The Great Dying: The Permian Mass Extinction

Hello Everybody! Here’s another longer video, about maybe my biggest and broadest topic yet: The Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction, AKA The Great Dying. I hope it turned out well.
Thumbnail Art by SharkeyTrike on Deviantart: www.deviantart.com/sharkeytrike
Wikipedia Articles for the animals/eras with you want to learn more about them: (By the way, I mentioned way more things than the ones listed here, this is just an outline).
Permian Mass Extinction: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permian...
Carboniferous Period: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboni... Permian Period: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permian Reptiliomorpha:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reptili...
Diapsids: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diapsid
Synapsids: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synapsid
Pelycosaurs: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelycosaur Dinocephalia:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinocep... Gorgonopsia:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorgono...
Dicynodonts: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicynodont
Cynodonts: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynodont
Parareptilia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pararep...
Helicoprion: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicop...
Triassic Period: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triassic
Sources Used:
www.livescience.com/43219-per... www.pnas.org/content/112/33/1... www.britannica.com/science/Pe... www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti... www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti... www.eurekalert.org/pub_releas... www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti... www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2008/57...
(Non royalty free) Videos used:
Note: All videos should presumably fall under fair use, as not only is a small fraction of the video used, but my video and the means I use these videos falls under education.
• Flying over Florida | ... • Video • flickering light on co... • 🌋Volcano Eruption Soun... • HD Stock Footage Dark... • Video
“Why the Conan the Barbarian Music”:
So the reason I chose the theme from the Conan the Barbarian Movie is because of the shared themes in both the world of Conan and of the Permian. Conan lives in the mythical Hyborian Age, which is supposed to be some prehistoric earth, where great kingdoms and empires ruled, but were all long forgotten by the time of modern humans. Likewise, the Permian is the same: it was a time ruled by many different ages of now long forgotten animals, but for all of their success most were wiped out, leaving only the survivors to cling to life and repopulate the world. The earth forgot about the era, the triumph and falls of those animals, the only remnants to be the fossils lodged in the stone of the earth. Plus I think the theme is great.
Introduction 0:00
The Calm; 0:53
The Storm; 6:50
After the Dying; 13:43
"Correction: 11:51 pH levels LOWER during ocean acidification"

[@gigachad9016]

Really puts it into perspective. The Earth has had several apocalypses. We might not survive the next, but life in general probably will

[@bitterzombie]

I feel like humans are advanced and adaptive enough to survive. Though, probably not unchanged.

[@datzfatz2368]

@@bitterzombie depends on the exact Kind of Apocalypse, but yeah, our chances look pretty ok comparatively^^

[@forickgrimaldus8301]

Which is why I like 40K though, in the darkest period of life in the Galaxy and somehow people still endure.

[@roojackaroo8517]

Humans will survive, but there will be mass death

[@hamper6511]

Can't wait for the next era to continue humans technology advancement till tier 2 civilization

[@AlexPerez-tv1zg]

I’m so damn mad that so many cool animals died out AND YET COCKROACHES SURVIVED

[@iloveemiliaandrem9443]

Those fuckers will probably stay alive until the end of time unless earth literally explodes or gets devoured by the sun or something.

[@buttahXD]

@@iloveemiliaandrem9443 sun roaches

[@userwkr6mywxsd693]

@@iloveemiliaandrem9443 space roaches

[@dotshie3292]

@@userwkr6mywxsd693 Galaxy roaches

[@allthingsgeeky2885]

Bro same😆😆

[@InfinitusVX]

F to pay respect for all species lost in the extinction event.

[@isaacgarcia114]

F

[@mikuswifi]

F

[@KyleEvra]

F

[@xechobeam]

F

[@StruggleBusStudios]

L

[@WooHooLadttv]

Insane, just a little bit more intensity from earth's environment and we wouldn't be here right now. It's scary to think about how many times our ancestors almost failed surviving.

[@aero1754]

Woah it’s you

[@vega6003]

@@aero1754 who

[@aero1754]

@@vega6003 vtuber who talks about news/drama in the community or something I think

[@gyndrath2618]

Weeb

[@baleygr8590]

man with the smallest baaaaaaaaaaaallllssss here

[@kunaly.5831]

It’s kinda sad how much life died during these extinctions. I’d love to be able to observe these magnificent creatures in their natural habitat, especially the oceans.

[@hamper6511]

Better make a sustainable pod or you'll die among them

[@trejubei]

I wrestle with that thought too much wondering if it would be more beautiful or terrifying. I think in both ways it would be way more interesting and magnificent then anything we have around today.

