The Hebrew Calendar (235-362)

[@TroglodyteDiner]

The emperor Julian (the Apostate) reasoned that if the Jews rebuilt the temple and the world didn't end, a major tenet of Christianity would prove false and the people would go back to worshiping the old gods.

[@4034miguel]

So, why the temple was not rebuilt. Is there a resource where I can find information about it? thanks.

[@mcboat3467]

​@@4034miguelmaybe because jews were pain in Roman ass?

[@pre-debutera6941]

​@@4034miguelJulian straight-up died like two years into his reign.

[@scotttaylor8737]

Bro this is literally the first comment I have ever left on a KZbin video and you're getting it because DAMN, your content is so awesome, well researched, and fascinating. I have been keeping your tab on KZbin open on my browser and just rolling through these videos over days like I don't have a job lol

[@Michael-do2xf]

Kapara, I wanted to tell you thank you. In the past couple weeks, after starting to watch your videos, my understanding and appreciation of Judaism has radically transformed. Toda akhi

[@borisyuabov7292]

Thanks for the interesting presentation. However it's not the placement of leap months that prevents the Yom Kipur falling next to Shabbat, but the length of hebrew years 353, 354, 355, 383, 384, 385. that is acchieved by maing Marheshvan and Kislev at times 29/30, 29/29 or 30/30. there are sevral ways how seven leap months can be placed in the 19 year cycle. the one you mention is only one possibility of many.

[@menachemsalomon]

Technically, the Yom Kippur adjacent to Shabbat issue was resolved by adding or taking away a single day from the previous year - either Cheshvan would be 30 days or Kislev only 29. Then they just had to ensure that Rosh Hashana was not Sunday, Wednesday, or Friday. The intercalenary month - Adar I - just kept Passover in the right season.

[@idanzamir7540]

I really bugs me how little the Hebrew calander is present in Israel, secular people rarely know what date it is. Would be really cool if it took a larger place in public life...

[@SamAronow]

I know that today is 2 Elul 5780. And that I was born on 20 Kislev 5750.

[@swiftsetrider4543]

@@SamAronow I was born on 13 Tishrei, 5762

[@royxeph_arcanex]

@@swiftsetrider4543 Tamuz 5757 (I'll keep the exact date secret due to privacy concerns, but I do know it)

[@deltahat2625]

@@SamAronow Oh, so that's where Warhammer got the name.

[@amyisraelchai1967]

I was born On the 22nd of Shevat.

[@jeffczermanski2993]

Love your stuff. Can you do full explanation (sacrifices etc) of temple Judaism (first and/or second temple)? It seems very different from Judaism today.

[@Rudster14]

Hey one very important note is that Shabbat is actually from Friday night to Saturday night, NOT Saturday afternoon. It is a full 25 hours and in olden times the way to determine when it was officially night was to look for 3 stars in the sky

[@-kepha8828]

None of this is true or biblical.

[@davidschalit907]

@@-kepha8828 Because you know more than the ancient Jews?

[@-kepha8828]

@@davidschalit907 the bible said the jews would FORGET Gods times and law. Pretty sure God was spot on. All the jews have done today is change and adulter all of it, making it vain. Just as God said they would. Unless you think God is wrong?

[@davidschalit907]

@@-kepha8828 'Today'? Jews created a calendar based on required Biblical holy days long before your religion that prays to a dead Jewish man was born.

[@-kepha8828]

@@davidschalit907 lol, today jews dont ise the biblical instructed calendar. They use the 4th century AD Hilell 2 calendar. Completely adultered. Fakes

[@FatSewist]

I've watched several videos on this, have been manually keeping a planner with a Hebrew Calendar, and am reading a book on it. Nothing explained this as succinctly as you just did.

[@Leidon00]

I FINALLY UNDERSTAND WHY THE CALENDAR IS SO DAMN CONVOLUTED, BOTHE THE PERSIAN AND HEBREW IT ALL MAKES SENSE

[@dafyddthomas6897]

It does NOT make sense; it is EXPLAINED. With a lunar calendar you gotta add an extra month close to each 19/7 years and add an extra day close to every 5 years. That makes sense. Adding and subtracting days to ensure such a date is NOT such a weekday makes the calendar unnecessarily complicated. Likewise the Roman republican Calendar (RrC) had an 8 day week labelled A to H and rules to add and subtract days to ensure such a date is NOT such a weekday making the RrC unnecessarily complicated too. Explanation how this very complicated rule happened. It still don't make sense.

