The History of Castlevania the Complete Saga - documentary

[@darkayn7924]

I liked the part where he talks about Castlevania

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Me too, although there wasn't enough talk about Castlevania

[@stewartbladensb]

Now I disagree. I liked the part where he talks about CASTLEvania

[@joer-tard2821]

i enjoyed the part where he talked about the nintendos cuz i love nintendos.

[@skiprockjr.6881]

But what about Castlevania for MSDos?

[@-Siculus-Hort-]

..whats he talk about?

[@adrianshappymoments9343]

Truly impressed with how much research you put into this. Totally awesome PatmanQC. My favorite KZbinr

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

I appreciate it,, That is very nice of you to say. Thank you

[@peterdendel]

@@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries you oo

[@spagett2487]

Castlevania IV. One of the best games of my childhood; The gameplay, the atmosphere, the art, and ESPECIALLY the music, it brings back so much memories. I remember I use to watch my dad play this game all the time, and every time he asks me if I wanna play, I always say no because I found it a little too scary, while at the same time was still amazed by everything. It was pretty much one of the first games that got me into gaming. Thanks dad and Konami!

[@sahelebrahimal-wasti4829]

Castlevania 4 is my favorite too. I remember playing when first came out. I was maybe 5 or 6 at that time. It was easy for me until I entered the castle. Now this cake it's a cake walk for me❤

[@arnoldh9012]

I really liked that Japanese commercial for Castlevania! That was awesome that you included that. Your depth and detail about the Castlevania series was incredible!

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Glad you enjoyed it! I thought it was cool as well which is why I had to include it

[@launchpadmcquack9305]

This video is so good at a half-hour in, I want to stop it and play Castlevania right now

[@joeboo8626]

Whenever I hear that OG 8-bit music, I get the urge as well.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Excellent, that's nice of you to say :-)

[@paxhumana2015]

@@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries , I mentioned you on Slope's Game Room because he too has a video or two on Castlevania as well. He says that he talks to you from time to time and that you both are good friends. I am glad for that fact.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

@@paxhumana2015 Thank you so much for the mention, he is a really nice guy

[@theotherfanboy]

Watched the whole thing in one sitting Fantastic video, this must have been no walk in the park to make. The amount of work put in deserves more than respect. Incredible job man.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Glad you enjoyed it. Yes, that was a giant task to put together but I'm glad everybody liked it. I really appreciate all the nice words. If I could give this video 10 thumbs up I would. Thank you

[@Midekai]

It's incredible how much work you've put into this video. Probably the best castlevania vid of last year

[@midnightkitty8172]

I love Castlevania, and recently got the 'Castlevania Anniversary Collection' available on Steam; it includes: Castlevania - NES Castlevania II Simon's Quest - NES Castlevania III Dracula's Curse - NES Super Castlevania IV - SNES Castlevania The Adventure - Gameboy Castlevania II Belmont's Revenge - Gameboy Castlevania Bloodlines - Genesis Kid Dracula (never released in English before) - NES History of Castlevania - Book of the Crescent Moon - early concept art, storylines, etc. ( By the way, it's on sale 75% off until Jan 5.) Thanks for this all - encompassing review of these great games, Patman~! I really appreciate the effort you put in; it can't be easy.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

That collection is a really good deal especially if you are a fan of the series. Thank you

[@midnightkitty8172]

@@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries My pleasure, Sir. : )

[@retrogamernes3121]

This video showed up in my recommended feed and I think this was very well done. I played some of these games so I have my own opinions on them but a couple of things about Castlevania Legends.. there are a couple of theories about why it was erased from the timeline. The more prominent one is that Koji Igurashi wasn't too keen on female protagonists..the other one is that the baby Sonya is holding in her ending is actually Trevor and the father is Alucard.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Excellent, you could be on to something regarding the female protagonists. Thank you

[@Deatheater4444]

@@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries Ignore him, he doesn't know what he's talking about. Trevor was hard confirmed to be Sypha and Alucard's son in the JP version of Legends, and in all but three of Igarashi's games, you had playable female protagonists. Several in some cases. Two of his games, Order of Ecclesia and the successor project Bloodstained: Ritual of the Night, have women as the main protagonists. Legends was retconned out because it conflicted with Lament of Innocence's story. That's literally the reason. You had two prequels; one was new and expensive to make and currently on sale for the dominant platform of the day, and the other was an obscure game for the original Gameboy that sold and reviewed poorly.