[@dylanclark2184]

@@trejubei our mordern ecosystem is still beautiful and terrifying, think about all that ocean we haven't explored yet and whats swimming around that.

[@chancejewson1516]

I get your point but wouldn't be physically possible. Only reason animals got that big was the atmosphere was different then. More oxygen and bigger everything. Our human bodies wouldn't of never evolved if these never happened and the atmosphere changed by different events.

[@kunaly.5831]

@@dylanclark2184 while that’s true, most the undiscovered stuff is tiny and not a mosasaur

[@JP-sb6ll]

At the end, only Conan survived all the extinction's, because he was the strongest. That's why they played "Anvil of Crom" on this video's beginning and end.

[@kurtisgonzales37]

O'Brien? Maybe his hair survived all the global extinctions...

[@joshblackwell310]

Conan the barbarian

[@kurtisgonzales37]

@@joshblackwell310 lol I know.

[@matthewbaldwin964]

Cult classic movie

[@rageraptor7127]

He was the most adaptable not the strongest fool

[@scottpeltier3977]

Everything: dies Fungus: tonight, we eat like kings

[@qweqwe9678]

👑👑

[@BrotherlyBearsBackbone]

👑👑 🍄🍄‍🟫

[@hotboat7054]

i like how scientists just didn't know what to call the event so they just called it "the great dying"

[@chinsaw2727]

Welp, Keep It Simple, Stupid

[@gravynavy516]

The name is really scary to me

[@spookzer16]

I mean it's three words that correctly describes it. This wasn't just any extinction event. This is thee Great Dying. This is the event that was so grand it lays sole claim to the very word of dying itself.

[@anonygent]

Calvin (of Calvin and Hobbes) complained about The Big Bang for the same reason and said scientists have no imagination when it comes to naming things. Then he rechristened it as "The Great Space Kablooie", which I think it should be called from now on. I'll think about an alternative name for this and edit it in later.

[@daydreamer226]

It's called The Permian Mass Extinction. The Great Dying just sounds cooler

[@Silly00000]

Why am I getting sad when thinking about how trilobites went extinct milions of years ago.

[@musti3853]

Yeah why are you getting sad?

[@Sometallguy]

I know why you’re getting sad. It’s because they probably would have survived till present day if some of them made it out and diversified again

[@flightlesslord2688]

Because they were great

[@Silly00000]

@@Sometallguy Also there was so many of them, to think no one survived is sad.

[@electronicbamboo6764]

Yeah same it would be cool if they were around today

[@teaburg]

I'm so impressed with crinoids surviving 5 major extinction events. Hope they survive the next.

[@prcr364]

same energy as calling it WW1 before WW2

[@slueepy1232]

@@prcr364 how

[@HereGoesKevin]

Pretty sure there'll be a psychotic murderer plotting an extinction event near your area, Hope you survive too.

[@prcr364]

@@slueepy1232 World War One was called the Great War before World War Two happened, so if you called it WW1 you would be implying this is the first, and there’s another. You can see the correlation with OP’s comment

[@JohnDoe-vq9ck]

@@HereGoesKevin literally the plot of death stranding.

[@pjcarrera2251]

One thing that always blows my mind is trying to percieve the sheer amount of time that has passed here on earth leading up to this day. Us humans have only been here for a miniscule amount of time.

[@uramoon4618]

We're barely a blip on the radar, as will our impact a billion years from now. Still, we find our meaning in this graveyard of a world.

[@JordanBeagle]

I think the Carboniferous is the unsung hero of geologic periods, it's so foreign to us yet so full of life

[@josephjohnson6849]

Right and unlike previous eras it was just familiar enough we recognize it, like with dinosaurs

[@CAMSLAYER13]

It also is the reason we have coal now

[@5k3m.]

Bugs go brrrrrr

[@fatterhorner]

Literally my favourite time in all of earth's history. If I was given a time machine and told I could only visit one time I'd pick the carboniferous.

[@theendoftheworld9921]

It feels familiar to me but it's also similar to the temperate rainforests I've become so familiar growing up in

[@cameronb7161]

Pretty humbling when you're reminded that humanity's time on earth has been nothing but a blip in the history of this planet, and an even smaller blip in the history of the universe.

[@Raga488]

And in the blip we made hand held computers

[@Morphoidism]

@@Raga488 And small sharpeners for our graphite sticks.