[@CivilWarWeekByWeek]

Wow the Hebrew calendar. That calendar is probably the most complicated one I know. Though the only other one I know is Gregorian.

[@kathleenking47]

Hebrew changes every year Sometimes chanukah is in the autumn Other times winter Its lunar 🌒

[@johns.9818]

When Mohammad entered Medina the arabs followed the Jewish calendar as well, and the day of Ashura fell on Yom Kippur, but since he was completely rejected by the Jews the direction of prayer was changed and the verse of Nasi came and the muslim and Jewish calendar became separate.

[@maxi4182]

Amazing as always Btw I'm chabad and you did good on the jj mccollough video

[@notNajimi]

I love the style influences from historia civilis here and there. Really great channel with slick presentation

[@sdelmonte]

Now that is a cliffhanger! Too bad I know how it ends :(

[@toraparatodos]

Is there a place where your awesome maps can be downloaded? Shabbat shalom.

[@SamAronow]

City maps or regional maps? The regional maps are the property of Omniatlas (omniatlas.com) but the city maps are mine alone.

[@mlem-y_winks]

I absolutely love the music you use in the end but can’t find it. Would you mind sharing its name?

[@Ido_morgenshtein]

8:50 the month you talked about was Adar I not Adar II which is the regular Adar

[@fre2725]

On the "Jews killed the prophets" meme in early Christianity: I don't think it's fair to say that it was just made up by people who "hadn't read the Hebrew Bible." There are, in fact, two mentions of prophets being martyred at Jerusalem in the HB: 1) The prophet Urijah in Jeremiah 26:20ff And 2) The prophet Zechariah ben Jehoida in 2 Chronicles 24:20ff, who is killed in the Temple. It's the second one who gets mentioned by Jesus in the NT (Luke 11:51; Matt 23:35 has the wrong Zechariah). Later tradition also made Isaiah ben Amoz a martyr of King Manasseh (Martyrdom of Isaiah and I think the Targum), who is said to have "shed innocent blood" in Jerusalem (2 Kings 21:16). We could add to this the stoning of Honi the Circle Drawer in the Judean Civil War. And beyond Jerusalem, we could include the alleged killing of prophets by Jezebel and Ahab in northern Israel. From all this it is possible to abstract a negative view of Israel as a people who not only rejects but kills the prophets Yhwh sends to them. The motivation for early Christian Jews to read the HB like this was their own rejection by mainstream Jews: they played the role of "the remnant" and "rejected prophets" (a resurgence of charismatic experience and prophetic claims in early Christianity added to this perception). It was a way of rationalizing the failure of their evangelism. But when Christianity became mostly Gentile, this rhetoric preserved in the NT was turned against the Jewish people as a whole: to discredit a rival religion and scapegoat an ethnic minority. So in short: it comes from later tradition that emphasized martyrdom and what was originally a sectarian inter-Jewish quarrel, later used for anti-Jewish purposes.

[@Artur_M.]

Ah, Julian is coming in the next video. One of the most interesting Roman Emperors.

[@אוהדאריאליופה]

אתה יכול להכין סרטון על המחסור בחוקה ועל האקטיביזם המשפטי

[@grindin5694]

“Something that has no basis in the Old Testament”(referring to Paul saying the Jewish prophets were hunted down) you need to read about Elijah and Gideon as well as many other prophets being hunted down by sinners in general.(still could have been added by gentiles but definitely has basis in the Old Testament)

[@navetal]

11:08 Why is he first year 355 days long while every other non-leap year has 384? Also, I remember growing up learning that there are 355 days in a hebrew years, and that's why the hebrew word for a year is שנה (Shanah), since in Gematria Shin = 300, Nun = 50, and Heh = 5, but it seems (according to you) that the common year has 354 days. Is this just a coincidence, then?

[@SamAronow]

I will explain this in my recap video on Friday.

[@bitkower]

Hey Sam, which video was it that you talked about the Karaites? i want to share it with a friend.

[@SamAronow]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/e2GcaX1ohL9roa8&vl=en

[@bitkower]

@@SamAronow toda raba!

