]

Well North Australia is also covered with tropical/subtropical forest, and New Guinea is covered with tropical rainforest so it probably was forest/swamp region.

[@andywomack3414]

Excellent question. In general would depend on latitude. Near equator I speculate that it would be tropical rain-forest, with the emphasis on speculate. I don't know if there would be three wind-belts. Modern earth has easterly trades near equator, westerlies in mid latitudes and polar easterlies high latitudes. The boundary between the trades and westerlies is a broad area of descending air which creates the largest deserts. The boundary between the polar easterlies and mid-latitude westerlies creates up-lift, air mass fronts and mid-latitude cyclones, that stuff that's drawn on a weather map. I presume these wind belts would be narrowed with the least affected regions in areas with lots of ocean and closer to the equator.

[@lordInquisitor]

It's fascinating to think about how history and society would be different if the ice did not retreat

[@mart099]

absolutely superb video - so well explained. Love geography, earth science and geology

[@Mtech7752]

"Winter is coming" is basically an old unconscious memory from the ancestors of canadian people.

[@theuglybiker]

Then it would be; "Winter's comin', eh?"

[@hightechredneck8587]

@@theuglybiker Can Confirm. We plan for winter around the same time mosquitos show up.

[@respekted]

Take off eh, you hoser Ice

[@Smileyriley1]

Z kids learning tube

[@a_human8489]

As a Canadian I can say false. I’m currently lying in my bed without a blanket door and window wide open in my underwear because it’s scorching hot rn. It’s almost 90 f which is too godamn hot

[@thomasnorton-crossman2160]

The quality and detail of these videos never ceases to amaze me. Increasingly becoming my favourite channel!

[@honeybadgerdontcare5559]

U and I bro

[@CooperHernick]

Same

[@jackeaton2142]

Same! Do you know of any others like it as well?

[@thomasnorton-crossman2160]

@@jackeaton2142 Wendover, Joe Scott, Facts in Motion. All great channels.

[@sirkarlf]

@@jackeaton2142 CGP Grey, check it out. I kind of think he is imitating CGP, but maybe it's the other way round... dunno. They both seem to do good research and animation, so I learn...

[@stevenburkhardt1963]

Yes, I would like to see a video on the changing biogeography. This would be very interesting to this former forester/wildland fff

[@tomhoward1996]

Did anyone else note the temperature peaks at 330,000 and 130,000 years ago are significantly higher than the current average? One other point of interest not covered in this presentation is the canyons at the mouth of the Hudson River and Chesapeake Bay.

[@rafaelzamudio354]

12:40 That's the only way for Argentina to have the Falklands.

[@astrohistorian2044]

@Rafael Zamudio Lol.

[@JesusFriedChrist]

Argentina? What’s that? Oh you must be talking about the West Falklands... 😉

[@MsMRkv]

You mean "Malvinas".

[@RealBadMike]

Now there's a joke no one under 40 gets lol

[@Tzar1]

@@RealBadMike At least the ones who don't like history

[@TheRealGuywithoutaMustache]

Australia or "Sahul" would've been equal in size to Antarctica back then? Imagine that much landmass just filled with deadly and venomous prehistoric creatures, Steve Irwin would've called it heaven.

[@seand.g423]

PETA: "I'm 'bout ta wreck dis mofuck's whole existence..."

[@Safwan.Hossain]

not you again goddamit

[@rexcowan9209]

Back before continental drift, Australia was joined to India and hence our Tiger snake is a cousin of the cobra.

[@anthonysutherland4108]

Reading your comment, as grandkids playing with world's deadliest octopus. The Blue ringed. White pointer sharks swim offshore (not today) Love our Aussie killers. Thanks for the mention.👍😀🇦🇺🇦🇺🇦🇺

[@andrewd7586]

Just Some Guy without a Mustache The only difference now is our deadly species are more condensed! Easier to spot!😈🤣

[@deino8348]

What a great, educational channel. I'm always on the edge of my seat waiting for your next installment. PLEASE, keep going and tell us about the biological/evolutionary effects of the glacial periods.

[@OzGeologyOfficial]

Far out mate, it feels so good to see your content recommended to me on my feed again. I miss seeing that logo. Been with ya since 20k subs btw bro, when you blew up ;) love your work. You're a big influence to me.