[@jjcoola998]

Just a blip and we’re already fucking it up royally 😬

[@Raga488]

@@jjcoola998 an asteroid fucked it up royaly. We're a mere infection.

[@LamborghiniDiabloSVPursuit]

> humanity's time on earth has been nothing but a blip in the history of this planet, and an even smaller blip in the history of the universe. The only people concerned with such things, are typically those who have done nothing worthwhile in their entire lives.

[@WilAdams]

Isn't it funny that at different times of the history of life on Earth, different creatures rose to the top? Yet, it ultimately came down to a see-saw act between Reptiles and Mammals. I mean sure, not counting the events in the early sea, but starting with the life on the land you had giant frogs (Amphibians) ruling, but competing with early reptile, and then after that it was early mammals against reptiles. Then reptiles replaced the dominate mammals, and now mammals have replaced the once dominate reptiles. Wild.

[@belle2515]

So what you're saying is giant frogs will start killing us soon

[@Ice-ps9yo]

You actually missed some -The arthropods (the legged ones, obviously those had better chances) were actually the first animals to dominate land until the amphibians came -The arthropods returned to dominance during the carboniferous -The birds were dominant between 65-50M years ago

[@user-rl4tg2mr9n]

If you think about it, amphibians and arthropods came from the earliest animals, reptiles came from amphibians, birds and mammals came from reptiles. So all it really is is just refinement. You can see it now as well. Think of any biome, and the apex predator is likely a mammal. Tundra = wolf, Savannah = lion, ocean = dolphins etc. Humans are also examples of it, we're apex predators.

[@WilAdams]

@@Ice-ps9yo There are a couple of problems with your post. A) in my first line I stated that 'at different times...different creatures rose to the top'--that covers birds, and arthropods, and amphibians. B) my point was that sure insects dominated the land, but once they were deposed they did not rise up again. Same for birds and amphibians. The difference was that once reptiles arose (Mammals were in the shadows) they fell--just as the bugs, and frogs had done before them and as the birds would do long after them--mammals rose to the top. Once they fell, the retiles reclaimed the top rung. Once they were toppled mammals came back. Look around the world, do we see any retiles that are hiding in our shadows?

[@alvaronavarro4895]

@@user-rl4tg2mr9n I don't think humans are apex predators taking on account than even a dog can unaubscribe any human from life easily

[@yepee1]

Insane how there are 'roles' in a biosphere and these roles can be filled by any organism that efficiently fulfills the role. What I think is cool is how when there are no other organisms filling a role, they are more likely to adapt into that role. Then they can become the dominant organism for that role. I wonder how much competition, reproductive success, and resource availability affects an organism's evolution.

[@catsdogswoof3968]

True

[@AlexAiken]

My 4 year old daughter loves your videos. She watched this one 3 times in a row.

[@ricogoldstar]

"The planet isn’t going anywhere. WE are! We’re going away. Pack your shit, folks. We're going away". ~George Carlin~ R.I.P.

[@ferfrancol]

i really hope that when the we are gone life can go on about peacefully after the millions of years worth of damage humans are doing

[@michellebrown4903]

Oh it will . The building blocks of life will always be here. Until the sun or our orbit of it changes.

[@ferfrancol]

@@michellebrown4903 Well that makes me calm. Thank you :)

[@ricogoldstar]

@@michellebrown4903 The point is, our species will be extinct LONG before that ever happens. The Earth, and our solar system have been around for billions of years.

[@michellebrown4903]

@@ricogoldstar l do know that Rico. Once we have buggered the environment for us and the majority of other creatures we share this sphere with.... after several million years life will begin anew without us . New life forms will arise.

[@amandabueno6356]

Just a little correction: the pH of the ocean decreased, high pH ambients are alkaline ambients, low pH ambients are acid ambients. When in high volumes and in contact with water, CO2 forms carbonic acid H2CO3 to balance the system, that's why the ocean pH decreased

[@tlakins]

Exactly! I just watched this video and that's one of the details which caught my attention. Makes you wonder if anyone proof reads this stuff.

[@leonardbutler2231]

Thank You Amanda. I was wondering why if the PH level increased in the ocean, why would the water become acidic. Something is wrong here!

[@swastikanayak8503]

I didn't understand anything but I still appreciate it (god i need to pay more attention in chemistry classes in school)

[@Bifocal_Burrito]

This does make for a pretty common misunderstanding for non-chemistry folks as we generaly only consider acidity when talking about Ph outside of chemistry and get it confused as the PH scale being just a measure of acidity instead of the scale of acidic to basic.