[@jeremyyusufov7150]

Man these cliffhangers are killing me

[@bandygamy5898]

A lot of speculation regarding the Epistles.

[@EL-oj6uq]

good work! can you send where you got that last statment?

[@ליאורשטוירמן]

I liked every single video of the jewish history

[@danielkover7157]

Kinda weird, but when you mentioned the final dispersal of the Sanhedrin, I felt kinda sad. It must've felt melancholy to the rabbis of the Sanhedrin, too. 🙁

[@theodorethreebears3607]

An explanation that made sense.

[@benjaminromm8184]

Great video as always!

[@wcovey9405]

How does the Babylon Moon calendar work? Is it not the same?

[@zugabdu1]

Diocaesarea sounds like a town where you don't want to drink the water.

[@danachos]

I didn't know Jason Isaacs was a messianic claimant (cc: 7:26)

[@helenamaud4488]

Great video!

[@NussaraM]

How about Dead Sea Scroll calendar?

[@TheBarahona1]

Shaul(Paul). Was talking about the Jewish leaders, not the Jewish community 🙄...

[@Anavarel]

But what if we don't want to aknowledge that Persia exists? 🤔

[@dukeofmania6504]

Damn the Romans really did take Christianity to make it as least Jewish as possible. The Irony is thick.

[@scottwarthin1528]

0:53 How far from the statues? If only there was a Rabbinic/Scholarly consensus regarding Foundation-Stone's/Holy-of-Holies' exact location, Dome of The Rock's Cave of Souls is an assumption. If I were a betting man: the tradition of religious Jews venerating the Western wall comes from the now forgotten understanding that directly behind it is where the Holy of Holies was, El Kas fountain. SJ's Naked archeologist episodes have me convinced. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_Stone

[@SamAronow]

The Kotel plaza is where it is because it was originally the spot just inside the northern gate into the city, and thus where most pilgrims would have entered during religious festivals. It's also where the Hasmonean Royal Palace was located, and there are other shrines further north as well.

[@stinkeye460]

As a stone and brick mason, The foundation stones would be placed when the excavation reached solid bedrock. The Romans were the first to pour footings because they invented concrete. It was the crushed volcanic lava mixed with lime and sand that allowed their major projects to last for centuries. Modern concrete starts to break down in one hundred years. I started to break down at sixty.

[@shpilbass5743]

10:09 nice reference bro

[@KingOfTheDerp]

When did Jews lose ethnic majority in the land? Did it happen by now or from later events?

[@SamAronow]

As soon as Jews ceased to be the *religious* minority (sometime during the reign of Constantine), there was no ethnic majority in Palestine and wouldn't be until the near-extermination of Jews there during the First Crusade.

[@KingOfTheDerp]

@@SamAronow Interesting, thanks!

[@-kepha8828]