[@mopippenger7373]

I would LOVE to see the climate distributions of the ice age

[@MaureenLycaon]

Just as an example, there was a whole ecosystem south of the ice that doesn't exist today, the mammoth steppe or "tundra steppe", which was more productive and favored large grazing animals that can't live there now. Read R. Dale Guthrie's "Frozen Fauna: the story of Blue Babe" for the details.

[@MsMRkv]

The fact that you don't have annoying advertisements in your videos, is really nice.

[@ianstobie]

Your research is so good! For example, when you mention the Wallace line at 9:53 you show us the map from the original paper by Alfred Russel Wallace from 1859.

[@andyabdullah3324]

Great video as always. I'm from Indonesia and your pronunciation for the islands of Indonesia was spot on. Kuddos for you man.

[@honeybadgerdontcare5559]

Who else is mesmerized by this guys amazingnes

[@ecar622]

Practice makes perfect my friend

[@Bobelponge123]

Honey badger Don't care honrey

[@astrohistorian2044]

@Honey badger Don’t care Me! XD

[@thepolice4063]

Honey badger Don't care I’m mesmerised by your grammar

[@honeybadgerdontcare5559]

😅

[@thatblondcanadian7845]

I would love to see how nature had changed ( :

[@DirtyJeans]

PBS Eons has videos about it

[@VENNOM711]

I want to see that video too.

[@saloni22815]

Me too but we got many videos that actually shows us

[@j.j.gauthier7643]

This was so packed with real knowledge and explanation. Thanks so much Je

[@gopal_kolathu1960]

What a Crystal clear sum up of ice age coastlines. And what integrity in your closing statement on earnings. 👌🏽👌🏽👌🏽

[@georgehenry76]

I have so few interests. Somehow however, maps and geography have always fascinated me. Since childhood I’m hypnotized whenever I see a map. The more detailed, the better

[@nkstudios4947]

same for me😁

[@JAY22_]

Same bro

[@carolyngames7705]

Me too. My dad taught me how to read a map on a vacation to Florida and my interest grew from there.

[@georgehenry76]

Carolyn Games Sam for me lol. I was always my dads “Navigator”..I loved it.

[@mysterious7215]

Same

[@inkynewt]

Honestly that was one of the kindest and most understanding patreon support calls I've heard since this pandemic got started. Too many people are still begging money from people who likely recently lost jobs. Thank you for being understanding and kind.

[@edwardorgan358]

There are critters (monkeys, porcupines) and trees that found their way from Africa to South America. One theory is there were ice ages so severe that islands appeared across the Atlantic so things could hop across. Would love to see you tackle this story too!

[@norml.hugh-mann]

No, I think you must go much, much further back to find a common ancestor when Antarctica connected South America to Africa..the Atlantic between Africa and South America is miles deep for over a thousand miles..a depth which wouldn't have been impacted by the ice age ocean recession for migratory purposes

[@skinwalker7623]

This video was very interesting. Definitely worth to spend my 15 minutes of my life on this video. I think it is fascinating in how it once was and how the world changed so much.

[@edgelord8337]

Man I love this channel. It's one of the best geography channels on youtube and I absolutely love it! Keep up the amazing work and thanks for the interesting and educational videos. Stay safe and good luck atlas pro!

[@sarantis1995]

One sip of this channel before going to bed improves my mental health

[@timthomson5674]

Incredible! Many years of work of thousands of people summed up in 15 min. We are in a privileged time. Thank you!!

[@Harleylovinchelley1]

In Wisconsin there is an area called, Kettle Morraine and we are told it is where glaciers advanced and retreated a couple times causing the Moraines to form. That is maybe 40 miles west of Milwaukee sort between it and Madison.

[@ryanklinkerman5180]

China: vigorously takes notes on reclaiming taiwan

[@SenorTucano]

Ryan K after first unleashing a genetically 🧬 engineered plague upon mankind

[@beachchicken6268]

Ramphastos it's called a joke

[@yerri5567]

@@SenorTucano You mean the US right? People around US Fort Detrick lv4 biolab suffered the exact SAME symptoms as COVID-19 *BEFORE* Wuhan got the virus. youtube dot com /watch?v=hnLMn-uT-Z0 /watch?v=8loolWzkc7w /watch?v=AEfxmHgO9zI

[@bacon5126]

Yerris could you resist the links they don’t work.