[@Musicienne-DAB1995]

I noticed that as well.

[@sharendonnelly7770]

I live in Texas and the Permian Basin. I have found many fossils, ammonites, coral, devil's claws, a vertebra that may be a from an eryops, crinoids, teeth yet to be identified, and many brachiopods/bivalves, as well as . Most are discovered in caliche beds, and are quite abundant in diversity. I have seen whole slabs of rock that are massive accumulations of marine invertebrates, and are probably from the mass die off of the Permian extinction. Great video as it explains the reason for the abundance of fossils here in Texas.

[@PortmanRd]

I'm just amazed at certain individuals that would even believe that all of this was crammed into just 6,000 years. Astounding video. Well done 👍

[@powerdrake2906]

The Great Dying is the closest life has gone to being completely wiped out. The Great Oxygenation Event: Am i a joke to you?

[@dismaned6675]

Dr Seuss know that trees were a problem

[@adib3011]

The oxygenation event wiped out 99% of all life I think....

[@mariojakel5544]

@@adib3011 this was in the Precambrian time, long for the cambrian explosion so you can only find a few different types of bacteria

[@josephjohnson6849]

@@mariojakel5544 algae, some weird plant or animal things, worms, viruses, archae and regular bacteria, not much else

[@dihainthegreat]

@@josephjohnson6849 no plants or animals, just bacteria and archaea

[@yozilla1005]

An extinction event even worse than what the Dinosaur's had to endure.

[@malgusvitiate7002]

You said it, brother.

[@wolfgang6442]

Oh wow🤔

[@rageraptor7127]

By a lot too

[@TiddyTwyster]

But did they really endure it 🤔

[@terraria_ranger4887]

@@TiddyTwyster I mean, a few did endure. Small, feathered theropods survived.

[@OtakuUnitedStudio]

I'd be interested to see a video on the giant fungi that used to make up the forests of the dry land before trees or ferns did, during the Devonian period.

[@yousaidthusly461]

I like to think the extinction came in three waves, which combines the three mass extinctions altogether: 1. Pangaea begins forming millions of years prior to the main extinction, causing small volcanism in key areas of the world which would’ve started a massive pangaeic forest fire which resulted in mass desertification 2. A meteor strikes the surface, cracking the earth and killing a significant population of earth, but does not wipe out the ocean life 3. However, it strikes near a fault line, cascading into the largest volcanic chain eruption in history, causing a basalt flow to flood whatever inland oceans were left and poisoning all life across the world, ending the Permian for good.

[@CrazExtra]

earth already wasn't doing good with pangaea, and the meteor just went in like "imma ruin this man's career"

[@Midgert89]

There is no evidence of a meteor impact.

[@hillelbarer3974]

The siberian traps werent even the largest basalt flow in history lol

[@drlegendre]

12:02 - Acidification causes pH levels to fall, not rise. Higher pH numbers are more basic.

[@ajkooper]

Glad i found your comment. I was starting to doubt myself after that part of the video

[@_robustus_]

The permian extinction is the only thing that killed as much as Conan.

[@jcbc1122]

What is good in extinctions? ... To kill all life, having them driven from this world ... then hear the speculations of their descendants

[@bolsahueca]

Life... and death... Its all good. Theres nothing inmortal

[@_robustus_]

@@jcbc1122 Ah! That is good! That is good!

[@laudercarame7265]

Crom watch over you all..

[@angelsandoval3718]

@@jcbc1122 what life end, other life start. If they didn't went extinct. Everything would be different. There will be no human, or any animals you see today. Cycle of life

[@LimeyLassen]

This kinda reminds me of the historical Late Bronze Age Collapse, which experts mostly agree didn't have a single cause. It was instead caused by a bizarre cascade of a whole bunch of disasters happening at the same time, famines, earthquakes, plagues, pirates, etc. Which makes sense, you can bounce back from a disaster but not from a generations-long squeeze. The Great Dying was probably something like that. Just one thing after another, for an entire age.

[@anon9579]

If the era of the dinosaurs was like the ancient Roman period of geological eras. The Permian was like the bronze age

[@sfvmexe]

As a wise man once said, "Life, uh, finds a way"

[@tko3945]

I don't get why someone who has such a magnificent channel had under 4k subs. You're gem, my friend.

[@arztfritz3803]

did he gain 10k subs in 5 days or...?