[@stewartbladensb]

I must say your quickly becoming one of my favourite “history of” You Tubers. I love listening about everything to do with my favourite childhood games.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

That is very nice of you to say, thank you

[@creatureslim]

I love this channel. It's so much fun remembering all the games I wasn't able to play because i only had 4 games for my nes.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Thank you so much for the nice words. I had a Commodore 64 and and NES but only had one game on the NES which was Mario LOL. I rented a lot of games but they were just way too expensive for my parents to buy.

[@CarlyEllie]

PatmanQC thanks for taking the time to indulge us all on the gaming history/lore elements of this and various others games. Your effort is appreciated.

[@ferretwithagun9886]

This was great. I didn’t even know some of these games existed. Thanks for your hard work putting all this together and it all transitions really well. Keep up the good work.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Glad you enjoyed! Thank you so much for the nice words

[@2128jrandall]

This is my first official deep dive video of yours and I have to say 10/10! I love CastleVania. Thanks for doing this. I appreciate the research you had to for this!

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Glad you enjoyed it!Thank you

[@davidokelly1140]

Great full comprehensive overview of the Castlevania collection! I would love to have a full Castlevania colection but some games have a pretty steep price tag! One day I can say it's complete Keep up the good work!

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Thanks, yes the prices are insane but it would be cool to have a full complete collection

[@YTWanderer]

Many thanks for uploading the Complete Saga !! Epic 💪

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Absolutely,Thank you for watching

[@midiman369]

great stuff, impressive! Was literally just starting to go back to finish up this as I (due to just being busy) stopped off somewhere around part 3 or 4. thanks!

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Awesome, thank you!

[@myucussman]

Just an incredible amount of in-depth detail. Excellent work. A+

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Thanks a lot, I appreciate the nice words :-)

[@EazyCheeze]

Your first movie-length documentary! I love it. I watched all five parts already, but definitely can understand someone wanting to watch all of them in one go. You really write and speak well, and definitely give us classic gaming fans what we want. Thank you for sharing your enthusiasm with us, Pat. You're awesome!

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Thank you my friend, I also appreciate the nice words. Thank you so much :-)

[@bpo1975]

When it comes to video game "documentaries," my Top 3 are AVGN, Spoony (retired), and PatmanQC.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Thank you so much :-)

[@jameskelvin6720]

You did such a great job with this series. Way to go!

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Glad you enjoyed it! I appreciate the nice words, thanks

[@mrnobodyinvr9762]

What you do here, is actually pretty special, and it sure as hell hits my nostalgia button every time. I'm your age, and Man o Man when I found these Arcade1Ups, well, that was it. Today, my Big Problem is...Dragons Lair is on sale, My apartment has No Room Left...and yet, here I sit, trying to figure out what I can get rid of, to make space for yet another cab. :P Thank you for these amazing clips, CastleVania is locked into my memory from a sleep over and a tiny portable TV, up all night trying to get thru the game, eating Cpt. Crunch out of the box dry hahaha

[@valiantparagonvideos2383]

Great video. However, you forgot ONE game. Castlevania: Harmony of Despair, an Xbox Live multiplayer Castlevania where you could play as different characters from the Castlevania series. I played it like once and thought it was weird. Not sure it's still alive or not.

[@brutallyhonest123]

The size of the bosses made it kind of cool. Also the throwback DLC was fun.

[@nvisible123]

It's still alive...

[@jimsparrow1699]

Thanks for this. This was one of my favorite games and then series of games. Right up there with Megaman!

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Glad you enjoyed it! Thank you so much

[@RaquelFoster]

I was one of the only nerds with a CD burner in 1997. You needed a SCSI controller. They had no buffer. Most hard drives could barely fit a single CD image. And blank CDs were about $15 each. So the only thing worth copying was PSX games. But I was in all these IRC warez groups and started getting things almost a year before they were released in the US. The two I was really excited about were Dracula X and Metal Gear Solid. Symphony of the Night was Dracula X in Japan. Actually it was a really long name, but the English kana part was Dracula X. It made me so happy because my favorite games were the good 2D ones like 1942 or Street Fighter, but everybody said that SCEA (Sony America) refused to release 2D games. For months everybody said it wasn't even going to be released in the US. I was in college and I started taking Japanese so I could play newer games. 😂

[@loki.odinson]

My favorite part is when he talks about Castlevania.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

That's my favorite as well

[@michaelallain7706]

Thank you for covering this series. Great job.