[@yerri5567]

@@bacon5126 You have to manually remove the space and replace the "dot" with "." Theres 3 videos there with the corresponding "/watch?v=xxxxxxxxx"

[@frikativos]

"this video is getting long" so what? let it be long! I don't want it to finish :(

[@nunofoo8620]

Of all your videos this is one of the most interesting. A very different geography in a world in which all continents are already in their modern positions but the ice and sea level make it distinctly dissimilar. The giant glacial lakes must have been an amazing scenery. And this is the world where homo sapiens lived most of it's time on earth despite being very alien to us contemporary homo sapiens.

[@audrey2658]

i love how informative this entire video is.

[@emiliosgregoriou8943]

Therapist: Thicc Zealand is not real, it can't hurt you *Thicc Zealand:* 13:55

[@nilpferdfan7905]

that part of the video really freaked me out a bit ngl

[@doomi4055]

hahaha omg omg it was Friggin Funny

[@princeali417]

OHHH YEAH BOYS I ALWAYS WANTED A VIDEO ABOUT THIS TOPIC

[@xtinctube7283]

Yes, I would love to see the next chapter!

[@sheilabatey492]

Superb informative video, I must now watch your others, thank you.

[@RBEO22]

The shoreline of Lake Bonneville can still be seen along the Wasatch Mountains. It's crazy to imagine the entire Salt Lake Valley being under that much water.

[@melodiefrances3898]

It makes me twitterpated when I think about it ...

[@markrowland1366]

My family desend from the earliest white settler in Australier, who 240 years back, married a black woman on an island between Tasmania and the mainland. Her remembered stories of walking north and south to land was thought quaint until the 1970s.

[@johnzuijdveld9585]

Oh good heavens! they MUST have used long stilts! 😉

[@daydreamer8662]

Is that the Australian version of walking 5 miles a day to and from school in the snow, uphill both ways every day?

[@johnzuijdveld9585]

@@daydreamer8662 I guess if you have to walk to the 'future sea bed' and up again to the 'future mainland' it would be uphill and down dale both ways.

[@ld8341]

@@johnzuijdveld9585 Quips aside, aboriginal Australians settled about 50,00 years ago, whilst Tasmania separated from Australia about 11,500 years ago. It's far from inconceivable that cultural memory maps passed down via the famous aboriginal 'songlines' could have retained this history. Or maybe only Europeans are allowed prehistoric memories in the form of the 'flood'?

[@AmigoKandu]

The Torres Straights people have the old songs of when the seas receded. The beginning of time is "ronwawa" ( round water ).

[@conradbo1]

Great and fantastic video. I have learned a lot. Thank you very much.

[@LuckyPierre789]

Happy to find your channel! Subscriber! As it relates to this particular vlog... Glacial Lake Missoula seems to be missing. Those floods created the landscapes I see everyday and were pretty incredible. !Thanks!

[@ErokLobotomist]

I've been looking for something like this. Imagine all the archaeological sites at the edges of those ancient coast lines. So much of our history must be lost down there.

[@allenkey1503]

You're in the right!! But I don't think you could find something today. Theses are too old as geologic's mouvements make all traces entirely dissapear. But is it possible than a civillisation are suffisently advance at theses time to survive by knowlege of develloped technology?? I think it's very possible. They could be them of UFO's seen today. Next to be..

[@WalrusWinking]

Establishment science doesn't pay any attention to say the Solutreans. Because it goes against their out of Africa theory and political narrative.

[@brandongonsalves3615]

@@WalrusWinking this thinking leads to german/scandinavian/slavic Hyperborean history. Have you read the Slavic Vedas? Interesting stuff.

[@WalrusWinking]

@@brandongonsalves3615 Never heard of it, I've wrote it down I'll look it up later, thanks!

[@solinvictus4367]

There is a running theory that a lot of our flood myth stories are based out of sensationalized stories about the end of the last ice age and the flooding of those lands. Almost all cultures have some version of a flood story and many of those cultures are completely disconnected from one another such as the Inca

[@ArjanHier]

We actually have the Saalian glacial to thank for the only notable hills in The Netherlands (with the exception of the very south east). The most notable regions being the Utrecht Hill Ridge and the Veluwe. They formed as push moraines - aka the glaciers actually pushed dirt, rocks and soil from the north with it and where the glaciers ended the land it took with it formed hills. Now those two areas are one of my favorite parts in the whole country. Just look up 'Posbank, Veluwe' and you'd understand why. :D

[@maximevanbokkem8789]

I remember visiting the Posbank one time and I felt like I walked into a fairytale, how could the Netherlands, a sad pancake, have such a beautiful landscape?????