[@pp7x79]

​@@arztfritz3803 He's 'in the algorithm' at the moment. His current video quality is capable of reaching 100,000-500,000 subs but seeing his upload frequency for previous video's, i think he will cap off at about 30,000-50,000 for the time being. Super interesting to see such channels grow. It's great content.

[@Naldito15]

Whoa yeah the channel is growing pretty fast daily

[@Boris_Chang]

Who cares

[@arztfritz3803]

@@Boris_Chang you’re replying to a number of people who do… so that’s kind of a dumbass question

[@punchthem7913]

you very much are an underrated youtube channel keep going!!

[@Blainosdias]

I see these comment on all youtube channels these days.

[@jollyface5986]

He’s finally blowing up now

[@jollyface5986]

@@Blainosdias I don’t

[@punchthem7913]

@@jollyface5986 I know right I checked his channel recently and was surprised by the amount of views

[@fionamacdonald3904]

Completely agree! I just stumbled across this channel and so glad I did!

[@Jeffron27]

I might be alone on this, but being my second favorite era of earth's history I feel the synapsids stopped getting much attention when it was later found they weren't dinosaurs. Which is unfortunate cause the Gorgonopsid was friggen badass, hope this era of beasties gets some more time in the spotlight sometime down the line.

[@origaminosferatu3357]

This may be one of your best video yet. Going into so much depth about what happened before and after the extinction really puts things into perspective. The Permian is one of my favourite periods of time, so totally alien yet weirdly familiar.

[@jamesburnett7085]

For a person like me with only a rudimentary knowledge of this topic, this presentation is perfect. I find the writing excellent, as well as the visuals. Wonderful.

[@Liex59]

13:16 90% of life over a million years And that's basically just a blink The age of this rock astounds me sometimes

[@MrMann-gt1eh]

…and compare all this with known HUMAN history. The Romans, Spartans etc. They were all truly only a blink from today. Shiet, the weather probably hasn’t even changed a bit in 1500 years.

[@MsMilkshakeElla]

Making the mother of all life here jack, cant fret over every species

[@josephjohnson6849]

@@MrMann-gt1eh yea like written history is 7000 yrs old, civilization is like 20000, humanity is only 2 million. The earth, space, and multiverse really is unbelievable in age.

[@mateivlad4425]

I grew up watching CD’s of Witness Eye every week talking about dinosaurs, nature, geography, science etc. Your style of videos bring me back the memories I loved with a wave of nostalgia. I really wish I could drink a beer with you 👍

[@awesomesquares7023]

this is one of my new favorite channels. really puts into perspective how fucking old the earth is, how much has happened on it, and all the lost things that once called it home

[@hamper6511]

Life always finds a way Earth: *chokes life* Life: *_punches the shit out of earth and survives_*

[@jr0ggy]

i thought life was gonna say "harder"

[@forrestgumball]

"I lived bitch"

[@ixia8062]

@@jr0ggy i agree, life is definitely a masochistic power bottom

[@beyond-journeys-end]

@@ixia8062 One could make a religion out of it..

[@ixia8062]

@@beyond-journeys-end one could, but more importantly, *should* they?

[@MermaidMakes]

Fun fact: after longisquama went extinct, the population of Canadians drastically declined. They too almost went extinct, until a small tribe of them figured out how to carve hockey sticks out of wood, instead of relying on harvesting them from longisquama.

[@Pozuda]

"Life always finds a way" I needed this.

[@tai2664]

Same, great quote

[@jdjrhejrjrjejrj7921]

Doesnt really inspire humans, Just means we are an insignificant species that will be overshadowed later

[@mathewfinch]

Until it doesn't.

[@nipplemagic3367]

How you have such a smooth and velvety voice, man. I cannot help but to fall asleep while intently listening to you talk about death millions of years ago. Really soothing to listen to. Thank you for uploading this

[@dukenukem9770]

What’s best in paleontology? Crushing your enemies, seeing them fossilized before you, hearing the lamentation of the paleontology haters.

[@rinokumura7371]

Oh another conan the barbarian fan.

[@punkoid76]

Crom!

[@lordshotgun7168]

Here, we see a barbarian nerd.

[@f1uc1k1y1o1u]

Haha

[@tecuan3553]

As a biologist i approve this video! Also i love Dimetrodons :P

[@turkoositerapsidi]

Ar ya an evolutionary biologist or anpther field? Anyway i too think that early synapsids ar interesting, but i like therapsids more than the earlier ones.

[@roachdoggjr3030]

All my homies hate dimetrodons.

[@turkoositerapsidi]

@@roachdoggjr3030 Why? They like reptiles more?