[@user-qo6lk2xl2s]

How can someone just dislike this masterpiece ohh i cant understand it

[@jacob_swaggerz]

Love these long form documentaries from you 🔥🔥

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Glad you like them! Sometimes there is no other way to do it in a series has so many games in it

[@LeftyWick]

Thank you for the great video. I will most likely watch this an ungodly amount of times. Great work

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Wow, thanks!

[@jeremybowers3181]

Hell yeah...the DVD edition!! I love it man👊💥🇺🇸

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Thank you my friend

[@DrJ3RK8]

A tip for home computers with one button: Either, use an emulator, and map up to a second button, or if using the original hardware, wire a button, or add a button, and tie it into the Up control. I used to use Sega Master System or Genesis pads with my C64 and Amiga, and rewire one of the buttons to Up.

[@oldskoolhellrazor]

Patman does it once again, great video. Makes me want to break out all the nes games

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Thanks again, have fun :-)

[@parkcrashers5922]

The cover with Simon holding Dracula's severed head by the hair is so much cooler.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

It is coolDidn't know how appropriate that would be for a thumbnail though

[@parkcrashers5922]

@@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries well Castlevania fans should of appreciate it but KZbin has been cracking down...wouldn't want to offend any vampires surfing channels 😉

[@stacyvonn8036]

I remember playing Castlevania 2 and 3 the most.... And getting the Morning Star whip on Simon's Quest and thinking at the time how Op it was.... I loved both games tremendously...❤️

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

I really enjoyed super castle Vania as well

[@Djclyve]

Damn u killed that part with the bridge. U have no idea how many tries it took me to get past that.

[@ramza813]

Lords of Shadow 2 is still the best CGI Intro ever.

[@HoganLegDropSoup]

22:45 "The music and sound effects are like melted butter. Nice & smooth on your eardrums." I'm pretty sure I would not like melted butter on my eardrums, regardless of how smooth is made them. 😂😂😂

[@RetroGamePlayers]

Wow you put a lot of work into this man, watching now!

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

I appreciate that!Thank you

[@MinecraftMartin]

Most people don't know this, but Castlevania is based on a true story about a real vampire in Pennsylvania back in the 1500s. Whips and all. It's pretty nuts when you think about it.

[@g4betty]

from Japan. I am a package illustration artist for this game series. I miss Dracula X and Castlevania Bloodline. Thank you for picking it up. Happy new year!

[@MVC2fan1]

There is still a way to play Dracula X.

[@gstein86]

Love the vid and upvoted it. Had it on in the background while prepping paperwork for 2 hours. Just 2 stupid nitpicks. Trevor is the bonus character in Legacy of Darkness, not Richter. That only stuck out because of the amazing Netflix show. It's Uncharted, not Unchartered. Please keep up the great work and happy new year.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Thanks for the correction, glad you enjoyed it

[@lucasatchley4509]

This was an awesome video! I appreciate all your hard work!

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

I appreciate that!

[@apocalypticminister1369]

Been watching your episodes have subscribed years ago... But, your presentation is on par with the best! Your show reminds me of Friday Fright night, which was a show we had here in Kansas City back in the 80's! We loved it although it has been canceled for years. Keep doing what you're doing brother...😎

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Very kind of you to say my friend. Thank you so much

[@brittislove]

How is this video under 100,000 views? This is THE definitive version of Castlevania history.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

That is very nice of you to say,I wish other people felt the same

[@brittislove]

Fuck yeah, the Patman Complete Castlevania movie!!

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

LOL, glad you enjoyed it

[@mattmcglasson7104]

Watching this while I’m working, but did I miss him talk about Lords of Shadow? Loved that game

[@josephpatsch849]

Just pure artistry in all.hope more games sequel coming.

[@algernonsblackwoods5859]

Came for the Castlvania. Subbed for the wife jokes. Great stuff.

[@wanderandargo]

I've been playing Super Castlevania IV because you made it sound so awesome! It's fun so far, nice and challenging.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

The game is fantastic so I'm glad you are enjoying it

[@zachariahscott6648]

I enjoyed this right from the beginning, where Patman sets the record straight, once and for all, about Dracula (a.k.a Vlad Tepes Dracula in some, if not most, Castlevania games)not being an actual real - being😋, but the existence of his character was based on Vlad the Impaler (who just happened to be a very blood-thirsty tyrant in real life)!😱

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

I have always enjoyed this franchise, hopefully it will return to form soon

[@twistedninjafishz2683]

Honestly I'm glad I found your channel good content.