[@philswede]

Greetings from Sweden. Keep up the great work with this channel!

[@lucreziasmith7346]

I love your videos. Thank you for such important information. I will be subscribing!

[@surreal_cactus]

Oh well, looks like I'm watching it at 4am

[@julieallen07]

me rn

[@Empty-ov3on]

It's insane to think about, that during the last Ice age, it was possible (landwise) to walk from the North Pole to the South pole, essentially walking half way around the Earth. Another fun thing to think about, is that every continent was reachable by foot, besides Oceania. Just goes to show you, how much the Earth has changed, over such a "relatively" short time.

[@edmartin875]

According to this video the continent of Australia was not reachable by foot from any other continent.

[@ourtinytownhome-stead]

@@edmartin875 Australia is part of Oceania.

[@kopflosersalat5457]

@@ourtinytownhome-stead So? Australia (then Sahul) was not connected to Sundaland (the continental part of Asia during the last ice age) because the ocean separating Australia and Asia does not consist of shallow shelfs, but also of way deeper ocean. This is why the Wallace line (and other lines) where discovered by early explorers like.. you guessed it: Wallace. These relatively small but deep parts of ocean between nearby islands prevented much of the Pleistocene fauna from spreading from Australia to Asia and vice versa. This is actually still visible in modern the species distribution.

[@sfb4144]

@@kopflosersalat5457 very interesting information there. But how come the water is deeper along the Wallace line? Is it because of tectonic plate boundaries? Regarding Rebecca's comment, she was clarifying that australia is in Oceania since the comment before that implied that it was located elsewhere.

[@jgar611]

How far could one walk in these freezing conditions?

[@gerritduplessis7122]

FANTASTIC WORK! THANK YOU, BLESSINGS!!

[@Gameboob]

Pretty cool to see the ice sheet mapped so similar to the Piri Reis map

[@nkelly5851]

Your videos are such high quality, and my nerdy geography loving self eats up every minute of them.

[@emilm6149]

There must have been ice on the Caucasus and the mountains south of it deep into historical East Anatolia, Persia and Media as well . The first known civilisations there used the water from the still existing mountain glaciers/snow for irrigation. Today, those glaciers gone, it is no longer possible, and the region is much more arid.

[@franl155]

I always wondered why everybody went on about the Ice Ages in the Northern hemisphere while ignoring the Southern - I put it down to Eurocentrism, most scholars being in the Northern hemisphere, which [of course] made it much more important! I'd assumed that the ice would advance and retreat similarly in both hemispheres. Now at last I can see why the Southern Ice Ages weren't much on the agenda.

[@johngillespie7336]

Enjoyed your presentation and learnt a lot. Thanks

[@narutobroken]

I hate this premier stuff, I click the video and oh great it doesn't come out till tomorrow

[@dogemaster6473]

ikr?

[@MarksMen7]

So fucking true

[@tomasvrabec1845]

It's soo useless

[@Hadron11112]

Yh but it helps yt and I think it builds hype or some shit like that

[@Hadron11112]

If it helps smaller channels like this I’m fine with it

[@joools1953]

Very interesting indeed. As an Australian, I've often wondered if the southern hemisphere was as affected by ice ages as the north but the earth south of the equator never rated a mention. Thank you for fighting my ignorance.

[@wanderer651952]

As a fellow Aussie, I can tell you that, IIRC, it's generally thought that, although Sahul didn't see the sort of ICE build-up that the Northern Hemisphere saw, what it did see was a great increase in RAINFALL. Think of the way that all that extra land affected ocean (inter-island seas) currents and wind patterns. Thus the MONSOONS. Thus, while the North had its ICE AGE, the South had its PLUVIAL AGE (Age of Rain). South America, with its Andean rain-shadow effect, perhaps less so.

[@dangallagher8034]

Thank you for a wonderful presentation.

[@ChrisStargazer]

What a great video, with fabulous graphics.