[@Hava_Hadi]

You should know that your short history video is one of the best creations of our past Earth that I have seen to date. Have pride in well done work that completely held my attention 100%! I am still…surprised that you fit so much info and important history in such succinct fashion. Its perfect for all ages. You can hold the attention of students who have limited attention patterns. Again, well done!

[@richarddelo3506]

Thanks for these videos. This is the most watchable and simultaneously informative on the Permian mass extinction that I have found.

[@robertschlemmer6032]

Between the time when the oceans drank Atlantis, and the rise of the sons of Aries, there was the age of Permian. Now, let me tell you of the days of the great dying....

[@hanliu3707]

Thought he would say it when I heard the word 'before' after that music

[@hamper6511]

The Pantheonic Gods ate heavy shit trying to survive these suicidal times lmao

[@c.blakerockhart1128]

Why did I read that and hear the voice of Morgan Freeman ? 🤔

[@frostbitetheannunakiiceind6574]

Life cannot be contained Life breaks free Life finds a way life *always* finds a way

[@joshuahales7551]

This was really well done. Informative, and the narration wasn't overdone or annoying. Good job, I really liked it.

[@nimbarius1800]

Crinoids: *survive multiple mass extinction events* Humans : *”oH nO wW3 iS goNNa stArT”*

[@bassmandan9484]

11:49 I think you mean that it causes ph levels to fall, since a lower ph means the acidity increases.

[@S300V]

I cant say enough how epic this was with this music. I always tought it should be once used to depict great events from the natural history of Earth. Great content too! Double like!

[@ElSmiley1000]

Really makes you realize how lucky humans are to exist at all even more how far we've advanced

[@sebman6031]

We have live a blink of what other species have, so I don't think we can consider ourselves lucky. Nature has not tested humans enough

[@miniatureben3558]

Unless mankind has gain the ability to colonize other planets, we are probably subjected to the whims of mother nature and right now she is angry

[@MauZangetsu]

It's wild to think that a lot of times Earth just said "begone", and life was like "fuck off"

[@vianneyb.8776]

Thanks for making the effort to actually list the paleoartists whose work you used. I'm working on a personal project based on another KZbin channel for paleontology and they do not think of doing that, so it's a hassle to use reverse image. And, let's be honest, paleoart is pretty cool looking and great for illustration.

[@TheRonSwanson]

Thank you so much for making these videos. They're fantastic and I hope you keep going.

[@Lakupeep]

Amazing quality video. I couldn’t look away, loved all of the illustrations and other imagery. Bravo

[@wadeodonoghue1887]

Amazing work, thank you. Seeing how life rebels against ever testing entropy, how gravity, heat , cold , meteors, storms and the rest ends up being mere resistance through which life find higher expression is inspiring.

[@Dragonalfanimations]

I'm happy to see that extinction covered! Waaaay less known than the K-T extinction, but way more important, but also way more unique. I'm kinda sad we pretty much overlooked it in class (I studied sedimentary geology, you don't see this in high school just to reassure people lol), and we only talked about it bc we noticed those enormous trapps in Siberia. It's hard to imagine a this enormous eruption!

[@diktatoralexander88]

Sometimes school will talk about it, sometimes not. Depends on what the school system deems important

[@Miguel_MEH]

KZbin just recommended this video to me and I think I know what I'm gonna be watching for a couple of days. The video was great, keep up the great work!

[@dukecity7688]

You helped put the Triassic into a brand new perspective for me.

[@michaelweeks9317]

Astonishingly descriptive and absorbing. Bravo ! Michael Weeks, San Antonio, Texas. Thank you for the herculean effort in putting this forth!

[@dog_with_hat]

This is a fantastic video. You did a great job researching, injecting your own humor, and made it very interesting. What a great job, man.

[@azrasashima3733]

the life finds a way quote often gets misused. it was actually referring to trying to control life, life will not be contained, it breaks thru barriers, often dangerously, but, uh... life finds a way.

[@johannesjrgensen440]

Well i mean life as a whole is pretty good at surviving cataclysmic events. So i guessing it always finds a way.

[@kylewhite8434]

I read that entirely hearing Jeff Goldblum

[@shanel4348]

This video really helped me understand something that I always wanted to fully comprehend as a child (I loved dinosaurs as a kid). Thank you for this video! Life uh, finds a way!

[@ethansantiago9031]

Ive learned more about our world from your channel than i ever have from school

[@marcusc9931]

The Conan music caught me off guard

[@gallit81]

Same. First reaction was conan theme nice. Wait did I click the wrong video. Nice informative video overall.