[@kccastorena1102]

22 year old watching your video for the 12th time and its always great 👍

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Wow, thanks

[@TheGGShow77]

Castlevania was the first NES I bought with my OWN money! I mowed like 10 lawns and went up to Software Etc. And grabbed the game based solely on the box art seeing that there was no internet and I didn't have Nintendo Power, so after buying it blind, it instantly became my favorite game on the NES, I beat it finally back when I was 12, such amazing memories, though sadly, I believe I had to resort to a Game Genie to beat it--I KNOW..., let the flogging begin!

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Excellent, kudos for that. Don't feel bad about the game being I had to use the 30 man cheat code for contra :-)

[@StagFabulous]

"Juiced Belmont" I can dig it. Juste is canonically pretty strong.

[@StevenMichaelCunningham]

@PatManQC you will be happy to know I am ever so slowly (that part I do not like..) working on a expansion of Castle Vania. Expect a 8bit option for graphics as well as audio selections including muting this, that or the other. Expect a 3D ensemble. Expect it to combine the role playing & action with puzzles & mystery but also world building as well as freely wandering. The lore occurs & you either influence it for the better or ride the 🌊 Have a family. Build a palace. Build a series of palaces. Build a world. Demolish ruins & all that entails. Secure your station &.........THRIVE AS WELL AS SURVIVE.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Sounds fantastic please keep me posted

[@jeffpom7868]

That is an excellent video. I don'T know if you did, but a metroid documentary would be also great. They are in my top 3 franchises.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

That would be quite defeat, perhaps in the future

[@hellomarysuegoodbyeplot2193]

Also Castlevania 2 has three endings. Also the Saturn version of Symphony of the Night has 2 extra levels, extra weapons and the ability to play Alucard/Richter/Maria from the beginning.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Thanks for the info

[@dranimations7902]

More Castlevania! - is this one of your favourite games?. - Well done putting it all together.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

It is one of my favorite games but people have been requesting that I combine the five parts

[@user-qo6lk2xl2s]

I have the first castlevania for Ps4 and ghoulsn ghosts for Ps1 and i love These games thank u for Ur wonderful video i can See how much u woked for this documentary im so thannkful u did this big respect no mega respect

[@jpayne3616]

I enjoyed this. Thank you. Childhood memories

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Glad you enjoyed it, Thanks

[@3mate1]

What's your next project going to be?

[@richardabkstorm9009]

Thank you for this fella 👍🙏

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

You bet, thanks for watching

[@MVC2fan1]

I have Castlevania: The Dracula X Chronicles on the PSP, Castlevania: Lords of Shadows 1, 2, Mirror of Fate & Harmony of Despair on the Xbox 360 via Xbox One, and Castlevania Anniversary Collection on the Xbox One.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Excellent, all classic games

[@palaceofwisdom9448]

IMO Symphony of the Night will always be the ultimate Castlevania experience.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

It was fantastic

[@internziko]

Can't wait to watch this tonight

[@jimavelli1866]

Thank you for this compilation.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@eldiablogrande876]

this was cool dude thanks!

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Thanks a lot :-)

[@disequalone]

Castlevania harmony if despair is my favorite multi-player game. 3 friends and I mastered the game and had the 4x hitting swords, gets fume, and more. Somehow this game is always ignored.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

I'll have to go back and revisit it

[@ninjamaster3453]

Going right to my favs list. Thanks

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Awesome! Thank you!

[@eartheternal3565]

Two hours!? How fun! Thanks!

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Thanks for watching :-)

[@lolowanda]

Loving it. Great work!

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Glad to hear it! Thank you so much

[@KronosTheDeejay]

Great content as usual!

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Glad you enjoyed it Thank you

[@darkclouds09]

Really? You honestly think that magazine cover is "too much" for kids? When you were a kid did yo think it was too much? Did it traumatize you? Are you forever psychologically scarred as a result of seeing that cover as a kid? If the answer is "no", then there's nothing wrong with the magazine cover, except over-protective adults being "helicopter parents" to their kids who will one day grow up and realize the parents were completely out of their minds.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Considering eight-year- olds read that magazine for the latest Mario and Zelda news? Absolutely

[@Omahaniley81]

you ok?