The Hebrew Sabbath was originally a Sabbathon . . . it was celebrated at intervals of seven days, corresponding with the changes in the moon’s phases . . . Encyclopaedia Biblica, 1899, p. 4180. Shabbat originally arose from the lunar cycle, containing four weeks ending in Sabbath, plus one or two additional unreckoned days per [lunar] month. The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia: Volume 10 Cohen, Simon (1943 p 482-483.) the week of seven days was connected with the lunar month, of which it is, approximately, a fourth . . .“ The Jewish Encyclopedia The Hebrew month is a lunar month and the quarter of this period - one phase of the moon - appears to have determined the week of seven days. Encyclopaedia Biblica, 1899, p. 4780. At first the New Moon festival was not counted among the seven days of the week; after 28 days had elapsed [7 days x 4 weeks], one or two days were intercalated as New Moon days, whereupon a new cycle of four weeks began, so that the Sabbath was a movable festival…. Later the week and the Sabbath became fixed [to the Roman cycling planetary week]; and this gradually resulted in taking away from the New Moon festival its popular importance. . . The Jewish Encyclopedia, Pastoral Feast. The [early] Hebrews employed lunar seven-day weeks, which ended with special observances on the seventh day, but none the less were tied to the moon’s course. Rest Days, Hutton Webster, p. 254-255 The weeks do not continue in a regular cycle regardless of the moon. Each month has four weeks, the beginning with the New Moon. I have no doubt that this was the old Hebrew system. Babylonian Menologies and the Semitic Calendars, p. 89. The connection of the Sabbath with lunar phases, however, was (later) discarded by the Israelites . . . The New Schaff-Herzog Religious Encyclopedia, p. 135-136. It is certain that the Jews celebrated . . . Pentecost . . . without regard in either case to the day of the [modern Roman] week. Oxford English Dictionary, 1971 Edition, Vol. 2, Pentecost. The Sabbath depending, in Israel’s nomadic period, upon the observation of the phases of the moon, it could not, accordingly be a fixed day [meaning a fixed planetary day of the modern Roman cycling week]. The Jewish Encyclopedia: Volume 10, p. 590. Most theologians and some scholars assume that mainstream Jewish society, at the time of Jesus was practicing a fixed seven-day week which was the same as the modern fixed [cycling planetary designations] seven-day week. This is extremely doubtful. The change, from a lunar to a fixed week, was brought about by the power and influence of Rome. As long as the Nazarenes held power in Jerusalem, all Roman practices and customs, including that of the consecutive week, were held at bay. Shawui Sabbath: Ancient Sabbath Observance In the years following Clement of Alexandria’s time (A.D. 150-215), an ominous change started to take place that was to radically change the Christian concept of the Sabbath. This intimate connection between the week and the month was soon dissolved. It is certain that the week soon followed a development of its own, and it became the custom - without paying any regard to the days of the month (i.e. the luni-solar month) . . . so that the New Moon no longer coincided with the first day of the month. Then, on page 4179 of the same encyclopedia, we read: “The introduction of the custom of celebrating the Sabbath every 7th day, irrespective of the relationship of the day to the moon’s phases, led to a complete separation from the ancient view of the Sabbath. . . Encyclopaedia Biblica, 1903 p. 5290. It should be noted that the oldest dated Christian inscription to employ a planetary designation [Sunday thru Saturday, unbroken weekly cycles] belongs to the year 269 A.D. Inscriptiones Christianae urbis Romae, ed. De Rossi, 1861, i, No. 1. The present Jewish calendar was fixed [changed to the Roman planetary weekly cycle] in the fourth century. Jewish Theological Seminary of America, Letter by Louis Finkelstein to Dr. L. E. Froom, Feb. 20, 1939. Some Dead Sea Scrolls, such as 4Q325, 4Q326, 4Q327, and 4Q394, contain fixed week calendar systems which may represent an early attempted transition from the more ancient lunar phase week toward the modern fixed week made mandatory by Rome a few centuries later. Dead Sea Scroll fragments also preserve a luni-solar calendar, along with new and dark moons which are unnecessary if they only kept the purely solar calendar of 364 days. [Author Unknown] This change from the luni-solar to a fixed solar calendar occurred in Rome during the repressive measures which were enacted against ALL Jewish customs . . .during the reign of Emperor Hadrian. With the fall of the Nazarene headquarters…at Jerusalem, this new Roman calendar quickly spread throughout ‘Christendom.’ This new calendar not only replaced yearly festival dates such as Passover, but it also revamped the concept of the week and its seventh-day. Iranaeus 2nd Century A.D. The calendar was used by ALL the original disciples of Yeshua…This original Nazarene lunar-solar calendar was supplanted by a Roman “planetary week” and calendar in 135 C.E. - when the “Bishops of the Circumcision” were displaced from Jerusalem. This began a three hundred year controversy concerning the TRUE CALENDAR AND CORRECT SABBATH: This [calendar] controversy arose after the exodus of the bishops of the circumcision and has continued until our time.” Epiphanius, HE4, 6, 4. In the years following Clement of Alexandria’s time, an ominous change started to take place that was to radically change the Christian concept of the Sabbath. This intimate connection, records the Encyclopedia Biblica, between the week and the month was soon dissolved. It is certain that the week soon followed a development of its own, and it became the custom without paying any regard to the days of the month [i.e. the lunar month]. Encyclopedia Biblica p. 5290. “The early Christians [Messiah followers] had at first adopted the Jewish [lunar] seven-day week with its numbered weekdays, but by the close of the third century A.D. this began to give way to the planetary week; and in the fourth and fifth centuries the pagan designations became generally accepted in the western half of Christendom. The use of the planetary names by Christians attests to the growing influence of astrological speculations introduced by converts from paganism.” Rest Days: A Study in Early Law and Morality. New York: The MacMillan Company, 1916, p. 220. Sabbath and New Moon (Rosh Chodesh), both periodically recur in the course of the year. The New Moon is still, and the Sabbath originally was, dependent upon the lunar cycle. Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, “Holidays,” p. 410. The nations do their counting with the Sun, but Israel, with the Moon. The Mekilta, a work of Rabbi Yisma’el Merita (2nd century AD). “The first day of the lunar month was observed as a holy day. . . As on the Sabbath, trade and handicraft work were stopped (Amos 8:5; Ezekiel 46:3) and the temple was opened for public worship…. It was an occasion for state banquets (1 Samuel. 20:5-24). Smith’s Bible Dictionary (1884): New Moon. Under the reign of Constantius the persecutions of the Jews reached such a height that the computation of the (luni-solar) calendar (was) forbidden under pain of severe punishment. (Source: The Jewish Encyclopedia, “Calendar.”)