[@MajinObama]

Fits perfect,y tho' XD

[@jaythehulkmoeller6648]

How unlucky you'd have to be to witness an extinction event. I wish we could see the earth's past like a movie, and know exactly what happened. Maybe after we die we'll gain infinite knowledge and could do such a thing. I could spend a million years watching the earth evolve.

[@MT9584]

These are great! Reminds me of PBS history specials from the 90s, engaging stuff! I look forward to seeing these regularly!

[@vinzer72frie]

Scary to think the culprits of the extinction still exist today and can go off at any time

[@firebrony101]

I've heard that Dimetrodon didn't have a sail on it's back, it was a large fatty hump with spines sticking out of it, as some of the tips of the spines on fossils show evidence of them being bitten or clawed off by other dimetrodons, and it didn't walk with its feet to the sides, they were straight down like a quadrupedal mammal.

[@eybaza6018]

The hump hypothesis isn't the most credible, animals with actual humps have much shorter and differently bulid neural spines.

[@megasupreme9985]

This is actually a misinterpretation. Perhaps there was a fatty hump, but the spines did not stick out without membranes.

[@kevincanales6654]

This was absolutely fascinating. Thanks for the video!

[@charlieross9128]

The sheer volume of life that once inhabited this earth is astounding and really puts into perspective how lucky we are to wxsist

[@MrPolluxxxx]

The world has turned And so many have burned But nobody is to blame Yet staring across this barren wasted land I feel new life will be born Beneath the blood stained sand.

[@humha7613]

Earth: *aneurysm noises 95% life population: 💀

[@eybaza6018]

Meanwhile Lystrosaurus chilling in their burrows and eating roots: wait something happened?

[@VigilanteShark]

Subscribed. Loved this video, looking forward to viewing your collection. Keep it up!

[@marcosdelarosa6519]

Awesome soundtrack choice for this particular subject. I recognized it instantly.

[@EEsmalls]

I'm only one minute in, and have never watched you before, but I'm sold! I love the epic theme music to start the video 💙

[@VictorianTimeTraveler]

The Anvil of Crom a very appropriate score this video. The riddle of Steel is about finding Inner Strength to overcome, persevere, adapt and survive. "What god do you pray to? To Crom, but I seldom pray to him *he doesn't listen*.." (meditate on these truths)

[@fatfrogge8753]

Excellent video! Really good summary of an underrepresented era.

[@LordVader1094]

PLEASE do a video on the Carboniferous period! It's an immensely fascinating subject

[@Charliefalke]

Nicely done!! Lookking forward to more contents!!

[@apenasmaisumdiogo.7115]

Great video! I'd like to point out that not all pelycosaurs had the famous sails though - Ophiacodon, Cotylorhynchus, Varanops, Varanosaurus, Eothyris and others are all primitive synapsids that lacked the sails of Dimetrodon, Edaphosaurus and Secodontosaurus.

[@dereklucero5785]

I thought the meteor was the only great die off. You learn something every day. Great educational video.

[@lindsayschmidt2177]

This is an awesome video! I’m glad I stumbled across it in my recommendations.

[@anthroposlogica9379]

What a great video. This is awesome

[@watsonwrote]

I can only imagine the scale of the current mass extinction over the next million years. We've changed the environment so much, not only in terms of climate, but the shifting and redistribution of resources, the introduction of novel chemicals and poisons, and countless other environmental changes. There's no way all life will continue as before

[@jacobhumphrey3535]

I think that's overreaching a bit. I mean, there are bacteria in the bottom of the ocean that live in volcanoes. I think life will continue, but in a form we can't even comprehend.

[@dracomalfoy2272]

We dying spon

[@anarchistangler]

Yeah the conditions it took millions of years to evolve that are amenable to our existence have been turned back to their former state overnight.

[@josephjohnson6849]

Reminds me of a verse 2000 years old, to destroy those who destroy the earth....

[@leiaorgana5098]

Uranium decay is called decay for a reason...

[@OldPumpMan]

Found ur channel just recently, I am really loving it👍.

[@7JeTeL7]

i have to say, that TBM is, information-wise, one of the top „bio“channel on youtube...not so flashy like others, but man, you are packed, hands down!

[@jonathangair8031]

I will never get over how, as much as I like reptiles, in spite of the incredible time difference I feel so pleased that my "ancestors" were there from the beginning. In the shadows, so to speak. Go team!!!