[@DrWho2008t101]

thanks for the video.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

You're welcome

[@dragonchaserkev]

I think Castlevania is a place with a lot of castles, would like to go there.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

You and me both :-)

[@zachariahscott6648]

Wow, the Castlevania game on that Sharp X 8600 looks and sounds spectacular. I thought that musically, no other Castlevania comes close to Castlevania S.O.T.N (Symphony Of The Night) but the music of that version on the Sharp X 8600 sounds great enough to rival it!

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

I agree, the music is absolutely stunning

[@zachariahscott6648]

@@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries Thank you so much Mr.PatmanQC man, for shouting out the Castlevania titles that I am proud to own! Thank you for - not saying - that Lament Of Innocence game was another 3D bust by Konami. Thank you for shouting out the Bloodstained series, especially the beautiful Curse Of the Moon 2 (Maybe the prettiest of the series is the sequel after that). I have all three of them for my PS4 Pro.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

@@zachariahscott6648 No problem, it's an excellent franchise and hopefully will get resurrected someday

[@buckfifty37]

You should do Monster Party, please? I remember having that game, but I was too young and never had the patience to beat it. Anyways, good job on this one and I hope my request isn't too obscure.

[@ovlivion81]

Was it just me or did you miss harmony of dissonance?

[@adamofgrayskull7735]

The links to Vampire Hunter D are crazy even the main dude in SOTN change his hair black ,and it's D and was supposed to be

[@jamiegwhite30]

The History of PatmanQC ; make it as seamless as possible.

[@jamiegwhite30]

no seam seen! well done sir!!

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Thank you very much

[@LoverBoy-im7xv]

Are you the Cadberry Egg guy? :Craxk that whip" shows ghe sane voice. 5:40 about

[@TexasHollowEarth]

Great video Patman. What about that mobile Castlevania game, Grimoire of Souls that died before coming out of beta, last year? Also, no mention of BS: Curse of the Moon 2. The Curse of the Moon sub-series has that OG Castlevania soul.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Thanks, with so many games in the series (there were over 30) I knew a few would fall through the cracks. Sorry about that

[@elialexander-tanner5784]

Epic roundup!

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Thanks

[@watson3047z]

I enjoyed Lords of shadow and its music. The sequel was pretty weird and had an overcomplicated warp system. Oh and certain enemies killed you in one hit and were tougher than bosses.

[@capntinwhistle]

When a problem comes along, you must whip it.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Whip it good

[@joegalford2319]

That boss in the Genesis version reminds me of the running boss in Contra for Genesis

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Yes it does

[@damedan9389]

Castlevania II: Simon's Quest was the first video game to actually scare me.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Really?

[@damedan9389]

@@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries yep

[@brutallyhonest123]

Did Harmony of Despair get left out? It’s a weird little game but the giant boss battles and vast available characters and dlc made it one of my favorites when it released

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

I will have to make an updated video because I must have missed that. It must've just slipped through the cracks

[@BALDOGON]

Great review!👍🏼

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Thank you! Cheers!

[@disequalone]

There was only one time in my life that i rage broke a game product. It was belmont's revenge, I headbutted the gameboy.(i was 7) but, i did work iff a new gameboy and still have it today.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

LOL that's hilarious

[@gigatronx]

Amazing video 👍

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Thank you 👍

[@zachariahscott6648]

In Castlevania 3 for Nintendo, PatmanQC said that you could play as 3 companions along with Trevor Belmont, a sorcerer, a pirate, and Dracula's son. Is Dracula's son not Alucard in this game, or is this another different son? 🤔

[@andrewvangils3112]

Yes, the Alucard in C3 is Dracula’s son and the same character from Symphony of the Night.

[@humanblazethecat7189]

Awesome complete castlevania videos

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Glad you like them! Thank you

[@humanblazethecat7189]

You’re welcome

[@ericwood3709]

Vlad Dracula is actually considered a folk hero in Romania.

[@rockdesu]

Awesome documentary.

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

Glad you enjoyed it! Thank you so much

[@Cheka__]

SOTN on Playstation was my favorite. Did you forget the Nintendo 64 Castlevania?

[@PatmanQC-Arcade-Documentaries]

No, I covered all of the Castlevania games which turned out to be 35 or 36 titles

[@TheFLOMAN76]

Good stuff!!!

[@deathproof8732]

HIT THE LEVER!

[@Ticonderous1]

SOTN is an out and out Masterpiece ....