[@calicoixal]

Why do you put Adar as the first month when Nisan is the first month?

[@SamAronow]

Oh my God, I don't know how I missed that.

[@Great_Olaf5]

It's too bad that it's a bit late to throw in some kind of clip for your running gag "Now at this point, we need to acknowledge that Persia exists." like the Mongoltage. Just hearing the words is funny enough, but if there were something tagged onto it, I'd probably burst out laughing every time. Just because it's true doesn't mean it can't be funny.

[@robinmitchell6132]

Shabbat=sunset -sunset & Atonement is a 24 hour fast...📜

[@trevor1667]

Who knew!

[@sophiawilson8696]

According to the Jewish Calendar I believe it year 5768? I think.

[@swiftsetrider4543]

Nah- 5782

[@silveryuno]

I love your videos~

[@nilesmouser6670]

Your exegesis on 1 Thessalonians is pretty off the mark contextually. Paul was not condemning all Jews; he was condemning those Jews, who were persecuting innocent people (e.g. himself, Jesus, the prophets, and all men). The "Old Testament" as referred to by Christians is replete with passages about the people (Jewish/Israelite) killing prophets (Both books of Kings, Jeremiah). Your claim of Paul's letter being "edited" in the 3rd century is pretty unsupportable. It is commonly accepted to have been written circa 51 AD (CE) and was all over the Christian world by the 3rd Century. I like much of your stuff, but you appear to misrepresent Christian history too often and seem to generalize popular misconceptions of the Abrahamic religions when it suits you. Intending to be constructive, not mean. I do like your presentations for the most part. Keep up the work.

[@SamAronow]

You're right. A lot of my understanding of Christianity at the time I made these early videos was based on later interpretations/uses of these writings, especially when they were/are quoted as arguments against Jews or Judaism. This particular passage is often used colloquially as a condemnation of all Jews. Plain readings of the Pauline epistles often come off as totally antisemitic, but having grown and learned more through religious scholars and Jewish commentaries on the New Testament, it seems fairly clear that Paul is not invalidating Judaism as a whole but specifically for gentile converts to Christianity, for whom Jewish law could not apply. This was even cited by Emden and Mendelssohn in the 18th century as an argument in favor of religious toleration.

[@nilesmouser6670]

@@SamAronow Keep on going. I love history and you do excellent presentations.

[@stinkeye460]

Even the disciples and brothers of Jesus though Paul was nuts. Christianity is responsible for the hatred of Jews and Judaism for the past 2,000 years largely due to the writings of Mathew and Paul.

[@nilesmouser6670]

@@stinkeye460 One of the stranger interpretations I've seen. Thanks for sharing it.

[@Gorillarevolta]

5:00 No basis in the Hebrew Bible? What about 1 Kings 19:10 or Jeremiah 2:30 or Nehemiah 9:26?