[@Shariyar_Fahad]

When I have money, and I'm self sufficient, I would definitely support this man.

[@NiklasRi]

Oh Yes, please talk about the biogeography of this time!

[@glenngangan5876]

I enjoyed your content. That was informative. Let me watch your other videos.

[@selfsameday7448]

Eye openers! Thank you very much !

[@mattfinleylive]

Very classy and kind to recognize your position at the end, forgiving other's financial support... I'm impressed!

[@DazXas]

9:19 As a Taiwanese, I forgave you and the ice age.

[@jodiepalmer2404]

At least Taiwan is not part of China at the moment regardless of what CCP thinks. Congratulation to the Taiwanese People for recognizing the Covid 19 for what it really was back in early January and for trying to warn the UN and WHO.

[@DBT1007]

You're Chinese. You're not the native of Taiwan/Formosa Island. The native of Taiwan are the AUSTRONESIANS. The people of Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, Philippines, Pacific Islands, Papua New Guinea, and the native Australians. Austronesian and Chinese race are two different thing. You can see the physical differences between them. Stop talking about something that not really your property. That's why, the majority of international eyes feels weird when Taiwan and Hongkong against China. You're all ONE BIG FAMILY THAT BRAINWASHED BY THE INTERNATIONAL INTERESTS, HEY! Unite please. China is China. Don't be dumb. Don't be like Korea that divided into North & South.

[@DazXas]

Trust me. I know better about the differences between Chinese and Taiwan native culture than you do ;) Thank you for cheering up Taiwan and Hongkong.

[@elroyhi3963]

嘉恩莊 there is no “taiwanese native culture” unless you’re talking about austronesian culture love

[@noty2673]

@@DBT1007 how much is uncle xi paying you?

[@williamwaddell5587]

I would love to see a video focused on the Sangamonian in North America, especially how the climate changed from the early Sangamonian (warm/moist) through the mid (warm/dry) and finally late (warm/moist) and very late (warm/dry) Sangamonian. When and where deciduous forests gave way to savanna, which gave way to mesic forests, which gave way to savanna again. How this affected the fauna of North America.

[@daviddilley9182]

A great overview of what happened and a preview of what’s going to happen.... Would like to see more details on N A during this period because it’s become clearer that people moved from Europe to NA as much as fifty thousand years ago...., well before Beringia was opened to southly migrations....

[@shreyashishaan1675]

One of the more underrated channels out there. Amazing content. So much effort. If only more people were into educational videos rather than watching tik tok compilations

[@Muser0168]

0:36 I could listen to that all day

[@jjhantsch8647]

I'd love to see more about how the Ice Age affected New Zealand.

[@elizabethannegrey6285]

Thank you for this fascinating view of earth’s geologic history.

[@Ptaku93]

8:30 so weird. Imagine migrating from the north west and being stopped by an ice wall to the south east

[@laurieroach2127]

Loved this- very interesting and informative Thank you!

[@phsal5182]

very informative. thank you!

[@Dsdcain]

I'm 2 years late to this video. The only part you mostly left out, of this video anyhow, was how much the glaciers compressed the landmasses beneath them. I live in the Northeast US and evidence of glaciation is all around me. One of the reasons the many of the main roads in my are run North South is because of terminal moraines formed as glaciers retreated giving early settlers a solid gravel base to put major routes on, with East West filled in haphazardly, at least IMO. Honestly, that's one of my favorite parts of geology TBH is the glacial periods. To think where I live now was pretty much under more than a mile (1.6km) under ice, just blows my mind. Loved the video, and the sentiment at the end about supporting you. *Nice.*

[@kunstnersjael]

Thank you SO MUCH for this precise presentation, long enough for one to understand many details.

[@flare439]

I was just browsing through my recommendation feed and found this video that got my . Was surprised when i watched he whole vid. it's actually a good informative and well down video. You have earned yourself a subscriber. Glad ive came across to your channel.

[@pixiendixie4211]

Yes, I would like to see a part 2 to this video.

[@stephenderry9488]

Interesting and informative. I'd always assumed that the Bering land-bridge was covered in ice and the settlers were Inuit-style pioneers. But they were probably just hunters, gatherers and fishermen following the megafauna and edging their way along the coast century by century to the next stretch of unclaimed land - just like the original African exiles.