[@jabby6709]

me: I’m not gonna cry over a mass extinction event. pft, that’s stupid. it’s just a natural part of earth’s- the video: trilobites me: *cries a lot *

[@knockrotter9372]

THEY COULD HAVE LIVED, DAMNIT! THEY COULD HAVE BEEN COOL FRIENDS TOO, WHY GOD, WHY??

[@jls7084]

I like how there is bird songs when describing the Carboniferous. Great video, well done.

[@lmenzol]

Wow you’re like PBS eons but a million times better. Glad I found this channel👍

[@jeffersonwagnerdessordi8958]

The Siberian Traps were caused by a double antipodal impact on Antarctica at Marie Byrd Land and a secondary one on Wilkes Land. The remnants of the crater are scattered across the Pacific Basin, one half as the Marianas Arch and the other the Vanuatu Arch, both with 1,500 km diameter. It is a much more coherent theory than that of volcanic arcs formed by colliding tectonic plates in regions where those plates do not move in opposite directions.

[@Peyote1312]

Negative. That is not a coherent theory because igneous rock formations are the result of volcanic eruptions, not meteor strikes halfway across the globe. Time to turn off the Ancient Aliens and hit up the library.

[@jeffersonwagnerdessordi8958]

@@Peyote1312 Yep. Perhaps I should have read Marinova's theory about the 1,000 km minimum size for an impact crater to cause an antipodal crust disruption and flood basalts. Oh, wait, I have read... What is it, "Ancient Aliens""? I wonder if Wegener's theory about continental drift was received with the same level of biased arrogance I find on the net.

[@Paka1918]

Right. But climate change taliban wouldn't believe that, it's heresy in their eyes. The asteroid, which wiped out the non avian dinosaurs also created antipodal volcanism, the dekkan trapp in india.

[@jeffersonwagnerdessordi8958]

@@Paka1918 Yes, I believed that until recently, and for me the antipodal impact to the Deccan Traps would be located at the present Hawaii hotspot, since the Cretaceous impact occurred even more to East than its present location at Chicxulub (technically, then Yucatan was located closer to Africa, both tectonic plates have drifted since then). But my conclusion based on recent rocks dating of the oldest extinct volcanoes of the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain places that impact as the cause of the Cenomanian-Turonian extinction event. It was antipodal to the Madagascar flood basalts when Indian plate was at that region. Maybe Shiva impact theory is not so outlandish after all, but I can get no clear evidence for that. The Cretaceous extinction is a complex event, explain my evidence and conclusions is something I can not do here. it is a long story, I explain it at my blog.

[@Markle2k]

@@jeffersonwagnerdessordi8958 The current antipode to the Wilkes Land mascon is in the middle of Davis Strait between Baffin Island and Greenland. A long way from western Siberia. At the end of the Permian, all of the continental land masses were together in the supercontinent Pangaea, and Antarctica and what would become Siberia were on the same side of the globe.

[@TheAnticlinton]

Outside of marine animals lower on the food chain, I can't think of any larger animal genera prospering in the permian that went extinct in the great dying. Acanthodians, trilobites and eurypterids were already in a very long decline, with very few species living by then. Cartilaginous and bony fish seem to have not lost as much diversity. Ammonites suffered, but quickly bounced back and remained a keystone species. Why is that? Also, since marine biodiversity in the permian is very poorly understood due to lack of many fossils from then, we can't know with any accuracy how many species died.

[@gwenratcliffe3815]

Well-presented video and painstakingly researched, it seems. Informative and absorbing.

[@KK-eh2gm]

Great commentary & insight. Thank you.

[@deathblade111]

Conan music for the opening is perfect. That gets you a new subscriber.

[@Maribro4]

The craziest thing to me is how long and short this event was. So much life was lost in a relatively short amount of time on Earth, yet it was a slow process that lasted many lifetimes, the Mesozoic meteor extinction wasn’t as great but it was so sudden. In a weird way, humanity is artificially creating the next Permian Extinction. We’re not gonna cause an apocalypse by nuking everything in a sudden flash (well we might 😕) but we’re gonna slowly alter and change the world making it uninhabitable to many species and probably orders

[@diktatoralexander88]

A part of me personally believes, even if we humans didn't do what we did, life sometimes seems to want to end itself. As much as we create order, we create disorder and it seems sometimes life just wants some things to end.

[@drewenglish1946]

Thank you for this fantastic work.

[@jknott1003]

Awesome and informative videos. I'm glad I found your channel!