[@JimmieJones-g4n]

I tried to clean important information where I Can but will you people are wrong in a lot of ways

[@maxi4182]

Why didn't you speak of the talmud yerushalmi

[@rosefigueras5756]

Anong araw namatay si kristo sa hebrew calendar

[@zhess4096]

Sabado

[@Bouboukenka]

I don't know sounds like God, maybe, intended for an extra fast every 7 or so years to me, and human workings subverted that....🤔

[@celtiberian07]

They must have had a few jewish towns of the holy land in the dark ages & low middle ages . i never find anything between say 400-1700 rambam & few others go to Egypt many go to Babylon from Europe & north African etc . i hear of jews living in Syria, Lebanon, iraq, iran, turkey , Greece ,but not present day Israel or Palestine even yemman had a large community of converts in like the 500-600s. Did any towns of cities always remain with a large Jewish presence in what would be this days Israel or Palestine? Galilee? Negava? Jerusalem? Bersheba?

[@yakov95000]

Yes Pekiin village in Galilee had Jews from Start of recorded history to this day(although all Jews left Pekiin now),Hebron community was aswell but it was destroyed in 29 in Arab pogrom,Jerusalem Jewish cummunity was destroyed in first crusade but later rebuilded to be a major part of the city and later majoirty of the city,Safed/Tiberius in Galilee was also great Jewish centers from Spanish Explosion times.I think overall Most regular Jews judt couldn't survive in Israel and would often live on donations from diaspora communities.

[@johnvermassen]

This is absurd in its conceits If the ritual rules are required, why would one so precedent-commit to some like crappy improvisation by early Late Antiquity religious scholars? Makes no sense Given the current knowhow, if an arbitrary [ because theocratic ritualistic ] algorithmic overlay is required, for those who insist on it, obviously should just be done on basis on the modern astronomically-adjusted Gregorian Calendar with an added algorithm on top of it

[@jaca2899]

HISTORIA CIVILIS

[@elihirth5061]

Hello

[@chicknorton8839]

4:41 Me remembering Christmas Mass, which is coming soon: Oooooooohhhhhh my God that is dark... that's dark.... wow that's some rancid vibes there.....

[@joshuasteele3520]

I don't think this video shows a correct understanding of how Constantine related to Christianity. Christianity was legalized decades earlier for instance.

[@JimmieJones-g4n]

The apostle paul was the holy ghost follower of jesus christ don't smear his name

[@brenosantana1458]

.

[@Jewish_Israeli_Zionist]

Why "Judah Hanasi" insread of "Yehudah Hanasi". The first one is an odd linguistic combination, like saying "kaf Ket BeNovember" instead of "the 29th of November".

[@a.lavernefilan1888]

YAHWEH Created 7 Day's and made 'HOLY' DAY 7. How do we know today what day is DAY 7? Ask Pope Gregory XIII, ask Hillel II, ask a SDA Church Leader or watch KZbin video's, 'The Great Cover Up by the SDA Church - Lunar Sabbath' and 'The Moon Regulates the Weekly Sabbath - Lunar Sabbath' and 'Why was the Hebrew Calendar FIXED by Hillel II? - Lunar Sabbath'. Hillel II created 'RULES OF POSTPONEMENT' so his changes to YAHWEH'S Appointed Times and Laws would be acceptable to the Jew's and to 'Saturday' Adventists. Are those changes acceptable to you?

[@armanmahmood9783]

Sam: “The Christians demonised the Jews” Me: oh you don’t wanna look at what islam says its waaayyy worse

[@armanmahmood9783]

@@mdsabahuddin8251 huh

[@فيصلالسرحان-ب6ف]

شلوم خبيبي∆∆∆∆∆∆√√√√√√®£

[@familyshare3724]

The calendar *IS* the Babylonian calendar. The Metonic cycle with exactly the same leap pattern was implemented in Babylon before Cyrus was born. This is an incontrovertible fact written in stone.

[@Kuudere-Kun]

Easter was not disconnected from Passover at Nicaea, the word "Easter" was never used in that century, it was just Passover, and it was still synchronized to a Full Moon near the Spring Equinox. Your quote of Constantine about it seems spurious to me. Constans IIl in the West was actually favorable to The Jews, he was also Gay. The Extra-Biblical tradition of Yom Kippur being a Fast Day is contradicted by Torah having Sin Offerings made on that day.

[@craigluchin6036]

Any attack upon the Apostle Paul is just to discredit the Gospel Paul gave to save anyone who believes it. And you're using a bible translation proven long ago to be false.

[@StylosetPapier]

מצוין !